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Feng P, Wang H, Liang X, Dong X, Liang Q, Shu F, Zhou Q. Relationships between Bitter Taste Receptor Gene Evolution, Diet, and Gene Repertoire in Primates. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae104. [PMID: 38748818 PMCID: PMC11135642 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Bitter taste perception plays a critical role in deterring animals from consuming harmful and toxic substances. To characterize the evolution of primate Tas2r, test the generality of Tas2r duplication in Cercopithecidae species, and examine whether dietary preferences have shaped the Tas2r repertoire of primate species, we identified Tas2r in the genomes of 35 primate species, including 16 Cercopithecidae, 6 Hominidae, 4 Cebidae, 3 Lemuridae, and 6 other species. The results showed that the total number of primate Tas2r ranged from 27 to 51, concentrating on 2 to 4 scaffolds of each species. Closely related genes were tandemly duplicated in the same scaffold. Phylogenetic construction revealed that Tas2r can be divided into 21 clades, including anthropoid-, Strepsirrhini-, and Cercopithecidae-specific Tas2r duplications. Phylogenetically independent contrast analysis revealed that the number of intact Tas2r significantly correlated with feeding preferences. Altogether, our data support diet as a driver of primate Tas2r evolution, and Cercopithecidae species have developed some specific Tas2r duplication during evolution. These results are probably because most Cercopithecidae species feed on plants containing many toxins, and it is necessary to develop specialized Tas2r to protect them from poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinyue Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiufang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Fanglan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Qihai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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Adebayo MA, Kolawole AN, Falese BA, Kolawole AO. Spectroscopic and in silico evaluation of hesperetin, aglycone flavanone, as a prospective regulatory ligand for human salivary α-amylase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3177-3192. [PMID: 37382217 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2225621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The insight into the binding mechanism of hesperetin, an aglycone flavanone, with human salivary α-amylase (HSAA), simulated under physiological salivary condition, was explored using various spectroscopic approaches and in silico method. Hesperetin effectively quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of HSAA and the quenching was mixed quenching mechanism. The interaction perturbed the HSAA intrinsic fluorophore microenvironment and the enzyme global surface hydrophobicity. The negative values of ΔG for thermodynamic parameters and in silico study revealed the spontaneity of HSAA-hesperetin complex while the positive values of enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) showed noticeable involvement of hydrophobic bonding in the stabilization of the complex. Hesperetin was a mixed inhibitor for HSAA with a KI of 44.60 ± 1.63 μM and having apparent inhibition coefficient (α) of 0.26. Macromolecular crowding, given rise to microviscosity and anomalous diffusion, regulated the interaction. Sodium ion (Na+) created high ionic strength, also, modulated the interaction. The in silico study proposed the preferential binding of hesperetin at the active cleft domain of HSAA with the least energy of -8.0 kcal/mol. This work gives a novel insight on the potentials of hesperetin as a future prospective medicinal candidate in the management of postprandial hyperglycemic condition.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaudat A Adebayo
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Biochemistry Option), School of Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Adejoke N Kolawole
- Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde A Falese
- Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ayodele O Kolawole
- Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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3
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Tanazi NNH, Aziz AN, Azmi MN, Abu Bakar MH, Hassim MFN, Wahab NHA, Rasol NE, Ab Ghani N, Maulidiani M, Awang K. Phytoconstituents of Endiandra kingiana; antidiabetic effects and molecular docking studies on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-8. [PMID: 38009213 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2283759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation on the bark of E. kingiana plant afforded ten compounds, including six polyketides namely kingianin A 1, kingianin B 2, kingianin E 3, kingianin F 4, kingianin K 5 and kingianin L 6, three endiandric acids; kingianic acid A 7, tsangibeilin B 8 and endiandric acid M 9, and one sesquiterpene; daibuoxide 10. All compounds were separated as racemic mixture by recycling high-performance liquid chromatography (RHPLC), except for daibuoxide. Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic and comparative literature data analysis. This is the first report on the presence of the sesquiterpene; daibuoxide in Endiandra genus. In vitro enzymatic bio-evaluation of the isolated compounds against α-amylase and α-glucosidase showed that 4 demonstrated the best α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 181.54 ± 6.27 µg/mL and 237.87 ± 0.07 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, molecular docking analysis confirmed the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities demonstrated by 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Najihah Husna Tanazi
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Nazif Aziz
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Nurul Azmi
- Natural Products and Synthesis Organic Laboratory (NPSOLab), School of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Fairus Noor Hassim
- Biological Security and Sustainability (BIOSES) Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Huda Abdul Wahab
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nurulfazlina Edayah Rasol
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, UiTM Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurunajah Ab Ghani
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, UiTM Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Maulidiani
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kalinovskii AP, Sintsova OV, Gladkikh IN, Leychenko EV. Natural Inhibitors of Mammalian α-Amylases as Promising Drugs for the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16514. [PMID: 38003703 PMCID: PMC10671682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Amylase is a generally acknowledged molecular target of a distinct class of antidiabetic drugs named α-glucosidase inhibitors. This class of medications is scarce and rather underutilized, and treatment with current commercial drugs is accompanied by unpleasant adverse effects. However, mammalian α-amylase inhibitors are abundant in nature and form an extensive pool of high-affinity ligands that are available for drug discovery. Individual compounds and natural extracts and preparations are promising therapeutic agents for conditions associated with impaired starch metabolism, e.g., diabetes mellitus, obesity, and other metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the structural diversity and action mechanisms of active natural products with inhibitory activity toward mammalian α-amylases, and emphasizes proteinaceous inhibitors as more effective compounds with significant potential for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr P. Kalinovskii
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Oksana V. Sintsova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (O.V.S.); (I.N.G.)
| | - Irina N. Gladkikh
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (O.V.S.); (I.N.G.)
| | - Elena V. Leychenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (O.V.S.); (I.N.G.)
