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Antonioni A, Raho EM, Straudi S, Granieri E, Koch G, Fadiga L. The cerebellum and the Mirror Neuron System: A matter of inhibition? From neurophysiological evidence to neuromodulatory implications. A narrative review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105830. [PMID: 39069236 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Mirror neurons show activity during both the execution (AE) and observation of actions (AO). The Mirror Neuron System (MNS) could be involved during motor imagery (MI) as well. Extensive research suggests that the cerebellum is interconnected with the MNS and may be critically involved in its activities. We gathered evidence on the cerebellum's role in MNS functions, both theoretically and experimentally. Evidence shows that the cerebellum plays a major role during AO and MI and that its lesions impair MNS functions likely because, by modulating the activity of cortical inhibitory interneurons with mirror properties, the cerebellum may contribute to visuomotor matching, which is fundamental for shaping mirror properties. Indeed, the cerebellum may strengthen sensory-motor patterns that minimise the discrepancy between predicted and actual outcome, both during AE and AO. Furthermore, through its connections with the hippocampus, the cerebellum might be involved in internal simulations of motor programs during MI. Finally, as cerebellar neuromodulation might improve its impact on MNS activity, we explored its potential neurophysiological and neurorehabilitation implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annibale Antonioni
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Ferrara University Hospital, Ferrara 44124, Italy; Doctoral Program in Translational Neurosciences and Neurotechnologies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Maria Raho
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Sofia Straudi
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Ferrara University Hospital, Ferrara 44124, Italy
| | - Enrico Granieri
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy; Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication (CTNSC), Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Ferrara 44121 , Italy; Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia, Rome 00179, Italy
| | - Luciano Fadiga
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy; Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication (CTNSC), Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Ferrara 44121 , Italy
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Nepomoceno EB, Rodrigues S, de Melo KS, Ferreira TL, Freestone D, Caetano MS. Insular and prelimbic cortices control behavioral accuracy and precision in a temporal decision-making task in rats. Behav Brain Res 2024; 465:114961. [PMID: 38494127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The anterior insular cortex (AIC) comprises a region of sensory integration. It appears to detect salient events in order to guide goal-directed behavior, code tracking errors, and estimate the passage of time. Temporal processing in the AIC may be instantiated by the integration of representations of interoception. Projections between the AIC and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) - found both in rats and humans - also suggest a possible role for these structures in the integration of autonomic responses during ongoing behavior. Few studies, however, have investigated the role of AIC and mPFC in decision-making and time estimation tasks. Moreover, their findings are not consistent, so the relationship between temporal decision-making and those areas remains unclear. The present study employed bilateral inactivations to explore the role of AIC and prelimbic cortex (PL) in rats during a temporal decision-making task. In this task, two levers are available simultaneously (but only one is active), one predicting reinforcement after a short, and the other after a long-fixed interval. Optimal performance requires a switch from the short to the long lever after the short-fixed interval elapsed and no reinforcement was delivered. Switch behavior from the short to the long lever was dependent on AIC and PL. During AIC inactivation, switch latencies became more variable, while during PL inactivation switch latencies became both more variable and less accurate. These findings point to a dissociation between AIC and PL in temporal decision-making, suggesting that the AIC is important for temporal precision, and PL is important for both temporal accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela B Nepomoceno
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Brazil; Neuropsychology laboratory, Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul (USCS), Brazil.
