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Miyata T, Shogatsudani A, Igarashi A, Tsutiya H, Yoshida K. Differences in exercise capacity and muscle glycogen metabolism in C57BL/6J and BALB/cA mice. Exp Anim 2024; 73:101-108. [PMID: 37704434 PMCID: PMC10877153 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.23-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared differences in exercise capacity as well as muscle glycogen content and degradation, and mitochondrial enzyme activity between C57BL/6J and BALB/cA mice. In exercise tests, grip strength was higher in BALB/cA mice. In Rotarod and Inverted screen test, C57BL/6J mice had significantly longer exercise durations and showed differences in motor function and muscle endurance time. Glycogen in the liver and muscle of C57BL/6J mice was significantly decreased after 20 min of swimming. Muscle glycogen content in BALB/cA mice was higher than in C57BL/6J, but swimming induced no decrease in glycogen content. Glycogen phosphorylase in muscle was inactive in the absence of AMP, and its activity increased in a concentration-dependent manner with the addition of AMP in C57BL/6J mice. In BALB/cA mice, phosphorylase activity was increased by AMP, but not further increased by higher concentrations of AMP. The citrate synthase activity in muscle did not differ between C57BL/6J and BALB/cA mice. The results of this study suggested that the reactivity of muscle glycogen phosphorylase to AMP differs among strains of mice and affects glycogen availability during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Miyata
- Department of Agri-Production Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, 6-1-1 Tamagawa-gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
- Biosystems & Biofunctions Research Center, Tamagawa University Research Institute, 6-1-1 Tamagawa-gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Akira Shogatsudani
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, 6-1-1 Tamagawa-gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Ayaka Igarashi
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, 6-1-1 Tamagawa-gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Haruna Tsutiya
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, 6-1-1 Tamagawa-gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Kyouka Yoshida
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, 6-1-1 Tamagawa-gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
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2
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Chrusch MJ, Fu S, Spanswick SC, Vecchiarelli HA, Patel PP, Hill MN, Dyck RH. Environmental Enrichment Engages Vesicular Zinc Signaling to Enhance Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060883. [PMID: 36980224 PMCID: PMC10046929 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is highly concentrated in synaptic vesicles throughout the mammalian telencephalon and, in particular, the hippocampal dentate gyrus. A role for zinc in modulating synaptic plasticity has been inferred, but whether zinc has a particular role in experience-dependent plasticity has yet to be determined. The aim of the current study was to determine whether vesicular zinc is important for modulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis in an experience-dependent manner and, consequently, hippocampal-dependent behaviour. We assessed the role of vesicular zinc in modulating hippocampal neurogenesis and behaviour by comparing ZnT3 knockout (KO) mice, which lack vesicular zinc, to wild-type (WT) littermates exposed to either standard housing conditions (SH) or an enriched environment (EE). We found that vesicular zinc is necessary for a cascade of changes in hippocampal plasticity following EE, such as increases in hippocampal neurogenesis and elevations in mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF), but was otherwise dispensable under SH conditions. Using the Spatial Object Recognition task and the Morris Water task we show that, unlike WT mice, ZnT3 KO mice showed no improvements in spatial memory following EE. These experiments demonstrate that vesicular zinc is essential for the enhancement of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and behaviour following enrichment, supporting a role for zincergic neurons in contributing to experience-dependent plasticity in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Chrusch
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (M.J.C.); (S.F.); (S.C.S.); (H.A.V.); (M.N.H.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Selena Fu
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (M.J.C.); (S.F.); (S.C.S.); (H.A.V.); (M.N.H.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Simon C. Spanswick
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (M.J.C.); (S.F.); (S.C.S.); (H.A.V.); (M.N.H.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Haley A. Vecchiarelli
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (M.J.C.); (S.F.); (S.C.S.); (H.A.V.); (M.N.H.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Payal P. Patel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Matthew N. Hill
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (M.J.C.); (S.F.); (S.C.S.); (H.A.V.); (M.N.H.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Richard H. Dyck
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (M.J.C.); (S.F.); (S.C.S.); (H.A.V.); (M.N.H.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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3
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Serra L, Petrosini L, Mandolesi L, Bonarota S, Balsamo F, Bozzali M, Caltagirone C, Gelfo F. Walking, Running, Swimming: An Analysis of the Effects of Land and Water Aerobic Exercises on Cognitive Functions and Neural Substrates. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16310. [PMID: 36498383 PMCID: PMC9740550 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the brain and cognitive reserves framework, aerobic exercise is considered as a protective lifestyle factor able to induce positive effects on both brain structure and function. However, specific aspects of such a beneficial effect still need to be completely clarified. To this aim, the present narrative review focused on the potential brain/cognitive/neural reserve-construction mechanisms triggered by different aerobic exercise types (land activities; such as walking or running; vs. water activities; such as swimming), by considering human and animal studies on healthy subjects over the entire lifespan. The literature search was conducted in PubMed database. The studies analyzed here indicated that all the considered kinds of activities exert a beneficial effect on cognitive/behavioral functions and on the underlying brain neurobiological processes. In particular, the main effects observed involve the cognitive domains of memory and executive functions. These effects appear related to structural and functional changes mainly involving the fronto-hippocampal axis. The present review supports the requirement of further studies that investigate more specifically and systematically the effects of each type of aerobic activity, as a basis to plan more effective and personalized interventions on individuals as well as prevention and healthy promotion policies for the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Serra
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Mandolesi
- Department of Humanities, Federico II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bonarota
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Balsamo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bozzali
- Department of Neuroscience ‘Rita Levi Montalcini’, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RY, UK
| | | | - Francesca Gelfo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, 00193 Rome, Italy
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4
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Liu ZT, Ma YT, Pan ST, Xie K, Shen W, Lin SY, Gao JY, Li WY, Li GY, Wang QW, Li LP. Effects of involuntary treadmill running in combination with swimming on adult neurogenesis in an Alzheimer's mouse model. Neurochem Int 2022; 155:105309. [PMID: 35276288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise plays a role on the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the exercise mode and the mechanism for these positive effects is still ambiguous. Here, we investigated the effect of an aerobic interval exercise, running in combination with swimming, on behavioral dysfunction and associated adult neurogenesis in a mouse model of AD. We demonstrate that 4 weeks of the exercise could ameliorate Aβ42 oligomer-induced cognitive impairment in mice utilizing Morris water maze tests. Additionally, the exercised Aβ42 oligomer-induced mice exhibited a significant reduction of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors compared to the sedentary Aβ42 oligomer-induced mice utilizing an Elevated zero maze and a Tail suspension test. Moreover, by utilizing 5'-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) as an exogenous cell tracer, we found that the exercised Aβ42 oligomer-induced mice displayed a significant increase in newborn cells (BrdU+ cells), which differentiated into a majority of neurons (BrdU+ DCX+ cells or BrdU+NeuN+ cells) and a few of astrocytes (BrdU+GFAP+ cells). Likewise, the exercised Aβ42 oligomer-induced mice also displayed the higher levels of NeuN, PSD95, synaptophysin, Bcl-2 and lower level of GFAP protein. Furthermore, alteration of serum metabolites in transgenic AD mice between the exercised and sedentary group were significantly associated with lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and neurotransmitters. These findings suggest that combined aerobic interval exercise-mediated metabolites and proteins contributed to improving adult neurogenesis and behavioral performance after AD pathology, which might provide a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Tao Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Rehabilitative Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yu-Tao Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Shao-Tao Pan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Kai Xie
- Rehabilitative Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Wei Shen
- Rehabilitative Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Su-Yang Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Jun-Yan Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Wan-Yi Li
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Qin-Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China.
