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Muduli N, Aparna S, Patri M, Sahoo KK. Saffron stigma extract and crocin play an important neuroprotective role in therapeutic measures against benzo[a]pyrene-induced behavioral alterations in zebrafish. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:131-142. [PMID: 37649374 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2250576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Saffron is a well-known expensive spice, which has many pharmacological properties against a variety of ailments. Saffron stigma and leaf contain apocarotenoids and bioactive phytochemicals having therapeutic potential against human disorders. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the most common toxins in today's aquatic environment. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a high molecular weight PAHs prototype, and reported as a potent neurotoxicant, which is profoundly contaminating the environment. The present study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of Saffron stigma extracts and crocin, on B[a]P-induced behavioral changes, altered antioxidant activities, and neurodegeneration in zebrafish. The behavioral responses monitored through the light-dark preference test and novel tank diving test suggested that B[a]P treated zebrafish group showed alteration in anxiolytic-like behavior. Animals exhibited their native behavior when treated alone with Saffron Stigma Extract (SSE) and crocin, an apocarotenoid which also reduced the altered behavior induced by B[a]P. The SSE and crocin stimulated the antioxidant activities with an accumulation of reduced glutathione and catalase enzymes, indicating a protective role against B[a]P-induced oxidative stress and behavioral deficits. The histopathological studies showed the percentage change of pyknotic cell counts in the Periventricular Gray Zone region of the Optic Tectum was 1.74 folds high in B[a]P treated animals as compared to control. Furthermore, the treatment of SSE and crocin reduced the pyknosis process induced by B[a]P-mediated neurodegeneration, possibly due to a better protective mechanism. Future studies may reveal the detailed mechanisms of action of potent SSE and crocin like bioactive compounds having neuroprotective potentials against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Muduli
- Department of Botany, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, India
| | - Sai Aparna
- Department of Zoology, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, India
| | - Manorama Patri
- Department of Zoology, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, India
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Fukuyama Y, Kubo M, Harada K. Neurotrophic Natural Products. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 123:1-473. [PMID: 38340248 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42422-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT3, NT4) can decrease cell death, induce differentiation, as well as sustain the structure and function of neurons, which make them promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. However, neurotrophins have not been very effective in clinical trials mostly because they cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier owing to being high-molecular-weight proteins. Thus, neurotrophin-mimic small molecules, which stimulate the synthesis of endogenous neurotrophins or enhance neurotrophic actions, may serve as promising alternatives to neurotrophins. Small-molecular-weight natural products, which have been used in dietary functional foods or in traditional medicines over the course of human history, have a great potential for the development of new therapeutic agents against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In this contribution, a variety of natural products possessing neurotrophic properties such as neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth promotion (neuritogenesis), and neuroprotection are described, and a focus is made on the chemistry and biology of several neurotrophic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
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Uddin MS, Mamun AA, Rahman MM, Jeandet P, Alexiou A, Behl T, Sarwar MS, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Ashraf GM, Sayed AA, Albadrani GM, Peluso I, Abdel-Daim MM. Natural Products for Neurodegeneration: Regulating Neurotrophic Signals. