1
|
Segal O, Kowal T, Banet-Levi Y, Gabis LV. Executive Function and Working Memory Deficits in Females with Fragile X Premutation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030813. [PMID: 36983968 PMCID: PMC10053193 DOI: 10.3390/life13030813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fragile X premutation is a genetic instability of the FMR1 gene caused by 55–199 recurrences of the CGG sequence, whereas there are only 7–54 repeats of the CGG sequence in the normal condition. While males with the premutation of Fragile X were found to have difficulties in executive functions and working memory, little data have been collected on females. This study is among the first to address executive functions and phonological memory in females with the Fragile X premutation. Twenty-three female carriers aged 20–55 years and twelve non carrier females matched in age and levels of education (in years) participated in this study. Executive functions and phonological memory were assessed using the self-report questionnaire The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and behavioral measures (nonword repetitions, forward and backward digit span). Females who were carriers of the premutation of the FMR1 gene reported less efficient executive functions in the BRIEF questionnaire compared to the control group. In addition, a relationship was found between the number of repetitions on the CGG sequence of nucleotides, nonword repetitions, and forward digit span. The findings suggest that the premutation of Fragile X in females affects their performance of executive functions and may have impact on everyday functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Segal
- Department of Communication Disorders, The Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-522998404
| | - Tamar Kowal
- Department of Communication Disorders, The Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | | | - Lidia V. Gabis
- Keshet Autism Center Maccabi Wolfson, Holon 5822012, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ferrera D, Gómez-Esquer F, Peláez I, Barjola P, Fernandes-Magalhaes R, Carpio A, De Lahoz ME, Martín-Buro MC, Mercado F. Working memory dysfunction in fibromyalgia is associated with genotypes of the catechol- O-methyltransferase gene: an event-related potential study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:25-40. [PMID: 36100778 PMCID: PMC9958168 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings have associated different COMT genotypes with working memory capacity in patients with fibromyalgia. Although it is thought that the COMT gene may influence neural correlates (P2 and P3 ERP components) underlying working memory impairment in this chronic-pain syndrome, it has not yet been explored. Therefore, the aim of the present research was to investigate the potential effect of the COMT gene in fibromyalgia patients on ERP working memory indices (P2 and P3 components). For this purpose, 102 participants (51 patients and 51 healthy control participants) took part in the experiment. Event-related potentials and behavioral responses were recorded while participants performed a spatial n-back task. Participants had to decide if the stimulus coincided or not in the same location as the one presented one (1-back condition) or two (2-back condition) trials before. Genotypes of the COMT gene were determined through a saliva sample from all participants. Present results significantly showed lower working memory performance (p < 0.05) in patients with fibromyalgia as compared to control participants (higher rate of errors and slower reaction times). At neural level, we found that patients exhibited enhanced frontocentral and parieto-occipital P2 amplitudes compared to control participants (p < 0.05). Interestingly, we also observed that only fibromyalgia patients carrying the Val/Val genotype of the COMT gene showed higher frontocentral P2 amplitudes than control participants (p < 0.05). Current results (behavioral outcomes and P2 amplitudes) confirmed the presence of an alteration in working memory functioning in fibromyalgia. The enhancement of frontocentral P2 could be reflecting that these patients would manifest an inefficient way of activating executive attention processes, in carriers of the Val/Val genotype of COMT. To our knowledge, the present findings are the first linking neural indices of working memory dysfunctions and COMT genotypes in fibromyalgia. Applying a subgroup of patient's strategy based on this genetic marker could be useful to establish more tailored therapeutical approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Ferrera
- grid.28479.300000 0001 2206 5938Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Av. Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Gómez-Esquer
- grid.28479.300000 0001 2206 5938Emerging Research Group of Anatomical, Molecular and Human Development Bases, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Peláez
- grid.28479.300000 0001 2206 5938Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Av. Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Barjola
- grid.28479.300000 0001 2206 5938Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Av. Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernandes-Magalhaes
- grid.28479.300000 0001 2206 5938Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Av. Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Carpio
- grid.28479.300000 0001 2206 5938Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Av. Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Eugenia De Lahoz
- grid.28479.300000 0001 2206 5938Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Av. Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmen Martín-Buro
- grid.28479.300000 0001 2206 5938Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Av. Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Mercado
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Av. Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma H, Qiu R, Zhang W, Chen X, Zhang L, Wang M. Association of PPP1R1B polymorphisms with working memory in healthy Han Chinese adults. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:989046. [PMID: 36440265 PMCID: PMC9685989 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.989046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP-32), which is encoded by the PPP1R1B gene, plays a converging regulatory role in the central nervous system by mediating the actions of dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate. Previous studies have demonstrated that variations in genes related to the dopamine system influence working memory. The present study thus investigated whether polymorphisms in PPP1R1B gene were associated with working memory. Materials and methods A sample of 124 healthy Han Chinese were genotyped for three single nucleotide polymorphisms of PPP1R1B gene, namely rs12601930C/T, rs879606A/G, and rs3764352A/G, using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Working memory performance was assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Results Significant differences were observed in the Total Correct (TC), Total Errors (TE), and Conceptual Level Responses (CLR) scores of the WCST among the three rs12601930C/T genotypes (p = 0.044, 0.044, and 0.047, respectively); in TC, TE, Non-Perseverative Errors (NPE), and CLR scores between participants with the CC and (CT + TT) rs12601930C/T polymorphism genotypes (p = 0.032, 0.032, 0.019, and 0.029, respectively); in TC, TE, Perseverative Errors (PE), NPE, and CLR scores between participants with the (CT + CC) and TT rs12601930C/T polymorphism genotypes (p = 0.001, 0.001, 0.011, 0.004, and 0.001, respectively); and in NPE and CLR scores between participants with the GG and (AG + AA) genotypes of the rs3764352A/G polymorphism (p = 0.011 and 0.010). Furthermore, for males only, there were significant differences in TC, TE, PE, NPE, and CLR scores among the rs12601930C/T genotypes (p = 0.020, 0.020, 0.037, 0.029, and 0.014, respectively) and NPE and CLR scores among the rs3764352 genotypes (p = 0.045 and 0.042). Conclusion PPP1R1B gene polymorphisms rs12601930C/T and rs3764352A/G might be associated with working memory assessed by the WCST in healthy Chinese adults, especially among males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Hainan Provincial Institute of Mental Health, Hainan Provincial Anning Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Riyang Qiu
