1
|
Sousa JN, Sousa BVDO, Santos EPD, Ribeiro GHM, Pereira APM, Guimarães VHD, Queiroz LDRP, Motta-Santos D, Farias LC, Guimarães ALS, de Paula AMB, Santos SHS. Effects of gallic acid and physical training on liver damage, force, and anxiety in obese mice: Hepatic modulation of Sestrin 2 (SESN2) and PGC-α expression. Gene 2024; 926:148606. [PMID: 38788813 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are multifactorial diseases affecting more than one-third of the world's population. Physical inactivity contributes to a positive energy balance and the onset of obesity. Exercise combined with a balanced diet is an effective non-pharmacological strategy to improve obesity-related disorders. Gallic acid (GA), is a natural endogenous polyphenol found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and wines, with beneficial effects on energetic homeostasis. The present study aims to investigate the effects of exercise training on obese mice supplemented with GA. Animal experimentation was performed with male Swiss mice divided into five groups: ST (standard control), HFD (obese control), HFD + GA (GA supplement), HFD + Trained (training), and HFD + GA + Trained (GA and training). The groups are treated for eight weeks with 200 mg/kg/body weight of the feed compound and, if applicable, physical training. The main findings of the present study show that GA supplementation improves liver fat, body weight, adiposity, and plasma insulin levels. In addition, animals treated with the GA and a physical training program demonstrate reduced levels of anxiety. Gene expression analyses show that Sesn2 is activated via PGC-1α independent of the GATOR2 protein, which is activated by GA in the context of physical activity. These data are corroborated by molecular docking analysis, demonstrating the interaction of GA with GATOR2. The present study contributes to understanding the metabolic effects of GA and physical training and demonstrates a new hepatic mechanism of action via Sestrin 2 and PGC-1α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaciara Neves Sousa
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Berenilde Valéria de Oliveira Sousa
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pinheiro Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Henrique Mendes Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Post graduate Program in Food and Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Maciel Pereira
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Post graduate Program in Food and Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Dantas Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lorena Dos Reis Pereira Queiroz
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Sports Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucyana Conceição Farias
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Sena Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Maurício Batista de Paula
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Post graduate Program in Food and Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Noronha SISR, de Moraes LAG, Hassell JE, Stamper CE, Arnold MR, Heinze JD, Foxx CL, Lieb MM, Cler KE, Karns BL, Jaekel S, Loupy KM, Silva FCS, Chianca-Jr DA, Lowry CA, de Menezes RC. High-fat diet, microbiome-gut-brain axis signaling, and anxiety-like behavior in male rats. Biol Res 2024; 57:23. [PMID: 38705984 PMCID: PMC11071217 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, associated with the intake of a high-fat diet (HFD), and anxiety are common among those living in modern urban societies. Recent studies suggest a role of microbiome-gut-brain axis signaling, including a role for brain serotonergic systems in the relationship between HFD and anxiety. Evidence suggests the gut microbiome and the serotonergic brain system together may play an important role in this response. Here we conducted a nine-week HFD protocol in male rats, followed by an analysis of the gut microbiome diversity and community composition, brainstem serotonergic gene expression (tph2, htr1a, and slc6a4), and anxiety-related defensive behavioral responses. We show that HFD intake decreased alpha diversity and altered the community composition of the gut microbiome in association with obesity, increased brainstem tph2, htr1a and slc6a4 mRNA expression, including in the caudal part of the dorsomedial dorsal raphe nucleus (cDRD), a subregion previously associated with stress- and anxiety-related behavioral responses, and, finally, increased anxiety-related defensive behavioral responses. The HFD increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio relative to control diet, as well as higher relative abundances of Blautia, and decreases in Prevotella. We found that tph2, htr1a and slc6a4 mRNA expression were increased in subregions of the dorsal raphe nucleus in the HFD, relative to control diet. Specific bacterial taxa were associated with increased serotonergic gene expression in the cDRD. Thus, we propose that HFD-induced obesity is associated with altered microbiome-gut-serotonergic brain axis signaling, leading to increased anxiety-related defensive behavioral responses in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvana I S Rendeiro de Noronha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Lauro Angelo Gonçalves de Moraes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
- Computing Department, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - James E Hassell
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Christopher E Stamper
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Mathew R Arnold
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Jared D Heinze
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Christine L Foxx
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Margaret M Lieb
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Kristin E Cler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Bree L Karns
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Sophia Jaekel
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Kelsey M Loupy
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Fernanda C S Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Deoclécio Alves Chianca-Jr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Rodrigo Cunha de Menezes