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8820406. [PMID: 34239696 PMCID: PMC8241508 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8820406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are heterogeneous groups of ailments typically characterized by progressive damage of the nervous system. Several drugs are used to treat NDs but they have only symptomatic benefits with various side effects. Numerous researches have been performed to prove the advantages of phytochemicals for the treatment of NDs. Furthermore, phytochemicals such as polyphenols might play a pivotal role in rescue from neurodegeneration due to their various effects as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiamyloidogenic agents by controlling apoptotic factors, neurotrophic factors (NTFs), free radical scavenging system, and mitochondrial stress. On the other hand, neurotrophins (NTs) including nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NT4/5, and NT3 might have a crucial neuroprotective role, and their diminution triggers the development of the NDs. Polyphenols can interfere directly with intracellular signaling molecules to alter brain activity. Several natural products also improve the biosynthesis of endogenous genes encoding antiapoptotic Bcl-2 as well as NTFs such as glial cell and brain-derived NTFs. Various epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the initiation of these genes could play an essential role in the neuroprotective function of dietary compounds. Hence, targeting NTs might represent a promising approach for the management of NDs. In this review, we focus on the natural product-mediated neurotrophic signal-modulating cascades, which are involved in the neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Md Motiar Rahman
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences (LCBNS), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC INRAe 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, P.O. Box 1039, CEDEX 2, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 2770 Hebersham, Australia
- AFNP Med Austria, 1010 Wien, Austria
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, 8330507 Santiago, Chile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany A. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ghadeer M. Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Choi YE, Choi SI, Han X, Men X, Jang GW, Kwon HY, Kang SR, Han JS, Lee OKH. Radical Scavenging-Linked Anti-Adipogenic Activity of Aster scaber Ethanolic Extract and Its Bioactive Compound. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121290. [PMID: 33339396 PMCID: PMC7766398 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aster scaber is a wild vegetable cultivated in Korea and is known to contain phytochemicals with various biological activities. The potential antioxidant and anti-obesity effects of A. scaber and their mechanism are yet to be reported. We evaluated the total phenolic, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidin contents and oxygen radical absorbance capacity of A. scaber ethanolic extract (ASE), and analyzed the major phenolic compounds of ASE. Antioxidant activity was measured at the chemical level through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power assay, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) assay. In addition, it was measured in vitro through inhibition of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in 3T3-L1 adipocyte, and inhibition of lipid accumulation was also evaluated. ASE reduced the expression of enzymes involved in the production of ROS and increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes that reduce increased ROS levels. They also reduced the expression of adipogenesis transcription factors that regulate adipocyte differentiation in relation to ROS production, inhibited the expression of lipogenesis-related genes related to fat accumulation through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, and increased expression of lipolysis-related genes. Thus, ASE containing CGA (chlorogenic acid) inhibits ROS production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, owing to its strong antioxidant activity, and inhibits lipid accumulation caused by oxidative stress. The extract can be used as a potential functional food material for reducing oxidative stress and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Eun Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (Y.-E.C.); (S.-I.C.); (X.H.); (X.M.); (G.-W.J.); (H.-Y.K.)
| | - Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (Y.-E.C.); (S.-I.C.); (X.H.); (X.M.); (G.-W.J.); (H.-Y.K.)
| | - Xionggao Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (Y.-E.C.); (S.-I.C.); (X.H.); (X.M.); (G.-W.J.); (H.-Y.K.)
| | - Xiao Men
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (Y.-E.C.); (S.-I.C.); (X.H.); (X.M.); (G.-W.J.); (H.-Y.K.)
| | - Gill-Woong Jang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (Y.-E.C.); (S.-I.C.); (X.H.); (X.M.); (G.-W.J.); (H.-Y.K.)
| | - Hee-Yeon Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (Y.-E.C.); (S.-I.C.); (X.H.); (X.M.); (G.-W.J.); (H.-Y.K.)
| | - Seong-Ran Kang
- The Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan 54576, Korea; (S.-R.K.); (J.-S.H.)
| | - Jin-Soo Han
- The Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan 54576, Korea; (S.-R.K.); (J.-S.H.)