- Department of Precision Therapy, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Precision Therapy, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenya Zhang
- Department of Precision Therapy, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Precision Therapy, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Precision Therapy, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Precision Therapy, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Bei’an, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Precision Therapy, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Precision Therapy, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Man Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yao XW, Li YL, Yu ZJ, Mo CY, Pan HS, Li CY. The efficacy and safety of agomelatine, sertraline, and escitalopram for senile post-stroke depression: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 205:106651. [PMID: 33940563 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of agomelatine, sertraline, and escitalopram for patients with senile post-stroke depression (SPSD, aged over 65 years). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 165 patients (aged over 65 years) with post-stroke depression (PSD) were recruited. These patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups and given an anti-depressant or a placebo as follows: group A (agomelatine in combination with conventional cerebrovascular disease medication) 48 patients; group B (sertraline in combination with conventional cerebrovascular disease medication) 47 patients; group C (escitalopram in combination with conventional cerebrovascular disease medication) 50 patients; and, a control group (conventional treatment alone) 20 patients. The efficacy of the different treatments was evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Barthel index (BI) at one, two, four, and six weeks after treatment began. RESULTS According to the HAMD, NIHSS score, and BI index, the patients who received one of the three antidepressant treatments showed significant improvement compared with the control group (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the three groups receiving anti-depressant medication (p > 0.05). Laboratory tests showed that the general adverse effects of the treatments were mild in all three groups, and patients generally tolerated the treatments. CONCLUSION A decrease of HAMD and NIHSS scores and an increase in the BI index could be observed in the patients receiving agomelatine, sertraline, or escitalopram treatment. Thus, it would appear that the condition of SPSD in older patients can be improved with the use of either agomelatine, sertraline, or escitalopram.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Wei Yao
- Department of General Medicine, Wu Zhongpei Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528300, China.
| | - Yan-Lan Li
- Department of Outpatient, Guangdong Tongjiang Hospital, Foshan 528300, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Yu
- Department of General Medicine, Wu Zhongpei Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528300, China
| | - Cui-Ying Mo
- Department of General Medicine, Wu Zhongpei Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528300, China
| | - Hong-Shan Pan
- Department of General Medicine, Wu Zhongpei Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528300, China
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- Department of General Medicine, Wu Zhongpei Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528300, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fan J, Yang C, Liu Z, Li H, Han Y, Chen K, Chen C, Wang J, Zhang Z. Female-specific effects of the catechol-O-methyl transferase Val 158Met gene polymorphism on working memory-related brain function. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23900-23916. [PMID: 33221753 PMCID: PMC7762470 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism has been associated with working memory (WM) in many studies, but the results have not been consistent. One plausible explanation is sex-specific effects of this polymorphism as reported in several studies. The current study aimed to explore the sex-specific effects of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism on WM-related brain function in an elderly sample. We found that Val homozygotes outperformed Met allele carriers on the backward digit span subtest for both males and females. The triangular part of the left inferior frontal gyrus and the left inferior temporal gyrus exhibited higher activation in Met allele carriers compared with Val homozygotes during the n-back task, while the background functional connectivity (bFC) between the left angular gyrus (ANG) and the right ANG was enhanced in Val homozygotes as compared to Met allele carriers. Finally, the associations between brain activation, bFC (among various regions), and WM performance were identified only in specific genotype groups of the female participants. These findings provide new insights into the role of COMT Val158Met gene polymorphism in brain function, particularly its female-specific nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Caishui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - He Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu JJ, Ren M, Zhao JJ, Wu JJ, Zhang SC, Zhong YB, Xu ST, Cao ZY, Zhou ZQ, Li YL, Shan CL. Effectiveness of theta and gamma electroacupuncture for post-stroke patients on working memory and electrophysiology: study protocol for a double-center, randomized, patient- and assessor-blinded, sham-controlled, parallel, clinical trial. Trials 2020; 21:910. [PMID: 33148333 PMCID: PMC7641837 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Practitioners of complementary and alternative medicine have suggested that electroacupuncture (EA) could improve post-stroke cognitive impairment, based on the clinical evidence. This study protocol is aimed at showing the effectiveness of theta and gamma EA for post-stroke patients on working memory (WM) and electrophysiology. METHODS After assessing their eligibility, 66 patients with stroke will be enrolled from two Chinese medicine hospitals and randomly divided into theta frequency EA group, gamma frequency EA group, and sham-EA group according to the ratio of 1:1:1. All patients will receive 20 sessions of EA procedures for 4 weeks. Patients in three groups will receive EA at two same acupoints in the head: Baihui (GV20) and Shenting (GV24). The frequency of the three groups of EA is set as follows: 6 Hz (theta-EA group), 40 Hz (gamma-EA group), and no current through the electrodes (sham EA). Patients and assessors will be blinded throughout the entire study. The primary outcome is the performance accuracy of 1-back task which is a frequently used measure of WM in cognitive neuroscience research contexts. Secondary outcome measures will include the response time of 1-back task, the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test, Trail Making Test, Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment Scale, modified Barthel Index, and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals during 1-back tasks. A blinding index will be assessed. Data will be statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA, at 5% of significance level. DISCUSSION We expect this double-center, randomized, patient- and assessor-blinded, sham-controlled, parallel, clinical trial to explore the effectiveness of theta and gamma EA therapy, compared with sham EA, for post-stroke WM. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000031995 . Registered on 17 April 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Xu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200000, China.,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Meng Ren
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Jing-Jun Zhao
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Si-Cong Zhang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Yan-Biao Zhong
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Shu-Tian Xu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Zhong-Yao Cao
- Anhui Wannan Rehabilitation Hospital, 3 Zheshang road, Jinghu District, Wuhu City, 241000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Zhou
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Yuan-Li Li
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200000, China.