- Department of Biological Science Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro s/n, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gopalan C, Niepoetter P, Butts-Wilmsmeyer C, Medavaka S, Ogle A, Daughrity S, Hackmann E, Mogan S, Lenz O. Comparison of intermittent fasting and voluntary wheel running on physical and cognitive abilities in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293415. [PMID: 38055657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular physical activity is a proven routine for weight management in addressing obesity. Another method that has gained attention for its health benefits is intermittent fasting (IF). Physical and cognitive abilities while on these routines are poorly understood in the obese population. Sixty-five male Sprague Dawley rats at 7 weeks of age were subjected to diet-induced obesity by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) or a standard diet (SD) for 8 weeks, after which behavioral testing was performed to detect any changes in physical and cognitive abilities. Rats from the HFD-fed (now considered obese) and SD-fed groups were then subjected to IF (18-hour fast and 6-hour feeding daily), voluntary wheel running (VWR), or control conditions for 3 weeks before repeating the same behavioral testing protocol. IF resulted in less weight gain (p<0.05) and elevated ketone levels (p<0.05) in both SD and HFD-fed groups. IF improved physical activity when compared to VWR and control animals in both SD and HFD-fed groups (p<0.05) while the VWR group in the SD-fed rats exhibited less physical fatigue compared to IF and controls (p<0.05). Additionally, elevated ketone levels were weakly correlated with decreased physical (p<0.0001) and exploratory behavior (p<0.01). These results suggest that IF is more effective than VWR in HFD and SD-fed rats in minimizing weight gain and retaining physical activity, and ketones may play a part in establishing the reported physical benefits. Exploration of physiological mechanisms between ketones, diet, and exercise will help fight obesity and many associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaya Gopalan
- Department of Applied Health, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States of America
- Department of Nurse Anesthesiology, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States of America
| | - Paige Niepoetter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Butts-Wilmsmeyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States of America
- Center for Predictive Analytics, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States of America
| | - Sai Medavaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States of America
| | - Avery Ogle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States of America
| | - Sheyenne Daughrity
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Hackmann
- Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States of America
| | - Saruveish Mogan
- Department of Applied Health, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States of America
| | - Oskar Lenz
- Department of Applied Health, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yehuda H, Madrer N, Goldberg D, Soreq H, Meerson A. Inversely Regulated Inflammation-Related Processes Mediate Anxiety-Obesity Links in Zebrafish Larvae and Adults. Cells 2023; 12:1794. [PMID: 37443828 PMCID: PMC10341043 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and metabolic impairments are often inter-related, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. To seek RNAs involved in the anxiety disorder-metabolic disorder link, we subjected zebrafish larvae to caffeine-induced anxiety or high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity followed by RNA sequencing and analyses. Notably, differentially expressed (DE) transcripts in these larval models and an adult zebrafish caffeine-induced anxiety model, as well as the transcript profiles of inherently anxious versus less anxious zebrafish strains and high-fat diet-fed versus standard diet-fed adult zebrafish, revealed inversely regulated DE transcripts. In both larval anxiety and obesity models, these included long noncoding RNAs and transfer RNA fragments, with the overrepresented immune system and inflammation pathways, e.g., the "interleukin signaling pathway" and "inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathway". In adulthood, overrepresented immune system processes included "T cell activation", "leukocyte cell-cell adhesion", and "antigen processing and presentation". Furthermore, unlike adult zebrafish, obesity in larvae was not accompanied by anxiety-like behavior. Together, these results may reflect an antagonistic pleiotropic phenomenon involving a re-adjusted modulation of the anxiety-metabolic links with an occurrence of the acquired immune system. Furthermore, the HFD potential to normalize anxiety-upregulated immune-related genes may reflect the high-fat diet protection of anxiety and neurodegeneration reported by others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hila Yehuda
- MIGAL—Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; (H.Y.); (N.M.)
| | - Nimrod Madrer
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; (H.Y.); (N.M.)
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Doron Goldberg
- MIGAL—Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel;
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; (H.Y.); (N.M.)
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ari Meerson
- MIGAL—Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cai Y, Liu P, Zhou X, Yuan J, Chen Q. Probiotics therapy show significant improvement in obesity and neurobehavioral disorders symptoms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1178399. [PMID: 37249983 PMCID: PMC10213414 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1178399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex metabolic disease, with cognitive impairment being an essential complication. Gut microbiota differs markedly between individuals with and without obesity. The microbial-gut-brain axis is an important pathway through which metabolic factors, such as obesity, affect the brain. Probiotics have been shown to alleviate symptoms associated with obesity and neurobehavioral disorders. In this review, we evaluated previously published studies on the effectiveness of probiotic interventions in reducing cognitive impairment, depression, and anxiety associated with obesity or a high-fat diet. Most of the probiotics studied have beneficial health effects on obesity-induced cognitive impairment and anxiety. They positively affect immune regulation, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hippocampal function, intestinal mucosa protection, and glucolipid metabolism regulation. Probiotics can influence changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and the ratio between various flora. However, probiotics should be used with caution, particularly in healthy individuals. Future research should further explore the mechanisms underlying the gut-brain axis, obesity, and cognitive function while overcoming the significant variation in study design and high risk of bias in the current evidence.