| | - OK-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (Y.-E.C.); (S.-I.C.); (X.H.); (X.M.); (G.-W.J.); (H.-Y.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-6454; Fax: +82-33-259-5565
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Nourbakhsh F, Read MI, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Boosting the autophagy-lysosomal pathway by phytochemicals: A potential therapeutic strategy against Alzheimer's disease. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:2360-2281. [PMID: 32894821 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The lysosome is a membrane-enclosed organelle in eukaryotic cells, which has basic pattern recognition for nutrient-dependent signal transduction. In Alzheimer's disease, the already declining autophagy-lysosomal function is exacerbated by an increased need for clearance of damaged proteins and organelles in aged cells. Recent evidence suggests that numerous diseases are linked to impaired autophagy upstream of lysosomes. In this way, a comprehensive survey on the pathophysiology of the disease seems necessary. Hence, in the first section of this review, we will discuss the ultimate findings in lysosomal signaling functions and how they affect cellular metabolism and trafficking under neurodegenerative conditions, specifically Alzheimer's disease. In the second section, we focus on how natural products and their derivatives are involved in the regulation of inflammation and lysosomal dysfunction pathways, including how these should be considered a crucial target for Alzheimer's disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Nourbakhsh
- Medical Toxicology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morgayn I Read
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
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Basavan D, Chalichem NSS, Kumar MKS. Phytoconstituents and their Possible Mechanistic Profile for Alzheimer's Disease - A Literature Review. Curr Drug Targets 2018; 20:263-291. [PMID: 30101703 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180813095637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Memory is an associated part of life without which livelihood of a human being becomes miserable. As the global aged population is increasing tremendously, time has come to concentrate on tail end life stage diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of such diseases whose origin is enigmatic, having an impact on later stage of life drastically due to irreparable damage of cognition, characterised by the presence of neurotoxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and hyper phosphorylated Tau protein as fibrillary tangles. Existing therapeutic regimen mainly focuses on symptomatic relief by targeting neurotransmitters that are secondary to AD pathology. Plant derived licensed drugs, Galantamine and Huperzine-A were studied extensively due to their AChE inhibitory action for mild to moderate cases of AD. Although many studies have proved the efficacy of AChEIs as a preferable symptom reliever, they cannot offer long term protection. The future generation drugs of AD is expected to alter various factors that underlie the disease course with a symptomatic benefit promise. As AD involves complex pathology, it is essential to consider several molecular divergent factors apart from the events that result in the production of toxic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Even though several herbals have shown neuroprotective actions, we have mentioned about the phytoconstituents that have been tested experimentally against different Alzheimer's pathology models. These phytoconstituents need to be considered by the researchers for further drug development process to make them viable clinically, which is currently a lacuna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraiswamy Basavan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytopharmacy, JSS College of pharmacy (Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), Ooty-643001, India
| | - Nehru S S Chalichem
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytopharmacy, JSS College of pharmacy (Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), Ooty-643001, India
| | - Mohan K S Kumar
- TIFAC CORE Herbal drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytopharmacy, JSS College of Pharmacy (Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), ooty-643001, India
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Shal B, Ding W, Ali H, Kim YS, Khan S. Anti-neuroinflammatory Potential of Natural Products in Attenuation of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:548. [PMID: 29896105 PMCID: PMC5986949 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with dementia and cognitive impairment most common in elderly population. Various pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed by numerous researcher, although, exact mechanism is not yet elucidated. Several studies have been indicated that neuroinflammation associated with deposition of amyloid- beta (Aβ) in brain is a major hallmark toward the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. So, there is a need to unravel the link of inflammatory process in neurodegeneration. Increased microglial activation, expression of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) participate in inflammatory process of AD. This review mainly concentrates on involvement of neuroinflammation and the molecular mechanisms adapted by various natural compounds, phytochemicals and herbal formulations in various signaling pathways involved in neuroprotection. Currently, pharmacologically active natural products, having anti-neuroinflammatory potential are being focused which makes them potential candidate to cure AD. A number of preclinical and clinical trials have been done on nutritional and botanical agents. Analysis of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective phytochemicals such as terpenoids, phenolic derivatives, alkaloids, glycosides, and steroidal saponins displays therapeutic potential toward amelioration and prevention of devastating neurodegeneration observed in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Shal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rizhao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rizhao, China