| | - Li-Ping Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Rehabilitative Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, PR China.
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5
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Bivona JJ, Poynter ME. An open-source, lockable mouse wheel for the accessible implementation of time- and distance-limited elective exercise. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261618. [PMID: 34932607 PMCID: PMC8691618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods of small animal exercise involve either voluntary (wheel running) or forced (treadmill running) protocols. Although commonly used, each have several drawbacks which cause hesitancy to adopt these methods. While mice will instinctively run on a wheel, the distance and time spent running can vary widely. Forced exercise, while controllable, puts animals in stressful environments in which they are confined and often shocked for "encouragement." Additionally, both methods require expensive equipment and software, which limit these experiments to well-funded laboratories. To counter these issues, we developed a non-invasive mouse running device aimed to reduce handler-induced stress, provide time- and distance-based stopping conditions, and enable investigators with limited resources to easily produce and use the device. The Lockable Open-Source Training-Wheel (LOST-Wheel) was designed to be 3D printed on any standard entry-level printer and assembled using a few common tools for around 20 USD. It features an on-board screen and is capable of tracking distances, running time, and velocities of mice. The LOST-Wheel overcomes the largest drawback to voluntary exercise, which is the inability to control when and how long mice run, using a servo driven mechanism that locks and unlocks the running surface according to the protocol of the investigator. While the LOST-Wheel can be used without a computer connection, we designed an accompanying application to provide scientists with additional analyses. The LOST-Wheel Logger, an R-based application, displays milestones and plots on a user-friendly dashboard. Using the LOST-Wheel, we implemented a timed running experiment that showed distance-dependent decreases in serum myostatin as well as IL-6 gene upregulation in muscle. To make this device accessible, we are releasing the designs, application, and manual in an open-source format. The implementation of the LOST-Wheel and future iterations will improve upon existing murine exercise equipment and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Bivona
- Department of Medicine and Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Matthew E. Poynter
- Department of Medicine and Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
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6
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Hay AM, Howie HL, Gorham JD, D'Alessandro A, Spitalnik SL, Hudson KE, Zimring JC. Mouse background genetics in biomedical research: The devil's in the details. Transfusion 2021; 61:3017-3025. [PMID: 34480352 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetically modified mice are used widely to explore mechanisms in most biomedical fields-including transfusion. Concluding that a gene modification is responsible for a phenotypic change assumes no other differences between the gene-modified and wild-type mice besides the targetted gene. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS To test the hypothesis that the N-terminus of Band3, which regulates metabolism, affects RBC storage biology, RBCs from mice with a modified N-terminus of Band3 were stored under simulated blood bank conditions. All strains of mice were generated with the same initial embryonic stem cells from 129 mice and each strain was backcrossed with C57BL/6 (B6) mice. Both 24-h recoveries post-transfusion and metabolomics were determined for stored RBCs. Genetic profiles of mice were assessed by a high-resolution SNP array. RESULTS RBCs from mice with a mutated Band3 N-terminus had increased lipid oxidation and worse 24-h recoveries, "demonstrating" that Band3 regulates oxidative injury during RBC storage. However, SNP analysis demonstrated variable inheritance of 129 genetic elements between strains. Controlled interbreeding experiments demonstrated that the changes in lipid oxidation and some of the decreased 24-hr recovery were caused by inheritance of a region of chromosome 1 of 129 origin, and not due to the modification of Band 3. SNP genotyping of a panel of commonly used commercially available KO mice showed considerable 129 contamination, despite wild-type B6 mice being listed as the correct control. DISCUSSION Thousands of articles published each year use gene-modified mice, yet genetic background issues are rarely considered. Assessment of such issues are not, but should become, routine norms of murine experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel M Hay
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Heather L Howie
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - James D Gorham
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Steven L Spitalnik
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Krystalyn E Hudson
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - James C Zimring
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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7
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Lauretta G, Ravalli S, Maugeri G, D'Agata V, Rosa MD, Musumeci G. The impact of physical exercise on hippocampus, in physiological condition and ageing-related decline: current evidence from animal and human studies. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:180-189. [PMID: 33820516 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210405142611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise (PE), notoriously, promotes a state of general well-being, throughout the entire human lifespan. Moreover, maintaining an adequate and regular PE habit results to be a powerful preventive factor towards many diseases and may also help in managing existing pathological conditions. PE induces structural and functional changes in various districts of the body, determining biological and psychological benefits. Additionally, in elderly, PE might represent a remarkable tool reducing cognitive impairments related to the normal aging processes and it has also been found to have an impact in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The present review aims to provide an overview about PE effects on hippocampus, since it is one of the brain regions most susceptible to aging and, therefore, involved in diseases characterized by cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lauretta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human, Histology and Movement Science Section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, Catania. Italy
| | - Silvia Ravalli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human, Histology and Movement Science Section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, Catania. Italy
| | - Grazia Maugeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human, Histology and Movement Science Section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, Catania. Italy
| | - Velia D'Agata
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human, Histology and Movement Science Section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, Catania. Italy
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human, Histology and Movement Science Section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, Catania. Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human, Histology and Movement Science Section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, Catania. Italy
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8
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Buhr TJ, Reed CH, Shoeman A, Bauer EE, Valentine RJ, Clark PJ. The Influence of Moderate Physical Activity on Brain Monoaminergic Responses to Binge-Patterned Alcohol Ingestion in Female Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:639790. [PMID: 33716684 PMCID: PMC7947191 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.639790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine neurotransmitter activity in brain reward, limbic, and motor areas play key roles in the motivation to misuse alcohol and can become modified by exercise in a manner that may affect alcohol craving. This study investigated the influence of daily moderate physical activity on monoamine-related neurochemical concentrations across the mouse brain in response to high volume ethanol ingestion. Adult female C57BL/6J mice were housed with or without 2.5 h of daily access to running wheels for 30 days. On the last 5 days, mice participated in the voluntary binge-like ethanol drinking procedure, “Drinking in the dark” (DID). Mice were sampled immediately following the final episode of DID. Monoamine-related neurochemical concentrations were measured across brain regions comprising reward, limbic, and motor circuits using ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC). The results suggest that physical activity status did not influence ethanol ingestion during DID. Moreover, daily running wheel access only mildly influenced alcohol-related norepinephrine concentrations in the hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex, as well as serotonin turnover in the hippocampus. However, access to alcohol during DID eliminated wheel running-related decreases of norepinephrine, serotonin, and 5-HIAA content in the hypothalamus, but also to a lesser extent for norepinephrine in the hippocampus and caudal cortical areas. Finally, alcohol access increased serotonin and dopamine-related neurochemical turnover in the striatum and brainstem areas, regardless of physical activity status. Together, these data provide a relatively thorough assessment of monoamine-related neurochemical levels across the brain in response to voluntary binge-patterned ethanol drinking, but also adds to a growing body of research questioning the utility of moderate physical activity as an intervention to curb alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J Buhr