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5
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He Y, Vasilev K, Zilm P. pH-Responsive Biomaterials for the Treatment of Dental Caries-A Focussed and Critical Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1837. [PMID: 37514024 PMCID: PMC10385394 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a common and costly multifactorial biofilm disease caused by cariogenic bacteria that ferment carbohydrates to lactic acid, demineralizing the inorganic component of teeth. Therefore, low pH (pH 4.5) is a characteristic signal of the localised carious environment, compared to a healthy oral pH range (6.8 to 7.4). The development of pH-responsive delivery systems that release antibacterial agents in response to low pH has gained attention as a targeted therapy for dental caries. Release is triggered by high levels of acidogenic species and their reduction may select for the establishment of health-associated biofilm communities. Moreover, drug efficacy can be amplified by the modification of the delivery system to target adhesion to the plaque biofilm to extend the retention time of antimicrobial agents in the oral cavity. In this review, recent developments of different pH-responsive nanocarriers and their biofilm targeting mechanisms are discussed. This review critically discusses the current state of the art and innovations in the development and use of smart delivery materials for dental caries treatment. The authors' views for the future of the field are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping He
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Peter Zilm
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Flemming J, Meyer-Probst CT, Hille K, Basche S, Speer K, Kölling-Speer I, Hannig C, Hannig M. Olive Oil as a Transport Medium for Bioactive Molecules of Plants?-An In Situ Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093803. [PMID: 37175213 PMCID: PMC10180205 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Caries and erosions still remain a challenge for preventive dentistry. Certain plant extracts have shown beneficial effects in preventive dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial, anti-adherent and erosion-protective properties of ellagic acid (EA) as a polyphenolic agent. The combination with olive oil was investigated additionally to verify a possible improved bioactive effect of EA. (2) An in situ study was carried out with six subjects. Individual splints were prepared with bovine enamel specimens. The splints were worn for 1 min (pellicle formation time). Thereafter, 10 min rinses were performed with EA in water/in oil. Bacterial adherence was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy (DAPI, ConA, BacLight) after an 8 h oral exposition time. Additionally, the splints were worn for 30 min to quantify demineralization processes. The ultrastructure of the pellicle was investigated after an oral exposure time of 2 h under a transmission electron microscope. Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis tests, Mann-Whitney U tests and Bonferroni-Holm correction. (3) Rinsing with EA led to a significant reduction of adherent vital and dead bacteria. The combination with olive oil did not improve these outcomes. The assessment of glucan structures after rinsing with EA in water showed significant effects. Significant differences were observed for both rinses in calcium release at pH 3.0. After rinsing with EA in oil, significantly less calcium was released compared to rinsing with EA in water (pH = 3.0). (4) Olive oil is not suitable as a transport medium for lipophilic polyphenols. EA has anti-adherent and antibacterial properties in situ. EA also shows erosion-protective effects, which can be enhanced in combination with olive oil depending on the pH value. Ellagic acid has a neutral pH and could be an opportunity in the treatment of specific patient groups (xerostomia or mucositis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Flemming
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Clara Theres Meyer-Probst
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Hille
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Basche
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Isabelle Kölling-Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital Saarland University, Building 73, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
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Kováč J, Slobodníková L, Trajčíková E, Rendeková K, Mučaji P, Sychrová A, Bittner Fialová S. Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids and Tannins in Management of Oral Infectious Diseases-A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010158. [PMID: 36615352 PMCID: PMC9821998 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are rich sources of valuable molecules with various profitable biological effects, including antimicrobial activity. The advantages of herbal products are their effectiveness, relative safety based on research or extended traditional use, and accessibility without prescription. Extensive and irrational usage of antibiotics since their discovery in 1928 has led to the increasing expiration of their effectiveness due to antibacterial resistance. Now, medical research is facing a big and challenging mission to find effective and safe antimicrobial therapies to replace inactive drugs. Over the years, one of the research fields that remained the most available is the area of natural products: medicinal plants and their metabolites, which could serve as active substances to fight against microbes or be considered as models in drug design. This review presents selected flavonoids (such as apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, kurarinone, and morin) and tannins (including oligomeric proanthocyanidins, gallotannins, ellagitannins, catechins, and epigallocatechin gallate), but also medicinal plants rich in these compounds as potential therapeutic agents in oral infectious diseases based on traditional usages such as Agrimonia eupatoria L., Hamamelis virginiana L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., Quercus robur L., Rosa gallica L., Rubus idaeus L., or Potentilla erecta (L.). Some of the presented compounds and extracts are already successfully used to maintain oral health, as the main or additive ingredient of toothpastes or mouthwashes. Others are promising for further research or future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Kováč
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Heydukova 10, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, St. Elizabeth’s Hospital, Heydukova 10, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lívia Slobodníková
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and the University Hospital in Bratislava, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Trajčíková
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Rendeková
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavel Mučaji
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alice Sychrová
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1946/1, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Bittner Fialová
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-250-117-206
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NAUREEN ZAKIRA, MEDORI MARIACHIARA, DHULI KRISTJANA, DONATO KEVIN, CONNELLY STEPHENTHADDEUS, BELLINATO FRANCESCO, GISONDI PAOLO, BERTELLI MATTEO. Polyphenols and Lactobacillus reuteri in oral health. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E246-E254. [PMID: 36479495 PMCID: PMC9710395 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Oral health is one of the necessary preludes to the overall quality of life. Several medical procedures and therapies are available to treat oral diseases in general and periodontal diseases in particular, yet caries, periodontitis, oral cancer, and oral infections remain a global concern. Natural molecules, with their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbic properties, are one of the main sources of oral health and dental health care, and should be supplemented to exploit their beneficial effects. A possible way to improve the intake of these molecules is adhering to a diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, and probiotics, which has many beneficial properties and can improve overall health and wellbeing. The Mediterranean diet, in particular, provides several beneficial natural molecules, mainly because of the precious nutrients contained in its typical ingredients, mainly plant-based (olives, wine, citrus fruits, and many more). Its beneficial effects on several diseases and in increasing the overall wellbeing of the population are currently being studied by physicians. Among its nutrients, polyphenols (including, among other molecules, lignans, tannins, and flavonoids) seem to be of outmost importance: several studies showed their anticariogenic properties, as well as their effects in decreasing the incidence of non-communicable diseases. Therefore, plant-derived molecules - such as polyphenols - and probiotics - such as Lactobacillus reuteri - have shown a significant potential in treating and curing oral diseases, either alone or in combination, owing to their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - KRISTJANA DHULI