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yeong S Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Clifford M, Jaganath IB, Ludwig IA, Crozier A. Chlorogenic acids and the acyl-quinic acids: discovery, biosynthesis, bioavailability and bioactivity. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:1391-1421. [DOI: 10.1039/c7np00030h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review is focussed upon the acyl-quinic acids, the most studied group within theca.400 chlorogenic acids so far reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N. Clifford
- School of Biosciences and Medicine
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
| | - Indu B. Jaganath
- Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute
- Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Iziar A. Ludwig
- Department of Food Technology
- University of Lleida
- Lleida
- Spain
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition
- University of California
- Davis
- USA
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Reddy RG, Veeraval L, Maitra S, Chollet-Krugler M, Tomasi S, Dévéhat FLL, Boustie J, Chakravarty S. Lichen-derived compounds show potential for central nervous system therapeutics. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1527-1534. [PMID: 27765373 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products from lichens are widely investigated for their biological properties, yet their potential as central nervous system (CNS) therapeutic agents is less explored. PURPOSE The present study investigated the neuroactive properties of selected lichen compounds (atranorin, perlatolic acid, physodic acid and usnic acid), for their neurotrophic, neurogenic and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activities. METHODS Neurotrophic activity (neurite outgrowth) was determined using murine neuroblastoma Neuro2A cells. A MTT assay was performed to assess the cytotoxicity of compounds at optimum neurotrophic activity. Neuro2A cells treated with neurotrophic lichen compounds were used for RT-PCR to evaluate the induction of genes that code for the neurotrophic markers BDNF and NGF. Immunoblotting was used to assess acetyl H3 and H4 levels, the epigenetic markers associated with neurotrophic and/or neurogenic activity. The neurogenic property of the compounds was determined using murine hippocampal primary cultures. AChE inhibition activity was performed using a modified Ellman's esterase method. RESULTS Lichen compounds atranorin, perlatolic acid, physodic acid and (+)-usnic acid showed neurotrophic activity in a preliminary cell-based screening based on Neuro2A neurite outgrowth. Except for usnic acid, no cytotoxic effects were observed for the two depsides (atranorin and perlatolic acid) and the alkyl depsidone (physodic acid). Perlatolic acid appears to be promising, as it also exhibited AChE inhibition activity and potent proneurogenic activity. The neurotrophic lichen compounds (atranorin, perlatolic acid, physodic acid) modulated the gene expression of BDNF and NGF. In addition, perlatolic acid showed increased protein levels of acetyl H3 and H4 in Neuro2A cells. CONCLUSION These lichen depsides and depsidones showed neuroactive properties in vitro (Neuro2A cells) and ex vivo (primary neural stem or progenitor cells), suggesting their potential to treat CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gajendra Reddy
- Chemical Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Lenin Veeraval
- Chemical Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Swati Maitra
- Chemical Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Marylène Chollet-Krugler
- PNSCM-UMRCNRS 6226, ISCR, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Rennes 1, 2 Av. du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Tomasi
- PNSCM-UMRCNRS 6226, ISCR, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Rennes 1, 2 Av. du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Lohézic-Le Dévéhat
- PNSCM-UMRCNRS 6226, ISCR, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Rennes 1, 2 Av. du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Joël Boustie
- PNSCM-UMRCNRS 6226, ISCR, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Rennes 1, 2 Av. du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France.
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Chemical Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