| | - Chun-Lei Shan
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200000, China. .,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Selvaggi P, Pergola G, Gelao B, Di Carlo P, Nettis MA, Amico G, Fazio L, Rampino A, Sambataro F, Blasi G, Bertolino A. Genetic Variation of a DRD2 Co-expression Network is Associated with Changes in Prefrontal Function After D2 Receptors Stimulation. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:1162-1173. [PMID: 29415163 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) contribute to the inverted U-shaped relationship between dopamine signaling and prefrontal function. Genetic networks from post-mortem human brain revealed 84 partner genes co-expressed with DRD2. Moreover, eight functional single nucleotide polymorphisms combined into a polygenic co-expression index (PCI) predicted co-expression of this DRD2 network and were associated with prefrontal function in humans. Here, we investigated the non-linear association of the PCI with behavioral and Working Memory (WM) related brain response to pharmacological D2Rs stimulation. Fifty healthy volunteers took part in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, functional MRI (fMRI) study with bromocriptine and performed the N-Back task. The PCI by drug interaction was significant on both WM behavioral scores (P = 0.046) and related prefrontal activity (all corrected P < 0.05) using a polynomial PCI model. Non-linear responses under placebo were reversed by bromocriptine administration. fMRI results on placebo were replicated in an independent sample of 50 participants who did not receive drug administration (P = 0.034). These results match earlier evidence in non-human primates and confirm the physiological relevance of this DRD2 co-expression network. Results show that in healthy subjects, different alleles evaluated as an ensemble are associated with non-linear prefrontal responses. Therefore, brain response to a dopaminergic drug may depend on a complex system of allelic patterns associated with DRD2 co-expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Selvaggi
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara Gelao
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Di Carlo
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Nettis
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Graziella Amico
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Fazio
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Rampino
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Brückl TM, Spoormaker VI, Sämann PG, Brem AK, Henco L, Czamara D, Elbau I, Grandi NC, Jollans L, Kühnel A, Leuchs L, Pöhlchen D, Schneider M, Tontsch A, Keck ME, Schilbach L, Czisch M, Lucae S, Erhardt A, Binder EB. The biological classification of mental disorders (BeCOME) study: a protocol for an observational deep-phenotyping study for the identification of biological subtypes. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:213. [PMID: 32393358 PMCID: PMC7216390 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major research finding in the field of Biological Psychiatry is that symptom-based categories of mental disorders map poorly onto dysfunctions in brain circuits or neurobiological pathways. Many of the identified (neuro) biological dysfunctions are "transdiagnostic", meaning that they do not reflect diagnostic boundaries but are shared by different ICD/DSM diagnoses. The compromised biological validity of the current classification system for mental disorders impedes rather than supports the development of treatments that not only target symptoms but also the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The Biological Classification of Mental Disorders (BeCOME) study aims to identify biology-based classes of mental disorders that improve the translation of novel biomedical findings into tailored clinical applications. METHODS BeCOME intends to include at least 1000 individuals with a broad spectrum of affective, anxiety and stress-related mental disorders as well as 500 individuals unaffected by mental disorders. After a screening visit, all participants undergo in-depth phenotyping procedures and omics assessments on two consecutive days. Several validated paradigms (e.g., fear conditioning, reward anticipation, imaging stress test, social reward learning task) are applied to stimulate a response in a basic system of human functioning (e.g., acute threat response, reward processing, stress response or social reward learning) that plays a key role in the development of affective, anxiety and stress-related mental disorders. The response to this stimulation is then read out across multiple levels. Assessments comprise genetic, molecular, cellular, physiological, neuroimaging, neurocognitive, psychophysiological and psychometric measurements. The multilevel information collected in BeCOME will be used to identify data-driven biologically-informed categories of mental disorders using cluster analytical techniques. DISCUSSION The novelty of BeCOME lies in the dynamic in-depth phenotyping and omics characterization of individuals with mental disorders from the depression and anxiety spectrum of varying severity. We believe that such biology-based subclasses of mental disorders will serve as better treatment targets than purely symptom-based disease entities, and help in tailoring the right treatment to the individual patient suffering from a mental disorder. BeCOME has the potential to contribute to a novel taxonomy of mental disorders that integrates the underlying pathomechanisms into diagnoses. TRIAL REGISTRATION Retrospectively registered on June 12, 2019 on ClinicalTrials.gov (TRN: NCT03984084).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja M. Brückl
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Victor I. Spoormaker
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp G. Sämann
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Katharine Brem
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XBerenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Lara Henco
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Darina Czamara
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Immanuel Elbau
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Norma C. Grandi
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Lee Jollans
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Kühnel
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany ,grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095International Max Planck Research School – Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Leuchs
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Dorothee Pöhlchen
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany ,grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095International Max Planck Research School – Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schneider
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Alina Tontsch
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin E. Keck
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonhard Schilbach
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Czisch
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Lucae
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Erhardt
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B. Binder
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Heinrichs RW. The duality of human cognition: operations and intentionality in mental life and illness. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 108:139-148. [PMID: 31703967 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