| | - Samanta Rodrigues
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | - Katia S de Melo
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Brazil
| | - Tatiana L Ferreira
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo S Caetano
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia sobre Comportamento, Cognição e Ensino (INCT-ECCE), Brazil
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3
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Mokhtarinejad E, Tavakoli M, Ghaderi AH. Exploring the correlation and causation between alpha oscillations and one-second time perception through EEG and tACS. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8035. [PMID: 38580671 PMCID: PMC10997657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpha oscillations have been implicated in time perception, yet a consensus on their precise role remains elusive. This study directly investigates this relationship by examining the impact of alpha oscillations on time perception. Resting-state EEG recordings were used to extract peak alpha frequency (PAF) and peak alpha power (PAP) characteristics. Participants then performed a time generalization task under transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at frequencies of PAF-2, PAF, and PAF+2, as well as a sham condition. Results revealed a significant correlation between PAP and accuracy, and between PAF and precision of one-second time perception in the sham condition. This suggests that alpha oscillations may influence one-second time perception by modulating their frequency and power. Interestingly, these correlations weakened with real tACS stimulations, particularly at higher frequencies. A second analysis aimed to establish a causal relationship between alpha peak modulation by tACS and time perception using repeated measures ANOVAs, but no significant effect was observed. Results were interpreted according to the state-dependent networks and internal clock model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Mokhtarinejad
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahgol Tavakoli
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Ghaderi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- Center for Affective Neuroscience, Development, Learning and Education, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, USA
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Jalalkamali H, Tajik A, Hatami R, Nezamabadipour H. Detecting how time is subjectively perceived based on event-related potentials (ERPs): a machine learning approach. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:372-380. [PMID: 35848165 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2103413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective: Time perception is essential for the precise performance of many of our activities and the coordination between different modalities. But it is distorted in many diseases and disorders. Event-related potentials (ERP) have long been used to understand better how the human brain perceives time, but machine learning methods have rarely been used to detect a person's time perception from his/her ERPs. Methods: In this study, EEG signals of the individuals were recorded while performing an auditory oddball time discrimination task. After features were extracted from ERPs, data balancing, and feature selection, machine learning models were used to distinguish between the oddball durations of 400 ms and 600 ms from standard durations of 500 ms. ERP results showed that the P3 evoked by the 600 ms oddball stimuli appeared about 200 ms later than that of the 400 ms oddball tones. Classification performance results indicated that support vector machine (SVM) outperformed K-nearest neighbors (KNN), Random Forest, and Logistic regression models. Results: The accuracy of SVM was 91.24, 92.96, and 89.9 for the three used labeling modes, respectively. Another important finding was that most features selected for classification were in the P3 component range, supporting the observed significant effect of duration on the P3. Although all N1, P2, N2, and P3 components contributed to detecting the desired durations. Conclusion: Therefore, results of this study suggest the P3 component as a potential candidate to detect sub-second periods in future researches on brain-computer interface (BCI) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Jalalkamali
- Computer Engineering Group, Higher Education Complex of Zarand, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Tajik
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Rashid Hatami
- ICT Group, National Iranian Copper Industries Co. (NICICO), Sarcheshme, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Nezamabadipour
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Ronconi L, Balestrieri E, Baldauf D, Melcher D. Distinct Cortical Networks Subserve Spatio-temporal Sampling in Vision through Different Oscillatory Rhythms. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:572-589. [PMID: 37172123 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Although visual input arrives continuously, sensory information is segmented into (quasi-)discrete events. Here, we investigated the neural correlates of spatiotemporal binding in humans with magnetoencephalography using two tasks where separate flashes were presented on each trial but were perceived, in a bistable way, as either a single or two separate events. The first task (two-flash fusion) involved judging one versus two flashes, whereas the second task (apparent motion: AM) involved judging coherent motion versus two stationary flashes. Results indicate two different functional networks underlying two unique aspects of temporal binding. In two-flash fusion trials, involving an integration window of ∼50 msec, evoked responses differed as a function of perceptual interpretation by ∼25 msec after stimuli offset. Multivariate decoding of subjective perception based on prestimulus oscillatory phase was significant for alpha-band activity in the right medial temporal (V5/MT) area, with the strength of prestimulus connectivity between early visual areas and V5/MT being predictive of performance. In contrast, the longer integration window (∼130 msec) for AM showed evoked field differences only ∼250 msec after stimuli offset. Phase decoding of the perceptual outcome in AM trials was significant for theta-band activity in the right intraparietal sulcus. Prestimulus theta-band connectivity between V5/MT and intraparietal sulcus best predicted AM perceptual outcome. For both tasks, phase effects found could not be accounted by concomitant variations in power. These results show a strong relationship between specific spatiotemporal binding windows and specific oscillations, linked to the information flow between different areas of the where and when visual pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ronconi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Balestrieri
