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Dos Santos M, Shah AM, Zhang Y, Bezprozvannaya S, Chen K, Xu L, Lin W, McAnally JR, Bassel-Duby R, Liu N, Olson EN. Opposing gene regulatory programs governing myofiber development and maturation revealed at single nucleus resolution. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4333. [PMID: 37468485 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibers express distinct gene programs during development and maturation, but the underlying gene regulatory networks that confer stage-specific myofiber properties remain unknown. To decipher these distinctive gene programs and how they respond to neural activity, we generated a combined multi-omic single-nucleus RNA-seq and ATAC-seq atlas of mouse skeletal muscle development at multiple stages of embryonic, fetal, and postnatal life. We found that Myogenin, Klf5, and Tead4 form a transcriptional complex that synergistically activates the expression of muscle genes in developing myofibers. During myofiber maturation, the transcription factor Maf acts as a transcriptional switch to activate the mature fast muscle gene program. In skeletal muscles of mutant mice lacking voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels (Cav1.1), Maf expression and myofiber maturation are impaired. These findings provide a transcriptional atlas of muscle development and reveal genetic links between myofiber formation, maturation, and contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Dos Santos
- Department of Molecular Biology, the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, and Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Akansha M Shah
- Department of Molecular Biology, the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, and Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, and Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Svetlana Bezprozvannaya
- Department of Molecular Biology, the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, and Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Kenian Chen
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Weichun Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - John R McAnally
- Department of Molecular Biology, the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, and Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology, the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, and Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, and Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, and Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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Lizunkova P, Engdahl E, Borbély G, Gennings C, Lindh C, Bornehag CG, Rüegg J. A Mixture of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Associated with Lower Birth Weight in Children Induces Adipogenesis and DNA Methylation Changes in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042320. [PMID: 35216435 PMCID: PMC8879125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are man-made compounds that alter functions of the endocrine system. Environmental mixtures of EDCs might have adverse effects on human health, even though their individual concentrations are below regulatory levels of concerns. However, studies identifying and experimentally testing adverse effects of real-life mixtures are scarce. In this study, we aimed at evaluating an epidemiologically identified EDC mixture in an experimental setting to delineate its cellular and epigenetic effects. The mixture was established using data from the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal Mother and child Asthma and allergy (SELMA) study where it was associated with lower birth weight, an early marker for prenatal metabolic programming. This mixture was then tested for its ability to change metabolic programming of human mesenchymal stem cells. In these cells, we assessed if the mixture induced adipogenesis and genome-wide DNA methylation changes. The mixture increased lipid droplet accumulation already at concentrations corresponding to levels measured in the pregnant women of the SELMA study. Furthermore, we identified differentially methylated regions in genes important for adipogenesis and thermogenesis. This study shows that a mixture reflecting human real-life exposure can induce molecular and cellular changes during development that could underlie adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Lizunkova
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.L.); (E.E.)
| | - Elin Engdahl
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.L.); (E.E.)
| | - Gábor Borbély
- The Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), 15257 Södertälje, Sweden;
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.G.); (C.-G.B.)