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- Correspondence: Kristjana Dhuli, MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), 38068, Italy; E-mail:
| | | | | | - FRANCESCO BELLINATO
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - PAOLO GISONDI
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
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Morzel M, Canon F, Guyot S. Interactions between Salivary Proteins and Dietary Polyphenols: Potential Consequences on Gastrointestinal Digestive Events. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6317-6327. [PMID: 35583948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present review documents the current knowledge and hypotheses on how polyphenols-saliva interactions may modulate the bioaccessibility or bioavailability of nutrients and highlights research prospects in the field. After an updated description of the different classes of dietary polyphenols and their modifications by food processing or digestion, an overview of interactions between salivary proteins and polyphenols (with an emphasis on tannins) is provided. In vitro studies show that the solubility of salivary protein-tannin complexes in gastric conditions depends on the degree of tannin polymerization, while complexes are partly solubilized by bile salts. Salivary proteins-polyphenols interactions may affect digestive processes. For example, polyphenols can bind to and inhibit salivary amylase, with downstream consequences on starch digestion. Some salivary proteins (PRPs) prevent tannin-induced reduced protein digestibility, probably through binding tannins before they interact with digestive proteases. Salivary proteins may also act as scavenger molecules to limit the intestinal uptake of tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francis Canon
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR 1324 INRAE, UMR 6265 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
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10
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Ashwin K, Pattanaik AK, Howarth GS. Polyphenolic bioactives as an emerging group of nutraceuticals for promotion of gut health: A review. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kawakami H, Fuchino H, Kawahara N. Endotoxin Contamination and Reaction Interfering Substances in the Plant Extract Library. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 43:1767-1775. [PMID: 33132322 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endotoxin is an unintentional contaminant that has numerous activities and can affect various biological experiments using cells. In this study, we measured the endotoxin activity of samples from a plant extract library (PEL) and determined their degrees of contamination. Endotoxin was detected in approx. 48% (n = 139) and approx. 4% (n = 5) of field-collected and crude drug samples, respectively, and in concentrations >5.0 EU/mL in some samples. The concentrations of endotoxin that affect cells in vitro vary depending on the target cell type. Although the degree of contamination varied in the present study, it was considered to have little effect on the cell experiments. More than 150 PEL samples had problems with reaction courses or recovery rates of Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) tests. In the LAL tests, using three plant extracts [Sanguisorba officinalis L. (Rosaceae), Oenothera biennis L. (Onagraceae), and Lythrum salicaria L. (Lythraceae)], the polyphenolic compounds in the plant extracts affected LAL test and their effects differed depending on the plant species. When the 16 single polyphenol compounds were added to the LAL tests, the compounds with caffeoyl and pyrogallol moieties were found to affect the LAL reaction course and recovery rate. Furthermore, none of the compounds had any effects at concentrations of 1 µM. Because the plant extracts contained analogs of various polyphenolic compounds, they were presumed to actually act synergistically. Our findings demonstrated that attention must be paid to the recovery rate and reaction process of LAL tests with samples containing polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Kawakami
- Tsukuba Division, Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN).,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Hiroyuki Fuchino
- Tsukuba Division, Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN).,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Nobuo Kawahara
- Tsukuba Division, Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN).,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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12
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Nutritional influences on enzyme activities in saliva of Asian and African elephants. J Comp Physiol B 2021; 191:955-970. [PMID: 34235559 PMCID: PMC8380575 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-021-01378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Asian and African elephants show morphological adaptations to their ecological niche including the oral cavity. Variety and preferences of forage plants differ between both herbivorous elephant species. Diet can affect salivary enzymes. Asian elephants were shown to have a higher salivary amylase activity than African elephants. Species-specific differences were presumed to be influenced by feeding during collection procedure. This study aimed to determine the influence of feeding on enzyme activities in saliva of both elephant species to differentiate from species-specific effects. Additionally, season and housing conditions on salivary enzyme activities in non-fed elephants of both species were investigated. Salivary amylase (sAA), lysozyme (sLYS) and peroxidase (sPOD) activity were measured photometrically or fluorometrically. Results of this study reinforce previous observations of higher basic sAA activity in Asian elephants compared to African elephants. Salivary LYS and sPOD activity showed neither species-specific nor housing-specific differences. Independent from season, most elephants of both species revealed a lack of or low sPOD activity. Feeding caused a temporary decrease of sAA, sLYS and sPOD activity in both elephant species kept in four of eight tested zoos. Furthermore, sAA activity in Asian elephants was higher and sLYS activity lower in Spring than in Autumn. This study summarizes that sAA and sLYS are components of Asian and African elephant saliva in an active conformation in contrast to sPOD. Diet varying between season and zoos might influence sAA and sLYS activities primarily in Asian elephants but temporary low effects suggest sufficient buffer capacity of elephant saliva of both species.
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Flemming J, Meyer-Probst CT, Speer K, Kölling-Speer I, Hannig C, Hannig M. Preventive Applications of Polyphenols in Dentistry-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4892. [PMID: 34063086 PMCID: PMC8124254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are natural substances that have been shown to provide various health benefits. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects have been described. At the same time, they inhibit the actions of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Thus, studies have also examined their effects within the oral cavity. This review provides an overview on the different polyphenols, and their structure and interactions with the tooth surface and the pellicle. In particular, the effects of various tea polyphenols on bioadhesion and erosion have been reviewed. The current research confirms that polyphenols can reduce the growth of cariogenic bacteria. Furthermore, they can decrease the adherence of bacteria to the tooth surface and improve the erosion-protective properties of the acquired enamel pellicle. Tea polyphenols, especially, have the potential to contribute to an oral health-related diet. However, in vitro studies have mainly been conducted. In situ studies and clinical studies need to be extended and supplemented in order to significantly contribute to additive prevention measures in caries prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Flemming
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.F.); (C.H.)
| | - Clara Theres Meyer-Probst
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.F.); (C.H.)
| | - Karl Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (K.S.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Isabelle Kölling-Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (K.S.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.F.); (C.H.)
