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Hajikarimloo B, Kavousi S, Jahromi GG, Mehmandoost M, Oraee-Yazdani S, Fahim F. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy as an Alternative Therapeutic Option for Radiation-Induced Necrosis Following Radiotherapy for Intracranial Pathologies. World Neurosurg 2024; 186:51-61. [PMID: 38325705 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.01.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy (RT) is a feasible adjuvant therapeutic option for managing intracranial pathologies. One of the late complications of RT that frequently develops within months following RT is radiation necrosis (RN). Corticosteroids are the first-line therapeutic option for RNs; however, in case of unfavorable outcomes or intolerability, several other options, including bevacizumab, laser interstitial thermal therapy, surgery, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Our goal was to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of the application of HBOT in RNs following RT and help physicians make decisions based on the latest data in the literature. METHODS We provide a comprehensive review of the literature on the current issues of utilization of HBOT in RNs. RESULTS We included 11 studies with a total of 46 patients who underwent HBOT. Most of the cases were diagnosed with brain tumors or arteriovenous malformations. Improvement was achieved in most of the cases. DISCUSSION HBOT is a noninvasive therapeutic intervention that can play a role in adjuvant therapy concurrent with RT and chemotherapy and treating RNs. HBOT resolves the RN through 3 mechanisms, including angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory modulation, and cellular repair. Previous studies demonstrated that HBOT is a feasible and well-tolerated therapeutic option that has shown promising results in improving clinical and radiological outcomes in intracranial RNs. Complications of HBOT are usually mild and reversible. CONCLUSIONS HBOT is a feasible and effective therapeutic option in steroid-refractory RNs and is associated with favorable outcomes and a low rate of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bardia Hajikarimloo
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neurosurgery, Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Kavousi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Ghaffaripour Jahromi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mehmandoost
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Oraee-Yazdani
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neurosurgery, Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzan Fahim
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neurosurgery, Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
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Allam EAH, Assi AA, Badary DM, Farrag MMY, Nicola MA. Memantine versus Ginkgo biloba Extract: A Comparative Study on Cognitive Dysfunction Treatment in a Novel Rat Model. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:286-297. [PMID: 38286405 DOI: 10.1055/a-2245-3624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular senile plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles are two devastating brain proteinopathies that are indicative of Alzheimer's disease, the most prevalent type of dementia. Currently, no effective medications are available to stop or reverse Alzheimer's disease. Ginkgo biloba extract, commonly referred to as EGb 761, is a natural product made from the leaves of the G. biloba tree. It has long been demonstrated to have therapeutic benefits in Alzheimer's disease. The current study assessed the beneficial effects of EGb 761 against Alzheimer's disease in comparison with memantine, a standard treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The scopolamine-heavy metals mixture rat Alzheimer's disease model is a newly created model to study the effects of EGb 761 oral therapy on cognitive performance and other Alzheimer's disease-like changes over a 28-day experimental period. This new Alzheimer's disease model provides better criteria for Alzheimer's disease hallmarks than the conventional scopolamine model. The EGb 761 reversed memory and learning deficits induced by the scopolamine-heavy metals mixture. These outcomes were linked to a more pronounced inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase, caspase-3, hippocampal amyloid-beta protein (Aβ1 - 42), phosphorylated tau protein counts, and proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β) compared to the memantine-treated group. Furthermore, EGb 761 treatment considerably reduced lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and improved reduced glutathione levels compared to memantine. Our results suggest EGb 761's potential in treating central nervous system disorders. It's a promising candidate for future Alzheimer's disease therapeutic exploration. This study also highlights the need for future research to focus on the positive benefits of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essmat A H Allam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Azim Assi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Dalia M Badary
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Magda M Y Farrag
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mariam A Nicola
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Lin G, Zhao L, Lin J, Li X, Xu L. Clinical evidence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1360148. [PMID: 38577491 PMCID: PMC10991696 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1360148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the potential benefits of hyperbaric oxygen intervention on people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on the existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods A systematic search was conducted in nine databases until November 17, 2023, for RCTs assessing the effect of hyperbaric oxygen intervention for AD. The primary outcomes included Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-Cog), activities of daily living (ADL), and adverse events. All results were shown in forest plots, and sensitivity analysis was adopted to further verify the robustness of the pooled results. Results A total of 11 RCTs recruiting 847 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Based on the pooled evidence, hyperbaric oxygen could remarkably ameliorate MMSE [MD = 3.08, 95%CI (2.56, 3.61), p < 0.00001], ADAS-Cog [MD = -4.53, 95%CI (-5.05, -4.00), p < 0.00001], ADL [MD = 10.12, 95%CI (4.46, 15.79), p = 0.0005], MDA levels [SMD = -2.83, 95%CI (-5.27, -0.38), p = 0.02], SOD levels [SMD = 2.12, 95%CI (1.10, 3.15), p < 0.0001], IL-1-β levels [SMD = -1.00, 95%CI (-1.48, -0.53), p < 0.0001], and TGF-β1 levels [MD = 4.87, 95%CI (3.98, 5.76), p < 0.00001] without adverse events [OR = 1.17, 95%CI (0.68, 2.03), p = 0.58] for people with AD. The pooled results were robust after checking by sensitivity analysis. Conclusion These evidences suggest that hyperbaric oxygen is an effective and safe intervention for the treatment of AD. Further studies with more rigorous design will help to fully evaluate the clinical value of hyperbaric oxygen on cognition function in people with AD. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk, identifier CRD42023483726.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lianwei Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hai Y, Ren K, Zhang Y, Yang L, Cao H, Yuan X, Su L, Li H, Feng X, Liu D. HIF-1α serves as a co-linker between AD and T2DM. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116158. [PMID: 38242039 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related brain deterioration is linked to the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) features hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. Hypoxia as a common risk factor for both AD and T2DM. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) acts as the main regulator of the hypoxia response and may be a key target in the comorbidity of AD and T2DM. HIF-1α expression is closely related to hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Tissue oxygen consumption disrupts HIF-1α homeostasis, leading to increased reactive oxygen species levels and the inhibition of insulin receptor pathway activity, causing neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, abnormal Aβ deposition, and tau hyperphosphorylation. HIF-1α activation also leads to the deposition of Aβ by promoting the abnormal shearing of amyloid precursor protein and inhibiting the degradation of Aβ, and it promotes tau hyperphosphorylation by activating oxidative stress and the activation of astrocytes, which further exasperates AD. Therefore, we believe that HIF-α has great potential as a target for the treatment of AD. Importantly, the intracellular homeostasis of HIF-1α is a more crucial factor than its expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hai