| | - Christian Lindh
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 22363 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.G.); (C.-G.B.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, 65188 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Joëlle Rüegg
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.L.); (E.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-73-7121592
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3
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Regan JA, Shah SH. Obesity Genomics and Metabolomics: a Nexus of Cardiometabolic Risk. Curr Cardiol Rep 2020; 22:174. [PMID: 33040225 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-020-01422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is a significant international public health epidemic with major downstream consequences on morbidity and mortality. While lifestyle factors contribute, there is an evolving understanding of genomic and metabolomic pathways involved with obesity and its relationship with cardiometabolic risk. This review will provide an overview of some of these important findings from both a biologic and clinical perspective. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have identified polygenic risk scores and metabolomic biomarkers of obesity and related outcomes, which have also highlighted biological pathways, such as the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) pathway that is dysregulated in this disease. These biomarkers may help in personalizing obesity interventions and for mitigation of future cardiometabolic risk. A multifaceted approach is necessary to impact the growing epidemic of obesity and related diseases. This will likely include incorporating precision medicine approaches with genomic and metabolomic biomarkers to personalize interventions and improve risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Regan
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, 300 N. Duke Street, DUMC, Box 104775, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Svati H Shah
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. .,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, 300 N. Duke Street, DUMC, Box 104775, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
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Dos Santos M, Backer S, Saintpierre B, Izac B, Andrieu M, Letourneur F, Relaix F, Sotiropoulos A, Maire P. Single-nucleus RNA-seq and FISH identify coordinated transcriptional activity in mammalian myofibers. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5102. [PMID: 33037211 PMCID: PMC7547110 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibers are large syncytia but it is currently unknown whether gene expression is coordinately regulated in their numerous nuclei. Here we show by snRNA-seq and snATAC-seq that slow, fast, myotendinous and neuromuscular junction myonuclei each have different transcriptional programs, associated with distinct chromatin states and combinations of transcription factors. In adult mice, identified myofiber types predominantly express either a slow or one of the three fast isoforms of Myosin heavy chain (MYH) proteins, while a small number of hybrid fibers can express more than one MYH. By snRNA-seq and FISH, we show that the majority of myonuclei within a myofiber are synchronized, coordinately expressing only one fast Myh isoform with a preferential panel of muscle-specific genes. Importantly, this coordination of expression occurs early during post-natal development and depends on innervation. These findings highlight a previously undefined mechanism of coordination of gene expression in a syncytium. Whether skeletal muscle fibre gene expression is coordinated as a whole in different nuclei in the fibre is unclear. Here, the authors use single nucleus RNAseq and ATACseq to show the transcriptome heterogeneity of muscle nuclei in the adult mouse fibre, with correlations between the two datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphanie Backer
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS., 75014, Paris, France
| | | | - Brigitte Izac
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS., 75014, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Andrieu
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS., 75014, Paris, France
| | - Franck Letourneur
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS., 75014, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Relaix
- Université Paris-Est Creteil, INSERM U955 IMRB., 94000, Creteil, France
| | | | - Pascal Maire
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS., 75014, Paris, France.
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Chen T, Wu H, Chen X, Xie R, Wang F, Sun H, Chen L. p53 Mediates GnRH Secretion via Lin28/let-7 System in GT1-7 Cells. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4681-4688. [PMID: 33299335 PMCID: PMC7720897 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s279901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE The well-known tumor suppressor transcriptional factor p53 has been proposed to be one of the central hubs of a functionally related and hierarchically arranged gene network coordinating pubertal timing. Our previous studies revealed that p53 is involved in the metabolic control of puberty. The current study aimed to investigate the underlying signaling pathway, through which p53 mediated the metabolic control of puberty. DESIGN SETTING PARTICIPANTS INTERVENTIONS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We engineered the expression of p53 and/or Lin28a in GT1-7 cells to investigate the interaction between p53 and Lin28/let-7 system, and their impact on GnRH secretion. RESULTS Overexpression of p53 stimulated, while inhibition of p53 by pifithrin-α significantly suppressed the GnRH secretion and GPR54 expression levels in response to kisspeptin stimulation in GT1-7 cells. Furthermore, overexpressed p53 suppressed Lin28a and c-Myc expression levels and increased let-7 expression levels in GT1-7 cell lines. On the other hand, inhibition of p53 by pifithrin-α upregulated Lin28a and c-Myc levels and downregulated let-7 expression levels. Moreover, Lin28a overexpression counteracted the effect of p53 overexpression in p53 and Lin28a co-overexpression cells, whose GnRH secretion and GPR54 expression levels were not different from controls. Meanwhile, Lin28a suppression counteracted the effect of pifithrin-α, and the GnRH secretion and GPR54 expression levels are not different from controls in p53 and Lin28a co-suppression cells. CONCLUSION These data suggest that p53 is a central mediator of GnRH secretion in hypothalamus, and this effect is at least partly through the Lin28/let-7 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou215000Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ting Chen Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-512-8069-8322 Email
| | - Haiying Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou215000Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou215000Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou215000Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou215000Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou215000Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linqi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou215000Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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Deng B, Zhang F, Chen K, Wen J, Huang H, Liu W, Ye S, Wang L, Yang Y, Gong P, Jiang S. MyoD promotes porcine PPARγ gene expression through an E-box and a MyoD-binding site in the PPARγ promoter region. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:381-91. [PMID: 26944559 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a key transcription factor in adipogenesis and can be regulated by adipogenesis-related factors. However, little information is available regarding its regulation by myogenic factors. In this study, we found that over-expression of MyoD enhanced porcine adipocyte differentiation and up-regulated PPARγ expression, whereas small interfering RNA against MyoD significantly attenuated porcine adipocyte differentiation and inhibited PPARγ expression. The MyoD-binding sites in the PPARγ promoter region at -412 to -396 and -155 to -150 were identified by promoter deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation further showed that these two regions are MyoD-binding sites, both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that MyoD directly interacts with the porcine PPARγ promoter. Thus, our results demonstrate that an Enhancer box and a binding site for a cooperative co-activator of MyoD are present in the promoter region of porcine PPARγ; furthermore, MyoD up-regulates PPARγ expression and promotes porcine adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Deng
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Kun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jianghui Wen
- Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Haijun Huang
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Wu Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Shengqiang Ye
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Ping Gong
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Peoples Republic of China. .,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Peoples Republic of China.