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Venkatesan R, Ji E, Kim SY. Phytochemicals that regulate neurodegenerative disease by targeting neurotrophins: a comprehensive review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:814068. [PMID: 26075266 PMCID: PMC4446472 DOI: 10.1155/2015/814068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by progressive dementia and deterioration of cognitive function, is an unsolved social and medical problem. Age, nutrition, and toxins are the most common causes of AD. However, currently no credible treatment is available for AD. Traditional herbs and phytochemicals may delay its onset and slow its progression and also allow recovery by targeting multiple pathological causes by antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiamyloidogenic properties. They also regulate mitochondrial stress, apoptotic factors, free radical scavenging system, and neurotrophic factors. Neurotrophins such as BDNF, NGF, NT3, and NT4/5 play a vital role in neuronal and nonneuronal responses to AD. Neurotrophins depletion accelerates the progression of AD and therefore, replacing such neurotrophins may be a potential treatment for neurodegenerative disease. Here, we review the phytochemicals that mediate the signaling pathways involved in neuroprotection specifically neurotrophin-mediated activation of Trk receptors and members of p75(NTR) superfamily. We focus on representative phenolic derivatives, iridoid glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids, and steroidal saponins as regulators of neurotrophin-mediated neuroprotection. Although these phytochemicals have attracted attention owing to their in vitro neurotrophin potentiating activity, their in vivo and clinical efficacy trials has yet to be established. Therefore, further research is necessary to prove the neuroprotective effects in preclinical models and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramu Venkatesan
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Inchon 405-760, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, No. 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
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Boo KH, Cao DV, Pamplona RS, Lee D, Riu KZ, Lee DS. In vitro plant regeneration of Aster scaber via somatic embryogenesis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:725-31. [PMID: 25640866 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.996202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We established an in vitro plant regeneration system via somatic embryogenesis of Aster scaber, an important source of various biologically active phytochemicals. We examined the callus induction and embryogenic capacities of three explants, including leaves, petioles, and roots, on 25 different media containing different combinations of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzyladenine (BA). The optimum concentrations of NAA and BA for the production of embryogenic calli were 5.0 μM and 0.05 μM, respectively. Media containing higher concentrations of auxin and cytokinin (such as 25 μM NAA and 25 μM BA) were suitable for shoot regeneration, especially for leaf-derived calli, which are the most readily available calli and are highly competent. For root induction from regenerated shoots, supplemental auxin and/or cytokinin did not improve rooting, but instead caused unwanted callus induction or retarded growth of regenerated plants. Therefore, plant growth regulator-free medium was preferable for root induction. Normal plants were successfully obtained from calli under the optimized conditions described above. This is the first report of the complete process of in vitro plant regeneration of A. scaber via somatic embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hwan Boo
- a Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science (SARI) , Jeju National University , Jeju , Republic of Korea
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Kim JW, Youn KS. Polyphenolic Compounds, Physiological Activities, and Digestive Enzyme Inhibitory Effect of Aster scaber Thunb. Extracts According to Different Extraction Processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.11.1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Wanakhachornkrai O, Pongrakhananon V, Chunhacha P, Wanasuntronwong A, Vattanajun A, Tantisira B, Chanvorachote P, Tantisira MH. Neuritogenic effect of standardized extract of Centella asiatica ECa233 on human neuroblastoma cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:204. [PMID: 23915016 PMCID: PMC3750251 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to gain insight into neuroprotective effects of ECa 233, a standardized extract of Centella asiatica, previously demonstrated in animal models of memory impairment induced by transient global ischemia or intracerebroventricular injection of β-amyloid, the effect of ECa 233 on neurite outgrowth of human IMR-32 neuroblastoma cell line was investigated. METHODS Cells were seeded and incubated with various concentrations of ECa 233. Morphometric analysis was carried out by a measurement of the longest neurite growth of cells at 24 and 48 h. Contributing signaling pathways possibly involved were subsequently elucidated by western blot analysis. RESULTS While ECa 233 had only limited effects on cell viability, it significantly enhanced neurite outgrowth of IMR-32 cells at the concentrations of 1-100 μg/ml. Western blot analysis revealed that ECa 233 significantly upregulated the level of activated ERK1/2 and Akt of the treated cells suggesting their involvement in the neuritogenic effect observed, which was subsequently verified by the finding that an addition of their respective inhibitors could reverse the effect of ECa 233 on these cells. CONCLUSIONS The present study clearly demonstrated neurite outgrowth promoting activity of ECa 233. ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathways seemed to account for the neurotrophic effect observed. In conjunction with in vivo neuroprotective effect of ECa 233 previously reported, the results obtained support further development of ECa 233 for clinical use in neuronal injury or neurodegenerative diseases.