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, D-66421 Homburg, Germany;
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Ahmed MU, Ibrahim A, Dahiru NJ, Mohammed HS. Alpha Amylase Inhibitory Potential and Mode of Inhibition of Oils from Allium sativum (Garlic) and Allium cepa (Onion). CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND DIABETES 2020; 13:1179551420963106. [PMID: 33088187 PMCID: PMC7545766 DOI: 10.1177/1179551420963106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Alpha amylase inhibitors are used in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. Allium sativum and Allium cepa, widely consumed as spices have several medicinal uses which include their traditional use in the management of diabetes. This study was conducted to investigate the alpha amylase inhibitory potential and mode of inhibition of A. sativum and A. cepa oils. Method Oil was extracted from dried bulb of A. sativum and A. cepa by Soxhlet extraction. The α-amylase inhibitory potential of the 2 oils were evaluated. The mode of inhibition of the oils were determined from the lineweaver-burk plot and the kinetic parameters obtained from the lineweaver - burk plot. Result A. sativum oil had 58.13 ± 1.09 and 69.8 ± 1.11 percent inhibition at 5.0 and 7.0% concentrations respectively while A. cepa oil had 55.45 ± 1.35, 59.73 ± 1.11 and 65.21 ± 1.11 percent inhibition at 5.0, 7.5 and 10% concentrations respectively. The IC50 values for A. sativum oil, A. cepa oil and acarbose were 3.0 ± 0.02%, 4.4 ± 0.03% and 14.1 ± 0.09% respectively. The lineweaver - burk plot showed that the Vmax of the 2 oils did not change when compared with that of the no inhibitor (no oil) but the Km increased. Conclusion These findings indicate that A. sativum and A. cepa oils are competitive inhibitors of α- amylase and can both be used in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. A. sativum oil is a better inhibitor than A. cepa oil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adamu Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Adamawa State University, Mubi, Nigeria
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D'Costa AS, Bordenave N. Inhibition of starch digestion by flavonoids: Role of flavonoid-amylase binding kinetics. Food Chem 2020; 341:128256. [PMID: 33035827 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, kinetics of binding between α-amylase and green tea flavonoids were investigated by fluorescence quenching (FQ). Their effect on α-amylase inhibition was evaluated. Whereas epicatechin (EC) and epigallocatechin (EGC) exhibited slow binding kinetics (in the order of minutes), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (ECGC) exhibited very rapid binding (in the order of seconds) with Human Salivary α-amylase (HSA) and Porcine Pancreatic α-amylase (PPA). EGCG reached maximum inhibition of HSA and PPA with short incubation time whereas maximum inhibition of HSA and PPA by EC was reached only after 45 to 60 min of incubation. Similar results with ECG and EGC, but not in line with FQ kinetics, highlighted possible interferences of starch-flavonoid interaction in the binding and inhibition process. These results suggest that incubation times of enzymes and flavonoids shall be evaluated prior to enzyme inhibition testing in order to ensure consistent and reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S D'Costa
- School of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - N Bordenave
- School of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada; School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada.
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Szabó K, Hámori C, Gyémánt G. Gallotannins are non-specific inhibitors of α-amylase: Aggregates are the active species taking part in inhibition. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 97:349-357. [PMID: 32889761 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The versatile biological activity of gallotannins has been investigated for a long time, including their use as α-amylase inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. The effectiveness of gallotannins on a wide range of enzymes refers to promiscuity. We proved that gallotannins are non-specific promiscuous α-amylase inhibitors, which exert their effect through their aggregates. A gallotannin of Aleppo oak origin fulfilled all the criteria for aggregators; significant changes could be observed in the IC50 values in the presence of Triton™ X-100 detergent (from 2.3 to 110 μg/ml) and after enzyme-inhibitor preincubation (from 2.3 to 0.65 μg/ml). Increasing the enzyme concentration also led to the moderation of the inhibition by gallotannin. In addition, we observed that gallotannin molecules are those, which are involved in aggregation, and discrete protein molecules are adsorbed to the aggregates. This was revealed by the increasing particle size of gallotannin, which became three orders of magnitude higher after 150 min, whereas the size of α-amylase remained unchanged. Consequently, gallotannins should be used as anti-diabetic drugs only if the necessity of higher dose due to their promiscuity is taken into account. Aggregation propensity should not be ignored in case of in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kármen Szabó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hámori
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Gyémánt
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Kirsch J, Jung A, Hille K, König B, Hannig C, Kölling-Speer I, Speer K, Hannig M. Effect of fragaria vesca, hamamelis and tormentil on the initial bacterial colonization in situ. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 118:104853. [PMID: 32801033 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The presentin situ study aims to examine the influence of the polyphenolic tea drugs fragaria vesca, hamamelis and tormentil on the initial oral bioadhesion. DESIGN Initial biofilm formation was performed on bovine enamel slabs which were carried intraorally by 12 subjects. After 1 min of intraoral pellicle formation, the subjects rinsed with fragaria vesca, tormentil (0.8 mg/8 mL) and hamamelis (0.2 mg/8 mL) for 10 min. Tap water served as negative control, 0.2 % CHX as positive control. The investigations took place on different days (wash-out: 2 days). Afterwards, fluorescence microscopy has been performed per test solution (n = 5) and per subject (n = 12) to visualize bacterial adhesion and glucan formation (8 h oral exposition) with DAPI, ConA and BacLight. Additionally, TEM was used to visualize the pellicle ultrastructure and expectorate samples. Statistical evaluation was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis- (p < 0.5), Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.5) and Bonferroni-Holm-correction (p < 0.1). RESULTS Rinsing with the polyphenolic tea extracts reduced significantly initial bacterial colonization (DAPI) compared to the negative control. There was no significant difference betweenfragaria vesca, hamamelis and tormentil. All solutions showed a reducing effect on the glucan formation. No significant difference was observed between fragaria vesca and CHX. Considerable alterations of the pellicle's ultrastructure manifested by an increase in thickness and electron density resulted from rinsing with the three polyphenolic aqueous extracts. CONCLUSIONS Fragaria vesca, hamamelis and tormentil significantly reduce initial bioadhesion and glucan formation in situ and are therefore recommended as adjuvant antibacterial oral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Kirsch
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Amira Jung