- University of Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeld Center for Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience, Münster, Germany
| | | | - David Melcher
- New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
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Yu H, Shu X, Zhou Y, Zhou S, Wang X. Intermittent theta burst stimulation combined with cognitive training improves cognitive dysfunction and physical dysfunction in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment. Behav Brain Res 2024; 461:114809. [PMID: 38081516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a common complication of stroke. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) can inducing motor learning. We observed the effects of combination of iTBS with cognitive training on physical/cognitive dysfunctions in PSCI patients. METHODS PSCI patients treated with basic treatment & cognitive training (Control group)/iTBS & cognitive training (iTBS group) were enrolled, with Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE)/Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)/Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB)/barthel index (BI)/Upper Limb Fugl-Meyer Assessment (U-FMA)/Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) scores compared. Gait spatiotemporal parameters/dynamic parameters were analyzed by 3D gait analysis. Correlations between MMSE/MoCA scores and gait parameters in PSCI patients after iTBS & cognitive training were analyzed by Spearman analysis. RESULTS Increased MMSE/MoCA/FAB/BI/U-FMA/ARAT scores, step speed, step frequency, stride length, step width, step length on the affected side, percentage of swing phase on the affected side, hip joint flexion angle on the affected side, knee joint flexion angle on the affected side, and ankle plantar flexion angle on the affected side and reduced gait period on the affected side and percentage of stance phase on the affected side were found in patients of both groups after treatment, with the effects in the iTBS group more profound. CONCLUSION iTBS & cognitive training obviously improved the cognitive function scores/upper limb function scores/gait parameters in PSCI patients versus cognitive training treatment. After combination therapy, the MMSE/MoCA scores of PSCI patients were significantly correlated with gait parameters. This provided more data support for iTBS & cognitive training application in the rehabilitation treatment of PSCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- Rahabilitation Assessment and Treatment Center, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Shu
- Rahabilitation Assessment and Treatment Center, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yuda Zhou
- Rahabilitation Assessment and Treatment Center, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Siwei Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Rehabilitation, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Rahabilitation Assessment and Treatment Center, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
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Lin N, Zhang X, Wang X, Wang S. The organization of the semantic network as reflected by the neural correlates of six semantic dimensions. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2024; 250:105388. [PMID: 38295716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2024.105388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sensory-motor and non-sensory-motor dimensions have been proposed for semantic representation, but it remains unclear how the semantic system is organized along them in the human brain. Using naturalistic fMRI data and large-scale semantic ratings, we investigated the overlaps and dissociations between the neural correlates of six semantic dimensions: vision, motor, socialness, emotion, space, and time. Our findings revealed a more complex semantic atlas than what is predicted by current neurobiological models of semantic representation. Brain regions that are selectively sensitive to specific semantic dimensions were found both within and outside the brain networks assumed to represent multimodal general and/or abstract semantics. Overlaps between the neural correlates of different semantic dimensions were mainly found inside the default mode network, concentrated in the left anterior superior temporal gyrus and angular gyrus, which have been proposed as two connector hubs that bridge the multimodal experiential semantic system and the language-supported semantic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioural Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, CAS, Beijing, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioural Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, CAS, Beijing, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Johari K, Tabari F, Desai RH. Right frontal HD-tDCS reveals causal involvement of time perception networks in temporal processing of concepts. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16658. [PMID: 37789056 PMCID: PMC10547783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that perceptual and action related features of concepts are grounded in the corresponding sensory-motor networks in the human brain. However, less is known about temporal features of event concepts (e.g., a lecture) and whether they are grounded in time perception networks. We examined this question by stimulating the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC)-a part of time perception network-using HD-tDCS and subsequently recording EEG while participants performed semantic and time perception tasks. Semantic tasks were composed of event noun duration judgment (EDur), object noun size judgement (OSize), event (EVal) and object noun valence judgement. In the time perception task, participants judged the durations of pure tones. Results showed that cathodal stimulation accelerated responses for time perception task and decreased the magnitude of global field power (GFP) compared to sham stimulation. Semantic tasks results revealed that cathodal, but not sham, stimulation significantly decreased GFP for EDur relative to OSize, and to EVal. These findings provide first causal evidence that temporal features of event words are grounded in the rDLPFC as part of the temporal cognition network and shed light on the conceptual processing of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Johari
- Human Neurophysiology and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Communication Science and Disorders, Louisiana State University, 86 Hatcher Hall, Field House Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Fatemeh Tabari