Collapse
|
6
|
Jantsch J, Rodrigues FDS, Fraga GDF, Eller S, Silveira AK, Moreira JCF, Giovernardi M, Guedes RP. Calorie restriction mitigates metabolic, behavioral and neurochemical effects of cafeteria diet in aged male rats. J Nutr Biochem 2023:109371. [PMID: 37169228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Besides metabolic dysfunctions, elderly individuals with obesity are at special risk of developing cognitive decline and psychiatric disturbances. Restricted calorie consumption could be an efficient strategy to improve metabolic function after obesity. However, its effects on anxiety-like behaviors in aged rats submitted to an obesogenic diet are unknown. For this purpose, 42 Wistar rats (18-months old) were divided into four groups: Control (CT), calorie restriction (CR), cafeteria diet (CAF), and CAF+CR (CAF/CR). CT, CR, and CAF groups received the diets for 8 weeks. CAF/CR group was submitted to the CAF menu for 7 weeks and then switched to a standard diet on a CR regimen, receiving 30% lower calories than consumed by the CT, for another 5 weeks. CAF's menu consisted of ultra-processed foods such as cookies, chocolate, sausage, and bologna. Body weight, visceral adiposity, and biochemical blood analysis were evaluated for obesity diagnosis. The profile of gut microbiota was investigated, along with circulating levels of LPS. Neurochemical parameters, such as neurotransmitter levels, were dosed. Anxiety-like behaviors were accessed using open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests. As expected, CR reduced weight gain and improved glucose homeostasis. Gut microbiome disturbance was found in CAF-fed animals accompanied by increased levels of LPS. However, CR after CAF mitigated several harmful responses. The obesogenic diet triggered anxiety-like manifestations in the OF and EPM tests that were not evidenced in the CAF/CR group. These findings indicate that CR can be a promising strategy for the neurological effects of obesity in aged rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson Jantsch
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Fernanda da Silva Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Farias Fraga
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Sarah Eller
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Kleber Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Márcia Giovernardi
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Santos ÁRC, Abreu ARR, Noronha SISR, Reis TO, Santos DM, Chianca-Jr DA, da Silva LG, de Menezes RCA, Velloso-Rodrigues C. Thermoregulatory responses, heart rate, and the susceptibility to anxiety in obese animals subjected to stress. Physiol Behav 2023; 266:114181. [PMID: 37019294 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and stress are related to cardiovascular diseases. Rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) show increased cardiovascular reactivity to emotional stress and altered defensive behavioral responses. Indeed, changes in thermoregulatory responses in an aversive environment are observed in these animals. However, studies aimed at clarifying the physiological mechanisms linking obesity, stress hyperreactivity and behavioral changes are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in thermoregulatory responses, heart rate, and the susceptibility to anxiety in obese animals subjected to stress. Nine-week high-fat diet protocol was effective in inducing obesity by increasing weight gain, fat mass, adiposity index, white epididymal, retroperitoneal, inguinal and brown adipose tissue. Animals induced to obesity and subjected to stress (HFDS group) by the intruder animal method showed increases in heart rate (HR), core body temperature and tail temperature. HFDS showed an increase in the first exposure to the closed arm (anxiety-like behavior) in elevated T-Maze (ETM). The groups did not differ with respect to panic behavior assessed in the ETM and locomotor activity in the open field test. Our study shows that HFDS animals presented increased reactivity to stress with higher stress hyperthermia and anxious behavior. Thus, our results present relevant information regarding stress responsiveness and behavioral changes in obese animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Áquila Rodrigues Costa Santos
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Basic Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Aline Rezende R Abreu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Sylvana I S R Noronha
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Thayane Oliveira Reis
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta Santos
- Department of Sports, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Deoclécio Alves Chianca-Jr
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga da Silva
- Department of Basic Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cunha Alvim de Menezes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Cibele Velloso-Rodrigues
- Department of Basic Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abedi A, Foroutan T, Mohaghegh Shalmani L, Dargahi L. Sex-specific effects of high-fat diet on rat brain glucose metabolism and early-onset dementia symptoms. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111795. [PMID: 36828273 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral metabolic disturbances are associated with a variety of clinical health consequences and may contribute to the development of neurocognitive disorders. This study investigates whether long-term high-fat diet (HFD) consumption changes the brain glucose metabolism and impairs memory performance in a sex-dependent manner. Male and female rats, after weaning, were fed HFD or normal chow diet (NCD) for 16 weeks. Behavioral tests for spatial memory and an 18 F-FDG-PET scan were performed. Also, the expression of brain insulin resistance markers and Alzheimer's pathology-related genes was assessed by qPCR. The Morris water maze and Y-maze results showed, respectively, that memory retrieval and spatial working memory were impaired only in HFD male rats compared to NCD controls. In addition, measuring whole brain 18 F-FDG uptake indicated a significant reduction in glucose metabolism in male but not female HFD rats. Analysis of 15 genes related to glucose metabolism and Alzheimer's pathology, in the hippocampus, showed that expression of GLUT3, IRS2, and IDE is significantly reduced in HFD male rats. Our results suggest that sex affects the HFD-induced dysregulation of brain glucose metabolism and cognitive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Abedi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Foroutan