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More SV, Koppula S, Kim BW, Choi DK. The role of bioactive compounds on the promotion of neurite outgrowth. Molecules 2012; 17:6728-53. [PMID: 22664464 PMCID: PMC6268652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17066728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurite loss is one of the cardinal features of neuronal injury. Apart from neuroprotection, reorganization of the lost neuronal network in the injured brain is necessary for the restoration of normal physiological functions. Neuritogenic activity of endogenous molecules in the brain such as nerve growth factor is well documented and supported by scientific studies which show innumerable compounds having neurite outgrowth activity from natural sources. Since the damaged brain lacks the reconstructive capacity, more efforts in research are focused on the identification of compounds that promote the reformation of neuronal networks. An abundancy of natural resources along with the corresponding activity profiles have shown promising results in the field of neuroscience. Recently, importance has also been placed on understanding neurite formation by natural products in relation to neuronal injury. Arrays of natural herbal products having plentiful active constituents have been found to enhance neurite outgrowth. They act synergistically with neurotrophic factors to promote neuritogenesis in the diseased brain. Therefore use of natural products for neuroregeneration provides new insights in drug development for treating neuronal injury. In this study, various compounds from natural sources with potential neurite outgrowth activity are reviewed in experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute for Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
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EL Omri A, Han J, Kawada K, Ben Abdrabbah M, Isoda H. Luteolin enhances cholinergic activities in PC12 cells through ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways. Brain Res 2012; 1437:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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16
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Lin LF, Xue XY, Liao MJ, Xiao F, Lv RH, Luo HM. Neurotrophic effects of magnesium fructose 1, 6-diphosphate on cortical neurons. Int J Neurosci 2012; 122:248-54. [PMID: 22176219 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2011.648291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the neurotrophic effects of magnesium fructose 1, 6-diphosphate (FDP-Mg) on cortical neurons. The results demonstrated that FDP-Mg promoted dendrite outgrowth and neuronal survival in a dose-dependent manner. In order to investigate the associated mechanisms, we determined adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression in cortical neurons. Treatment with FDP-Mg significantly increased ATP levels and BDNF mRNA expression in cortical neurons. These data suggest that FDP-Mg can exert neurotrophic effects on cortical neurons. The increases in BDNF mRNA expression and cellular ATP levels are involved in the neurotrophic effects produced by FDP-Mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Feng Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632 China
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17
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Pecchia P, Cammareri M, Malafronte N, Consiglio MF, Gualtieri MJ, Conicella C. Quinic Acids from Aster caucasicus and from Transgenic Callus Expressing a β-Amyrin Synthase§. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100601125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several different classes of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins and quinic acid derivatives, are found in Aster spp. (Fam. Asteraceae). Several Aster compounds revealed biological as well as pharmacological activities. In this work, a phytochemical investigation of A. caucasicus evidenced the presence of quinic acid derivatives, as well as the absence of triterpene saponins. To combine in one species the production of different phytochemicals, including triterpenes, an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of A. caucasicus was set up to introduce A. sedifolius β-amyrin synthase (AsOXA1)-encoding gene under the control of the constitutive promoter CaMV35S. The quali-quantitative analysis of transgenic calli with ectopic expression of AsOXA1 showed, in one sample, a negligible amount of triterpene saponins combined with higher amount of quinic acid derivatives as compared with the wild type callus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pecchia
- CNR-IGV, Research Institute of Plant Genetics, Research Division Portici, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Maria Cammareri
- CNR-IGV, Research Institute of Plant Genetics, Research Division Portici, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Nicola Malafronte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano SA, Italy
| | - M. Federica Consiglio
- CNR-IGV, Research Institute of Plant Genetics, Research Division Portici, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Maria Josefina Gualtieri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano SA, Italy
| | - Clara Conicella
- CNR-IGV, Research Institute of Plant Genetics, Research Division Portici, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
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18