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Carter H Reed
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Allyse Shoeman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ella E Bauer
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Rudy J Valentine
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Peter J Clark
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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9
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Contreras KM, Caillaud M, Neddenriep B, Bagdas D, Roberts JL, Ulker E, White AB, Aboulhosn R, Toma W, Khalefa T, Adel A, Mann JA, Damaj MI. Deficit in voluntary wheel running in chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain models in mice: Impact of sex and genotype. Behav Brain Res 2020; 399:113009. [PMID: 33181181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic pain report decreased general activity and emotional distress. Therefore, the development of various animal models that encompass different aspects of pain are crucial for the discovery of genetic differences and the assessment of novel analgesics to improve quality of life. C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice received unilateral intraplantar injections of 100 % CFA, paclitaxel, or CCI surgery to compare their distance traveled in a voluntary wheel running assay, paw edema diameter, and mechanical sensitivity. Mechanical withdrawal thresholds were lower in both strains of mice that received CFA when compared to their vehicle. However, a decrease in distance traveled was observed in CFA-treated C57BL/6J but not DBA/2J mice. In a separate group, chemotherapy agent paclitaxel 8 mg/kg, i.p. was administered to both strains of mice to induce CIPN which was confirmed by lower mechanical thresholds in paclitaxel-treated mice compared to vehicle-treated mice. Only female C57BL/6J mice showed attenuation of distance traveled following treatment, whereas male C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice did not. Lastly, C57BL/6J mice underwent chronic constriction injury (CCI) or sham surgery to observe the impact of another chronic neuropathic pain model in wheel running assay. CCI mice showed a gradual decrease in mechanical withdrawal threshold and a decrease in distance traveled compared to sham 5 days following the procedure. Comparing these chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain models in different mouse strains may help us better understand genetic differences underlying pain perception and its impact on reflexive and nonreflexive outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Contreras
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA.
| | - Martial Caillaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - Bradley Neddenriep
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - Deniz Bagdas
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine. Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jane L Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - Esad Ulker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - Alyssa B White
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - Raneem Aboulhosn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - Wisam Toma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - Tala Khalefa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - Ahd Adel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - Jared A Mann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - M Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
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10
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Rodriguez G, Moore SJ, Neff RC, Glass ED, Stevenson TK, Stinnett GS, Seasholtz AF, Murphy GG, Cazares VA. Deficits across multiple behavioral domains align with susceptibility to stress in 129S1/SvImJ mice. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 13:100262. [PMID: 33344715 PMCID: PMC7739066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute physical or psychological stress can elicit adaptive behaviors that allow an organism maintain homeostasis. However, intense and/or prolonged stressors often have the opposite effect, resulting in maladaptive behaviors and curbing goal-directed action; in the extreme, this may contribute to the development of psychiatric conditions like generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, or post-traumatic stress disorder. While treatment of these disorders generally focuses on reducing reactivity to potentially threatening stimuli, there are in fact impairments across multiple domains including valence, arousal, and cognition. Here, we use the genetically stress-susceptible 129S1 mouse strain to explore the effects of stress across multiple domains. We find that 129S1 mice exhibit a potentiated neuroendocrine response across many environments and paradigms, and that this is associated with reduced exploration, neophobia, decreased novelty- and reward-seeking, and spatial learning and memory impairments. Taken together, our results suggest that the 129S1 strain may provide a useful model for elucidating mechanisms underlying myriad aspects of stress-linked psychiatric disorders as well as potential treatments that may ameliorate symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rodriguez
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, USA
| | - S J Moore
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, USA.,Michigan Neuroscience Institute, USA
| | - R C Neff
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, USA
| | - E D Glass
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, USA.,Michigan Neuroscience Institute, USA
| | | | | | - A F Seasholtz
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - G G Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, USA.,Michigan Neuroscience Institute, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, USA
| | - V A Cazares
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, USA.,Michigan Neuroscience Institute, USA.,Department of Psychology, Williams College, MA, USA
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11
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Zakharov VV, Novikova MS, Vakhnina NV. [Prevention of dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:167-174. [PMID: 32929941 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2020120081167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is one of the most common consequences of brain dysfunction. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in the diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairment without dementia, as a stage of cognitive deficit spectrum that could be controlled. The article discusses the current approaches to the management of patients with mild cognitive impairment including non-pharmacological strategies as well as medical antioxidant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Zakharov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow,Russia
| | - M S Novikova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow,Russia
| | - N V Vakhnina
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow,Russia
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12
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Qiao LX, Zhao RB, Wu MF, Zhu LH, Xia ZK. Silencing of long non‑coding antisense RNA brain‑derived neurotrophic factor attenuates hypoxia/ischemia‑induced neonatal brain injury. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:653-662. [PMID: 32626923 PMCID: PMC7307822 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic/ischemic (HI) brain damage (HIBD) is a major cause of acute neonatal brain injury, leading to high mortality and serious neurological deficits. The antisense RNA of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF-AS) is transcribed from the opposite strand of the BDNF gene. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of BDNF-AS in HI-induced neuronal cell injury in vivo and in vitro. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays indicated that BDNF-AS expression was significantly upregulated in HI-injured neonatal brains and hippocampal neurons. However, BDNF expression was downregulated in HI-injured neonatal brains and hippocampal neurons. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, Hoechst staining, calcein-AM/PI staining, immunostaining, water maze tests and rotarod tests demonstrated that BDNF-AS silencing protected against hypoxia-induced primary hippocampal neuron injury in vitro and HI-induced brain injury in vivo. Mechanistically, RT-qPCR assays and western blotting indicated that BDNF-AS silencing led to increased expression of BDNF and activated the BDNF-mediated signaling pathway, as demonstrated by increased expression levels of BDNF, phosphorylated-Akt and phosphorylated-tropomyosin receptor kinase B. Collectively, the present study provides important insights into the pathogenesis of HIBD, and it was indicated that BDNF-AS silencing may be a promising approach for the treatment of neonatal HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xing Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Bin Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Fu Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Yang Zhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Science, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Kun Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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13