- Scientific Research and Experimental Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
| | - Ke Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yarong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Lili Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Haoshi Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Xianxia Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Linling Su
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Hailong Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Scientific Research and Experimental Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Dongling Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Northwest Collaborative Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Gansu Pharmaceutical Industry Innovation Research Institute, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
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Liu GZ, Niu TT, Yu Q, Xu BL, Li XQ, Yuan BY, Yuan GB, Yang TT, Li HQ, Sun Y. Ginkgolide attenuates memory impairment and neuroinflammation by suppressing the NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway in Alzheimer's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:10237-10252. [PMID: 37793010 PMCID: PMC10599747 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the neuroinflammatory pathway of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study is to explore the roles and underlying mechanisms of ginkgolide (Baiyu®) on amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1) transgenic mice and a murine microglial cell line, BV-2. In the present study, the APP/PS1 mice were administered with ginkgolide, followed by a Morris water maze test. The mice were then euthanized to obtain brain tissue for histological and Aβ analysis. Additionally, BV-2 cells were pretreated with ginkgolide and then incubated with Aβ1-42 peptide. NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 mRNA and protein expression in brain tissue of mice and BV-2 cells were quantified by real-time PCR and western blotting, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels by lucigenin technique and ELISA. Compared with the APP/PS1 mice, ginkgolide-treated mice demonstrated the shortened escape latency, reduced plaques, less inflammatory cell infiltration and neuron loss in the hippocampi of APP/PS1 mice. The levels of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, ROS, IL-1β, and IL-18 were also decreased in the brain tissue of APP/PS1 mice or Aβ1-42-treated BV-2 cells following ginkgolide treatment. Ginkgolide exerted protective effects on AD, at least partly by inactivating the NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tian-Tong Niu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Beijing D.A. Medical Laboratory, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Bao-Lei Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guo-Bin Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui-Qin Li
- Research and Development Centre, Chengdu Baiyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Research and Development Centre, Chengdu Baiyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu 611130, China
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Assi AA, Farrag MMY, Badary DM, Allam EAH, Nicola MA. Protective effects of curcumin and Ginkgo biloba extract combination on a new model of Alzheimer's disease. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1449-1464. [PMID: 36856916 PMCID: PMC10229698 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative illnesses, and yet, no workable treatments have been discovered to prevent or reverse AD. Curcumin (CUR), the major polyphenolic compound of turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizomes, and Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) are natural substances derived from conventional Chinese herbs that have long been shown to provide therapeutic advantages for AD. The uptake of curcumin into the brain is severely restricted by its low ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Meanwhile, GBE has been shown to improve BBB permeability. The present study evaluated the neuroprotective effects and pharmacokinetic profile of curcumin and GBE combination to find out whether GBE can enhance curcumin's beneficial effects in AD by raising its brain concentration. Results revealed that CUR + GBE achieved significantly higher levels of curcumin in the brain and plasma after 30 min and 1 h of oral administration, compared to curcumin alone, and this was confirmed by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The effect of combined oral treatment, for 28 successive days, on cognitive function and other AD-like alterations was studied in scopolamine-heavy metal mixtures (SCO + HMM) AD model in rats. The combination reversed at least, partially on the learning and memory impairment induced by SCO + HMM. This was associated with a more pronounced inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), caspase-3, hippocampal amyloid beta (Aβ1-42), and phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) count, and pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukine-1beta (IL-1β), as compared to the curcumin alone-treated group. Additionally, the combined treatment significantly decreased lipid peroxidation (MDA) and increased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), when compared with the curcumin alone. These findings support the concept that the combination strategy might be an alternative therapy in the management/prevention of neurological disorders. This study sheds light on a new approach for exploring new phyto-therapies for AD and emphasizes that more research should focus on the synergic effects of herbal drugs in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Azim Assi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, 71524
| | - Magda M Y Farrag
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, 71524
| | - Dalia M Badary
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Essmat A H Allam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Mariam A Nicola
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
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Le WD, Yang C, Yang Q, Xiang Y, Zeng XR, Xiao J. The neuroprotective effects of oxygen therapy in Alzheimer’s disease: a narrative review. Neural Regen Res 2023. [PMID: 35799509 PMCID: PMC9241400 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.343897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological disease that primarily affects the elderly. Drug therapy is the main strategy for AD treatment, but current treatments suffer from poor efficacy and a number of side effects. Non-drug therapy is attracting more attention and may be a better strategy for treatment of AD. Hypoxia is one of the important factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Multiple cellular processes synergistically promote hypoxia, including aging, hypertension, diabetes, hypoxia/obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, and traumatic brain injury. Increasing evidence has shown that hypoxia may affect multiple pathological aspects of AD, such as amyloid-beta metabolism, tau phosphorylation, autophagy, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial and synaptic dysfunction. Treatments targeting hypoxia may delay or mitigate the progression of AD. Numerous studies have shown that oxygen therapy could improve the risk factors and clinical symptoms of AD. Increasing evidence also suggests that oxygen therapy may improve many pathological aspects of AD including amyloid-beta metabolism, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, oxidative stress, neurotrophic factors, mitochondrial function, cerebral blood volume, and protein synthesis. In this review, we summarized the effects of oxygen therapy on AD pathogenesis and the mechanisms underlying these alterations. We expect that this review can benefit future clinical applications and therapy strategies on oxygen therapy for AD.