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Joyner PM, Cichewicz RH. Bringing natural products into the fold – exploring the therapeutic lead potential of secondary metabolites for the treatment of protein-misfolding-related neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:26-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c0np00017e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Gundimeda U, McNeill TH, Schiffman JE, Hinton DR, Gopalakrishna R. Green tea polyphenols potentiate the action of nerve growth factor to induce neuritogenesis: possible role of reactive oxygen species. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:3644-55. [PMID: 20936703 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exogenously administered nerve growth factor (NGF) repairs injured axons, but it does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Thus, agents that could potentiate the neuritogenic ability of endogenous NGF would be of great utility in treating neurological injuries. Using the PC12 cell model, we show here that unfractionated green tea polyphenols (GTPP) at low concentrations (0.1 μg/ml) potentiate the ability of low concentrations of NGF (2 ng/ml) to induce neuritogenesis at a level comparable to that induced by optimally high concentrations of NGF (50 ng/ml) alone. In our experiments, GTPP by itself did not induce neuritogenesis or increase immunofluorescent staining for β-tubulin III; however, it increased expression of mRNA and proteins for the neuronal markers neurofilament-L and GAP-43. Among the polyphenols present in GTPP, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) alone appreciably potentiated NGF-induced neurite outgrowth. Although other polyphenols present in GTPP, particularly epigallocatechin and epicatechin, lack this activity, they synergistically promoted this action of EGCG. GTPP also induced an activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs). PD98059, an inhibitor of the ERK pathway, blocked the expression of GAP-43. K252a, an inhibitor of TrkA-associated tyrosine kinase, partially blocked the expression of these genes and ERK activation. Antioxidants, catalase (cell-permeable form), and N-acetylcysteine (both L and D-forms) inhibited these events and abolished the GTPP potentiation of NGF-induced neuritogenesis. Taken together, these results show for the first time that GTPP potentiates NGF-induced neuritogenesis, likely through the involvement of sublethal levels of reactive oxygen species, and suggest that unfractionated GTPP is more effective in this respect than its fractionated polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Gundimeda
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9112, USA
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Hur J, Lee P, Moon E, Kang I, Kim SH, Oh MS, Kim SY. Neurite outgrowth induced by spicatoside A, a steroidal saponin, via the tyrosine kinase A receptor pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 620:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Moon E, Her Y, Lee JB, Park JH, Lee EH, Kim SH, Oh MS, Jang CG, Kim SY. The multi-herbal medicine Gongjin-dan enhances memory and learning tasks via NGF regulation. Neurosci Lett 2009; 466:114-9. [PMID: 19788912 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) decreases degeneration of cholinergic neurons, improves memory loss, and increases long-term potentiation and learning tasks. Therefore, NGF mimetics or NGF inducers may be important targets for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders. Traditionally, Gongjin-dan (GJD) has been used clinically for the treatment of central nervous system disorders. In this study, we examined the effects of GJD on NGF mimetic activity in PC12 cells and the induction of NGF secretion in primary astrocytes. Moreover, we also measured neuron survival by MAP-2 staining in an immobilization stress rat model and induction of long-term potentiation by the MEA system in rat hippocampus slices treated with dexamethasone. The behavioral syndrome by novel object test was also performed in mice. GJD increased neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells and NGF secretion in primary astrocytes. Also, it reduced neuronal cell death and increased long-term potentiation in the rat hippocampus. Moreover, the number of entries, the time spent and the distance moved in the center area of the test region by the mice was increased by oral administration of GJD in comparison with the distance moved over the total area. These data suggest that administration of GJD may improve memory and learning tasks via NGF regulation, and that it may have a potential for multiple function neuroprotection via NGF regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Moon
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, #1 Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
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22
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Metabolites of sesamin, a major lignan in sesame seeds, induce neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells through activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2009; 116:841-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-009-0250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Clifford MN, Zheng W, Kuhnert N. Profiling the chlorogenic acids of aster by HPLC-MS(n). PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2006; 17:384-93. [PMID: 17144245 DOI: 10.1002/pca.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Using HPLC-MS(n), 33 chlorogenic acids were identified in an aqueous-alcoholic extract of Aster ageratoides Turcz. flower buds. These were three isomers each of p-coumaroylquinic acid, caffeoylquinic acid, feruloylquinic acid, dicaffeoylquinic acid and diferuloylquinic acid, and six isomers each of p-coumaroyl-caffeoylquinic acid, p-coumaroyl-feruloylquinic acid and caffeoyl-feruloylquinic acid. Only the caffeoylquinic acids and dicaffeoylquinic acids have been reported previously in Asteraceae. Three of the six p-coumaroyl-feruloylquinic acids (3-feruloyl-4-p-coumaroylquinic acid, '3-feruloyl-5-p-coumaroylquinic acid and 4-feruloyl-5-p-coumaroylquinic acid) have not been observed previously in nature. Cis-5-p-coumaroylquinic acid was identified at a concentration ca 25% that of the more common trans isomer. The feruloylquinic acids and diferuloylquinic acids dominated the mono- and di-acyl chlorogenic acid fractions, respectively, making this plant material a useful source of these commercially non-available substances. These 33 chlorogenic acids were not detected in the leaves or stem of A. ageratoides Turcz., or in the flower buds of A. ageratoides Turcz. var. Gerla or A. kalimeris indica (L) Sch. Bip. Only the feruloylquinic acids were detected in the root of A. ageratoides Turcz. It was not possible to detect any 1-acyl chlorogenic acids, any chlorogenic acids with a succinic acid substituent, or any chlorogenic acids based on muco-quinic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Clifford