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Hille
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Belinda König
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, D- 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Isabelle Kölling-Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, D- 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
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Zhu W, Khalifa I, Wang R, Li C. Persimmon highly galloylated-tannins in vitro mitigated α-amylase and α-glucosidase via statically binding with their catalytic-closed sides and altering their secondary structure elements. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13234. [PMID: 32301514 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reticence of α-amylase (α-Amy) and α-glucosidase (α-Glu) is needed due to their mitigation potency on the glucose absorption. In this study, the anti-amylolytic effects of persimmon tannins (PT) on α-Amy and α-Glu and their interaction mechanisms were investigated. It was found that PT inhibited α-Amy and α-Glu with the half inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) values of 0.35 and 0.24 mg/ml, respectively. Fluorescence and FT-IR spectrometry results showed that PT could bind to enzymes and alter their conformations. Molecular docking showed that the structural units of PT interacted with the key sites (amino acids Glu233, Asp197, and Asp300) of α-Amy by H-bonds and π-π interactions, while they bound to the residues closed to the active sites of α-Glu. The whole results implied that PT was a promising mitigator of α-Amy and α-Glu. It might help to understand mechanisms of glycemic response inhibition of PT and develop certain therapeutic strategies against diabetes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: α-Amy and α-Glu are the crucial starch digestive enzymes associated with type II diabetes mellitus in humans. Persimmon is an excellent source of bio-functional tannins which potentially mitigate the type II diabetes. This study showed that PT beneficially decreased the action of the carbohydrate digestion-related enzymes, namely α-Amy and α-Glu via interaction simultaneously, which could be used to formulate a functional food and natural medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ibrahim Khalifa
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
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Perez-Jiménez M, Esteban-Fernández A, Muñoz-González C, Pozo-Bayón MA. Interactions among Odorants, Phenolic Compounds, and Oral Components and Their Effects on Wine Aroma Volatility. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071701. [PMID: 32276337 PMCID: PMC7180449 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the impact of oral physiology on the volatility of typical wine aroma compounds, mixtures of a synthetic wine with oral components (centrifuged human saliva (HS), artificial saliva with mucin (AS), and buccal epithelial cells (BC)) were prepared. Each wine type was independently spiked with four relevant wine odorants (guaiacol, β-phenyl ethanol, ethyl hexanoate, and β-ionone). Additionally, the impact of four types of phenolic compounds (gallic acid, catechin, grape seed extract, and a red wine extract) on aroma volatility in the HS, AS, and BC wines was also assessed. Static headspace was measured at equilibrium by solid phase microextraction–GC/MS analysis. Results showed a significant impact of oral components on the volatility of the four tested odorants. Independently of the type of aroma compound, aroma volatility was in general, higher in wines with BC. Moreover, while guaiacol and ethyl hexanoate volatility was significantly lower in wines with HS compared to wines with AS, β-ionone showed the opposite behavior, which might be related to metabolism and retention of mucin, respectively. Phenolic compounds also showed a different effect on aroma volatility depending on the type of compound and wine. Gallic acid had little effect on polar compounds but it enhanced the volatility of the most hydrophobic ones (ethyl hexanoate and β-ionone). In general, flavonoid type polyphenols significantly reduced the volatility of both polar (guaiacol and β-phenyl ethanol) and hydrophobic compounds (β-ionone in HS and BC wines), but through different mechanisms (e.g., π–π interactions and hydrophobic binding for polar and apolar odorants respectively). On the contrary, flavonoids enhanced the volatility of ethyl hexanoate, which might be due to the inhibition exerted on some salivary enzymes (e.g., carboxyl esterase) involved in the metabolism of this odorant molecule.
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Chokki M, Cudălbeanu M, Zongo C, Dah-Nouvlessounon D, Ghinea IO, Furdui B, Raclea R, Savadogo A, Baba-Moussa L, Avamescu SM, Dinica RM, Baba-Moussa F. Exploring Antioxidant and Enzymes (A-Amylase and B-Glucosidase) Inhibitory Activity of Morinda lucida and Momordica charantia Leaves from Benin. Foods 2020; 9:foods9040434. [PMID: 32260400 PMCID: PMC7230926 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Momordica charantia Linn. (Cucurbitaceae), the wild variety of bitter melon and Morinda lucida Benth (Rubiaceae) were commonly used as a popular folk medicine in Benin. This research focused to measure the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects of M. charantia and M. lucida leaves and their antidiabetic activity. METHODS Antioxidant activities were evaluated by micro-dilution technique using DPPH free radical scavenging activity and β-carotene-linoleate bleaching assay. The α-amylase inhibition assay was carried out utilizing the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid procedure, while β-glucosidase inhibition assay was demonstrated using as substrate p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG). HPLC-DAD analysis was realized using a high-performance liquid chromatography systems with diode-array detector, L-3000. RESULTS Chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, daidzein, rutin, naringin, quercetin, naringenin and genistein were identified as polyphenol compounds in the both plants extract. Dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts showed a good α-amylase inhibitory activity (56.46 ± 1.96% and 58.76 ± 2.74% respectively). M. lucida methanolic extract has shown IC50 of 0.51 ± 0.01 mg/mL, which is the lowest for DPPH scavenging activity. M. lucida dichloromethane extract showed the highest inhibitory capacity of β-glucosidase activity (82.11. ± 2.15%). CONCLUSION These results justify some traditional medicinal uses of both plants. The purified fractions could be used in future formulations, possibly incorporated in functional foods to combat certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaelle Chokki
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Technologie Alimentaire, FAST, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, ISBA-Champ de foire, Cotonou 01BP: 526, Benin
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et immunologie Appliquées (LABIA), Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina-Faso; (C.Z.); (A.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.C.); (D.D.-N.); (I.O.G.)
| | - Mihaela Cudălbeanu
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.C.); (D.D.-N.); (I.O.G.)
| | - Cheikna Zongo
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et immunologie Appliquées (LABIA), Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina-Faso; (C.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Durand Dah-Nouvlessounon
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.C.); (D.D.-N.); (I.O.G.)