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Leila Mohaghegh Shalmani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lama A, Del Piano F, Annunziata C, Comella F, Opallo N, Melini S, Grumetto L, Pirozzi C, Mattace Raso G, Meli R, Ferrante MC. Bisphenol A exacerbates anxiety-like behavior and neuroinflammation in prefrontal cortex of adult obese mice. Life Sci 2023; 313:121301. [PMID: 36535405 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical inducing several damages such as neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and metabolic disorders. Obesity is the main risk factor for the increased occurrence of metabolic alterations as well as mood disorders. Here, we investigated in obese mice the effects of BPA on anxiety-like behavior, associated with neuroinflammation and immune activation. MAIN METHODS Male C57Bl/6J mice were divided into 4 groups: control group (STD) receiving chow diet and BPA vehicle; STD group treated with BPA (50 μg/kg/die); high-fat diet (HFD) group receiving BPA vehicle; HFD group treated with BPA. BPA treatment started 12 weeks after HFD feeding and lasted 3 weeks. KEY FINDINGS The open field and elevated plus-maze tests showed in HFD + BPA group the worsening of HFD-induced anxiety-like behavior. The anxiogenic effects of BPA also emerged from hyperactivation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland axis, determined by the increased transcription of Crh and its receptor in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Furthermore, BPA activated NLRP3 inflammasome and exacerbated the neuroinflammation induced by HFD, increasing IL-1β, TNF-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in PFC. Furthermore, it induced inflammation and monocyte recruitment in hypothalamus and amygdala. Contextually, BPA significantly amplified the immune activation caused by lipid overload as evidenced by the increased expression of TLR-4 and MCP-1 in the PFC and triggered mastocytosis in the hypothalamus rather than STD mice. SIGNIFICANCE All these data show that sub-chronic BPA exposure represents an additional risk factor for mood disorders strictly related to obesity, enhancing neuroinflammation and immune activation triggered by HFD feeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - F Del Piano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - C Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - F Comella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - N Opallo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - S Melini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - L Grumetto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - C Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - G Mattace Raso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - R Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M C Ferrante
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bühler D, Power Guerra N, Müller L, Wolkenhauer O, Düffer M, Vollmar B, Kuhla A, Wolfien M. Leptin deficiency-caused behavioral change - A comparative analysis using EthoVision and DeepLabCut. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1052079. [PMID: 37034162 PMCID: PMC10079875 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1052079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obese rodents e.g., the leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mouse exhibit remarkable behavioral changes and are therefore ideal models for evaluating mental disorders resulting from obesity. In doing so, female as well as male ob/ob mice at 8, 24, and 40 weeks of age underwent two common behavioral tests, namely the Open Field test and Elevated Plus Maze, to investigate behavioral alteration in a sex- and age dependent manner. The accuracy of these tests is often dependent on the observer that can subjectively influence the data. Methods To avoid this bias, mice were tracked with a video system. Video files were further analyzed by the compared use of two software, namely EthoVision (EV) and DeepLabCut (DLC). In DLC a Deep Learning application forms the basis for using artificial intelligence in behavioral research in the future, also with regard to the reduction of animal numbers. Results After no sex and partly also no age-related differences were found, comparison revealed that both software lead to almost identical results and are therefore similar in their basic outcomes, especially in the determination of velocity and total distance movement. Moreover, we observed additional benefits of DLC compared to EV as it enabled the interpretation of more complex behavior, such as rearing and leaning, in an automated manner. Discussion Based on the comparable results from both software, our study can serve as a starting point for investigating behavioral alterations in preclinical studies of obesity by using DLC to optimize and probably to predict behavioral observations in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bühler
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Medical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nicole Power Guerra
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luisa Müller
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Düffer
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Angela Kuhla
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- *Correspondence: Angela Kuhla,
| | - Markus Wolfien
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (ScaDS.AI), Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lof J, Smits K, Melotte V, Kuil LE. The health effect of probiotics on high-fat diet-induced cognitive impairment, depression and anxiety: A cross-species systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104634. [PMID: 35339484 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease with many co-morbidities, including impaired cognitive functions. Obese individuals often contain an aberrant microbiota. Via the microbiota-gut-brain axis, the altered microbiota composition can affect cognition or induce anxiety- or depressive-like behavior. Probiotics have been shown to alleviate both obesity- and neurobehavioral disorder-related symptoms. Here, we evaluated previously published results on the effectiveness of probiotic intervention in alleviating obesity- or high-fat diet (HFD)-related cognitive impairment, depression and anxiety. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar until June 2021 to identify relevant articles. Seventeen studies were included: one human and sixteen animal studies. Overall, the findings support the beneficial health effect of probiotics on HFD-induced cognitive impairment and anxiety. However, the results suggest that multi-strain probiotic treatments should be used with caution, especially in the absence of HFD-induced impairment. Future studies should overcome the large variation in study design and high risk of bias found in the current evidence. Nevertheless, probiotic treatment, in particular using the Lactobacillus genus, seems promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lof
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K Smits
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - V Melotte