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Tsuchiya M, Misaka R, Nitta K, Tsuchiya K. Transcriptional factors, Mafs and their biological roles. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:175-183. [PMID: 25685288 PMCID: PMC4317310 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Maf family of transcription factors is characterized by a typical bZip structure; these transcription factors act as important regulators of the development and differentiation of many organs and tissues, including the kidney. The Maf family consists of two subgroups that are characterized according to their structure: large Maf transcription factors and small Maf transcription factors. The large Maf subgroup consists of four proteins, designated as MAFA, MAFB, c-MAF and neural retina-specific leucine zipper. In particular, MAFA is a distinct molecule that has been attracting the attention of researchers because it acts as a strong transactivator of insulin, suggesting that Maf transcription factors are likely to be involved in systemic energy homeostasis. In this review, we focused on the regulation of glucose/energy balance by Maf transcription factors in various organs.
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Sadie-Van Gijsen H, Hough FS, Ferris WF. Determinants of bone marrow adiposity: the modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 activity as a central mechanism. Bone 2013; 56:255-65. [PMID: 23800517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the presence of adipocytes in the bone marrow is a normal physiological phenomenon, the role of these cells in bone homeostasis and during pathological states has not yet been fully delineated. As osteoblasts and adipocytes originate from a common progenitor, with an inverse relationship existing between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis, bone marrow adiposity often negatively correlates with osteoblast number and bone mineral density. Bone adiposity can be affected by several physiological and pathophysiological factors, with abnormal, elevated marrow fat resulting in a pathological state. This review focuses on the regulation of bone adiposity by physiological factors, including aging, mechanical loading and growth factor expression, as well as the pathophysiological factors, including diseases such as anorexia nervosa and dyslipidemia, and pharmacological agents such as thiazolidinediones and statins. Although these factors regulate bone marrow adiposity via a plethora of different intracellular signaling pathways, these diverse pathways often converge on the modulation of the expression and/or activity of the pro-adipogenic transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ2, suggesting that any factor that affects PPAR-γ2 may have an impact on the fat content of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
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Haller S, Spiegler J, Hemmelmann C, Küster H, Vochem M, Möller J, Müller D, Kribs A, Hoehn T, Härtel C, Herting E, Göpel W. Polymorphisms in FTO and MAF Genes and Birth Weight, BMI, Ponderal Index, Weight Gain in a Large Cohort of Infants with a Birth Weight below 1500 Grams. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66331. [PMID: 23840443 PMCID: PMC3694095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FTO gene, located on chromosome 16q12.2, and the MAF gene, located on chromosome 16q22-23, were identified as genes harboring common variants with an impact on obesity predisposition. We studied the association of common variants with birth weight, gain of body weight, body mass index (BMI), Ponderal index and relevant neonatal outcomes in a large German cohort of infants with a birth weight below 1500 grams. METHODS The single nucleotide polymorphisms rs9939609 (FTO gene) and rs1424233 (MAF gene) were genotyped using allelic discrimination assays in a prospective multicenter cohort study conducted in 15 neonatal intensive care units in Germany from September 2003 until January 2008. DNA samples were extracted from buccal swabs according to standard protocols. RESULTS 1946 infants were successfully genotyped at FTO and 2149 infants at MAF. Allele frequencies were not significantly different from other European cohorts. The polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The polymorphisms did not show associations with birth weight, BMI and Ponderal Index at discharge, and weight gain, neither testing for a dominant, additive nor for a recessive model. DISCUSSION Since an association of the polymorphisms with weight gain has been demonstrated in multiple populations, the lack of association in a population of preterm infants with regular tube feeding after birth and highly controlled feeding volumes provides evidence for the hypothesis that these polymorphisms affect food intake behavior and hunger rather than metabolism and energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia Hemmelmann
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Helmut Küster
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Jens Möller
- Children's Hospital Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Angela Kribs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoehn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Egbert Herting