- Human Neurophysiology and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Communication Science and Disorders, Louisiana State University, 86 Hatcher Hall, Field House Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Rutvik H Desai
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Contemori G, Meneghini G, Battaglini L. An Illusory Motion in Stationary Stimuli Alters Their Perceived Duration. Vision (Basel) 2023; 7:61. [PMID: 37756135 PMCID: PMC10537486 DOI: 10.3390/vision7030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite having equal duration, stimuli in physical motion are perceived to last longer than static ones. Here, we investigate whether illusory motion stimuli produce a time-dilation effect similar to physical motion. Participants performed a duration discrimination task that compared the perceived duration of static stimuli with and without illusory motion to a reference stimulus. In the first experiment, we observed a 4% increase in the number of "longer" responses for the illusory motion images than static stimuli with equal duration. The time-dilation effect, quantified as a shift in the Point of Subjective Equality (PSE), was approximately 55 ms for a 2-second stimulus. Although small, the effect was replicated in a second experiment in which the total number of standard-duration repetitions was reduced from 73 to 19. In the third experiment, we found a positive linear trend between the strength of the illusory motion and the magnitude of the time-dilation effect. These results demonstrate that, similar to physical motion stimuli, illusory motion stimuli are perceived to last longer than static stimuli. Furthermore, the strength of the illusion influences the extent of the lengthening of perceived duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Contemori
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Giulia Meneghini
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Battaglini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy;
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Visalli A, Begliomini C, Mioni G. The effect of emotion intensity on time perception: a study with transcranial random noise stimulation. Exp Brain Res 2023:10.1007/s00221-023-06668-9. [PMID: 37477666 PMCID: PMC10386931 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Emotional facial expressions provide cues for social interactions and emotional events can distort our sense of time. The present study investigates the effect of facial emotional stimuli of anger and sadness on time perception. Moreover, to investigate the causal role of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in emotional recognition, we employed transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) over OFC and tested the effect on participants' emotional recognition as well as on time processing. Participants performed a timing task in which they were asked to categorize as "short" or "long" temporal intervals marked by images of people expressing anger, sad or neutral emotional facial expressions. In addition, they were asked to judge if the image presented was of a person expressing anger or sadness. The visual stimuli were facial emotional stimuli indicating anger or sadness with different degrees of intensity at high (80%), medium (60%) and low (40%) intensity, along with neutral emotional face stimuli. In the emotional recognition task, results showed that participants were faster and more accurate when emotional intensity was higher. Moreover, tRNS over OFC interfered with emotion recognition, which is in line with its proposed role in emotion recognition. In the timing task, participants overestimated the duration of angry facial expressions, although neither emotional intensity not OFC stimulation significantly modulated this effect. Conversely, as the emotional intensity increased, participants exhibited a greater tendency to overestimate the duration of sad faces in the sham condition. However, this tendency disappeared with tRNS. Taken together, our results are partially consistent with previous findings showing an overestimation effect of emotionally arousing stimuli, revealing the involvement of OFC in emotional distortions of time, which needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Begliomini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mioni
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy.
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Mannarelli D, Pauletti C, Petritis A, Maffucci A, Currà A, Trompetto C, Marinelli L, Fattapposta F. The role of cerebellum in timing processing: a contingent negative variation study. Neurosci Lett 2023:137301. [PMID: 37244448 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Time management is an important aspect of human behaviour and cognition. Several brain regions are thought to be involved in motor timing and time estimation tasks. However, subcortical regions such as the basal nuclei and cerebellum seem to play a role in timing control. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the cerebellum in temporal processing. For this purpose, we transitorily inhibited cerebellar activity by means of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and studied the effects of this inhibition on contingent negative variation (CNV) parameters elicited during a S1-S2 motor task in healthy subjects. Sixteen healthy subjects underwent a S1-S2 motor task prior to and after cathodal and sham cerebellar tDCS in separate sessions. The CNV task consisted of a duration discrimination task in which subjects had to determine whether the duration of a probe interval trial was shorter (800 ms), longer (1600 ms), or equal to the target interval of 1200 ms. A reduction in total CNV amplitude emerged only after cathodal tDCS for short and target interval trials, while no differences were detected for the long interval trial. Errors were significantly higher after cathodal tDCS than at baseline evaluation of short and target intervals. No reaction time differences were found for any time interval after the cathodal and sham sessions. These results point to a role of the cerebellum in time perception. In particular, the cerebellum seems to regulate temporal interval discrimination for second and sub-second ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mannarelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, Rome, Italy.
| | - Caterina Pauletti
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessia Petritis
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Maffucci
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Currà
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, A. Fiorini Hospital, Terracina, LT, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy.
| | - Carlo Trompetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.
| | - Lucio Marinelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fattapposta
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, Rome, Italy.