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The effect of high fat, high sugar, and combined high fat-high sugar diets on spatial learning and memory in rodents: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:399-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Potential exerkines for physical exercise-elicited pro-cognitive effects: Insight from clinical and animal research. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 147:361-395. [PMID: 31607361 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle is now known as a critical risk factor for accelerated aging-related neurodegenerative disorders. In contract, having regular physical exercise has opposite effects. Clinical findings have suggested that physical exercise can promote brain plasticity, particularly the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex, that are important for learning and memory and mood regulations. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Animal studies reveal that the effects of physical exercise on promoting neuroplasticity could be mediated by different exerkines derived from the peripheral system and the brain itself. This book chapter summarizes the recent evidence from clinical and pre-clinical studies showing the emerging mediators for exercise-promoted brain health, including myokines secreted from skeletal muscles, adipokines from adipose tissues, and other factors secreted from the bone and liver.
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15
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Greenwood BN, Fleshner M. Voluntary Wheel Running: A Useful Rodent Model for Investigating the Mechanisms of Stress Robustness and Neural Circuits of Exercise Motivation. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2019; 28:78-84. [PMID: 32766411 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence that exercise reduces the negative impacts of stressor exposure and promotes stress robustness, health and well-being, most people fail to achieve recommended levels of physical activity. One reason for this failure could be our fundamental lack of understanding the brain motivational and motor circuits underlying voluntary exercise behavior. Wheel running is an animal model used to reveal mechanisms of exercise-induced stress robustness. Here we detail the strengths and weakness of wheel running as a model; and propose that running begins as a purposeful, goal-directed behavior that becomes habitual with continued access. This fresh perspective could aid in the development of novel strategies to motivate and sustain exercise behavior and maximize the stress-robust phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Greenwood
- University of Colorado-Denver, Department of Psychology, Campus Box 173, PO Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217-3364,
| | - Monika Fleshner
- University of Colorado-Boulder, Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience, UCB 354, Boulder, CO 80303.,University of Colorado-Boulder, Center for Neuroscience, UCB 354, Boulder, CO 80303,
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16
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Klempin F, Mosienko V, Matthes S, Villela DC, Todiras M, Penninger JM, Bader M, Santos RAS, Alenina N. Depletion of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 reduces brain serotonin and impairs the running-induced neurogenic response. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3625-3634. [PMID: 29679094 PMCID: PMC7079801 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise induces cell proliferation in the adult hippocampus in rodents. Serotonin (5-HT) and angiotensin (Ang) II are important mediators of the pro-mitotic effect of physical activity. Here, we examine precursor cells in the adult brain of mice lacking angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2, and explore the effect of an acute running stimulus on neurogenesis. ACE2 metabolizes Ang II to Ang-(1-7) and is essential for the intestinal uptake of tryptophan (Trp), the 5-HT precursor. In ACE2-deficient mice, we observed a decrease in brain 5-HT levels and no increase in the number of BrdU-positive cells following exercise. Targeting the Ang II/AT1 axis by blocking the receptor, or experimentally increasing Trp/5-HT levels in the brain of ACE2-deficient mice, did not rescue the running-induced effect. Furthermore, mice lacking the Ang-(1-7) receptor, Mas, presented a normal neurogenic response to exercise. Our results identify ACE2 as a novel factor required for exercise-dependent modulation of adult neurogenesis and essential for 5-HT metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Klempin
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Valentina Mosienko
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Building D11, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Susann Matthes
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel C Villela
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFmG), ICB, Belo Horizonte, MG, 6627, Brazil
- Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Mihail Todiras
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robson A S Santos
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFmG), ICB, Belo Horizonte, MG, 6627, Brazil
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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17
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Yan BC, Jiang D, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Xu P, Yu X, Won MH, Su PQ. Both decreased Akt expression and mTOR phosphorylation are related to decreased neuronal differentiation in the hippocampal alveus of aged mice. Aging Clin Exp Res 2018; 30:737-743. [PMID: 29027613 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-017-0833-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is an inevitable process which results in many changes. These changes are closely related to the hippocampus which is in charge of long-term learning and episodic memory. AIM This study was to investigate age-related changes of the cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation and Akt/mTOR signaling in the hippocampal alveus of aged mice. METHODS In the present study, we compared the differences of neurogenesis in the hippocampal alveus between adult (postnatal month 6) and aged (postnatal month 24) mice using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. RESULTS The cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation, and the increased astrocyte activation in the hippocampal alveus of mice were decreased in an age-dependent manner. In addition, during normal aging, the protein level of AKT, mTOR and the phosphorylation of mTOR were all decreased. However, the protein level of AKT was increased. DISCUSSION These results indicate the neurogenesis in the immature neurons in the hippocampal alveus of aged mice was closely related to the normal aging process. In addition, during normal aging, the increased AKT phosphorylation and decreased mTOR phosphorylation in the hippocampus may play a role in aging development. CONCLUSION The result indicates that increased activation of astrocyte, increased phosphorylation of AKT and decreased phosphorylation of mTOR may be involved in the decreased cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the alveus of hippocampus of aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chun Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yangzhou Maternal and Child Care Service Center, Yangzhou, 225002, People's Republic of China
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Pei Qing Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
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18
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Robison LS, Popescu DL, Anderson ME, Beigelman SI, Fitzgerald SM, Kuzmina AE, Lituma DA, Subzwari S, Michaelos M, Anderson BJ, Van Nostrand WE, Robinson JK. The effects of volume versus intensity of long-term voluntary exercise on physiology and behavior in C57/Bl6 mice. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:218-232. [PMID: 29879399 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular exercise (CVE) is associated with healthy aging and reduced risk of disease in humans, with similar benefits seen in animals. Most rodent studies, however, have used shorter intervention periods of a few weeks to a few months, begging questions as to the effects of longer-term, or even life-long, exercise. Additionally, most animal studies have utilized a single exercise treatment group - usually unlimited running wheel access - resulting in large volumes of exercise that are not clinically relevant. It is therefore incumbent to determine the physiological and cognitive/behavioral effects of a range of exercise intensities and volumes over a long-term period that model a lifelong commitment to CVE. In the current study, C57/Bl6 mice remained sedentary or were allowed either 1, 3, or 12 h of access to a running wheel per day, 5 days/weeks, beginning at 3.5-4 months of age. Following an eight-month intervention period, animals underwent a battery of behavioral testing, then euthanized and blood and tissue were collected. Longer access to a running wheel resulted in greater volume and higher running speed, but more breaks in running. All exercise groups showed similarly reduced body weight, increased muscle mass, improved motor function on the rotarod, and reduced anxiety in the open field. While all exercise groups showed increased food intake, this was greatest in the 12 h group but did not differ between 1 h and 3 h mice. While exercise dose-dependently increased working memory performance in the y-maze, the 1 h and 12 h groups showed the largest changes in the mass of many organs, as well as alterations in several behaviors including social interaction, novel object recognition, and Barnes maze performance. These findings suggest that long-term exercise has widespread effects on physiology, behavior, and cognition, which vary by "dose" and measure, and that even relatively small amounts of daily exercise can provide benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Robison
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States.