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L E Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Leuthardt AS, Bayer J, Monné Rodríguez JM, Boyle CN. Influence of High Energy Diet and Polygenic Predisposition for Obesity on Postpartum Health in Rat Dams. Front Physiol 2022; 12:772707. [PMID: 35222059 PMCID: PMC8867007 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.772707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that 30% of pregnant women worldwide are overweight or obese, leading to adverse health effects for both mother and child. Women with obesity during pregnancy are at higher risk for developing both metabolic and mental disorders, such as diabetes and depression. Numerous studies have used rodent models of maternal obesity to understand its consequences on the offspring, yet characterization of changes in the dams is rare, and most rodent models rely solely on a high fat diet to induce maternal obesity, without regarding genetic propensity for obesity. Here we present the influence of both peripartum high energy diet (HE) and obesity-proneness on maternal health using selectively bred diet-resistant (DR) and diet-induced obese (DIO) rat dams. Outbred Sprague-Dawley rats were challenged with HE diet prior to mating and bred according to their propensity to gain weight. The original outbred breeding dams (F0) were maintained on low-fat chow during pregnancy and lactation. By comparison, the F1 dams consuming HE diet during pregnancy and lactation displayed higher gestational body weight gain (P < 0.01), and HE diet caused increased meal size and reduced meal frequency (P < 0.001). Sensitivity to the hormone amylin was preserved during pregnancy, regardless of diet. After several rounds of selective breeding, DIO and DR dams from generation F3 were provided chow or HE during pregnancy and lactation and assessed for their postpartum physiology and behaviors. We observed strong diet and phenotype effects on gestational weight gain, with DIO-HE dams gaining 119% more weight than DR-chow (P < 0.001). A high-resolution analysis of maternal behaviors did not detect main effects of diet or phenotype, but a subset of DIO dams showed delayed nursing behavior (P < 0.05). In generation F6/F7 dams, effects on gestational weight gain persisted (P < 0.01), and we observed a main effect of phenotype during a sucrose preference test (P < 0.05), with DIO-chow dams showing lower sucrose preference than DR controls (P < 0.05). Both DIO and DR dams consuming HE diet had hepatic steatosis (P < 0.001) and exhibited reduced leptin sensitivity in the arcuate nucleus (P < 0.001). These data demonstrate that both diet and genetic obesity-proneness have consequences on maternal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S. Leuthardt
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Bayer
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Josep M. Monné Rodríguez
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology (LAMP), Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina N. Boyle
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Christina N. Boyle,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Royal W, Bryant J, Davis H, Guo M. Cigarette smoke and nicotine effects on behavior in HIV transgenic rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 417:113591. [PMID: 34551347 PMCID: PMC9107950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
HIV-related neurocognitive impairment can be worsened by cigarette smoking and be more severe in women. Therefore, we analyzed the effects of sex on behavioral function in HIV transgenic (Tg) rats that were exposed to either nicotine alone, to smoke from either nicotine-containing or nicotine-free cigarettes, or non-exposed. The animals were then assessed on the open field test for the total distance traveled and for the fraction of the total distance traveled and the total time spent in the center of the field, and the results then compared to WT rats subjected to the same exposures and testing. Higher total distances indicate greater locomotor activity and a higher center field measures imply a lower anxiety state. Total distances were overall higher for female and for Tg rats exposed to nicotine-free CS. Also, the total distance and both center field measures were overall higher for female rats in the control and nicotine-free CS-exposed groups. This was observed specifically for WT females as compared to WT males and, for the center field measures, for WT females as compared to Tg males. No genotype or sex-related differences were found for rats in the nicotine-free cigarette smoke (CS) and nicotine-containing CS exposed groups. Therefore, nicotine exposure did not impact genotype- and sex-related differences in motor responses and anxiety levels that were found in the control state. However, exposure to the non-nicotine components of CS resulted in locomotor activation in the presence of the HIV genes and was anxiogenic in WT and Tg male animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Royal
- Morehouse School of Medicine Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia; Atlanta VA Medical Center, USA; University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Joseph Bryant
- University of Maryland School Institute of Human Virology, USA; University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Harry Davis
- University of Maryland School Institute of Human Virology, USA; University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Ming Guo
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
London E, Stratakis CA. The regulation of PKA signaling in obesity and in the maintenance of metabolic health. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108113. [PMID: 35051439 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) system represents a primary cell-signaling pathway throughout systems and across species. PKA facilitates the actions of hormones, neurotransmitters and other signaling molecules that bind G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) to modulate cAMP levels. Through its control of synaptic events, exocytosis, transcriptional regulation, and more, PKA signaling regulates cellular metabolism and emotional and stress responses making it integral in the maintenance and dysregulation of energy homeostasis. Neural PKA signaling is regulated by afferent and peripheral efferent signals that link specific neural cell populations to the regulation of metabolic processes in adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, adrenal, skeletal muscle, and gut. Mouse models have provided invaluable information on the roles for PKA subunits in brain and key metabolic organs. While limited, human studies infer differential regulation of the PKA system in obese compared to lean individuals. Variants identified in PKA subunit genes cause Cushing syndrome that is characterized by metabolic dysregulation associated with endogenous glucocorticoid excess. Under healthy physiologic conditions, the PKA system is exquisitely regulated by stimuli that activate GPCRs to alter intracellular cAMP concentrations, and by PKA cellular localization and holoenzyme stability. Adenylate cyclase activity generates cAMP while phosphodiesterase-mediated cAMP degradation to AMP decreases cAMP levels downstream of GPCRs. Chronic perturbations in PKA signaling appear to be capable of resetting PKA regulation at several levels; in addition, sex differences in PKA signaling regulation, while not well understood, impact the physiologic consequences of metabolic dysregulation and obesity. This review explores the roles for PKA signaling in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated co-morbidities through neural-peripheral crosstalk and cAMP/PKA signaling pathway targets that hold therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edra London
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA.