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Du X, Lou N, Hu S, Xiao R, Chu C, Huang Q, Lu L, Li S, Yang J. Anti-Aging of the Nervous System and Related Neurodegenerative Diseases With Chinese Herbal Medicine. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2023; 38:15333175231205445. [PMID: 37818604 PMCID: PMC10624054 DOI: 10.1177/15333175231205445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Human beings have always pursued a prolonged lifespan, while the aging of the nervous system is associated with a large variety of diseases. Pathological aging of the nervous system results in a series of neurodegenerative diseases and can cause disability and death in the elderly. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the prevention and treatment of nervous system aging. Chinese herbal medicines have a long history, featuring rich and safe ingredients, and have great potential for the development of anti-aging treatment. We searched the publications on PubMed with key words "anti-aging of the nervous system" and "Chinese herbal medicine" in recent 10 years, and found sixteen Chinese herbal medicines. Then by comparing their popularity of use as well as active components based on the research articles, five common Chinese herbal medicines namely Ginseng Radix, Lycii Fructus, Astragali Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma and Ginkgo Folium, were confirmed to be the most related to anti-nervous system aging and neural degenerative diseases. At the same time, the active ingredients, research models, action mechanisms and curative effects of these five common Chinese herbal medicines were reviewed. From the five common Chinese herbal medicines reviewed in this paper, many encouraging effects of Chinese herbal medicines on treating nervous system aging and related diseases were revealed and more potent herbs would be explored with the help of the proposed possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nanbin Lou
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sinan Hu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruopeng Xiao
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chu Chu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiankai Huang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
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González-Madrid A, Calfío C, González A, Lüttges V, Maccioni RB. Toward Prevention and Reduction of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:439-457. [PMID: 37807781 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Different investigations lead to the urgent need to generate validated clinical protocols as a tool for medical doctors to orientate patients under risk for a preventive approach to control Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, there is consensus that the combined effects of risk factors for the disease can be modified according to lifestyle, thus controlling at least 40% of cases. The other fraction of cases are derived from candidate genes and epigenetic components as a relevant factor in AD pathogenesis. At this point, it appears to be of critical relevance the search for molecular biomarkers that may provide information on probable pathological events and alert about early detectable risks to prevent symptomatic events of the disease. These precocious detection markers will then allow early interventions of non-symptomatic subjects at risk. Here, we summarize the status and potential avenues of prevention and highlight the usefulness of biological and reliable markers for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia González-Madrid
- International Center for Biomedicine - ICC and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Calfío
- International Center for Biomedicine - ICC and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea González
- International Center for Biomedicine - ICC and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Lüttges
- International Center for Biomedicine - ICC and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo B Maccioni
- International Center for Biomedicine - ICC and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Mensah-Kane P, Sumien N. The potential of hyperbaric oxygen as a therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. GeroScience 2022; 45:747-756. [PMID: 36525211 PMCID: PMC9886764 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization estimates that by the year 2040, neurodegenerative diseases will be the second leading cause of death in developed countries, overtaking cancer-related deaths and exceeded only by cardiovascular disease-related death. The search for interventions has therefore become paramount to alleviate some of this burden. Based on pathways affected in neurodegenerative diseases, hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) could be a good candidate. This therapy has been used for the past 50 years for conditions such as decompression sickness and wound healing and has been shown to have promising effects in conditions associated with neurodegeneration and functional impairments. The goal of this review was to explore the history of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, its uses, and benefits, and to evaluate its effectiveness as an intervention in treating neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we examined common mechanisms underlying the effects of HBOT in different neurodegenerative diseases, with a special emphasis on epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paapa Mensah-Kane
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX USA
| | - Nathalie Sumien
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
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11
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Li RL, Wang LY, Duan HX, Zhang Q, Guo X, Wu C, Peng W. Regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction induced cell apoptosis is a potential therapeutic strategy for herbal medicine to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:937289. [PMID: 36210852 PMCID: PMC9535092 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.937289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease is a progressive neurodegeneration caused by genetic and environmental factors. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD) are the three most common neurodegenerative diseases clinically. Unfortunately, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing year by year. However, the current available drugs have poor efficacy and large side effects, which brings a great burden to the patients and the society. Increasing evidence suggests that occurrence and development of the neurodegenerative diseases is closely related to the mitochondrial dysfunction, which can affect mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, as well as mitochondrial mitophagy. Through the disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis, nerve cells undergo varying degrees of apoptosis. Interestingly, it has been shown in recent years that the natural agents derived from herbal medicines are beneficial for prevention/treatment of neurodegenerative diseases via regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, in this review, we will focus on the potential therapeutic agents from herbal medicines for treating neurodegenerative diseases via suppressing apoptosis through regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction, in order to provide a foundation for the development of more candidate drugs for neurodegenerative diseases from herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu-Xinyue Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohui Guo, ; Chunjie Wu, ; Wei Peng,
| | - Chunjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohui Guo, ; Chunjie Wu, ; Wei Peng,
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohui Guo, ; Chunjie Wu, ; Wei Peng,
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12
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Ginsenoside and Its Therapeutic Potential for Cognitive Impairment. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091310. [PMID: 36139149 PMCID: PMC9496100 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI) is one of the major clinical features of many neurodegenerative diseases. It can be aging-related or even appear in non-central nerve system (CNS) diseases. CI has a wide spectrum that ranges from the cognitive complaint with normal screening tests to mild CI and, at its end, dementia. Ginsenosides, agents extracted from a key Chinese herbal medicine (ginseng), show great promise as a new therapeutic option for treating CI. This review covered both clinical trials and preclinical studies to summarize the possible mechanisms of how ginsenosides affect CI in different diseases. It shows that ginsenosides can modulate signaling pathways associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis. The involved signaling pathways mainly include the PI3K/Akt, CREB/BDNF, Keap1/Nrf2 signaling, and NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. We hope to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of CI for related diseases by ginsenosides.
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Burtscher J, Romani M, Bernardo G, Popa T, Ziviani E, Hummel FC, Sorrentino V, Millet GP. Boosting mitochondrial health to counteract neurodegeneration. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 215:102289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Can We Use Ginkgo biloba Extract to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease? Lessons from Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030479. [PMID: 35159288 PMCID: PMC8833923 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) has been widely used to treat central nervous system and cardiovascular diseases. Accumulating evidence has revealed the therapeutic potential of GBE against AD; however, no systematic evaluation has been performed; (2) Methods: a total of 17 preclinical studies and 20 clinical trials assessing the therapeutic effects of GBE against AD were identified from electronic databases. The data in the reports were extracted to conduct a meta-analysis of the AD-related pathological features or symptoms; (3) Results: For the preclinical reports, 45 animals treated with GBE, in six studies, were subjected to cognitive function assessments by the Morris water maze. GBE was shown to reduce the escape latencies in several studies, in both rats and mice (I2 > 70%, p < 0.005). For the clinical trials, eight trials, including 2100 individuals, were conducted. The results show that GBE improved the SKT and ADAS-Cog scores in early-stage AD patients after high doses and long-term administration; (4) Conclusions: GBE displayed generally consistent anti-AD effects in animal experiments, and it might improve AD symptoms in early-stage AD patients after high doses and long-term administration. A lack of sample size calculations and the poor quality of the methods are two obvious limitations of the studies. Nevertheless, the preclinical and clinical data suggest that further large-scale clinical trials may be needed in order to examine the effects of long-term GEB administration on early-stage AD.
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Mesenchymal stem cells after the proprocessing of tanshinone IIA attenuate cognitive deficits and oxidative stress injury in an amyloid β-peptide (25-35)-induced rodent model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroreport 2021; 33:61-71. [PMID: 34954772 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To verify whether mesenchymal stem cells cocultured with tanshinone IIA may ameliorate Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting oxidative stress. METHODS Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups named Sham, Aβ25-35, mesenchymal stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (tanshinone IIA). The rats were treated according to different groups. The neurobehavioral performance of Sprague-Dawley rats was evaluated via Morris water maze test. Histological changes were checked via hematoxylin-eosin staining. The levels of total antioxidant activity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and malondialdehyde in hippocampus were assayed by ELISA kit. The levels of Aβ, p-tau/tau, and p-AMP-activated protein kinase/AMP-activated protein kinase in hippocampus were checked by Western blot. RESULTS Our research showed that the injection of mesenchymal stem cells (tanshinone IIA) into the hippocampus alleviated learning and memory deficits and reduced hippocampal neuronal injury in the Alzheimer's disease rats. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells (tanshinone IIA) treatment suppressed oxidative stress, attenuated Aβ accumulation reduced Tau hyperphosphorylation, and enhanced the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase in the hippocampus of the Alzheimer's disease rats. However, there were almost no significant difference between the mesenchymal stem cells and Aβ25-35 groups. CONCLUSIONS Mesenchymal stem cells (tanshinone IIA) transplantation may be a potential treatment for curing Alzheimer's disease, which may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress.