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cotonou 05BP1604, Benin;
| | - Ioana Otilia Ghinea
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.C.); (D.D.-N.); (I.O.G.)
| | - Bianca Furdui
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.C.); (D.D.-N.); (I.O.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.D.); (B.F.); (F.B.-M.); Tel.: +033-6130-251 (R.M.D.); +033-6130-251 (B.F.); +229-9692-68-28 (F.B.-M.)
| | - Robert Raclea
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Aly Savadogo
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et immunologie Appliquées (LABIA), Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina-Faso; (C.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Lamine Baba-Moussa
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cotonou 05BP1604, Benin;
| | - Sorin Marius Avamescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Soseaua Panduri, Bucharest, Romania;
- University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine, 59 Marasti Blvd, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rodica Mihaela Dinica
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.C.); (D.D.-N.); (I.O.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.D.); (B.F.); (F.B.-M.); Tel.: +033-6130-251 (R.M.D.); +033-6130-251 (B.F.); +229-9692-68-28 (F.B.-M.)
| | - Farid Baba-Moussa
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Technologie Alimentaire, FAST, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, ISBA-Champ de foire, Cotonou 01BP: 526, Benin
- Correspondence: (R.M.D.); (B.F.); (F.B.-M.); Tel.: +033-6130-251 (R.M.D.); +033-6130-251 (B.F.); +229-9692-68-28 (F.B.-M.)
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Li P, Huang Z, She Y, Qin S, Gao W, Cao Y, Liu X. An assessment of the interaction for three Chrysanthemum indicum flavonoids and α-amylase by surface plasmon resonance. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:620-628. [PMID: 31993185 PMCID: PMC6977516 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the interaction of Chrysanthemum indicum (CI) flavonoids (luteolin, acacetin, and buddleoside) with α-amylase. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay showed their equilibrium dissociation constants (KD ) are 1.9695 ± 0.12, 2.9240 ± 0.20, and 3.2966 ± 0.08 mM at pH 6.0, respectively. Furthermore, their binding affinities were influenced by KCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2. Enzymatic kinetic studies revealed that three flavonoids exhibited noncompetitive α-amylase inhibitory activity. The inhibitory sequence is luteolin > acacetin > buddleoside, which was in accordance with the results of binding affinity from SPR. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical assay demonstrated that antioxidant activities of three flavonoids were inhibited significantly with α-amylase. Meanwhile, the study reveals that hydroxyl on C'-4, C'-5, and C-7 of flavonoids play an important role on the interaction of three flavonoids with α-amylase. Also, SPR could be used as sensor for rapid screening inhibitors of α-amylase and provide useful information for the application of C. indicum flavonoids in food and pharmaceutical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao Li
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and BiotechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhao Huang
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and BiotechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yin She
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and BiotechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Si Qin
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and BiotechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Co‐Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional IngredientsChangshaChina
| | - Wanru Gao
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and BiotechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yanan Cao
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and BiotechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and BiotechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Co‐Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional IngredientsChangshaChina
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22
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María PJ, Carolina MG, María Ángeles PB. Understanding human salivary esterase activity and its variation under wine consumption conditions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:24352-24361. [PMID: 35516217 PMCID: PMC9055122 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04624h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary esterase enzymes have been related to the in vitro hydrolysis of carboxylic esters associated with fruity and pleasant aroma nuances in many types of wine. However, very little is known about human total salivary esterase activity (TSEA) under physiological conditions. The purpose of this study is to gain understanding of TSEA and its relevance under wine consumption conditions. To do this, a methodology for TSEA measurement was optimised and applied to examine inter-individual differences (n = 10). Furthermore, TSEA was correlated with other salivary parameters (flow, pH, total protein content). The effect of the oral exposure to different types of wine-like solutions with different composition (ethanol, phenolic and aroma compounds) on TSEA was also assessed. Results showed large inter-individual differences, up to 86%, on TSEA values. Additionally, TSEA was positively correlated with the total salivary protein content (TPC) and negatively correlated with salivary pH and flow. After the oral exposure to wine-like solutions, the combined presence of ethanol, carboxylic esters and phenolic compounds produced the highest TSEA value. Results from this work prove that human salivary esterase is active during wine consumption, and adds support to the involvement of this enzymatic activity on wine aroma perception during wine intake, which will require future studies. Human salivary esterase is active during wine consumption supporting its potential involvement on the perception of odorant esters during wine intake.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pérez-Jiménez María
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL)
- CSIC-UAM
- Madrid
- Spain
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Antioxidant Properties and Digestive Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of the Aqueous Extract from Leafy Stems of Cissus polyantha. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7384532. [PMID: 31827558 PMCID: PMC6885247 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7384532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cissus polyantha (Vitaceae) is a plant used in Cameroonian traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. The aims of this study were to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the aqueous extract of Cissus polyantha leafy stems. The enzyme inhibitory activity was determined in vitro on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, followed by confirmative study in vivo on normal rats (oral starch and sucrose tolerance tests at doses of 111, 222, and 444 mg/kg). The ferric reducing antioxidant power and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antiradical activity of the extract were examined to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the extract. The total content of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins of the extract were also determined. The results showed an inhibitory effect of the extract on the α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities with IC50 values of 216.14 and 182.40 μg/mL, respectively. The extract at doses of 222 and 444 mg/kg induced a significant decrease in postprandial glycaemia during the starch and sucrose tolerance tests. A remarkable antiradical activity of the extract was obtained although lower than that of the standard product. The aqueous extract of leafy stems of Cissus polyantha has an interesting inhibitory activity on the α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, as well as an antioxidant potential, thus validating its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