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Göpel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Nishikawa K, Nakashima T, Takeda S, Isogai M, Hamada M, Kimura A, Kodama T, Yamaguchi A, Owen MJ, Takahashi S, Takayanagi H. Maf promotes osteoblast differentiation in mice by mediating the age-related switch in mesenchymal cell differentiation. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:3455-65. [PMID: 20877012 DOI: 10.1172/jci42528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to the disruption of the homeostatic balance of multiple biological systems. In bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal cells undergo differentiation into various anchorage-dependent cell types, including osteoblasts and adipocytes. With age as well as with treatment of antidiabetic drugs such as thiazolidinediones, mesenchymal cells favor differentiation into adipocytes, resulting in an increased number of adipocytes and a decreased number of osteoblasts, causing osteoporosis. The mechanism behind this differentiation switch is unknown. Here we show an age-related decrease in the expression of Maf in mouse mesenchymal cells, which regulated mesenchymal cell bifurcation into osteoblasts and adipocytes by cooperating with the osteogenic transcription factor Runx2 and inhibiting the expression of the adipogenic transcription factor Pparg. The crucial role of Maf in both osteogenesis and adipogenesis was underscored by in vivo observations of delayed bone formation in perinatal Maf(-/-) mice and an accelerated formation of fatty marrow associated with bone loss in aged Maf(+/-) mice. This study identifies a transcriptional mechanism for an age-related switch in cell fate determination and may provide a molecular basis for novel therapeutic strategies against age-related bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Nishikawa
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Tsai FJ, Yang CF, Chen CC, Chuang LM, Lu CH, Chang CT, Wang TY, Chen RH, Shiu CF, Liu YM, Chang CC, Chen P, Chen CH, Fann CSJ, Chen YT, Wu JY. A genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility variants for type 2 diabetes in Han Chinese. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1000847. [PMID: 20174558 PMCID: PMC2824763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the underlying mechanisms of T2D pathogenesis, we looked for diabetes susceptibility genes that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a Han Chinese population. A two-stage genome-wide association (GWA) study was conducted, in which 995 patients and 894 controls were genotyped using the Illumina HumanHap550-Duo BeadChip for the first genome scan stage. This was further replicated in 1,803 patients and 1,473 controls in stage 2. We found two loci not previously associated with diabetes susceptibility in and around the genes protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D (PTPRD) (P = 8.54×10−10; odds ratio [OR] = 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36–1.82), and serine racemase (SRR) (P = 3.06×10−9; OR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.18–1.39). We also confirmed that variants in KCNQ1 were associated with T2D risk, with the strongest signal at rs2237895 (P = 9.65×10−10; OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.19–1.40). By identifying two novel genetic susceptibility loci in a Han Chinese population and confirming the involvement of KCNQ1, which was previously reported to be associated with T2D in Japanese and European descent populations, our results may lead to a better understanding of differences in the molecular pathogenesis of T2D among various populations. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disease that involves many genes and environmental factors. Genome-wide and candidate-gene association studies have thus far identified at least 19 regions containing genes that may confer a risk for T2D. However, most of these studies were conducted with patients of European descent. We studied Chinese patients with T2D and identified two genes, PTPRD and SRR, that were not previously known to be involved in diabetes and are involved in biological pathways different from those implicated in T2D by previous association reports. PTPRD is a protein tyrosine phosphatase and may affect insulin signaling on its target cells. SRR encodes a serine racemase that synthesizes D-serine from L-serine. Both D-serine (coagonist) and the neurotransmitter glutamate bind to NMDA receptors and trigger excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. Glutamate signaling also regulates insulin and glucagon secretion in pancreatic islets. Thus, SRR and D-serine, in addition to regulating insulin and glucagon secretion, may play a role in the etiology of T2D. Our study suggests that, in different patient populations, different genes may confer risks for diabetes. Our findings may lead to a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Pediatrics and Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fan Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Genotyping Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chu Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsiang Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chwen-Tzuei Chang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yuan Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Hsing Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Fang Shiu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Genotyping Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cathy S. J. Fann
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Tsong Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Genotyping Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (Y-TC); (J-YW)