| | - Dominique L Popescu
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Maria E Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Steven I Beigelman
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Shannon M Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Antonina E Kuzmina
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - David A Lituma
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Sarima Subzwari
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Michalis Michaelos
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Brenda J Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - John K Robinson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
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19
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Saraulli D, Costanzi M, Mastrorilli V, Farioli-Vecchioli S. The Long Run: Neuroprotective Effects of Physical Exercise on Adult Neurogenesis from Youth to Old Age. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 15:519-533. [PMID: 27000776 PMCID: PMC5543673 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160412150223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid lengthening of life expectancy has raised the problem of providing social programs to counteract the age-related cognitive decline in a growing number of older people. Physical activity stands among the most promising interventions aimed at brain wellbeing, because of its effective neuroprotective action and low social cost. The purpose of this review is to describe the neuroprotective role exerted by physical activity in different life stages. In particular, we focus on adult neurogenesis, a process which has proved being highly responsive to physical exercise and may represent a major factor of brain health over the lifespan. METHODS The most recent literature related to the subject has been reviewed. The text has been divided into three main sections, addressing the effects of physical exercise during childhood/ adolescence, adulthood and aging, respectively. For each one, the most relevant studies, carried out on both human participants and rodent models, have been described. RESULTS The data reviewed converge in indicating that physical activity exerts a positive effect on brain functioning throughout the lifespan. However, uncertainty remains about the magnitude of the effect and its biological underpinnings. Cellular and synaptic plasticity provided by adult neurogenesis are highly probable mediators, but the mechanism for their action has yet to be conclusively established. CONCLUSION Despite alternative mechanisms of action are currently debated, age-appropriate physical activity programs may constitute a large-scale, relatively inexpensive and powerful approach to dampen the individual and social impact of age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Saraulli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, & Fondazione S. Lucia, Rome. Italy
| | - Marco Costanzi
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University, Rome. Italy
| | - Valentina Mastrorilli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, & Fondazione S. Lucia, Rome. Italy
| | - Stefano Farioli-Vecchioli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome. Italy
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20
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Ujjainwala AL, Courtney CD, Rhoads SG, Rhodes JS, Christian CA. Genetic loss of diazepam binding inhibitor in mice impairs social interest. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 17:e12442. [PMID: 29193847 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders in which reduced social interest is a common symptom, such as autism, depression, and anxiety, are frequently associated with genetic mutations affecting γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic transmission. Benzodiazepine treatment, acting via GABA type-A receptors, improves social interaction in male mouse models with autism-like features. The protein diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) can act as an endogenous benzodiazepine, but a role for DBI in social behavior has not been described. Here, we investigated the role of DBI in the social interest and recognition behavior of mice. The responses of DBI wild-type and knockout male and female mice to ovariectomized female wild-type mice (a neutral social stimulus) were evaluated in a habituation/dishabituation task. Both male and female knockout mice exhibited reduced social interest, and DBI knockout mice lacked the sex difference in social interest levels observed in wild-type mice, in which males showed higher social interest levels than females. The ability to discriminate between familiar and novel stimulus mice (social recognition) was not impaired in DBI-deficient mice of either sex. DBI knockouts could learn a rotarod motor task, and could discriminate between social and nonsocial odors. Both sexes of DBI knockout mice showed increased repetitive grooming behavior, but not in a manner that would account for the decrease in social investigation time. Genetic loss of DBI did not alter seminal vesicle weight, indicating that the social interest phenotype of males lacking DBI is not due to reduced circulating testosterone. Together, these studies show a novel role of DBI in driving social interest and motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Ujjainwala
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - C D Courtney
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - S G Rhoads
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - J S Rhodes
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| | - C A Christian
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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21
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Vivar C, van Praag H. Running Changes the Brain: the Long and the Short of It. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:410-424. [PMID: 29021361 PMCID: PMC6148340 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00017.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a simple intervention that profoundly benefits cognition. In rodents, running increases neurogenesis in the hippocampus, a brain area important for memory. We describe the dynamic changes in new neuron number and afferent connections throughout their maturation. We highlight the effects of exercise on the neurotransmitter systems involved, with a focus on the role of glutamate and acetylcholine in the initial development of new neurons in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Vivar
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico; and
| | - Henriette van Praag
- Neuroplasticity and Behavior Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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22
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Kozareva DA, O'Leary OF, Cryan JF, Nolan YM. Deletion of TLX and social isolation impairs exercise-induced neurogenesis in the adolescent hippocampus. Hippocampus 2017; 28:3-11. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danka A. Kozareva
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience; University College Cork; Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute; University College Cork; Ireland
| | - Olivia F. O'Leary
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience; University College Cork; Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute; University College Cork; Ireland
| | - John F. Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience; University College Cork; Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute; University College Cork; Ireland
| | - Yvonne M. Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience; University College Cork; Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute; University College Cork; Ireland
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23