What people think about, the intentional aspect of cognition, is distinguished from its operational aspect, or how proficiently they think. Many psychiatric disorders as well as social problems like racism, are defined largely by specified thought contents, whereas neurological disorders including dementia are defined by low proficiency. Intentionality contrasts with operational cognition in resisting objectification and in being expressed primarily in verbal narratives and subjective self-disclosure. This yields insecure data that have slowed progress in fields where intentional cognition plays a key role. The question is how to produce more secure knowledge and open the intentional domain itself to objective investigation. The use of operational methods to infer intentionality has provided only partial answers. However, the science of reconstructing mental events with neural data is providing a new horizon for the study of intentional cognition. Reconstruction science must address major challenges related to fidelity and validity. Nevertheless, this approach is showing the first steps on the road to accessing and revealing objectively the contents of thought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Walter Heinrichs
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bueno D. Genetics and Learning: How the Genes Influence Educational Attainment. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1622. [PMID: 31354597 PMCID: PMC6635910 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is the organ of thought. The word thought is defined as the act of thinking about or considering something: an idea or opinion, or a set of ideas about a particular subject. It implicitly includes the processes of learning. Mental functions, including most if not all aspects of human behavior, such as those related to learning, arise from the activity of the brain. Neural connections that generate and support mental functions are formed throughout life, which enables lifelong learning of new concepts and skills. Both brain formation and function, as well as neural plasticity, are influenced by the activity of a variety of genes and also by epigenetic modifications, which contribute to the regulation of gene expression by adapting it to environmental conditions. In this review, aimed especially at education professionals, I discuss the genetic and epigenetic contributions to mental aspects related to learning processes in terms of heritability. I will argue that, despite most if not all aspects related to learning having a clear genetic background, innate abilities can be enhanced or diminished through educational processes. Thus, the importance of education, in the context of the inheritability of learning processes, will be discussed. The conclusion I draw is that, despite the relatively high genetic heritability shown in most brain processes associated with learning, educational practices are a key contributor to student development, allowing genetically based skills to be enhanced or alternatively diminished. Therefore one of the main goals of education in a changing an uncertain world should be to form adaptable and versatile people who can, and want to, make the most of their capabilities. Thus, knowledge derived from genetics and epigenetics, as well as from neuroscience, should be used to enhance education professionals’ understanding of the biological origins of differences in mental capabilities, thereby empowering them with the possibility to adopt more respectful and flexible educational practices to attain the goal mentioned above.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Bueno
- Biomedical, Evolutionary, and Developmental Genetics Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brooks SJ, Funk SG, Young SY, Schiöth HB. The Role of Working Memory for Cognitive Control in Anorexia Nervosa versus Substance Use Disorder. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1651. [PMID: 29018381 PMCID: PMC5615794 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prefrontal cortex executive functions, such as working memory (WM) interact with limbic processes to foster impulse control. Such an interaction is referred to in a growing body of publications by terms such as cognitive control, cognitive inhibition, affect regulation, self-regulation, top-down control, and cognitive–emotion interaction. The rising trend of research into cognitive control of impulsivity, using various related terms reflects the importance of research into impulse control, as failure to employ cognitions optimally may eventually result in mental disorder. Against this background, we take a novel approach using an impulse control spectrum model – where anorexia nervosa (AN) and substance use disorder (SUD) are at opposite extremes – to examine the role of WM for cognitive control. With this aim, we first summarize WM processes in the healthy brain in order to frame a systematic review of the neuropsychological, neural and genetic findings of AN and SUD. In our systematic review of WM/cognitive control, we found n = 15 studies of AN with a total of n = 582 AN and n = 365 HC participants; and n = 93 studies of SUD with n = 9106 SUD and n = 3028 HC participants. In particular, we consider how WM load/capacity may support the neural process of excessive epistemic foraging (cognitive sampling of the environment to test predictions about the world) in AN that reduces distraction from salient stimuli. We also consider the link between WM and cognitive control in people with SUD who are prone to ‘jumping to conclusions’ and reduced epistemic foraging. Finally, in light of our review, we consider WM training as a novel research tool and an adjunct to enhance treatment that improves cognitive control of impulsivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Brooks
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
| | - Sabina G Funk
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
| | - Susanne Y Young
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch UniversityBellville, South Africa
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Flynn effect for verbal and visuospatial short-term and working memory: A cross-temporal meta-analysis. INTELLIGENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
13
|
Ivleva EI, Clementz BA, Dutcher AM, Arnold SJ, Jeon-Slaughter H, Aslan S, Witte B, Poudyal G, Lu H, Meda SA, Pearlson GD, Sweeney JA, Keshavan MS, Tamminga CA. Brain Structure Biomarkers in the Psychosis Biotypes: Findings From the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:26-39. [PMID: 27817844 PMCID: PMC6501573 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current definitions of psychotic illness lack biological validity, motivating alternative biomarker-driven disease entities. Building on experimental constructs-Biotypes-that were previously developed from cognitive and neurophysiologic measures, we contrast brain anatomy characteristics across Biotypes alongside conventional diagnoses, examining gray matter density (GMD) as an independent validator for the Biotypes. METHODS Whole brain GMD measures were examined in probands, their relatives, and healthy subjects organized by Biotype and then by DSM-IV-TR diagnosis (n = 1409) using voxel-based morphometry with subsequent subject-level regional characterization and distribution analyses. RESULTS Probands grouped by Biotype versus healthy controls showed a stepwise pattern of GMD reductions as follows: Biotype1, extensive and diffusely distributed GMD loss, with the largest effects in frontal, anterior/middle cingulate cortex, and temporal regions; Biotype2, intermediate and more localized reductions, with the largest effects in insula and frontotemporal regions; and Biotype3, small reductions localized to anterior limbic regions. Relatives showed regionally distinct GMD reductions versus healthy controls, with primarily anterior (frontotemporal) effects in Biotype1; posterior (temporo-parieto-cerebellar) in Biotype2; and normal GMD in Biotype3. Schizophrenia and schizoaffective probands versus healthy controls showed overlapping GMD reductions, with the largest effects in frontotemporal and parietal regions; psychotic bipolar probands had small reductions, primarily in frontal regions. GMD changes in relatives followed regional patterns observed in probands, albeit less extensive. Biotypes showed stronger between-group separation based on GMD than the conventional diagnoses and were the strongest predictor of GMD change. CONCLUSIONS GMD biomarkers depicted unique brain structure characteristics within Biotypes, consistent with their cognitive and sensorimotor profiles, and provided stronger discrimination for biologically driven biotypes than symptom-based diagnoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sina Aslan