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA; Human Genetics & Precision Medicine, IMBB, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Greece; Research Institute, ELPEN, SA, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lavallee KL, Zhang XC, Schneider S, Margraf J. Obesity and Mental Health: A Longitudinal, Cross-Cultural Examination in Germany and China. Front Psychol 2021; 12:712567. [PMID: 34646201 PMCID: PMC8504480 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.712567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examines the relationship between obesity and mental health using longitudinal data. Participants with data at baseline and one-year follow-up were included from two countries: Germany (364) and China (9007). A series of structural equation models with three mediators and one moderator were conducted separately for female and male students in Germany and China. Zero-order correlations indicated that overweight/obesity was significantly related to later depression and anxiety in Chinese males. Additional effects of obesity on later mental health flowed through effects on attractiveness (Chinese and German females, and Chinese males), physical health (Chinese males), and life satisfaction (German females). Though overweight/obesity is related to mental health across many other studies, results in this study yield total effects between overweight/obesity and follow-up mental health only in Chinese males. The relationship between overweight/obesity and follow-up mental health was significantly mediated by follow-up attractiveness, or health state, or life satisfaction in German females, Chinese females, and Chinese male students, with no significant indirect effects found in German male students. This highlights the possible importance of culture in examining these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Lavallee
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Xiao Chi Zhang
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Silvia Schneider
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are major causes of the global burden of diseases, frequently co-occurring with multiple co-morbidities, especially obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its various risk factors in the metabolic syndrome. While the determining factors of neuropsychiatric disorders are complex, recent studies have shown that there is a strong link between diet, metabolic state and neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression. There is no doubt that rodent models are of great value for preclinical research. Therefore, this article focuses on a rodent model of chronic consumption of high-fat diet (HFD), and/or the addition of a certain amount of cholesterol or sugar, meanwhile, summarising the pattern of diet that induces anxiety/depressive-like behaviour and the underlying mechanism. We highlight how dietary and metabolic risk influence neuropsychiatric behaviour in animals. Changes in dietary patterns, especially HFD, can induce anxiety- or depression-like behaviours, which may vary by diet exposure period, sex, age, species and genetic background of the animals used. Furthermore, dietary patterns significantly aggravate anxiety/depression-like behaviour in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. The mechanisms by which diet induces anxiety/depressive-like behaviour may involve neuroinflammation, neurotransmitters/neuromodulators, neurotrophins and the gut-brain axis. Future research should be focused on elucidating the mechanism and identifying the contribution of diet and diet-induced metabolic risk to neuropsychiatric disorders, which can form the basis for future clinical dietary intervention strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
|
17
|
Cheng J, Zhang M, Cheng S, Li F, Zhang B, Sun X, Hu H, Chen L, Zhao Z, Hu H, Zhang Z. Low-dose alcohol ameliorated high fat diet-induced anxiety-related behavior via enhancing adiponectin expression and activating the Nrf2 pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:241-251. [PMID: 33295905 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02704a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Long-term high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity is associated with many comorbidities, such as cognitive impairment and anxiety, which are increasing public health burdens that have gained prevalence in adolescents. Although low-dose alcohol could attenuate the risk of cardiovascular disease, its mechanism on HFD-induced anxiety-related behavior remains not clear. The mice were divided into 4 groups, Control (Con), Alcohol (Alc), HFD and HFD + Alc groups. To verify the effects of low-dose alcohol on HFD-induced anxiety-related behavior, the mice were fed with HFD for 16 weeks. At the beginning of week 13, the HFD-fed mice were administered intragastrically with low-dose alcohol (0.8 g kg-1) for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of oral administration, low-dose alcohol decreased body weight and Lee's index in HFD-induced obese mice. Moreover, low-dose alcohol alleviated the anxiety-related behaviors of obese mice in the open field test and the elevated plus maze test. The HFD-induced damage to the hippocampus was improved in hematoxylin-eosin staining assay in mice. In addition, low-dose alcohol also suppressed HFD-induced oxidative stress and increased HFD-suppressed adiponectin (APN) expression and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation in the hippocampus. Taken together, low-dose alcohol significantly ameliorates HFD-induced obesity, oxidative stress and anxiety-related behavior in mice, which might be related to APN upregulation, Nrf2 activation and related antioxidase expression including SOD1, HO-1, and catalase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Shaoli Cheng
- Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Fan Li
- Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Bingyi Zhang
- Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Huijuan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China. and Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Zhenghang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China. and Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China. and Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China and Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Zhanqin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Medina-Reyes EI, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Díaz-Urbina D, Rodríguez-Ibarra C, Déciga-Alcaraz A, González MI, Reyes JL, Villamar-Duque TE, Flores-Sánchez ML, Hernández-Pando R, Mancilla-Díaz JM, Chirino YI, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) induces anxiety, adenomas in colon and goblet cells hyperplasia in a regular diet model and microvesicular steatosis in a high fat diet model. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111786. [PMID: 33038453 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) is a white additive widely used in solid and liquid food products. There is still debate about E171 toxic effects after oral consumption since this additive is deposited in colon, liver, spleen, testis and brain. The consumption of E171 commonly occurs with Western diets that are characterized by a high fat content. Thus, E171 could worsen adverse effects associated with a high fat diet (HFD) such as anxiety, colon diseases and testicular damage. We aimed to evaluate the effects of E171 on anxiety-like behavior, colon, liver and testis and to analyze if the administration of a HFD could exacerbate adverse effects. E171 was administered at ~5 mg/kgbw by drinking water for 16 weeks and mice were fed with a Regular Diet or a HFD. E171 promoted anxiety, induced adenomas in colon, goblet cells hypertrophy and hyperplasia and mucins overexpression, but had no toxic effects on testicular tissue or spermatozoa in regular diet fed-mice. Additionally, E171 promoted microvesicular steatosis in liver in HFD fed-mice and the only HFD administration decreased the spermatozoa concentration and motility. In conclusion, E171 administration increases the number of adenomas in colon, induces hypertrophy and hyperplasia in goblet cells and microvesicular steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estefany I Medina-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Norma L Delgado-Buenrostro
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Díaz-Urbina
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Alimentación. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Carolina Rodríguez-Ibarra
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Déciga-Alcaraz
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Marisol I González
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José L Reyes
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Tomás E Villamar-Duque
- Bioterio de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - María Lo Flores-Sánchez
- Bioterio de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, CP 14000, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan M Mancilla-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Alimentación. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Supplementation with Combined Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 Across Development Reveals Sex Differences in Physiological and Behavioural Effects of Western Diet in Long-Evans Rats. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101527. [PMID: 33027912 PMCID: PMC7601208 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome affects various physiological and psychological processes in animals and humans, and environmental influences profoundly impact its composition. Disorders such as anxiety, obesity, and inflammation have been associated with certain microbiome compositions, which may be modulated in early life. In 62 Long–Evans rats, we characterised the effects of lifelong Bifidobacterium longum R0175 and Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 administration—along with Western diet exposure—on later anxiety, metabolic consequences, and inflammation. We found that the probiotic formulation altered specific anxiety-like behaviours in adulthood. We further show distinct sex differences in metabolic measures. In females, probiotic treatment increased calorie intake and leptin levels without affecting body weight. In males, the probiotic seemed to mitigate the effects of Western diet on adult weight gain and calorie intake, without altering leptin levels. The greatest inflammatory response was seen in male, Western-diet-exposed, and probiotic-treated rats, which may be related to levels of specific steroid hormones in these groups. These results suggest that early-life probiotic supplementation and diet exposure can have particular implications on adult health in a sex-dependent manner, and highlight the need for further studies to examine the health outcomes of probiotic treatment in both sexes.
Collapse
|
20
|
Sex and region-specific effects of high fat diet on PNNs in obesity susceptible rats. Physiol Behav 2020; 222:112963. [PMID: 32416158 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized extracellular matrix structures that primarily surround fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV)-containing interneurons within the PFC. They regulate PV neuron function and plasticity to maintain cortical excitatory/inhibitory balance. For example, reductions in PNN intensity are associated with reduced local inhibition and enhanced pyramidal neuron firing. We previously found that exposure to dietary high fat reduced PNN intensity within the PFC of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. However, how high fat affects PNNs in the PFC of females or in obesity-vulnerable vs. -resistant models is unknown. Therefore, we gave male and female SD, selectively bred obesity-prone (OP), and obesity-resistant rats (OR) free access to standard lab chow or 60% high fat for 21 days. We then measured the number of PNN positive cells and PNN intensity (determined by Wisteria floribunda agglutinin [WFA] staining) as well as the number of PV positive neurons using immunohistochemistry. We found sex and region-specific effects of dietary high fat on PNN intensity, in the absence of robust changes in cell number. Effects were comparable in SD and OP but differed in OR rats. Specifically, high fat reduced PNN intensities in male SD and OP rats but increased PNN intensities in female SD and OP rats. In contrast, effects in ORs were opposite, with males showing increases in PNN intensity and females showing a reduction in intensity. Finally, these effects were also region specific, with diet-induced reductions in PNN intensity found in the prelimbic PFC (PL-PFC) and ventral medial orbital frontal cortex (vmOFC) of SD and OP males in the absence of changes in the infralimbic PFC (IL-PFC), and increases in PNN intensity in the IL-PFC of SD and OP females in the absence of changes in other regions. These results are discussed in light of roles PNNs may play in influencing PFC neuronal activity and the differential role of these sub-regions in food-seeking and motivation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Inbar D, Gendelis S, Mesner S, Menahem S, Kupchik YM. Chronic calorie-dense diet drives differences in motivated food seeking between obesity-prone and resistant mice. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12753. [PMID: 31012232 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity results from overconsumption of energy, partly because of the inability to refrain from highly palatable rewarding foods. Even though palatable food is available to everyone, only a fraction of the population develops obesity. We previously showed that following chronic exposure to highly palatable food animals that gained the most weight also showed addictive-like motivation to seek for palatable food. An important question remains-is this extreme, addictive-like, motivation to consume palatable food the cause or the consequence of diet-induced obesity? Here, we show that obesity-prone (OP) mice exhibit higher motivation for palatable food consumption compared with obesity-resistant mice even before developing obesity, but that the full manifestation of this high motivation to eat is expressed only after chronic exposure to high-fat-high-sugar (HFHS) diet. HFHS diet also impairs performance in the operant food-seeking task selectively in OP mice, an impairment that persists even after 2 weeks of abstinence from HFHS food. Overall, our data suggest that while some aspects of food motivation are high in OP mice already before developing obesity, the chronic exposure to HFHS food accentuates it and drives the development of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorrit Inbar