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Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment: Effects on Mitochondrial Function and Oxidative Stress. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121827. [PMID: 34944468 PMCID: PMC8699286 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT)—the administration of 100% oxygen at atmospheric pressure (ATA) greater than 1 ATA—increases the proportion of dissolved oxygen in the blood five- to twenty-fold. This increase in accessible oxygen places the mitochondrion—the organelle that consumes most of the oxygen that we breathe—at the epicenter of HBOT’s effects. As the mitochondrion is also a major site for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), it is possible that HBOT will increase also oxidative stress. Depending on the conditions of the HBO treatment (duration, pressure, umber of treatments), short-term treatments have been shown to have deleterious effects on both mitochondrial activity and production of ROS. Long-term treatment, on the other hand, improves mitochondrial activity and leads to a decrease in ROS levels, partially due to the effects of HBOT, which increases antioxidant defense mechanisms. Many diseases and conditions are characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and imbalance between ROS and antioxidant scavengers, suggesting potential therapeutic intervention for HBOT. In the present review, we will present current views on the effects of HBOT on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress, the interplay between them and the implications for several diseases.
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Gottfried I, Schottlender N, Ashery U. Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment-From Mechanisms to Cognitive Improvement. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101520. [PMID: 34680155 PMCID: PMC8533945 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT)—the medical use of oxygen at environmental pressure greater than one atmosphere absolute—is a very effective therapy for several approved clinical situations, such as carbon monoxide intoxication, incurable diabetes or radiation-injury wounds, and smoke inhalation. In recent years, it has also been used to improve cognition, neuro-wellness, and quality of life following brain trauma and stroke. This opens new avenues for the elderly, including the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases and improvement of cognition and brain metabolism in cases of mild cognitive impairment. Alongside its integration into clinics, basic research studies have elucidated HBOT’s mechanisms of action and its effects on cellular processes, transcription factors, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Therefore, HBOT is becoming a major player in 21st century research and clinical treatments. The following review will discuss the basic mechanisms of HBOT, and its effects on cellular processes, cognition, and brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Gottfried
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (I.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Nofar Schottlender
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (I.G.); (N.S.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Uri Ashery
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (I.G.); (N.S.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-6409827
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Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia characterized by the progressive cognitive and social decline. Clinical drug targets have heavily focused on the amyloid hypothesis, with amyloid beta (Aβ), and tau proteins as key pathophysiologic markers of AD. However, no effective treatment has been developed so far, which prompts researchers to focus on other aspects of AD beyond Aβ, and tau proteins. Additionally, there is a mounting epidemiologic evidence that various environmental factors influence the development of dementia and that dementia etiology is likely heterogenous. In the past decades, new risk factors or potential etiologies have been widely studied. Here, we review several novel epidemiologic and clinical research developments that focus on sleep, hypoxia, diet, gut microbiota, and hearing impairment and their links to AD published in recent years. At the frontiers of AD research, these findings and updates could be worthy of further attention.
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Somaa F. A Review of the Application of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:1361-1367. [PMID: 33935095 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered as the most common cause of dementia in elderly population. While the exact mechanism of AD has not been discovered, hyperbolic oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been proven to be effective in the treatment of this degenerative disease. The objectives of this article are to review the literature available on molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying HBOT and its efficacy in treating AD and to review the effectiveness of HBOT as an alternate treatment intervention in both human and animal models. 391 full text articles were included in the review after literature search between 1980-2021 from two online data base (ScienceDirect and PubMed). The following key words were used: 'hyperbaric oxygen therapy' and 'Alzheimer disease.' Based on the outcomes of clinical and experimental studies, this review advocates the use of HBOT for the treatment of AD. This review explores future directions and recommends further research into a treatment protocol that will maintain long-term cognitive health of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Somaa
- Occupational Therapy Department, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Zhao J, Li K, Wang Y, Li D, Wang Q, Xie S, Wang J, Zuo Z. Enhanced anti-amnestic effect of donepezil by Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) via further improvement in pro-cholinergic and antioxidative activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113711. [PMID: 33352242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE EGb 761 is a standardized dry extract of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves traditionally used by Eastern Asia and has been associated with beneficial effects on neurodegeneration disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. AIM OF THE STUDY Since beneficial interactions between EGb 761 and donepezil have been observed in previous clinical studies, the current study was proposed aiming to further explore related mechanisms from both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics aspects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pharmacodynamic interactions were studied in scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment rats received two-weeks treatment of vehicle, EGb 761 and/or donepezil by the Morris water maze test and ex vivo evaluation of biomarkers of cholinergic transmission and oxidative stress in rat brain. In the meantime, pharmacokinetic profiles of donepezil and bilobalide were obtained and compared among all treatment groups. In addition, impact of the bioavailable EGb 761 components on donepezil brain penetration was evaluated with the hCMEC/D3 cell monolayer model. RESULTS Scopolamine-induced rats with co-treatment of EGb 761 and donepezil had significantly improved cognitive function in the Morris water maze test with increased brain levels of superoxide dismutase and decreased brain levels of acetylcholinesterase and malondialdehyde than that with treatment of only EGb 761 or donepezil. Despite such beneficial pharmacodynamics outcomes, the two-week co-treatment of EGb 761 and donepezil did not alter the plasma pharmacokinetics and brain uptake of donepezil or bilobalide, which was further verified in the hCMEC/D3 monolayer model. CONCLUSION Co-administration of EGb 761 and donepezil exerted better anti-amnestic effect via further enhanced pro-cholinergic and antioxidative effects of EGb 761 or donepezil in scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment rat without alteration in their systemic/brain exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Kun Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Qianwen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Shengsheng Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
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Jin X, Guo JL, Wang L, Zhong X, Yao WF, Gao H, Liu MY. Natural products as pharmacological modulators of mitochondrial dysfunctions for the treatments of Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113401. [PMID: 33831779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal loss and cognitive impairment that harshly affect the elderly individuals. Currently, the available anti-AD pharmacological approaches are purely symptomatic to alleviate AD symptoms, and the curative effects of novel anti-AD drugs focused on Aβ target are disappointing. Hence, there is a tremendous need to adjust AD therapeutic targets and discover novel anti-AD agents. In AD, mitochondrial dysfunction gradually triggers neuronal death from different aspects and worsens the occurrence and progress of AD. Consequently, it has been proposed that the intervention of impaired mitochondria represents an attractive breakthrough point for AD treatments. Due to chemical diversity, poly-pharmacological activities, few adverse effects and multiple targeting, natural products (NPs) have been identified as a valuable treasure for drug discovery and development. Multiple lines of studies have scientifically proven that NPs display ameliorative benefits in AD treatment in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction. This review surveys the complicated implications for mitochondrial dysregulation and AD, and then summarizes the potentials of NPs and their underlying molecular mechanisms against AD via reducing or improving mitochondrial dysfunction. It is expected that this work may open the window to speed up the development of innovative anti-AD drugs originated from NPs and improve upcoming AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Ling Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-Fan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Division of Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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22