- Advance MRI, LLC, Frisco,University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Bradley Witte
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | | | - Hanzhang Lu
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas,Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Godfrey D. Pearlson
- Institute of Living/Hartford Hospital, Hartford,Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Marsman A, Mandl RCW, Klomp DWJ, Cahn W, Kahn RS, Luijten PR, Hulshoff Pol HE. Intelligence and Brain Efficiency: Investigating the Association between Working Memory Performance, Glutamate, and GABA. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:154. [PMID: 28966597 PMCID: PMC5605555 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intelligence is a measure of general cognitive functioning capturing a wide variety of different cognitive functions. It has been hypothesized that the brain works to minimize the resources allocated toward higher cognitive functioning. Thus, for the intelligent brain, it may be that not simply more is better, but rather, more efficient is better. Energy metabolism supports both inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission processes. Indeed, in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, the primary energetic costs are associated with neurotransmission. We tested the hypothesis that minimizing resources through the excitation-inhibition balance encompassing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate may be beneficial to general cognitive functioning using 7 T 1H-MRS in 23 healthy individuals (male/female = 16/7, 27.7 ± 5.3 years). We find that a higher working memory index is significantly correlated with a lower GABA to glutamate ratio in the frontal cortex and with a lower glutamate level in the occipital cortex. Thus, it seems that working memory performance is associated with the excitation-inhibition balance in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Marsman
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - René C W Mandl
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dennis W J Klomp
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - René S Kahn
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter R Luijten
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Raab K, Kirsch P, Mier D. Understanding the impact of 5-HTTLPR, antidepressants, and acute tryptophan depletion on brain activation during facial emotion processing: A review of the imaging literature. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:176-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
16
|
Hedman AM, van Haren NEM, van Baal GCM, Brouwer RM, Brans RGH, Schnack HG, Kahn RS, Hulshoff Pol HE. Heritability of cortical thickness changes over time in twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2016. [PMID: 26215507 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortical thickness and surface area changes have repeatedly been found in schizophrenia. Whether progressive loss in cortical thickness and surface area are mediated by genetic or disease related factors is unknown. Here we investigate to what extent genetic and/or environmental factors contribute to the association between change in cortical thickness and surface area and liability to develop schizophrenia. METHOD Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study over a 5-year interval. Monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia were compared with healthy control twin pairs using repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). Twins discordant for schizophrenia and healthy control twins were recruited from the twin cohort at the University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands. A total of 90 individuals from 46 same sex twin pairs were included: 9 MZ and 10 DZ discordant for schizophrenia and 14 MZ and 13 (11 complete and 2 incomplete) DZ healthy twin-pairs. Age varied between 19 and 57years. RESULTS Higher genetic liability for schizophrenia was associated with progressive global thinning of the cortex, particularly of the left superior temporal cortex. Higher environmental liability for schizophrenia was associated with global attenuated thinning of the cortex, and including of the left superior temporal cortex. Cortical surface area change was heritable, but not significantly associated with higher genetic or environmental liability for schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Excessive cortical thinning, particularly of the left superior temporal cortex, may represent a genetic risk marker for schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Hedman
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, A01.126, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, A01.126, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G Caroline M van Baal
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, A01.126, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel M Brouwer
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, A01.126, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel G H Brans
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, A01.126, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo G Schnack
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, A01.126, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René S Kahn
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, A01.126, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, A01.126, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Seitz J, Zuo JX, Lyall AE, Makris N, Kikinis Z, Bouix S, Pasternak O, Fredman E, Duskin J, Goldstein JM, Petryshen TL, Mesholam-Gately RI, Wojcik J, McCarley RW, Seidman LJ, Shenton ME, Koerte IK, Kubicki M. Tractography Analysis of 5 White Matter Bundles and Their Clinical and Cognitive Correlates in Early-Course Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:762-71. [PMID: 27009248 PMCID: PMC4838095 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tractography is the most anatomically accurate method for delineating white matter tracts in the brain, yet few studies have examined multiple tracts using tractography in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). We analyze 5 white matter connections important in the pathophysiology of SCZ: uncinate fasciculus, cingulum bundle (CB), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), superior longitudinal fasciculus, and arcuate fasciculus (AF). Additionally, we investigate the relationship between diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) markers and neuropsychological measures. METHODS High-resolution DTI data were acquired on a 3 Tesla scanner in 30 patients with early-course SCZ and 30 healthy controls (HC) from the Boston Center for Intervention Development and Applied Research study. After manually guided tracts delineation, fractional anisotropy (FA), trace, radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) were calculated and averaged along each tract. The association of DTI measures with the Scales for the Assessment of Negative and Positive Symptoms and neuropsychological measures was evaluated. RESULTS Compared to HC, patients exhibited reduced FA and increased trace and RD in the right AF, CB, and ILF. A discriminant analysis showed the possible use of FA of these tracts for better future group membership classifications. FA and RD of the right ILF and AF were associated with positive symptoms while FA and RD of the right CB were associated with memory performance and processing speed. CONCLUSION We observed white matter alterations in the right CB, ILF, and AF, possibly caused by myelin disruptions. The structural abnormalities interact with cognitive performance, and are linked to clinical symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Seitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica X. Zuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Amanda E. Lyall