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12
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Capizzi M, Visalli A, Wiener M, Mioni G. The contribution of the supplementary motor area to explicit and implicit timing: A high-definition transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (HD-tRNS) study. Behav Brain Res 2023; 445:114383. [PMID: 36878287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly accepted that timing tasks, and underlying temporal processes, can be partitioned on the basis of whether they require an explicit or implicit temporal judgement. Most neuroimaging studies of timing associated explicit timing tasks with activation of the supplementary motor area (SMA). However, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies perturbing SMA functioning across explicit timing tasks have generally reported null effects, thus failing to causally link SMA to explicit timing. The present study probed the involvement of SMA in both explicit and implicit timing tasks within a single experiment and using High-Definition transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (HD-tRNS), a previously less used technique in studies of the SMA. Participants performed two tasks that comprised the same stimulus presentation but differed in the received task instructions, which might or might not require explicit temporal judgments. Results showed a significant HD-tRNS-induced shift of perceived durations (i.e., overestimation) in the explicit timing task, whereas there was no modulation of implicit timing by HD-tRNS. Overall, these results provide initial non-invasive brain stimulation evidence on the contribution of the SMA to explicit and implicit timing tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Capizzi
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain; Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Spain.
| | - A Visalli
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice Lido, Italy
| | - M Wiener
- George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - G Mioni
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy.
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Mondok C, Wiener M. Selectivity of timing: A meta-analysis of temporal processing in neuroimaging studies using activation likelihood estimation and reverse inference. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 16:1000995. [PMID: 36684845 PMCID: PMC9851378 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, many researchers have investigated time perception and how it is processed in the brain. Past studies have identified cortical and subcortical regions that play an important role in implicit and/or explicit timing tasks. In regard to timing, different regions appear to have roles of varying importance depending on the duration (sub-second vs. supra-second), type of task (such as involving motor responses or passively observing stimuli), and modality (such as auditory, visual, and sensorimotor) resulting in the literature reporting divergent results that are contingent on the specifics of the task. This meta-analysis aims at identifying regions that show activation only for explicit timing tasks through reverse inference. As such, two datasets (the first including studies that involved explicit timing tasks while the second did not) were compared using the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) algorithm. Reverse inference was implemented through Bayes factor modeling, which allowed for the comparison of the activated regions between the two ALE-maps. Results showed a constellation of regions that exhibited selective activation likelihood in explicit timing tasks with the largest posterior probability of activation resulting in the left supplementary motor area (SMA) and the bilateral insula. Some areas that have been dubbed critical for time perception in past studies (i.e., the cerebellum) did not exhibit prevalent activation after analyses.
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Pacella V, Scandola M, Bà M, Smania N, Beccherle M, Rossato E, Volpe D, Moro V. Temporal judgments of actions following unilateral brain damage. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21668. [PMID: 36522442 PMCID: PMC9755153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sense of time is a complex construct, and its neural correlates remain to date in most part unknown. To complicate the frame, physical attributes of the stimulus, such as its intensity or movement, influence temporal perception. Although previous studies have shown that time perception can be compromised after a brain lesion, the evidence on the role of the left and right hemispheres are meager. In two experiments, the study explores the ability of temporal estimation of multi-second actions and non-biological movements in 33 patients suffering from unilateral brain lesion. Furthermore, the modulatory role of induced embodiment processes is investigated. The results reveal a joint contribution of the two hemispheres depending not only on different durations but also on the presence of actions. Indeed, the left hemisphere damaged patients find it difficult to estimate 4500 ms or longer durations, while the right hemisphere damaged patients fail in 3000 ms durations. Furthermore, the former fail when a biological action is shown, while the latter fail in non-biological movement. Embodiment processes have a modulatory effect only after right hemisphere lesions. Among neuropsychological variables, only spatial neglect influences estimation of non-biological movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pacella
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XGroupe d’Imagerie NeurofonctionnelleInstitut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA, University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, CS 61292, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
| | - M. Scandola
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Lungadige Porta Vittoria 17, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - M. Bà
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Lungadige Porta Vittoria 17, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - N. Smania
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - M. Beccherle
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Psychology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - E. Rossato
- Department of Rehabilitation, IRCSS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, 37024 Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - D. Volpe
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Parkinson’s Disease Excellence Center, Fresco Institute Italy - NYU Langone, Casa di Cura Villa Margherita via Costacolonna n 1 Arcugnano, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Valentina Moro
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Lungadige Porta Vittoria 17, 37129 Verona, Italy
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15