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Genotyping Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (Y-TC); (J-YW)
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12
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Todoerti K, Lisignoli G, Storti P, Agnelli L, Novara F, Manferdini C, Codeluppi K, Colla S, Crugnola M, Abeltino M, Bolzoni M, Sgobba V, Facchini A, Lambertenghi-Deliliers G, Zuffardi O, Rizzoli V, Neri A, Giuliani N. Distinct transcriptional profiles characterize bone microenvironment mesenchymal cells rather than osteoblasts in relationship with multiple myeloma bone disease. Exp Hematol 2009; 38:141-53. [PMID: 19963035 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2009.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by a high incidence of osteolytic bone lesions, which have been previously correlated with the gene expression profiles of MM cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the transcriptional patterns of cells in the bone microenvironment and their relationships with the presence of osteolysis in MM patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Both mesenchymal (MSC) and osteoblastic (OB) cells were isolated directly from bone biopsies of MM patients and controls to perform gene expression profiling by microarrays and real-time polymerase chain reaction on selected bone-related genes. RESULTS We identified a series of upregulated and downregulated genes that were differentially expressed in the MSC cells of osteolytic and nonosteolytic patients. Comparison of the osteolytic and nonosteolytic samples also showed that the MSC cells and OB had distinct transcriptional patterns. No significantly modulated genes were found in the OBs of the osteolytic and nonosteolytic patients. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the gene expression profiles of cells of the bone microenvironment are different in MM patients and controls, and that MSC cells, but not OBs, have a distinct transcriptional pattern associated with the occurrence of bone lesions in MM patients. These data support the idea that alterations in MSC cells may be involved in MM bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Todoerti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università di Milano e U.O. Ematologia 1, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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13
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Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors play critical roles in lymphoid and erythroid development; however, little is known about their role in myeloid lineage development. In this study, we identify the bHLH transcription factor Twist-2 as a key negative regulator of myeloid lineage development, as manifested by marked increases in mature myeloid populations of macrophages, neutrophils, and basophils in Twist-2-deficient mice. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that Twist-2 inhibits the proliferation as well as differentiation of granulocyte macrophage progenitors (GMP) by interacting with and inhibiting the transcription factors Runx1 and C/EBPalpha. Moreover, Twist-2 was found to have a contrasting effect on cytokine production: inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) while promoting the regulatory cytokine IL-10 by myeloid cells. The data from further analyses suggest that Twist-2 activates the transcription factor c-Maf, leading to IL-10 expression. In addition, Twist-2 was found to be essential for endotoxin tolerance. Thus, this study reveals the critical role of Twist-2 in regulating the development of myeloid lineages, as well as the function and inflammatory responses of mature myeloid cells.
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14
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Meyre D, Delplanque J, Chèvre JC, Lecoeur C, Lobbens S, Gallina S, Durand E, Vatin V, Degraeve F, Proença C, Gaget S, Körner A, Kovacs P, Kiess W, Tichet J, Marre M, Hartikainen AL, Horber F, Potoczna N, Hercberg S, Levy-Marchal C, Pattou F, Heude B, Tauber M, McCarthy MI, Blakemore AIF, Montpetit A, Polychronakos C, Weill J, Coin LJM, Asher J, Elliott P, Järvelin MR, Visvikis-Siest S, Balkau B, Sladek R, Balding D, Walley A, Dina C, Froguel P. Genome-wide association study for early-onset and morbid adult obesity identifies three new risk loci in European populations. Nat Genet 2009; 41:157-9. [PMID: 19151714 DOI: 10.1038/ng.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed genome-wide association data from 1,380 Europeans with early-onset and morbid adult obesity and 1,416 age-matched normal-weight controls. Thirty-eight markers showing strong association were further evaluated in 14,186 European subjects. In addition to FTO and MC4R, we detected significant association of obesity with three new risk loci in NPC1 (endosomal/lysosomal Niemann-Pick C1 gene, P = 2.9 x 10(-7)), near MAF (encoding the transcription factor c-MAF, P = 3.8 x 10(-13)) and near PTER (phosphotriesterase-related gene, P = 2.1 x 10(-7)).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Meyre
- CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, 59000 Lille, France
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15