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;,Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA;,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Zora Kikinis
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;,Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;,Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eli Fredman
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jonathan Duskin
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jill M. Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA;,Department of Medicine, Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tracey L. Petryshen
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Human Genetic Research, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetic Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA;,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Raquelle I. Mesholam-Gately
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joanne Wojcik
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Robert W. McCarley
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA
| | - Larry J. Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA;,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Martha E. Shenton
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;,Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;,VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA
| | - Inga K. Koerte
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Schwarz E, Tost H, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Working memory genetics in schizophrenia and related disorders: An RDoC perspective. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:121-31. [PMID: 26365198 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Improved classification of mental disorders through neurobiological measures will require a set of traits that map to transdiagnostic subgroups of patients and align with heritable, core psychopathological processes at the center of the disorders of interest. A promising candidate is working memory (WM) function, for which deficits have been reported across multiple diagnostic entities including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, ADHD, autism, and major depressive disorder. Here we review genetic working memory associations and their brain functional correlates from the perspective of identifying patient subgroups across conventional diagnostic boundaries, explore the utility of multimodal investigations integrating functional information at the neural systems level and explore potential limitations as well as future directions for research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Schwarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Memory systems in schizophrenia: Modularity is preserved but deficits are generalized. Schizophr Res 2015; 168:223-30. [PMID: 26299707 PMCID: PMC4591239 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia patients exhibit impaired working and episodic memory, but this may represent generalized impairment across memory modalities or performance deficits restricted to particular memory systems in subgroups of patients. Furthermore, it is unclear whether deficits are unique from those associated with other disorders. METHOD Healthy controls (n=1101) and patients with schizophrenia (n=58), bipolar disorder (n=49) and attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder (n=46) performed 18 tasks addressing primarily verbal and spatial episodic and working memory. Effect sizes for group contrasts were compared across tasks and the consistency of subjects' distributional positions across memory domains was measured. RESULTS Schizophrenia patients performed poorly relative to the other groups on every test. While low to moderate correlation was found between memory domains (r=.320), supporting modularity of these systems, there was limited agreement between measures regarding each individual's task performance (ICC=.292) and in identifying those individuals falling into the lowest quintile (kappa=0.259). A general ability factor accounted for nearly all of the group differences in performance and agreement across measures in classifying low performers. CONCLUSIONS Pathophysiological processes involved in schizophrenia appear to act primarily on general abilities required in all tasks rather than on specific abilities within different memory domains and modalities. These effects represent a general shift in the overall distribution of general ability (i.e., each case functioning at a lower level than they would have if not for the illness), rather than presence of a generally low-performing subgroup of patients. There is little evidence that memory impairments in schizophrenia are shared with bipolar disorder and ADHD.
Collapse
|
20
|
Dell'Osso B, Cinnante C, Di Giorgio A, Cremaschi L, Palazzo MC, Cristoffanini M, Fazio L, Dobrea C, Avignone S, Triulzi F, Bertolino A, Altamura AC. Altered prefrontal cortex activity during working memory task in Bipolar Disorder: A functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging study in euthymic bipolar I and II patients. J Affect Disord 2015; 184:116-22. [PMID: 26074021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working memory (WM) deficits are among the most frequently impaired cognitive domains in patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD), being considered promising cognitive endophenotype of the disorder. However, the related neurobiological correlates still deserve further investigation. The present study was aimed to explore whether dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activity during WM processing was abnormal in euthymic bipolar patients and may represent a potential trait-related phenotype associated with the disorder. METHODS Using 3 Tesla functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (3T fMRI), we studied 28 euthymic bipolar patients (15 BDI and 13 BDII), and 27 healthy controls (HCs), matched for a series of socio-demographic variables, while performing the N-back task for WM assessment. RESULTS We found that euthymic bipolar patients showed increased right middle frontal gyrus engagement compared with HCs (FWE-corrected p = 1 × 10(-3)), regardless of WM load, and in spite of similar WM behavioral performance between groups. In particular, BDI patients had greater BOLD signal change compared to HCs (post-hoc Tukey HSD, p = 1 × 10(-3)), while BDII patients expressed an intermediate pattern of activation between BDI patients and HCs. No other significant effects were detected in the corrected whole-brain analysis. LIMITATIONS Sample size, cross-sectional assessment and potential influence of some clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS Results provide direct evidence of a primary physiological abnormality in DLPFC function in BDI and II, even in the absence of behavioral differences with HCs. Such exaggerated fMRI response suggests inefficient WM processing in prefrontal circuitry, and further studies are warranted to investigate whether the dysfunction is related to the genetic risk for the disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy; Bipolar Disorders Clinic, Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, CA, United States.