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Ponce GV, Klaus J, Schutter DJLG. A Brief History of Cerebellar Neurostimulation. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 21:715-730. [PMID: 34403075 PMCID: PMC9325826 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The first attempts at using electric stimulation to study human brain functions followed the experiments of Luigi Galvani and Giovanni Aldini on animal electricity during the eighteenth century. Since then, the cerebellum has been among the areas that have been studied by invasive and non-invasive forms of electrical and magnetic stimulation. During the nineteenth century, animal experiments were conducted to map the motor-related regions of cerebellar cortex by means of direct electric stimulation. As electric stimulation research on the cerebellum moved into the twentieth century, systematic research of electric cerebellar stimulation led to a better understanding of its effects and mechanism of action. In addition, the clinical potential of cerebellar stimulation in the treatment of motor diseases started to be explored. With the introduction of transcranial electric and magnetic stimulation, cerebellar research moved to non-invasive techniques. During the twenty-first century, following on groundbreaking research that linked the cerebellum to non-motor functions, non-invasive techniques have facilitated research into different aspects of cerebellar functioning. The present review provides a brief historical account of cerebellar neurostimulation and discusses current challenges and future direction in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo V Ponce
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Klaus
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis J L G Schutter
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Coelho P, Rodrigues JA, Nascimento Alves P, Fonseca AC. Time perception changes in stroke patients: A systematic literature review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:938367. [PMID: 35928126 PMCID: PMC9343772 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.938367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Time perception comprises the subjective experience of passing of time and of the duration of an event. Although already described in some neurological and psychiatric conditions, there is a paucity of details regarding this neurocognitive change in stroke patients. We aimed to describe time perception dysfunction in stroke patient. Methods We performed a systematic review of the literature in Pubmed, PsycInfo and EMBASE including manuscripts from their inception until December 2020. We collected data regarding the type of time perception that was detected, type of stroke, most common location of lesions, evaluation tests that were used and time of evaluation after stroke onset. Results A total of 27 manuscripts were selected, concerning a total of 418 patients (n = 253 male; 60.5%). Most manuscripts (n = 21) evaluated patients with ischaemic lesions (n = 407; 97.4%). The majority referred to evaluations between 2 months and seven years after stroke. Underestimation in temporal evaluation in sub- and supra-second was the most common dysfunction (n = 165; 41.7%). Overestimation of time (n = 116; 27.8%) and impaired time interval comparison (n = 88; 22.2%) were also found. Most patients had right hemisphere lesions (n = 219 patients; 52.4%). Common reported lesion locations included the thalamus, insula, basal ganglia, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex including supramarginal, angular gyrus and right inferior parietal cortex and cerebellum. Conclusion There are multiple stroke locations associated with time perception dysfunction, which highlights the complex system involved in time perception. There is still scarce knowledge about specific time perception deficits after stroke. Most studies rely in psychometric analysis without clear clinical and functional translation, namely regarding impact on daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Coelho
- Serviço de Neurologia, Departamento de Neurociências e Saúde Mental, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Pedro Coelho
| | - Joana Amado Rodrigues
- Clínica Universitária de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Nascimento Alves
- Serviço de Neurologia, Departamento de Neurociências e Saúde Mental, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório de Estudos de Linguagem, Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Fonseca
- Serviço de Neurologia, Departamento de Neurociências e Saúde Mental, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Clínica Universitária de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Iconaru EI, Ciucurel MM, Tudor M, Ciucurel C. Nonlinear Dynamics of Reaction Time and Time Estimation during Repetitive Test. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1818. [PMID: 35162841 PMCID: PMC8835110 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: In this research, we aimed to investigate a computational model of repetitive reaction time (RT) and virtual reaction time (VRT) testing. (2) Methods: The study involved 180 subjects (50 men, 130 women, mean age 31.61 ± 13.56 years). The data were statistically analyzed through the coefficient of variation (CV) and the Poincaré plot indicators. (3) Results: We obtained an excellent level of reliability for both sessions of testing and we put into evidence a relationship of association of the RT and VRT with the subjects' age, which was more pregnant for RT (p < 0.05). For both RT and VRT data series, we determined a consistent closer association between CV and the Poincaré plot descriptors SD1, SD2 (SD-standard deviation), and the area of the fitting ellipse (AFE) (p < 0.01). We reported an underestimation of the time interval of 2 s during the VRT session of testing, with an average value of CV of VRT, the equivalent of the Weber fraction, of 15.21 ± 8.82%. (4) Conclusions: The present study provides novel evidence that linear and nonlinear analysis of RT and VRT variability during serial testing bring complementary insights to the understanding of complex neurocognitive processes implied in the task execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ioana Iconaru
- Department of Medical Assistance and Physical Therapy, University of Pitesti, 110040 Pitesti, Romania; (M.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Manuela Mihaela Ciucurel
- Department of Psychology, Communication Sciences and Social Assistance, University of Pitesti, 110040 Pitesti, Romania;
| | - Mariana Tudor
- Department of Medical Assistance and Physical Therapy, University of Pitesti, 110040 Pitesti, Romania; (M.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Constantin Ciucurel
- Department of Medical Assistance and Physical Therapy, University of Pitesti, 110040 Pitesti, Romania; (M.T.); (C.C.)