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Ajebli M, Eddouks M. The Promising Role of Plant Tannins as Bioactive Antidiabetic Agents. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4852-4884. [PMID: 29874989 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180605124256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant tannins are polyphenolic substances with various molecular weights and a variable complexity. Due to the beneficial effects for controlling chronic disorders particularly diabetes mellitus, this class of secondary metabolites has gained more interest in the recent years. OBJECTIVE We aimed through this review to collect, analyze and discuss all available information related to the antidiabetic effect of isolated tannins (including both condensed and hydrolysable varieties) and tannin-rich plants as well as the possible mechanisms of action involved in this antidiabetic activity. METHODS AND RESULTS Our bibliographic research was conducted to gather more than 41 medicinal plants containing tannins and 19 isolated tannins and tannin-rich crud extracts which were revealed to possess glucose lowering effect according to pharmacological studies. CONCLUSION Hence, according to findings of the present review, tannins could be useful for prevention and management of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications and these natural products could be promising compounds for the discovery of new hypoglycemic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ajebli
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco
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Sun L, Warren FJ, Gidley MJ. Natural products for glycaemic control: Polyphenols as inhibitors of alpha-amylase. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Benchoula K, Khatib A, Quzwain FMC, Che Mohamad CA, Wan Sulaiman WMA, Abdul Wahab R, Ahmed QU, Abdul Ghaffar M, Saiman MZ, Alajmi MF, El-Seedi H. Optimization of Hyperglycemic Induction in Zebrafish and Evaluation of Its Blood Glucose Level and Metabolite Fingerprint Treated with Psychotria malayana Jack Leaf Extract. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081506. [PMID: 30999617 PMCID: PMC6515116 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A standard protocol to develop type 1 diabetes in zebrafish is still uncertain due to unpredictable factors. In this study, an optimized protocol was developed and used to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of Psychotria malayana leaf. The aims of this study were to develop a type 1 diabetic adult zebrafish model and to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of the plant extract on the developed model. The ability of streptozotocin and alloxan at a different dose to elevate the blood glucose levels in zebrafish was evaluated. While the anti-diabetic activity of P. malayana aqueous extract was evaluated through analysis of blood glucose and LC-MS analysis fingerprinting. The results indicated that a single intraperitoneal injection of 300 mg/kg alloxan was the optimal dose to elevate the fasting blood glucose in zebrafish. Furthermore, the plant extract at 1, 2, and 3 g/kg significantly reduced blood glucose levels in the diabetic zebrafish. In addition, LC-MS-based fingerprinting indicated that 3 g/kg plant extract more effective than other doses. Phytosterols, sugar alcohols, sugar acid, free fatty acids, cyclitols, phenolics, and alkaloid were detected in the extract using GC-MS. In conclusion, P. malayana leaf aqueous extract showed anti-diabetic activity on the developed type 1 diabetic zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Benchoula
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | | | - Che Anuar Che Mohamad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Mohd Azizi Wan Sulaiman
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Ridhwan Abdul Wahab
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Qamar Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Majid Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Zuwairi Saiman
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed F Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hesham El-Seedi
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Bilal Shah S, Sartaj L, Ali F, Ali Shah SI, Tahir Khan M. Plant extracts are the potential inhibitors of α-amylase: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15406/mojbb.2018.05.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Effect of Tea/Tea Extracts on α‐Glucan Hydrolysis by Enzymes In Vitro and In Vivo − With Parallel Impacts on Health. STARCH-STARKE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201700339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Sun J, Dong S, Wu Y, Zhao H, Li X, Gao W. Inhibitor discovery from pomegranate rind for targeting human salivary α-amylase. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Oladiran DA, Emmambux NM. Nutritional and Functional Properties of Extruded Cassava-Soy Composite with Grape Pomace. STARCH-STARKE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201700298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dolapo A. Oladiran
- Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria; Pretoria 0002 South Africa
| | - Naushad M. Emmambux
- Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria; Pretoria 0002 South Africa
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Strahler J, Nater UM. Differential effects of eating and drinking on wellbeing—An ecological ambulatory assessment study. Biol Psychol 2018; 131:72-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Barrett AH, Farhadi NF, Smith TJ. Slowing starch digestion and inhibiting digestive enzyme activity using plant flavanols/tannins— A review of efficacy and mechanisms. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Luo F, Liu X, She Y, Gao W. Three Citrus
flavonoids retard the digestion of starch and its working mechanisms. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology; Hunan Agricultural University; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology; Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients; Changsha 410128 China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology; Hunan Agricultural University; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology; Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients; Changsha 410128 China
| | - Yin She
- College of Food Science and Technology; Hunan Agricultural University; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology; Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients; Changsha 410128 China
| | - Wanru Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology; Hunan Agricultural University; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology; Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients; Changsha 410128 China
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Galloylation of polyphenols alters their biological activity. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:223-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Inhibition of α-Amylases by Condensed and Hydrolysable Tannins: Focus on Kinetics and Hypoglycemic Actions. Enzyme Res 2017; 2017:5724902. [PMID: 28589038 PMCID: PMC5446891 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5724902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the in vitro inhibitory effects on the salivary and pancreatic α-amylases and the in vivo hypoglycemic actions of the hydrolysable tannin from Chinese natural gall and the condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii. The human salivary α-amylase was more strongly inhibited by the hydrolysable than by the condensed tannin, with the concentrations for 50% inhibition (IC50) being 47.0 and 285.4 μM, respectively. The inhibitory capacities of both tannins on the pancreatic α-amylase were also different, with IC50 values being 141.1 μM for the hydrolysable tannin and 248.1 μM for the condensed tannin. The kinetics of the inhibition presented complex patterns in that for both inhibitors more than one molecule can bind simultaneously to either the free enzyme of the substrate-complexed enzyme (parabolic mixed inhibition). Both tannins were able to inhibit the intestinal starch absorption. Inhibition by the hydrolysable tannin was concentration-dependent, with 53% inhibition at the dose of 58.8 μmol/kg and 88% inhibition at the dose of 294 μmol/kg. For the condensed tannin, inhibition was not substantially different for doses between 124.4 μmol/kg (49%) and 620 μmol/kg (57%). It can be concluded that both tannins, but especially the hydrolysable one, could be useful in controlling the postprandial glycemic levels in diabetes.