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
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24
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Liu J, Zheng X, Yin F, Hu Y, Guo L, Deng X, Chen G, Jiajia J, Zhang H. Neurotrophic property of geniposide for inducing the neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. Int J Dev Neurosci 2006; 24:419-24. [PMID: 17045447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2006.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Revised: 08/12/2006] [Accepted: 08/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging data show that the insulinotrophic hormone glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) and its agonist extendin-4 have neurotrophic function to inducing neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells and prevent neurons damage challenged by oxidative stress. Here, with the model of high throughput screen for GLP-1 receptor agonists, we screen and identify that geniposide is a novel agonist for GLP-1 receptor. Furthermore, geniposide induces the neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells with resulting neurites outgrowth; we also observe an increase in expression of growth-associated protein-43. U0126, a selective MEK inhibitor, prevents neurites out growth and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated kinase proteins in PC12 cells induced by geniposide. All these results show that activation of GLP-1 receptor by geniposide to induce the neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells involves in MAPK signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Liu
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Chemobiology, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China.
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25
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Tohda C, Kuboyama T, Komatsu K. Search for natural products related to regeneration of the neuronal network. Neurosignals 2005; 14:34-45. [PMID: 15956813 DOI: 10.1159/000085384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2004] [Accepted: 11/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The reconstruction of neuronal networks in the damaged brain is necessary for the therapeutic treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. We have screened the neurite outgrowth activity of herbal drugs, and identified several active constituents. In each compound, neurite outgrowth activity was investigated under amyloid-beta-induced neuritic atrophy. Most of the compounds with neurite regenerative activity also demonstrated memory improvement activity in Alzheimer's disease-model mice. Protopanaxadiol-type saponins in Ginseng drugs and their metabolite, M1 (20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(20S)-protopanaxadiol), showed potent regeneration activity for axons and synapses, and amelioration of memory impairment. Withanolide derivatives (withanolide A, withanoside IV, and withanoside VI) isolated from the Indian herbal drug Ashwagandha, also showed neurite extension in normal and damaged cortical neurons. Trigonelline, a constituent of coffee beans, demonstrated the regeneration of dendrites and axons, in addition to memory improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Tohda
- Research Center for Ethnomedicines, Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani, Japan
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Buchanan MS, Carroll AR, Edser A, Parisot J, Addepalli R, Quinn RJ. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors from the rainforest tree Polyscias murrayi. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2005; 66:481-485. [PMID: 15694455 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2004] [Revised: 12/15/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid derivatives, which inhibit Itk (interleukin-2 inducible T-cell kinase), a Th2-cell target, were isolated from the Australian rainforest tree Polyscias murrayi. The new compound 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyl choline and a 2:1 mixture of the new compounds 3,4-di-O-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyl-1,5-dihydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid and 3,5-di-O-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyl-1,4-dihydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid were isolated along with two known compounds 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid and 3-(3,4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid. Their structures were determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The assay results suggest that both the 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate and carboxyl moieties contribute to Itk activity of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm S Buchanan
- Natural Product Discovery, Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld. 4111, Australia
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