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Lee Y, Kim MS, Lee J. Neuroprotective strategies to prevent and treat Parkinson’s disease based on its pathophysiological mechanism. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:1117-1128. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Lee KJ, Jung KH, Cho JY, Lee ST, Kim HS, Shim JH, Lee SK, Kim M, Chu K. High-Fat Diet and Voluntary Chronic Aerobic Exercise Recover Altered Levels of Aging-Related Tryptophan Metabolites along the Kynurenine Pathway. Exp Neurobiol 2017; 26:132-140. [PMID: 28680298 PMCID: PMC5491581 DOI: 10.5607/en.2017.26.3.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan metabolites regulate a variety of physiological processes, and their downstream metabolites enter the kynurenine pathway. Age-related changes of metabolites and activities of associated enzymes in this pathway are suggestable and would be potential intervention targets. Blood levels of serum tryptophan metabolites in C57BL/6 mice of different ages, ranging from 6 weeks to 10 months, were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography, and the enzyme activities for each metabolic step were estimated using the ratio of appropriate metabolite levels. Mice were subjected to voluntary chronic aerobic exercise or high-fat diet to assess their ability to rescue age-related alterations in the kynurenine pathway. The ratio of serum kynurenic acid (KYNA) to 3-hydroxylkynurenine (3-HK) decreased with advancing age. Voluntary chronic aerobic exercise and high-fat diet rescued the decreased KYNA/3-HK ratio in the 6-month-old and 8-month-old mice groups. Tryptophan metabolites and their associated enzyme activities were significantly altered during aging, and the KYNA/3-HK ratio was a meaningful indicator of aging. Exercise and high-fat diet could potentially recover the reduction of the KYNA/3-HK ratio in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon-Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Program in Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Institute of SNUMRC, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Keun-Hwa Jung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Program in Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Institute of SNUMRC, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Soon-Tae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Program in Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Institute of SNUMRC, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hwa Suk Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jun Hwa Shim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sang Kun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Program in Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Institute of SNUMRC, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Manho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Program in Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Institute of SNUMRC, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Kon Chu
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Program in Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Institute of SNUMRC, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
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25
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Mouse strain differences in punished ethanol self-administration. Alcohol 2017; 58:83-92. [PMID: 27814928 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Determining the neural factors contributing to compulsive behaviors such as alcohol-use disorders (AUDs) has become a significant focus of current preclinical research. Comparison of phenotypic differences across genetically distinct mouse strains provides one approach to identify molecular and genetic factors contributing to compulsive-like behaviors. Here we examine a rodent assay for punished ethanol self-administration in four widely used inbred strains known to differ on ethanol-related behaviors: C57BL/6J (B6), DBA/2J (D2), 129S1/SvImJ (S1), and BALB/cJ (BALB). Mice were trained in an operant task (FR1) to reliably lever-press for 10% ethanol using a sucrose-fading procedure. Once trained, mice received a punishment session in which lever pressing resulted in alternating ethanol reward and footshock, followed by tests to probe the effects of punishment on ethanol self-administration. Results indicated significant strain differences in training performance and punished attenuation of ethanol self-administration. S1 and BALB showed robust attenuation of ethanol self-administration after punishment, whereas behavior in B6 was attenuated only when the punishment and probe tests were conducted in the same contexts. By contrast, D2 were insensitive to punishment regardless of context, despite receiving more shocks during punishment and exhibiting normal footshock reactivity. Additionally, B6, but not D2, reduced operant self-administration when ethanol was devalued with a bitter tastant. B6 and D2 showed devaluation of sucrose self-administration, and punished suppression of sucrose seeking was context dependent in both the strains. While previous studies have demonstrated avoidance of ethanol in D2, particularly when ethanol is orally available from a bottle, current findings suggest this strain may exhibit heightened compulsive-like self-administration of ethanol, although there are credible alternative explanations for the phenotype of this strain. In sum, these findings offer a foundation for future studies examining the neural and genetic factors underlying AUDs.
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26
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Wang J, Fu X, Zhang D, Yu L, Li N, Lu Z, Gao Y, Wang M, Liu X, Zhou C, Han W, Yan B, Wang J. ChAT-positive neurons participate in subventricular zone neurogenesis after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Behav Brain Res 2017; 316:145-151. [PMID: 27609645 PMCID: PMC5048585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of post-stroke neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) are unclear. However, neural stem cell-intrinsic and neurogenic niche mechanisms, as well as neurotransmitters, have been shown to play important roles in SVZ neurogenesis. Recently, a previously unknown population of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)+ neurons residing in rodent SVZ were identified to have direct control over neural stem cell proliferation by indirectly activating fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR). This finding revealed possible neuronal control over SVZ neurogenesis. In this study, we assessed whether these ChAT+ neurons also participate in stroke-induced neurogenesis. We used a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model produced by transcranial electrocoagulation in mice, atropine (muscarinic cholinergic receptor [mAchR] antagonist), and donepezil (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor) to investigate the role of ChAT+ neurons in stroke-induced neurogenesis. We found that mAchRs, phosphorylated protein kinase C (p-PKC), and p-38 levels in the SVZ were upregulated in mice on day 7 after MCAO. MCAO also significantly increased the number of BrdU/doublecortin-positive cells and protein levels of phosphorylated-neural cell adhesion molecule and mammalian achaete scute homolog-1. FGFR was activated in the SVZ, and doublecortin-positive cells increased in the peri-infarction region. These post-stroke neurogenic effects were enhanced by donepezil and partially decreased by atropine. Neither atropine nor donepezil affected peri-infarct microglial activation or serum concentrations of TNF-α, IFN-γ, or TGF-β on day 7 after MCAO. We conclude that ChAT+ neurons in the SVZ may participate in stroke-induced neurogenesis, suggesting a new mechanism for neurogenesis after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xiaojie Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lie Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhengfang Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yufeng Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Menghan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Chenguang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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27
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Mock JT, Chaudhari K, Sidhu A, Sumien N. The influence of vitamins E and C and exercise on brain aging. Exp Gerontol 2016; 94:69-72. [PMID: 27939444 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Age-related declines in motor and cognitive function have been associated with increases in oxidative stress. Accordingly, interventions capable of reducing the oxidative burden would be capable of preventing or reducing functional declines occurring during aging. Popular interventions such as antioxidant intake and moderate exercise are often recommended to attain healthy aging and have the capacity to alter redox burden. This review is intended to summarize the outcomes of antioxidant supplementation (more specifically of vitamins C and E) and exercise training on motor and cognitive declines during aging, and on measures of oxidative stress. Additionally, we will address whether co-implementation of these two types of interventions can potentially further their individual benefits. Together, these studies highlight the importance of using translationally-relevant parameters for interventions and to study their combined outcomes on healthy brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thomas Mock
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Kiran Chaudhari
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Akram Sidhu
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Nathalie Sumien
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
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28