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Yao ZH, Wang J, Yuan JP, Xiao K, Zhang SF, Xie YC, Mei JH. EGB761 ameliorates chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced cognitive dysfunction and synaptic plasticity impairment. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9522-9541. [PMID: 33539323 PMCID: PMC8064192 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) may lead to the cognitive dysfunction, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. EGB761, extracted from Ginkgo biloba and as a phytomedicine widely used in the world, has been showed to have various neuroprotective roles and mechanisms, and therapeutic effects in Alzheimer’s disease and other cognitive dysfunctions. However, improvements in cognitive function after CCH, following treatment with EGB761, have not been ascertained yet. In this study, we used the behavior test, electrophysiology, neurobiochemistry, and immunohistochemistry to investigate the EGB761’s effect on CCH-induced cognitive dysfunction and identify its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that EGB761 ameliorates spatial cognitive dysfunction occurring after CCH. It may also improve impairment of the long-term potentiation, field excitable potential, synaptic transmission, and the transmission synchronization of neural circuit signals between the entorhinal cortex and hippocampal CA1. EGB761 may also reverse the inhibition of neural activity and the degeneration of dendritic spines and synaptic structure after CCH; it also prevents the downregulation of synaptic proteins molecules and pathways related to the formation and stability of dendritic spines structures. EGB761 may inhibit axon demyelination and ameliorate the inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway after CCH to improve protein synthesis. In conclusion, EGB761 treatment after CCH may improve spatial cognitive function by ameliorating synaptic plasticity impairment, synapse degeneration, and axon demyelination by rectifying the inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Yao
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Chun Xie
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Hua Mei
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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23
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Wu W, He X, Xie S, Li B, Chen J, Qu Y, Li B, Lei M, Liu X. Protective effects of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang against A β25-35-induced memory deficits and oxidative stress in rats. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060519893859. [PMID: 32223685 PMCID: PMC7133406 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519893859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT), a traditional Chinese medicine, improves cognitive ability in rat models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of HLJDT on learning and memory impairment that are caused by Aβ25–35. Methods Rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: control (water), Aβ25–35, donepezil hydrochloride 1.05 mg/kg, HLJDT 6 g/kg, HLJDT 3 g/kg, and HLJDT 1.5 g/kg and the corresponding drugs were administered for 28 days by oral gavage. HLJDT for the prevention of Aβ25–35-induced injury in rats and the underlying mechanisms were assessed. Aβ25–35 and amyloid precursor protein (APP) levels were measured in the hippocampal specimens. Total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the hippocampus were also measured. The ultrastructure of CA1 hippocampal region was observed using electron microscopy. Results HLJDT treatment ameliorated impaired learning and memory significantly, decreased Aβ25–35, and APP levels in the hippocampus, increased T-SOD and GSH activity and decreased the MDA concentration, and alleviated the nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities of the hippocampal CA 1 region that were induced by Aβ25–35 injection. Conclusions HLJDT might decrease hippocampal vulnerability to Aβ25–35, suggesting its potential neuroprotective effect in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Wu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing He
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Shuling Xie
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jinxin Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yanqin Qu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Baiyang Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ming Lei
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xuehui Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
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24
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Tu JL, Chen WP, Cheng ZJ, Zhang G, Luo QH, Li M, Liu X. EGb761 ameliorates cell necroptosis by attenuating RIP1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production in both in vivo and in vitro models of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2020; 1736:146730. [PMID: 32081533 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the neuroprotective effect of Gingko biloba extract 761 (EGb761) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models both in vivo and in vitro and the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Cultured BV2 microglial cells were treated with Aβ1-42 to establish an in vitro AD model. The in vivo rat AD model was established by injecting Aβ1-42. Cells were pre-treated with EGb761, and the proliferation and necroptosis were examined by MTT or flow cytometry assays, respectively. In addition, the membrane potential and oxidative stress were measured. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Morris water maze, and the activation of the JNK signaling pathway was quantified by Western blotting. RESULTS Cultured BV2 cells exhibited prominent cell death after Aβ1-42 induction, and this cell death was alleviated by EGb761 pre-treatment. EGb761 was found to relieve oxidative stress and suppress the membrane potential and calcium overload. EGb761 treatment in AD model rats also improved cognitive function deficits. Both cultured microglial cells and the rat hippocampus exhibited activation of the JNK signaling pathway, and EGb761 relieved this activation in cells. CONCLUSION Our results showed that EGb761 regulated cell proliferation, suppressed necroptosis and apoptosis, relieved mitochondrial damage, and ameliorated tissue damage to improve cognitive function in AD models. All of these effects may involve the suppression of the JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Long Tu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
| | - Wei-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Juan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, JiangXi Mental Hospital, Nanchang 330029, PR China
| | - Qing-Hua Luo
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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25
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Cenini G, Voos W. Mitochondria as Potential Targets in Alzheimer Disease Therapy: An Update. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:902. [PMID: 31507410 PMCID: PMC6716473 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive and deleterious neurodegenerative disorder that affects mostly the elderly population. At the moment, no effective treatments are available in the market, making the whole situation a compelling challenge for societies worldwide. Recently, novel mechanisms have been proposed to explain the etiology of this disease leading to the new concept that AD is a multifactor pathology. Among others, the function of mitochondria has been considered as one of the intracellular processes severely compromised in AD since the early stages and likely represents a common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. Many mitochondrial parameters decline already during the aging, reaching an extensive functional failure concomitant with the onset of neurodegenerative conditions, although the exact timeline of these events is still unclear. Thereby, it is not surprising that mitochondria have been already considered as therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative diseases including AD. Together with an overview of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction, this review examines the pros and cons of the tested therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondria in the context of AD. Since mitochondrial therapies in AD have shown different degrees of progress, it is imperative to perform a detailed analysis of the significance of mitochondrial deterioration in AD and of a pharmacological treatment at this level. This step would be very important for the field, as an effective drug treatment in AD is still missing and new therapeutic concepts are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Cenini
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Voos