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Bai S, Qi R, Sun H, Li R, Zhu L, Cao X, Jia G, Li X, Gao L. Corticofugal Modulation of Temporal and Rate Representations in the Inferior Colliculus of the Awake Marmoset. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:4080-4097. [PMID: 35029654 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal processing is crucial for auditory perception and cognition, especially for communication sounds. Previous studies have shown that the auditory cortex and the thalamus use temporal and rate representations to encode slowly and rapidly changing time-varying sounds. However, how the primate inferior colliculus (IC) encodes time-varying sounds at the millisecond scale remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the temporal processing by IC neurons in awake marmosets to Gaussian click trains with varying interclick intervals (2-100 ms). Strikingly, we found that 28% of IC neurons exhibited rate representation with nonsynchronized responses, which is in sharp contrast to the current view that the IC only uses a temporal representation to encode time-varying signals. Moreover, IC neurons with rate representation exhibited response properties distinct from those with temporal representation. We further demonstrated that reversible inactivation of the primary auditory cortex modulated 17% of the stimulus-synchronized responses and 21% of the nonsynchronized responses of IC neurons, revealing that cortico-colliculus projections play a role, but not a crucial one, in temporal processing in the IC. This study has significantly advanced our understanding of temporal processing in the IC of awake animals and provides new insights into temporal processing from the midbrain to the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yuanqing Zhang
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Siyi Bai
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Runze Qi
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xinyuan Cao
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Guoqiang Jia
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Lixia Gao
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
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19
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Nuyens FM, Billieux J, Maurage P. Time perception and alcohol use: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:377-403. [PMID: 33933506 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Attentional, executive, and memory processes play a pivotal role in time perception. As acute or chronic alcohol consumption influences these processes, it should also modify time perception. We systematically reviewed and critically assessed all existing studies on time perception among alcohol drinkers, following the PICOS procedure and PRISMA guidelines. We selected 31 articles, distributed across four populations (i.e., alcohol intoxication, binge/heavy drinking, severe alcohol use disorder [SAUD], and Korsakoff syndrome). Several studies suggested the overestimation or underestimation of time during alcohol intoxication. No direct effect of binge/heavy drinking was observed on time perception, while studies on SAUD reported conflicting results. Participants with Korsakoff syndrome exhibited globally impaired time perception and marked deficits in associated cognitive abilities. This systematic review suggests that alcohol consumption affects time perception only when specific cognitive processes are depleted. However, due to the methodological limitations related to existing studies, no firm conclusion can be drawn. Guidelines and perspectives to advance the field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip M Nuyens
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-Mouline - Bâtiment Géopolis, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland; Centre for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 23A, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland.
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group, Psychological Science Research Institute, UClouvain, 10, place Cardinal Mercier, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium.