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Cortez I, Bulavin DV, Wu P, McGrath EL, Cunningham KA, Wakamiya M, Papaconstantinou J, Dineley KT. Aged dominant negative p38α MAPK mice are resistant to age-dependent decline in adult-neurogenesis and context discrimination fear conditioning. Behav Brain Res 2016; 322:212-222. [PMID: 27765672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A major aspect of mammalian aging is the decline in functional competence of many self-renewing cell types, including adult-born neuronal precursors. Since age-related senescence of self-renewal occurs simultaneously with chronic up-regulation of the p38MAPKalpha (p38α) signaling pathway, we used the dominant negative mouse model for attenuated p38α activity (DN-p38αAF/+) in which Thr180 and Tyr182 are mutated (T→A/Y→F) to prevent phosphorylation activation (DN-p38αAF/+) and kinase activity. As a result, aged DN-p38αAF/+ mice are resistant to age-dependent decline in proliferation and regeneration of several peripheral tissue progenitors when compared to wild-type littermates. Aging is the major risk factor for non-inherited forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD); environmental and genetic risk factors that accelerate the senescence phenotype are thought to contribute to an individual's relative risk. In the present study, we evaluated aged DN-p38αAF/+ and wildtype littermates in a series of behavioral paradigms to test if p38α mutant mice exhibit altered baseline abnormalities in neurological reflexes, locomotion, anxiety-like behavior, and age-dependent cognitive decline. While aged DN-p38αAF/+ and wildtype littermates appear equal in all tested baseline neurological and behavioral parameters, DN-p38αAF/+ exhibit superior context discrimination fear conditioning. Context discrimination is a cognitive task that is supported by proliferation and differentiation of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Consistent with enhanced context discrimination in aged DN-p38αAF/+, we discovered enhanced production of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus of DN-p38αAF/+ mice compared to wildtype littermates. Our findings support the notion that p38α inhibition has therapeutic utility in aging diseases that affect cognition, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- IbDanelo Cortez
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA.
| | - Dmitry V Bulavin
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice, INSERM, University of Nice, France
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA
| | - Erica L McGrath
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA
| | - Kathryn A Cunningham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA
| | - Maki Wakamiya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA; Transgenic Mouse Core Facility, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA
| | - John Papaconstantinou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA
| | - Kelly T Dineley
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA
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29
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The effects of hormones and physical exercise on hippocampal structural plasticity. Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 41:23-43. [PMID: 26989000 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus plays an integral role in certain aspects of cognition. Hippocampal structural plasticity and in particular adult hippocampal neurogenesis can be influenced by several intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Here we review how hormones (i.e., intrinsic modulators) and physical exercise (i.e., an extrinsic modulator) can differentially modulate hippocampal plasticity in general and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in particular. Specifically, we provide an overview of the effects of sex hormones, stress hormones, and metabolic hormones on hippocampal structural plasticity and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In addition, we also discuss how physical exercise modulates these forms of hippocampal plasticity, giving particular emphasis on how this modulation can be affected by variables such as exercise regime, duration, and intensity. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the modulation of hippocampal structural plasticity by intrinsic and extrinsic factors will impact the design of new therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring hippocampal plasticity following brain injury or neurodegeneration.
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30
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Pence BD, Gibbons TE, Bhattacharya TK, Mach H, Ossyra JM, Petr G, Martin SA, Wang L, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV, McCusker RH, Kelley KW, Rhodes JS, Johnson RW, Woods JA. Effects of exercise and dietary epigallocatechin gallate and β-alanine on skeletal muscle in aged mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 41:181-90. [PMID: 26761622 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aging leads to sarcopenia and loss of physical function. We examined whether voluntary wheel running, when combined with dietary supplementation with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and β-alanine (β-ALA), could improve muscle function and alter gene expression in the gastrocnemius of aged mice. Seventeen-month-old BALB/cByJ mice were given access to a running wheel or remained sedentary for 41 days while receiving either AIN-93M (standard feed) or AIN-93M containing 1.5 mg·kg(-1) EGCG and 3.43 mg·kg(-1) β-ALA. Mice underwent tests over 11 days from day 29 to day 39 of the study period, including muscle function testing (grip strength, treadmill exhaustive fatigue, rotarod). Following a rest day, mice were euthanized and gastrocnemii were collected for analysis of gene expression by quantitative PCR. Voluntary wheel running (VWR) improved rotarod and treadmill exhaustive fatigue performance and maintained grip strength in aged mice, while dietary intervention had no effect. VWR increased gastrocnemius expression of several genes, including those encoding interleukin-6 (Il6, p = 0.001), superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1, p = 0.046), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (Ppargc1a, p = 0.013), forkhead box protein O3 (Foxo3, p = 0.005), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf, p = 0.008), while reducing gastrocnemius levels of the lipid peroxidation marker 4-hydroxynonenal (p = 0.019). Dietary intervention alone increased gastrocnemius expression of Ppargc1a (p = 0.033) and genes encoding NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 (Sirt1, p = 0.039), insulin-like growth factor I (Igf1, p = 0.003), and macrophage marker CD11b (Itgam, p = 0.016). Exercise and a diet containing β-ALA and EGCG differentially regulated gene expression in the gastrocnemius of aged mice, while VWR but not dietary intervention improved muscle function. We found no synergistic effects between dietary intervention and VWR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandt D Pence
- a Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Trisha E Gibbons
- b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,c Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tushar K Bhattacharya
- d Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61820, USA.,e Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Houston Mach
- d Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61820, USA.,e Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jessica M Ossyra
- d Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61820, USA.,e Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Geraldine Petr
- b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,c Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Stephen A Martin
- a Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- e Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,f Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Stanislav S Rubakhin
- e Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,f Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- e Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,f Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Robert H McCusker
- b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,g Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,h Department of Pathology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Keith W Kelley
- b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,g Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,h Department of Pathology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Justin S Rhodes
- d Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61820, USA.,e Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rodney W Johnson
- b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,c Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,g Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Woods
- a Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,c Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,h Department of Pathology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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31