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Esparza JL, Gómez M, Domingo JL. Role of Melatonin in Aluminum-Related Neurodegenerative Disorders: a Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 188:60-67. [PMID: 29732485 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al), a potentially neurotoxic element, provokes various adverse effects on human health such as dialysis dementia, osteomalacia, and microcytic anemia. It has been also associated with serious neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinsonism dementia of Guam. The "aluminum hypothesis" of AD assumes that the metal complexes can potentiate the rate of aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ), enhancing the toxicity of this peptide, and being able of contributing to the pathogenesis of AD. It has been supported by a number of analytical, epidemiological, and neurotoxicological studies. On the other hand, melatonin (Mel) is a potent direct free radical scavenger and indirect antioxidant, which acts increasing the activity of important related antioxidant enzymes, and preventing oxidative stress and cell death of neurons exposed to Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, Mel might be useful in the treatment of AD by reducing the Aβ generation and by inhibiting mitochondrial cell death pathways. The present review on the role of Mel in Al-related neurodegenerative disorders concludes that the protective effects of this hormone, together with its low toxicity, support the administration of Mel as a potential supplement in the treatment of neurological disorders, in which oxidative stress is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Esparza
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gómez
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
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Zheng H, Su Y, Sun Y, Tang T, Zhang D, He X, Wang J. Echinacoside alleviates hypobaric hypoxia‐induced memory impairment in C57 mice. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1150-1160. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongnan Zheng
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of PharmacyFourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Yuting Su
- School of New Media ArtXi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an China
| | - Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacyFourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Tianle Tang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacyFourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of PharmacyXijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Xuefeng He
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of PharmacyFourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of PharmacyFourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
- Product R & D DepartmentSichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
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28
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Kuo LC, Song YQ, Yao CA, Cheng IH, Chien CT, Lee GC, Yang WC, Lin Y. Ginkgolide A Prevents the Amyloid-β-Induced Depolarization of Cortical Neurons. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:81-89. [PMID: 30541279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist as a strategy, memantine is the only agent available for clinically treating mild to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our aim was to develop novel similar herb-based drugs. Using a screening platform, ginkgolide A (GA), a pure compound extracted from Ginkgo biloba, was found to attenuate amyloid β (Aβ)-induced abnormal depolarization in mouse primary cortical neurons. Using receptor agonists, it was determined that GA inhibits both NMDA receptors and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors. Furthermore, the Aβ-induced increase in c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation in neurons was prevented by GA. Body weight, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, liver histology, and kidney histology were similar when the wild-type/AD animal model mice with and without GA treatment were compared. This pure compound improves the memory of wild-type mice. Our findings indicate that GA has great potential clinically for the treatment of AD because it might target NMDA receptors just like memantine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chen Kuo
- Department of Life Science , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 116 , Taiwan
| | - Yan-Qing Song
- Department of Life Science , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 116 , Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Yao
- Department of Life Science , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 116 , Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Irene H Cheng
- Institute of Brain Science , National Yang-Ming University , Taipei 112 , Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chien
- Department of Life Science , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 116 , Taiwan
| | - Guan-Chiun Lee
- Department of Life Science , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 116 , Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| | - Yenshou Lin
- Department of Life Science , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 116 , Taiwan
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Lee SY, Chiu YJ, Yang SM, Chen CM, Huang CC, Lee-Chen GJ, Lin W, Chang KH. Novel synthetic chalcone-coumarin hybrid for Aβ aggregation reduction, antioxidation, and neuroprotection. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:1286-1298. [PMID: 30596401 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggregation of misfolded amyloid β (Aβ) in senile plaques causes oxidative stress and neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Compounds possessing antiaggregation and antioxidant properties are promising candidate compounds for AD treatment. METHODS We examined the potential of synthetic derivatives of licochalcone A and coumarin for inhibiting Aβ aggregation, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and providing neuroprotection by using biochemical assays and Tet-On Aβ-GFP 293/SH-SY5Y cell models for AD. RESULTS Among test compounds, LM-031, a novel chalcone-coumarin hybrid, inhibited Aβ aggregation and scavenged free oxygen radicals. LM-031 markedly reduced Aβ misfolding and ROS as well as promoted neurite outgrowth and inhibited acetylcholinesterase in Tet-On Aβ-GFP 293/SH-SY5Y cells. Mechanistic studies showed upregulation of the HSPB1 chaperone, NRF2/NQO1/GCLC pathway, and CREB/BDNF/BCL2 pathway. Decreased neurite outgrowth upon the induction of Aβ-GFP was rescued by LM-031, which was counteracted by knockdown of HSPB1, NRF2, or CREB. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings demonstrate that LM-031 exhibited antiaggregation, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects against Aβ toxicity by enhancing HSPB1 and the NRF2-related antioxidant pathway as well as by activating the CREB-dependent survival and antiapoptosis pathway. These results imply that LM-031 may be a new therapeutic compound for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ying Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jen Chiu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Bader BM, Jügelt K, Schultz L, Schroeder OHU. Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) Leaf Extract Medications From Different Providers Exhibit Differential Functional Effects on Mouse Frontal Cortex Neuronal Networks. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:848. [PMID: 30123130 PMCID: PMC6085676 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Details of the extraction and purification procedure can have a profound impact on the composition of plant-derived extracts, and thus on their efficacy and safety. So far, studies with head-to-head comparison of the pharmacology of Ginkgo extracts rendered by different procedures have been rare. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore whether Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) leaf extract medications of various sources protect against amyloid beta toxicity on primary mouse cortex neurons growing on microelectrode arrays, and whether the effects differ between different Ginkgo extracts. Design: Our brain-on-chip platform integrates microelectrode array data recorded on neuronal tissue cultures from embryonic mouse cortex. Amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) and various Ginkgo extract preparations were added to the networks in vitro before evaluation of electrophysiological parameters by multi-parametric analysis. A Multi-variate data analysis, called Effect Score, was designed to compare effects between different products. Results: The results show that Ginkgo extracts protected against Aβ42-induced electrophysiological alterations. Different Ginkgo extracts exhibited different effects. Of note, the reference Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) leaf medication Tebonin had the most pronounced rescuing effect. Conclusion: Here, we show for the first time a side-by-side analysis of a large number of Ginkgo medications in a relevant in vitro system modeling early functional effects induced by amyloid beta peptides on neuronal transmission and connectivity. Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) leaf extract from different manufactures exhibit differential functional effects in this neural network model. This in-depth analysis of functional phenotypes of neurons cultured on MEAs chips allows identifying optimal plant extract formulations protecting against toxin-induced functional effects in vitro.