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20
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Song P, Li S, Hao W, Wei M, Liu J, Lin H, Hu S, Dai X, Wang J, Wang R, Wang Y. Corticospinal excitability enhancement with simultaneous transcranial near-infrared stimulation and anodal direct current stimulation of motor cortex. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:1018-1024. [PMID: 33743296 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is beneficial to many neurological and psychiatric disorders by modulating neuroplasticity and cortical excitability. However, recent studies evidence that single type of NIBS such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) does not have meaningful clinical therapeutic responses due to their small effect size. Transcranial near-infrared stimulation (tNIRS) is a novel form of NIBS. Both tNIRS and tDCS implement its therapeutic effects by modulating cortical excitability but with different mechanisms. We hypothesized that simultaneous tNIRS and tDCS is superior to single stimulation, leading to a greater cortical excitability. METHODS Sixteen healthy subjects participated in a double-blind, sham-controlled, cross-over designed study. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were used to measure motor cortex excitability. The changes of MEP were calculated and compared in the sham condition, tDCS stimulation condition, tNIRS condition and the simultaneous tNIRS and anodal tDCS condition. RESULTS tDCS alone and tNIRS alone both elicited higher MEP after stimulation, while the MEP amplitude in the simultaneous tNIRS and tDCS condition was significantly higher than either tNIRS alone or tDCS alone. The enhancement lasted up to at least 30 minutes after stimulation, indicating simultaneous 820 nm tNIRS with 2 mA anodal tDCS have a synergistic effect on cortical plasticity. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous application of tNIRS with tDCS produces a stronger cortical excitability effect. SIGNIFICANCE The simultaneous tNIRS and tDCS is a promising technology with exciting potential as a means of treatment, neuro-enhancement, or neuro-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Song
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Siran Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wensi Hao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shimin Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Dai
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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21
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Prete G, Lucafò C, Malatesta G, Tommasi L. The causal involvement of the right supramarginal gyrus in the subjective experience of time: A hf-tRNS study. Behav Brain Res 2021; 404:113157. [PMID: 33592200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neural populations in the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) of the right hemisphere have been shown to be involved in processing the subjective experience of time, particularly because of their selectivity to specific temporal durations. To directly investigate this relationship, we applied high-frequency transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (hf-tRNS) on the right SMG during a duration judgment task: 24 participants were required to judge the duration of a test visual stimulus (350, 450, 550, 650 ms) as shorter or longer than the duration of a reference auditory stimulus (500 ms). In half of the trials this procedure was preceded by a visual adaptation paradigm, used as a tool to manipulate the subjective experience of time: for 12 participants the adaptor was shorter than the test (250 ms), and for 12 participants it was longer than the test (750 ms). All participants performed an online hf-tRNS session and a sham control session. For each participant and for each condition, the Point of Subjective Equality (PSE) was calculated and results revealed an expected negative aftereffect in the group exposed to a longer adaptor. Moreover, hf-tRNS modulated participants' performance with respect to sham, confirming the involvement of the right SMG in temporal experience. Importantly, only in the group exposed to the longer adaptor, PSE values were higher during stimulation than during sham, only after the adaptation procedure (no difference emerged in trials without adaptation). This pattern of results confirms recent neuroimaging findings, and adds a direct evidence of the causal role of this area in subjective time experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Prete
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Chiara Lucafò
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianluca Malatesta
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luca Tommasi
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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22
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Richter F, Ibáñez A. Time is body: Multimodal evidence of crosstalk between interoception and time estimation. Biol Psychol 2021; 159:108017. [PMID: 33450326 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical approaches propose a blending between interoception and time estimation. Interoception might constitute a neurophysiological mechanism for encoding duration. However, no study has assessed the convergence between interoception and time estimation using behavioral, neurophysiological, and functional anatomy signatures. We examined the multimodal convergence between interoception and time estimation using a two-fold approach. In study 1, we developed a dual design combining interoception (measuring heartbeat detection - HBD, and heartbeat evoked potential - HEP) with a time estimation paradigm (TEP, estimation of duration of a 120 s interval). In study 2, we performed a conjoint metanalysis (Multi-level Kernel Density Analysis, MKDA) of neuroimaging, including reports of interoception and time estimation. Both studies provide convergent evidence of time estimation's significant involvement in behavioral, electrophysiological (enhanced HEP), and neuroimaging (overlapping cluster in the right insula and operculum) signatures of interoception. Convergent results from both studies offer direct support for a shared mechanism of interoception and time estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Richter
- Cognitive Neurosience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Argentina.
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Cognitive Neurosience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina; Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), Latin American Institute of Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Colombia; Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), US.
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar S Lad
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (Lad, Hurley, Taber); Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C., and Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Hurley); and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Va., and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Taber)
| | - Robin A Hurley
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (Lad, Hurley, Taber); Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C., and Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Hurley); and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Va., and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Taber)
| | - Katherine H Taber
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (Lad, Hurley, Taber); Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C., and Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Hurley); and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Va., and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Taber)
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