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Patten AR, Yau SY, Fontaine CJ, Meconi A, Wortman RC, Christie BR. The Benefits of Exercise on Structural and Functional Plasticity in the Rodent Hippocampus of Different Disease Models. Brain Plast 2015; 1:97-127. [PMID: 29765836 PMCID: PMC5928528 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-150016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the benefits of physical exercise on structural and functional plasticity in the hippocampus are discussed. The evidence is clear that voluntary exercise in rats and mice can lead to increases in hippocampal neurogenesis and enhanced synaptic plasticity which ultimately result in improved performance in hippocampal-dependent tasks. Furthermore, in models of neurological disorders, including fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, traumatic brain injury, stroke, and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease exercise can also elicit beneficial effects on hippocampal function. Ultimately this review highlights the multiple benefits of exercise on hippocampal function in both the healthy and the diseased brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R. Patten
- Division of Medical Sciences, Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Suk Yu Yau
- Division of Medical Sciences, Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christine J. Fontaine
- Division of Medical Sciences, Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alicia Meconi
- Division of Medical Sciences, Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan C. Wortman
- Division of Medical Sciences, Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian R. Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences, Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Brain Research Centre and Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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32
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Braida D, Ponzoni L, Matteoli M, Sala M M. Different attentional abilities among inbred mice strains using virtual object recognition task (VORT): SNAP25⁺/⁻ mice as a model of attentional deficit. Behav Brain Res 2015; 296:393-400. [PMID: 26300453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease are characterized by attentional deficits. In the present study we first applied the virtual object recognition test (VORT), where 3D objects were replaced with highly discriminated geometrical shapes and presented on two 3.5-inch widescreen displays, in different inbred mice strains (C57BL/6N, DBA/2J, BALB/cJ), in comparison with the standard object recognition test (NOR). In both NOR and VORT, there was a progressive decay of performance in terms of reduced discrimination index from 5 min to 72 h of inter-trial delay in all strains. However, BALB/cJ inbred mice showed a better long lasting performance than C57BL/6N and DBA/2J, when tested in NOR. In VORT, BALB/cJ showed the best performance. Total exploration time was always higher in BALB/cJ than C57BL/6N and DBA/2J mice. C57BL/6N were less explorative strain than DBA/2J and BALB/cJ mice. When VORT was applied to SNAP-25(+/-) mice, an impairment in both NOR and VORT was shown. However, when moving shapes were applied, these heterozygous mice improved their performance, suggesting that the introduction of motion is a strong cue that makes the task more valuable to study attention deficits. Taken together, these data indicate that VORT provides a useful and rapid tool to identify the attentional deficit in different inbred strains and genetically modified mice, enhancing the value of psychiatric mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Braida
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy; Fondazione Don Gnocchi IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ponzoni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- CNR-Neuroscience Institute, 20129 Milan, Italy; Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariaelvina Sala M
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy; CNR-Neuroscience Institute, 20129 Milan, Italy.
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33
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Koehl M. Gene-environment interaction in programming hippocampal plasticity: focus on adult neurogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:41. [PMID: 26300723 PMCID: PMC4523721 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between genes and environment are a critical feature of development and both contribute to shape individuality. They are at the core of vulnerability resiliency for mental illnesses. During the early postnatal period, several brain structures involved in cognitive and emotional processing, such as the hippocampus, still develop and it is likely that interferences with this neuronal development, which is genetically determined, might lead to long-lasting structural and functional consequences and increase the risk of developing psychopathology. One particular target is adult neurogenesis, which is involved in the regulation of cognitive and emotional processes. Insights into the dynamic interplay between genes and environmental factors in setting up individual rates of neurogenesis have come from laboratory studies exploring experience-dependent changes in adult neurogenesis as a function of individual’s genetic makeup. These studies have implications for our understanding of the mechanisms regulating adult neurogenesis, which could constitute a link between environmental challenges and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Koehl
- INSERM U862, Magendie Neurocenter, Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology Group, Institut F. Magendie Bordeaux Cedex, France ; Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux, France
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Hamilton GF, Majdak P, Miller DS, Bucko PJ, Merritt JR, Krebs CP, Rhodes JS. Evaluation of a C57BL/6J × 129S1/SvImJ Hybrid Nestin-Thymidine Kinase Transgenic Mouse Model for Studying the Functional Significance of Exercise-Induced Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Brain Plast 2015; 1:83-95. [PMID: 28989863 PMCID: PMC5627510 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-150011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
New neurons are continuously generated in the adult hippocampus but their function remains a mystery. The nestin thymidine kinase (nestin-TK) transgenic method has been used for selective and conditional reduction of neurogenesis for the purpose of testing the functional significance of new neurons in learning, memory and motor performance. Here we explored the nestin-TK model on a hybrid genetic background (to increase heterozygosity, and “hybrid vigor”). Transgenic C57BL/6J (B6) were crossed with 129S1/SvImJ (129) producing hybrid offspring (F1) with the B6 half of the genome carrying a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (TK) transgene regulated by a modified nestin promoter. In the presence of exogenously administered valganciclovir, new neurons expressing TK undergo apoptosis. Female B6 nestin-TK mice (n = 80) were evaluated for neurogenesis reduction as a positive control. Male and female F1 nestin-TK mice (n = 223) were used to determine the impact of neurogenesis reduction on the Morris water maze (MWM) and rotarod. All mice received BrdU injections to label dividing cells and either valganciclovir or control chow, with or without a running wheel for 30 days. Both the F1 and B6 background displayed approximately 50% reduction in neurogenesis, a difference that did not impair learning and memory on the MWM or rotarod performance. Running enhanced neurogenesis and performance on the rotarod but not MWM suggesting the F1 background may not be suitable for studying pro-cognitive effects of exercise on MWM. Greater reduction of neurogenesis may be required to observe behavioral impacts. Alternatively, new neurons may not play a critical role in learning, or compensatory mechanisms in pre-existing neurons could have masked the deficits. Further work using these and other models for selectively reducing neurogenesis are needed to establish the functional significance of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, The Beckman Institute, 405N Mathews Ave, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - P Majdak
- Department of Psychology, The Beckman Institute, 405N Mathews Ave, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - D S Miller
- Department of Psychology, The Beckman Institute, 405N Mathews Ave, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - P J Bucko
- Department of Psychology, The Beckman Institute, 405N Mathews Ave, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - J R Merritt
- Department of Psychology, The Beckman Institute, 405N Mathews Ave, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - C P Krebs
- Department of Psychology, The Beckman Institute, 405N Mathews Ave, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - J S Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, The Beckman Institute, 405N Mathews Ave, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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