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Shirota S, Yoshida T, Sakai M, Kim JI, Sugiura H, Oishi T, Nitta K, Tsuchiya K. Correlation between the expression level of c-maf and glutathione peroxidase-3 in c-maf -/- mice kidney and c-maf overexpressed renal tubular cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 348:501-6. [PMID: 16890189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 07/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Large mafs are transcriptional factors and members of the basic leucine zipper (b-Zip) superfamily. Since we previously identified expression of c-maf in mouse kidney, we presently investigated the mRNA expression profile in the kidney of c-maf gene knockout mice by using DNA microarray, and plasma glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPx3) was predominantly downregulated. We focused on the relation between the expression level of c-maf and GPx3 in vivo and in vitro. Since GPx3 is an antioxidant enzyme, oxidative stress was induced by exposing a culture cell derived from mouse renal tubules (mIMCD3) to hydrogen peroxide. Real-time PCR demonstrated that mRNA expression of both c-maf and GPx3 increased in parallel during exposure to oxidative stress in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Then, the mIMCD3 cells were transfected with c-maf-cDNA containing plasmid, which resulted in an increase in mRNA and protein expression of GPx3 compared with the control cells. Thus, c-maf may be transcriptional regulator of GPx3 expression and modulate the antioxidative pathway in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shirota
- Department of Medicine IV, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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16
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Tsuchiya M, Taniguchi S, Yasuda K, Nitta K, Maeda A, Shigemoto M, Tsuchiya K. Potential roles of large mafs in cell lineages and developing pancreas. Pancreas 2006; 32:408-16. [PMID: 16670624 DOI: 10.1097/01.mpa.0000220867.64787.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maf is a family of transcription factor proteins characterized by a typical bZip structure, and mafA, a member of the large-maf family, is a strong transactivator of insulin in cell lines. The present study investigated the expression profiles of the large-maf family proteins in porcine pancreatic tissue and in primary culture cells. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was performed to localize each maf protein. Messenger RNA expression was quantitated by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and protein expression was assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS Islet formation was not as clear in newborn pancreatic tissue as in adult pancreatic tissue. MafA- and c-maf-positive cells were more diffusely localized in pancreatic tissue with fewer mafB-positive cell clusters scattered throughout. By contrast, islet formation was clearer, and positive staining for mafA and c-maf tended to be more prominent in the islets of adult pancreatic tissue. Messenger RNA and protein expressions were consistent with the immunohistochemical findings. MafA, mafB, and c-maf coexpressed with insulin-positive cells, and c-maf coexpressed with glucagon-positive cells in adult porcine pancreas based on the results of a double-staining study. CONCLUSIONS Large mafs were identified in normal porcine and human pancreas, and the expression levels and localizations of the large mafs in newborn and adult pancreatic tissues differed. Mafs may play important roles in establishing endocrine function during pancreatic cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Tsuchiya
- Institute of Geriatrics, Aoyama Hospital, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Omoteyama K, Ikeda H, Imaki J, Sakai M. Activation of connective tissue growth factor gene by the c-Maf and Lc-Maf transcription factors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 339:1089-97. [PMID: 16343439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.11.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2005] [Accepted: 11/21/2005] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Maf family of transcription factors is expressed during development of various organs and tissues, and is involved in a variety of developmental and cellular differentiation processes. We previously found that c-maf and mafB are strongly expressed in hypertrophic chondrocytes during cartilage development. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is also expressed in hypertrophic chondrocytes. Adenovirus mediated introduction of c-maf gene into the mouse fibroblast cell line C3H10T1/2 strongly induced CTGF expression. CTGF can be induced by TGF-beta via the SMAD pathway; however, the c-Maf could not induce TGF-beta, nor could TGF-beta induce the c-Maf, suggesting that activation of CTGF by Maf is TGF-beta independent. Reporter transfection analysis using C3H10T1/2 cells shows that c-Maf stimulates a CTGF reporter gene. Lc-Maf, a splice variant of c-Maf containing an extra 10 amino acids in the carboxyl terminus, was a stronger inducer of the CTGF reporter gene than c-Maf. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that c-Maf binds to the promoter region of the CTGF gene, indicating that Maf directly activates the CTGF gene. Taken together, these data indicate that the CTGF gene is a target of c-Maf and Lc-Maf in cartilage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Omoteyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N14, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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