| | - Claudia Cinnante
- U.O. Neuroradiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Annabella Di Giorgio
- Servizio di Consulenza Psichiatrica, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Laura Cremaschi
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - M Carlotta Palazzo
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Cristoffanini
- U.O. Neuroradiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Leonardo Fazio
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, "Aldo Moro" University, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina Dobrea
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Sabrina Avignone
- U.O. Neuroradiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Triulzi
- U.O. Neuroradiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, "Aldo Moro" University, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; pRED, NORD DTA, F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Carlo Altamura
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhou Y, Fan L, Qiu C, Jiang T. Prefrontal cortex and the dysconnectivity hypothesis of schizophrenia. Neurosci Bull 2015; 31:207-19. [PMID: 25761914 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-014-1502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is hypothesized to arise from disrupted brain connectivity. This "dysconnectivity hypothesis" has generated interest in discovering whether there is anatomical and functional dysconnectivity between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and other brain regions, and how this dysconnectivity is linked to the impaired cognitive functions and aberrant behaviors of schizophrenia. Critical advances in neuroimaging technologies, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), make it possible to explore these issues. DTI affords the possibility to explore anatomical connectivity in the human brain in vivo and fMRI can be used to make inferences about functional connections between brain regions. In this review, we present major advances in the understanding of PFC anatomical and functional dysconnectivity and their implications in schizophrenia. We then briefly discuss future prospects that need to be explored in order to move beyond simple mapping of connectivity changes to elucidate the neuronal mechanisms underlying schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lamônica DAC, Gejão MG, Anastácio-Pessan FDL. Fenilcetonúria e habilidades de leitura e escrita. REVISTA CEFAC 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216201515313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: verificar o desempenho de indivíduos com fenilcetonúria, diagnosticados e tratados precocemente, quanto à leitura e escrita e correlacionar este desempenho com vocabulário receptivo e Quociente Intelectual. MÉTODOS: participaram 17 indivíduos com idade cronológica entre 7 e 14 anos. Todos cursavam escolas públicas do 2o ao 7o ano. Foram coletados dados dos prontuários sobre diagnóstico, tratamento, nível socioeconômico e escores do Quociente Intelectual e aplicados os instrumentos: Teste de Vocabulário por Imagem Peabody e Teste de Desempenho Escolar (subtestes de escrita e leitura). Os pais responderam questões sobre o contexto escolar. A análise estatística foi inferencial e foi aplicado o Teste de correlação de Pearson (p≤ 0,05). RESULTADOS: analisando os prontuários verificou-se que nenhum participante conseguiu manter os níveis de fenilalanina em índices normativos ao longo da vida; 29,41% foram diagnosticados com Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade, 41,17% apresentavam problemas de sono e 64,70% irritabilidade e negativismo. Nos subtestes de leitura e escrita, 23,53% obtiveram escores compatíveis com seu grau de escolaridade, em níveis médios ou acima; 41,18% obtiveram classificação inferior à média baixa na avaliação do vocabulário receptivo por meio do Teste de Vocabulário por Imagem Peabody. Houve correlação entre o desempenho nas provas de leitura e escrita e os escores de quociente intelectual e o desempenho no teste de vocabulário receptivo. CONCLUSÃO: embora os participantes tenham obtido escores normativos em quociente intelectual, apresentaram dificuldades no desempenho dos subtestes de leitura e escrita. Estudos adicionais são necessários para a real compreensão das necessidades acadêmicas de indivíduos com fenilcetonúria.
Collapse
|
23
|
Park S, Gooding DC. WORKING MEMORY IMPAIRMENT AS AN ENDOPHENOTYPIC MARKER OF A SCHIZOPHRENIA DIATHESIS. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2014; 1:127-136. [PMID: 25414816 PMCID: PMC4234058 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the viability of working memory impairment as an endophenotypic marker of a schizophrenia diathesis. It begins with an introduction of the construct of working memory. It follows with a review of the operational criteria for defining an endophenotype. Research findings regarding the working memory performance of schizophrenia and schizophrenia-spectrum patients, first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls, are reviewed in terms of the criteria for being considered an endophenotypic marker. Special attention is paid to specific components of the working memory deficit (namely, encoding, maintenance, and manipulation), in terms of which aspects are likely to be the best candidates for endophenotypes. We consider the extant literature regarding working memory performance in bipolar disorder and major depression in order to address the issue of relative specificity to schizophrenia. Despite some unresolved issues, it appears that working memory impairment is a very promising candidate for an endophenotypic marker of a schizophrenia diathesis but not for mood disorders. Throughout this chapter, we identify future directions for research in this exciting and dynamic area of research and evaluate the contribution of working memory research to our understanding of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Park
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, 111, 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Diane C. Gooding
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Corresponding authors.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lage GM, Miranda DM, Romano-Silva MA, Campos SB, Albuquerque MR, Corrêa H, Malloy-Diniz LF. Association between the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism and manual aiming control in healthy subjects. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99698. [PMID: 24956262 PMCID: PMC4067272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prefrontal dopamine is catabolized by the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme. Current evidence suggests that the val/met single nucleotide polymorphism in the COMT gene can predict the efficiency of executive cognition in humans. Individuals carrying the val allele perform more poorly because less synaptic dopamine is available. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We investigated the influence of the COMT polymorphism on motor performance in a task that requires different executive functions. We administered a manual aiming motor task that was performed under four different conditions of execution by 111 healthy participants. Participants were grouped according to genotype (met/met, met/val, val/val), and the motor performance among groups was compared. Overall, the results indicate that met/met carriers presented lower levels of peak velocity during the movement trajectory than the val carriers, but met/met carriers displayed higher accuracy than the val carriers. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study found a significant association between the COMT polymorphism and manual aiming control. Few studies have investigated the genetics of motor control, and these findings indicate that individual differences in motor control require further investigation using genetic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme M. Lage
- Grupo de Estudo em Desenvolvimento Motor e Aprendizagem Motora (GEDAM), Departamento de Educação Física, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurociências Clínicas (LINC), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- INCT de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Débora M. Miranda
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurociências Clínicas (LINC), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- INCT de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco A. Romano-Silva
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurociências Clínicas (LINC), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- INCT de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Simone B. Campos
- INCT de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maicon R. Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurociências Clínicas (LINC), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- INCT de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Humberto Corrêa