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Neuroprotective Effect and Mechanism of Action of Tetramethylpyrazine Nitrone for Ischemic Stroke Therapy. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:97-111. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shapira R, Solomon B, Efrati S, Frenkel D, Ashery U. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy ameliorates pathophysiology of 3xTg-AD mouse model by attenuating neuroinflammation. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 62:105-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Che H, Li Q, Zhang T, Ding L, Zhang L, Shi H, Yanagita T, Xue C, Chang Y, Wang Y. A comparative study of EPA-enriched ethanolamine plasmalogen and EPA-enriched phosphatidylethanolamine on Aβ42 induced cognitive deficiency in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Food Funct 2018; 9:3008-3017. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00643a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The possible molecular mechanism of EPA-pPE and EPA-PE on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Che
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Lin Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Haohao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Department of Health and Nutrition Science
- Nishikyushu University
- Kanzaki
- Japan
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology
| | - Yaoguang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology
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Zhao X, Fang L, Liu D, Lai C, Zhang Y, Zhou A, Xie J. A glucogalactomannan isolated from Agaricus bisporus induces apoptosis in macrophages through the JNK/Bim/caspase 3 pathway. Food Funct 2018; 9:4771-4780. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00944a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Agaricus bisporus is one of the most important edible and medicinal mushrooms in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science
- Tianjin University of Commerce
- Tianjin 300134
- China
| | - Leilei Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science
- Tianjin University of Commerce
- Tianjin 300134
- China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology
| | - Danting Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases
- Cleveland State University
- Cleveland
- USA
| | - Changjiangsheng Lai
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100700
- China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science
- Tianjin University of Commerce
- Tianjin 300134
- China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology
| | - Aimin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases
- Cleveland State University
- Cleveland
- USA
| | - Junbo Xie
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science
- Tianjin University of Commerce
- Tianjin 300134
- China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology
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Rahman MR, Tajmim A, Ali M, Sharif M. Overview and Current Status of Alzheimer's Disease in Bangladesh. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2017; 1:27-42. [PMID: 30480227 PMCID: PMC6159651 DOI: 10.3233/adr-170012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder with economic, social, and medical burdens which is acknowledged as leading cause of dementia marked by the accumulation and aggregation of amyloid-β peptide and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) protein and concomitant dementia, neuron loss and brain atrophy. AD is the most prevalent neurodegenerative brain disorder with sporadic etiology, except for a small fraction of cases with familial inheritance where familial forms of AD are correlated to mutations in three functionally related genes: the amyloid-β protein precursor and presenilins 1 and 2, two key γ-secretase components. The common clinical features of AD are memory impairment that interrupts daily life, difficulty in accomplishing usual tasks, confusion with time or place, trouble understanding visual images and spatial relationships. Age is the most significant risk factor for AD, whereas other risk factors correlated with AD are hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, smoking, obesity, and diabetes. Despite decades of research, there is no satisfying therapy which will terminate the advancement of AD by acting on the origin of the disease process, whereas currently available therapeutics only provide symptomatic relief but fail to attain a definite cure and prevention. This review also represents the current status of AD in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashidur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Tajmim
- Department of Pharmacy, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore, Bangladesh
| | - Mostakim Sharif
- Department of Pharmacy, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore, Bangladesh
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Wang X, Zhang H, Liu J, Chen R, Tang Y, Chen H, Gu L, Li M, Cao S, Qin D, Wu J. Inhibitory Effect of Lychee Seed Saponins on Apoptosis Induced by Aβ 25-35 through Regulation of the Apoptotic and NF-κB Pathways in PC12 Cells. Nutrients 2017; 9:E337. [PMID: 28353652 PMCID: PMC5409676 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have shown that lychee seed saponins (LSS), isolated and extracted from traditional Chinese medicine lychee seeds, possess many beneficial activities including anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes, anti-AD, etc. In the present study, we established an in vitro neuronal apoptotic model of PC12 cells induced by Aβ25-35 and studied the effect of LSS on apoptosis by the methods of Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence double staining, Annexin V/PI double staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). We also investigated the effects of LSS on mitochondria membrane potential, the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins, and the mRNA expression and the nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65 in PC12 cells. The results showed that LSS markedly inhibited apoptosis, improved the mitochondria membrane potentials, upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 protein, downregulated the expression of Bax protein, and decreased the mRNA expression and nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65 in PC12 cells. The study demonstrated that LSS significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by Aβ25-35 via regulation of the apoptotic and NF-κB pathways in PC12 cells. Therefore, LSS has the potential to be developed as a novel agent or nutrient supplement for the prevention and/or treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Preclinical Medicine, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
- Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Haixia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Li Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Mao Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Shousong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Dalian Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Zhao B, Pan Y, Wang Z, Xu H, Song X. Hyperbaric Oxygen Pretreatment Improves Cognition and Reduces Hippocampal Damage Via p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in a Rat Model. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:131-138. [PMID: 27873505 PMCID: PMC5122628 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.1.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) pretreatment on cognitive decline and neuronal damage in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were divided into three groups: normal saline (NS), AD, and HBO+AD. In the AD group, amyloid β peptide (Aβ)₁₋₄₀ was injected into the hippocampal CA1 region of the brain. NS rats received NS injection. In the HBO+AD group, rats received 5 days of daily HBO therapy following Aβ₁₋₄₀ injection. Learning and memory capabilities were examined using the Morris water maze task. Neuronal damage and astrocyte activation were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Dendritic spine density was determined by Golgi-Cox staining. Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-10 production was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Neuron apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling. Protein expression was examined by western blotting. RESULTS Learning and memory dysfunction was ameliorated in the HBO+AD group, as shown by significantly lower swimming distances and escape latency, compared to the AD group. Lower rates of neuronal damage, astrocyte activation, dendritic spine loss, and hippocampal neuron apoptosis were seen in the HBO+AD than in the AD group. A lower rate of hippocampal p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation was observed in the HBO+AD than in the AD group. CONCLUSION HBO pretreatment improves cognition and reduces hippocampal damage via p38 MAPK in AD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baisong Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongying Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiping Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingrong Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Natural products against Alzheimer's disease: Pharmaco-therapeutics and biotechnological interventions. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 35:178-216. [PMID: 28043897 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe, chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with memory and cognition impairment ultimately leading to death. It is the commonest reason of dementia in elderly populations mostly affecting beyond the age of 65. The pathogenesis is indicated by accumulation of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in brain tissues and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in neurons. The main cause is considered to be the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to oxidative stress. The current treatment provides only symptomatic relief by offering temporary palliative therapy which declines the rate of cognitive impairment associated with AD. Inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is considered as one of the major therapeutic strategies offering only symptomatic relief and moderate disease-modifying effect. Other non-cholinergic therapeutic approaches include antioxidant and vitamin therapy, stem cell therapy, hormonal therapy, use of antihypertensive or lipid-lowering medications and selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, inhibition of β-secretase and γ-secretase and Aβ aggregation, inhibition of tau hyperphosphorylation and intracellular NFT, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), transition metal chelators, insulin resistance drugs, etanercept, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) etc. Medicinal plants have been reported for possible anti-AD activity in a number of preclinical and clinical trials. Ethnobotany, being popular in China and in the Far East and possibly less emphasized in Europe, plays a substantial role in the discovery of anti-AD agents from botanicals. Chinese Material Medica (CMM) involving Chinese medicinal plants has been used traditionally in China in the treatment of AD. Ayurveda has already provided numerous lead compounds in drug discovery and many of these are also undergoing clinical investigations. A number of medicinal plants either in their crude forms or as isolated compounds have exhibited to reduce the pathological features associated with AD. In this present review, an attempt has been made to elucidate the molecular mode of action of various plant extracts, phytochemicals and traditional herbal formulations investigated against AD as reported in various preclinical and clinical tests. Herbal synergism often found in polyherbal formulations were found effective to combat disease heterogeneity as found in complex pathogenesis of AD. Finally a note has been added to describe biotechnological improvement, genetic and genomic resources and mathematical and statistical techniques for empirical model building associated with anti-AD plant secondary metabolites and their source botanicals.