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Medical Research Israel‐Canada (IMRIC)The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Israel
| | - Shani Gendelis
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Medical Research Israel‐Canada (IMRIC)The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Israel
| | - Shanee Mesner
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Medical Research Israel‐Canada (IMRIC)The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Israel
| | - Shira Menahem
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Medical Research Israel‐Canada (IMRIC)The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Israel
| | - Yonatan M. Kupchik
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Medical Research Israel‐Canada (IMRIC)The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Israel
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Karth MM, Baugher BJ, Daly N, Karth MD, Gironda SC, Sachs BD. Brain 5-HT Deficiency Prevents Antidepressant-Like Effects of High-Fat-Diet and Blocks High-Fat-Diet-Induced GSK3β Phosphorylation in the Hippocampus. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:298. [PMID: 31920532 PMCID: PMC6917648 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of depression and anxiety disorders, but the nature of the relationship(s) between obesity and mental illness remains highly controversial. Some argue that depression and anxiety lead to increased consumption of "comfort foods," the intake of which reduces negative affect and promotes obesity. In contrast, others have theorized that negative affect results from chronic excessive consumption of highly palatable foods. The brain serotonin (5-HT) system has long been implicated in both the development and treatment of mental illness. Preclinical studies have shown that low brain 5-HT exacerbates depression- and anxiety-like behaviors induced by stress and blocks reductions in depression-like behavior induced by antidepressants, but the effects of brain 5-HT deficiency on responses to high-fat diet (HFD) have not been explored. The current work used genetically modified mice to evaluate the effects of low 5-HT on behavioral and molecular alterations induced by chronic exposure to HFD. Our results reveal that HFD decreases depression-like behavior and increases some anxiety-like behaviors in wild-type (WT) mice. However, genetic brain 5-HT deficiency blocks HFD-induced reductions in forced swim immobility and prevents HFD-induced increases in hippocampal GSK3β phosphorylation despite having no significant effects on HFD-induced changes in body weight or anxiety-like behavior. Together, our results suggest that brain 5-HT deficiency significantly impacts a subset of behavioral and molecular responses to HFD, a finding that could help explain the complex relationships between obesity and mental illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Karth
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States
| | - Brittany J Baugher
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States
| | - Nicole Daly
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States
| | - Melinda D Karth
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States
| | - Stephen C Gironda
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States
| | - Benjamin D Sachs
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Oginsky MF, Ferrario CR. Eating "junk food" has opposite effects on intrinsic excitability of nucleus accumbens core neurons in obesity-susceptible versus -resistant rats. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:1264-1273. [PMID: 31365322 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00361.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays critical roles in motivated behaviors, including food seeking and feeding. Differences in NAc function contribute to overeating that drives obesity, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In addition, there is a fair degree of variation in individual susceptibility versus resistance to obesity that is due in part to differences in NAc function. For example, using selectively bred obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats, we have found that excitability of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) within the NAc core is enhanced in obesity-prone versus -resistant populations, before any diet manipulation. However, it is unknown whether consumption of sugary, fatty "junk food" alters MSN excitability. Here whole cell patch-clamp recordings were conducted to examine MSN intrinsic excitability in adult male obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats with and without exposure to a sugary, fatty junk food diet. We replicated our initial finding that basal excitability is enhanced in obesity-prone versus obesity-resistant rats and determined that this is due to a lower fast transient potassium current (IA) in prone versus resistant groups. In addition, the junk food diet had opposite effects on excitability in obesity-prone versus obesity-resistant rats. Specifically, junk food enhanced excitability in MSNs of obesity-resistant rats; this was mediated by a reduction in IA. In contrast, junk food reduced excitability in MSNs from obesity-prone rats; this was mediated by an increase in inward-rectifying potassium current. Thus individual differences in obesity susceptibility influence both basal excitability and how MSN excitability adapts to junk food consumption.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens of obesity-prone rats are hyperexcitable compared with MSNs from obesity-resistant rats. We found that 10 days of "junk food" exposure reduces MSN excitability in obesity-prone rats by increasing inward-rectifying potassium current and increases MSN excitability in obesity-resistant rats by decreasing fast transient potassium current. These data show that there are basal and junk food diet-induced differences in MSN excitability in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant individuals; this may contribute to previously observed differences in incentive motivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max F Oginsky
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carrie R Ferrario
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|