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurociências Clínicas (LINC), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- INCT de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leandro F. Malloy-Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurociências Clínicas (LINC), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- INCT de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Heck A, Fastenrath M, Ackermann S, Auschra B, Bickel H, Coynel D, Gschwind L, Jessen F, Kaduszkiewicz H, Maier W, Milnik A, Pentzek M, Riedel-Heller SG, Ripke S, Spalek K, Sullivan P, Vogler C, Wagner M, Weyerer S, Wolfsgruber S, de Quervain DJF, Papassotiropoulos A. Converging genetic and functional brain imaging evidence links neuronal excitability to working memory, psychiatric disease, and brain activity. Neuron 2014; 81:1203-1213. [PMID: 24529980 PMCID: PMC4205276 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Working memory, the capacity of actively maintaining task-relevant information during a cognitive task, is a heritable trait. Working memory deficits are characteristic for many psychiatric disorders. We performed genome-wide gene set enrichment analyses in multiple independent data sets of young and aged cognitively healthy subjects (n = 2,824) and in a large schizophrenia case-control sample (n = 32,143). The voltage-gated cation channel activity gene set, consisting of genes related to neuronal excitability, was robustly linked to performance in working memory-related tasks across ages and to schizophrenia. Functional brain imaging in 707 healthy participants linked this gene set also to working memory-related activity in the parietal cortex and the cerebellum. Gene set analyses may help to dissect the molecular underpinnings of cognitive dimensions, brain activity, and psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Heck
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Fastenrath
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Ackermann
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bianca Auschra
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Horst Bickel
- Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Munich, Germany
| | - David Coynel
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leo Gschwind
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurogenerative Diseases, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hanna Kaduszkiewicz
- Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurogenerative Diseases, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Annette Milnik
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Pentzek
- Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Klara Spalek
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA
| | - Christian Vogler
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurogenerative Diseases, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurogenerative Diseases, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominique J-F de Quervain
- Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform, University of Basel, CH-4012 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papassotiropoulos
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland; Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform, University of Basel, CH-4012 Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Haukvik UK, Rimol LM, Roddey JC, Hartberg CB, Lange EH, Vaskinn A, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Dale A, Agartz I. Normal birth weight variation is related to cortical morphology across the psychosis spectrum. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40:410-9. [PMID: 23419977 PMCID: PMC3932082 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbt005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal birth weight variation affects schizophrenia risk and cognitive performance in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Brain cortical anatomy is altered in psychotic disorders and in low birth weight subjects, but if birth weight variation relates to cortical morphology across the psychosis spectrum is not known. METHODS Magnetic Resonance Imaging brain scans and clinical-, neurocognitive-, and medical birth registry data were collected from 359 adults including patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia (n = 90, mean age 29.4±10.2 [95% CI], 62% male), bipolar disorder (n = 79, age 29.4±11.8, 39% male) or other psychosis (n = 40, age 26.3±10.0, 56% male), and healthy controls (n = 140, age 30.8±12.0,53% male). We explored the relationship between whole-range birth weight variation and cortical surface area and thickness and their possible associations to cognitive performance. RESULTS Across all groups, lower birth weight was associated with smaller total surface area (t = 3.87, P = .0001), within specific regions of the temporal, parietal, and frontal cortex bilaterally. There were no associations between birth weight and cortical thickness, and no diagnosis by birth weight interaction effects on cortical thickness or surface area. Smaller cortical area (t = 2.50, P = .013) and lower birth weight (t = 2.53, P = .012) were significantly related to poorer working memory performance in all diagnostic groups except schizophrenia. CONCLUSION Birth weight relates to adult cortical surface area, but not cortical thickness, in patients across the psychosis spectrum and in healthy controls. Cortical area appears to be a diagnosis-independent general marker of early neurodevelopment, with a dose-response association to normal birth weight variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Unn K. Haukvik
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; ,K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; PO Box 85 Vinderen, 0319 Oslo, Norway; tel: +47 22029800, fax: +47 22495862, e-mail:
| | - Lars M. Rimol
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; ,K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J. Cooper Roddey
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Elisabeth H. Lange
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; ,K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja Vaskinn
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Dale
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA;,Department of Radiology, University of CaliforniaSan Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; ,K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Brodziak A, Brewczyński A, Bajor G. Clinical significance of knowledge about the structure, function, and impairments of working memory. Med Sci Monit 2013; 19:327-38. [PMID: 23645218 PMCID: PMC3659070 DOI: 10.12659/msm.883900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A review of contemporary research on the working memory system (WMS) is important, both due to the need to focus the discussion on further necessary investigations on the structure and function of this key part of the human brain, as well as to share this knowledge with clinicians. In our introduction we try to clarify the actual terminology and provide an intuitively understandable model for 3 basic cognitive operations: perception, recognition, imagery, and manipulation of recalled mental images. We emphasize the importance of knowledge of the structure and function of the WMS for the possibility to demonstrate the links between genetic polymorphisms and the prevalence to some mental disorders. We also review current knowledge of working memory dysfunction in the most common diseases and specific clinical situations such as maturation and aging. Finally, we briefly discuss methods for assessment of WMS capacity. This article establishes a kind of compendium of knowledge for clinicians who are not familiar with the structure and operation of the WMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Brodziak
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716;
- Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61820
| | - Brigitte Rockstroh
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang JY, Hessl D, Iwahashi C, Cheung K, Schneider A, Hagerman RJ, Hagerman PJ, Rivera SM. Influence of the fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) gene on the brain and working memory in men with normal FMR1 alleles. Neuroimage 2012; 65:288-98. [PMID: 23063447 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene plays an important role in the development and maintenance of neuronal circuits that are essential for cognitive functioning. We explored the functional linkage(s) among lymphocytic FMR1 gene expression, brain structure, and working memory in healthy adult males. We acquired T1-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging from 37 males (18-80 years, mean ± SD= 40.7 ± 17.3 years) with normal FMR1 alleles and performed genetic and working memory assessments. Brain measurements were obtained from fiber tracts important for working memory (i.e. the arcuate fasciculus, anterior cingulum bundle, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and the genu and anterior body of the corpus callosum), individual voxels, and whole brain. Both FMR1 mRNA and protein (FMRP) levels exhibited significant associations with brain measurements, with FMRP correlating positively with gray matter volume and white matter structural organization, and FMR1 mRNA negatively with white matter structural organization. The correlation was widespread, impacting rostral white matter and 2 working-memory fiber tracts for FMRP, and all cerebral white matter areas except the fornix and cerebellar peduncles and all 4 fiber tracts for FMR1 mRNA. In addition, the levels of FMR1 mRNA as well as the fiber tracts demonstrated a significant correlation with working memory performance. While FMR1 mRNA exhibited a negative correlation with working memory, fiber tract structural organization showed a positive correlation. These findings suggest that the FMR1 gene is a genetic factor common for both working memory and brain structure, and has implications for our understanding of the transmission of intelligence and brain structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yi Wang
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|