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Wang ZY, Liu JG, Li H, Yang HM. Pharmacological Effects of Active Components of Chinese Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1525-1541. [PMID: 27848250 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder associated with dementia, not only severely decreases the quality of life for its victims, but also brings a heavy economic burden to the family and society. Unfortunately, few chemical drugs designed for clinical applications have reached the expected preventive or therapeutic effect so far, and combined with their significant side-effects, there is therefore an urgent need for new strategies to be developed for AD treatment. Traditional Chinese Medicine has accumulated many experiences in the treatment of dementia during thousands of years of practice; modern pharmacological studies have confirmed the therapeutic effects of many active components derived from Chinese herbal medicines (CHM). Ginsenoside Rg1, extracted from Radix Ginseng, exerts a [Formula: see text]-secretase inhibitor effect so as to decrease A[Formula: see text] aggregation. It can also inhibit the apoptosis of neuron cells. Tanshinone IIA, extracted from Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae, and baicalin, extracted from Radix Scutellariae[Formula: see text] can inhibit the oxidative stress injury in neuronal cells. Icariin, extracted from Epimedium brevicornum, can decrease A[Formula: see text] levels and the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and can also inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis. Huperzine A, extracted from Huperzia serrata, exerts a cholinesterase inhibitor effect. Evodiamine, extracted from Fructus Evodiae, and curcumin, extracted from Rhizoma Curcumae Longae, exert anti-inflammatory actions. Curcumin can act on A[Formula: see text] and tau too. Due to the advantages of multi-target effects and fewer side effects, Chinese medicine is more appropriate for long-term use. In this present review, the pharmacological effects of commonly used active components derived from Chinese herbal medicines in the treatment of AD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Wang
- * Geriatric Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.,† Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Gang Liu
- * Geriatric Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- * Geriatric Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ming Yang
- ‡ Geriatric Department, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
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Hao F, Li A, Yu H, Liu M, Wang Y, Liu J, Liang Z. Enhanced Neuroprotective Effects of Combination Therapy with Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Ginkgo biloba Extract (EGb761) in a Rat Model of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Neuroimmunomodulation 2016; 23:41-57. [PMID: 26468875 DOI: 10.1159/000437429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated whether Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) can provide neuroprotective effects and enhance the efficacy of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in a rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). METHODS We examined the synergistic action of BMSCs combined with EGb761 treatment in EAE rats. The immunized rats received an intravenous injection of BMSCs or intraperitoneal administration of EGb761 or both on the day of the onset of clinical symptoms and for the following 21 days. Clinical severity scores were recorded daily and histopathological examination of the spinal cord and cytokine concentrations in the serum were studied on days 14 and 31 postimmunization. RESULTS Our results showed that combined treatment with BMSCs and EGb761 further decreased the disease severity, maximal clinical score and number of infiltrated mononuclear cells, especially CD3-positive T cells. We observed that the demyelination score and the density of axonal loss in the spinal cord were significantly reduced in mice receiving the combination therapy. The serum concentrations of the phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ were reduced in the combination-treatment group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that combined treatment with BMSCs and EGb761 have a synergistic effect in rats with EAE by inhibiting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, demyelination and protecting axons and neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
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Reducing Aβ load and tau phosphorylation: Emerging perspective for treating Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on cerebral oxygen and glucose metabolism in elderly patients with pre-existing cerebral ischemia. Complement Ther Med 2015; 23:220-5. [PMID: 25847559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
SPECIFIC AIM Cerebral injury caused by hypoperfusion during the perioperative period is one of the main causes of disability and death in patients after major surgery. No effective protective or preventative strategies have been identified. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on cerebral oxygen and glucose metabolism in elderly patients with known, pre-existing cerebral ischemia. METHODS Sixty ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) II-III patients, diagnosed with vertebral artery ischemia by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD), and scheduled for elective total hip replacement surgery, were enrolled in the study. They were randomly allocated to receive either 1mg/kg Ginkgo biloba extract (G group n=30) or normal saline (D group n=30) after induction of anesthesia. Blood samples were collected from radial artery and jugular venous bulb catheters for blood gas analysis and determination of glucose and lactate concentrations preoperatively, before surgical incision, at the end of surgery, and on post-op day 1. Arterial O2 content (CaO2), jugular venous O2 content (CjvO2), arteriovenous O2 content difference (Da-jvO2), cerebral oxygen extraction rate (CEO2), and arteriovenous glucose and lactate content differences (Da-jvGlu and Da-jvLac) were calculated. RESULTS There were no significant differences in CaO2 or Da-jvGlu during surgery between groups (p>0.05). However, the Ginkgo group had higher CjvO2, internal jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO2) and lower CEO2, Da-jvO2 and Da-jvLac at the end of surgery (T2) and on post-op day 1 (T3) than those in the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Ginkgo biloba extract can improve cerebral oxygen supply, decrease cerebral oxygen extraction rate and consumption, and help maintain the balance between cerebral oxygen supply and consumption. It has no effect, however, on cerebral glucose metabolism in elderly patients with known, pre-existing cerebral ischemia.
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Thummayot S, Tocharus C, Pinkaew D, Viwatpinyo K, Sringarm K, Tocharus J. Neuroprotective effect of purple rice extract and its constituent against amyloid beta-induced neuronal cell death in SK-N-SH cells. Neurotoxicology 2014; 45:149-58. [PMID: 25451968 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the protective effects of purple rice (Oryza sativa L.) extract (PRE) and its major constituent, cyanidin, and their underlying mechanisms against Aβ 25-35-induced neuronal cell death in SK-N-SH cells. Aβ 25-35-induced neuronal toxicity is characterized by decrease in cell viability, the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), decrease superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, morphological alteration, and activation of mitochondrial death pathway. Pretreatment with PRE and cyanidin significantly attenuated Aβ 25-35-induced loss of cell viability, apoptosis, and increase in ROS and RNS production in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, PRE and cyanidin also helped to bring about the downregulation of the expression of Bax, cytochrome c, cleavage caspase-9, and cleavage caspase-3 proteins, and the upregulation of the Bcl-XL protein in cascade. Therefore, it is evident that PRE and its major constituent, cyanidin, were successful in protecting from the cytotoxic effect of Aβ 25-35 through attenuation ROS and RNS production and modulation of mitochondrial death pathway in SK-N-SH cells. This result suggests that PRE and its major constituent, cyanidin, might be beneficial as potential therapeutic agents in preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarinthorn Thummayot
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chainarong Tocharus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Decha Pinkaew
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kittikun Viwatpinyo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Korawan Sringarm
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Tocharus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Deng J, Lei C, Chen Y, Fang Z, Yang Q, Zhang H, Cai M, Shi L, Dong H, Xiong L. Neuroprotective gases – Fantasy or reality for clinical use? Prog Neurobiol 2014; 115:210-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wang Q, Xu Z, Tang J, Sun J, Gao J, Wu T, Xiao M. Voluntary exercise counteracts Aβ25-35-induced memory impairment in mice. Behav Brain Res 2013; 256:618-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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