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Gabbia D, Dall'Acqua S, Di Gangi IM, Bogialli S, Caputi V, Albertoni L, Marsilio I, Paccagnella N, Carrara M, Giron MC, De Martin S. The Phytocomplex from Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum Controls Postprandial Plasma Glucose Levels: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study in a Mouse Model of NASH. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E41. [PMID: 28212301 PMCID: PMC5334621 DOI: 10.3390/md15020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible seaweeds have been consumed by Asian coastal communities since ancient times. Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum extracts have been traditionally used for the treatment of obesity and several gastrointestinal diseases. We evaluated the ability of extracts obtained from these algae to inhibit the digestive enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase in vitro, and control postprandial plasma glucose levels in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); a liver disease often preceding the development of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This model was obtained by the administration of a high-fat diet. Our results demonstrate that these algae only delayed and reduced the peak of blood glucose (p < 0.05) in mice fed with normal diet, without changing the area under the blood glucose curve (AUC). In the model of NASH, the phytocomplex was able to reduce both the postprandial glycaemic peak, and the AUC. The administration of the extract in a diet particularly rich in fat is associated with a delay in carbohydrate digestion, but also with a decrease in its assimilation. In conclusion, our results indicate that this algal extract may be useful in the control of carbohydrate digestion and absorption. This effect may be therapeutically exploited to prevent the transition of NASH to T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gabbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Sara Bogialli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Valentina Caputi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Laura Albertoni
- Department of Medicine, General Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Marsilio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Nicola Paccagnella
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Maria Carrara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Hertel S, Pötschke S, Basche S, Delius J, Hoth-Hannig W, Hannig M, Hannig C. Effect of Tannic Acid on the Protective Properties of the in situ Formed Pellicle. Caries Res 2016; 51:34-45. [PMID: 27960156 DOI: 10.1159/000451036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the present in situ/ex vivo study the impact of tannic acid on the erosion-protective properties of the enamel pellicle was tested. Additionally, the antiadherent and antibacterial effects of tannic acid were evaluated. METHODS The pellicle was formed in situ on bovine enamel samples fixed on individual splints worn by 6 subjects. Following 1 min of pellicle formation the volunteers rinsed for 10 min with tannic acid. After further oral exposure for 19 min, 109 min, and 8 h overnight, respectively, slabs were incubated in HCl ex vivo (pH 2.0, 2.3, 3.0) over 120 s. Subsequently, kinetics of calcium and phosphate release were measured photometrically. Samples after a 1-min fluoride mouth rinse as well as enamel samples with and without a 30-min in situ pellicle served as controls. Antiadherent effects were evaluated after a 1-min rinse with tannic acid and oral exposure of the slabs overnight. DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) combined with concanavalin A staining and live/dead staining was used for fluorescence microscopic visualization and quantification of adherent bacteria and glucans. Modification of the pellicle's ultrastructure by tannic acid was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS Tannic acid significantly improved the erosion-protective properties of the pellicle in a pH-dependent manner. Bacterial adherence and glucan formation on enamel were significantly reduced after rinses with tannic acid as investigated by fluorescence microscopy. TEM imaging indicated that rinsing with tannic acid yielded a sustainable modification of the pellicle; it was distinctly more electron dense. CONCLUSION Tannic acid offers an effective and sustainable approach for the prevention of caries and erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Hertel
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Abdulbaqi HR, Himratul-Aznita WH, Baharuddin NA. Evaluation of Salvadora persica L. and green tea anti-plaque effect: a randomized controlled crossover clinical trial. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:493. [PMID: 27903262 PMCID: PMC5131433 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background In the author’s earlier in vitro investigation, a combination of 0.25 mg/ml green tea and 7.82 mg/ml Salvadora persica L. aqueous extracts was found to exhibit significant synergistic anti-bacterial and anti-adherence effects against primary plaque colonizers biofilm. A clinical trial was needed to support these preliminary in vitro results and to investigate its efficacy as a mouthwash in the control of dental plaque. Methods A 24 h plaque re-growth, double-blinded, randomized crossover trial was carried out. Participants (n = 14) randomly rinsed with test formulation, 0.12% chlorhexidine (control) and placebo mouthwashes for 24 h. A week before the trial, all participants received scaling, polishing and oral hygiene education. On the trial day, the participants received polishing at baseline and rinsed with 15 ml of randomly allocated mouthwash twice daily without oral hygiene measures. After 24 h, plaque index was scored and then the participants entered a 6-days washout period with regular oral hygiene measures. The same protocol was repeated for the next 2 mouthwashes. Results The results were expressed as mean (±SD) plaque index. The test mouthwash (0.931 ± 0.372) significantly reduced plaque accumulation when compared with placebo (1.440 ± 0.498, p < 0.0167) and chlorhexidine (1.317 ± 0.344, p < 0.0167) mouthwashes. No significant difference was found between chlorhexidine and placebo (p > 0.0167). Conclusions The test mouthwash has an anti-plaque effect for a 24 h period. Longer-term clinical studies are highly encouraged to investigate its anti-plaque effect for longer periods. Trial registration This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02624336 in December 3, 2015. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1487-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Belhadj F, Somrani I, Aissaoui N, Messaoud C, Boussaid M, Marzouki M. Bioactive compounds contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities during ripening of Prunus persica L. varieties from the North West of Tunisia. Food Chem 2016; 204:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Arya V, Taneja L, Srivastava A, Nandlal S. Anticariogenic Activity of Black Tea - An Invivo Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC74-7. [PMID: 27135007 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/16276.7489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Teas is known for its anticariogenic properties and various mechanisms have been invoked to explain this effect. One such proposed mechanism is inhibition of salivary alpha amylase activity by endogenous tannins present in tea. AIM The objective of the present study was to determine whether or not the ingestion of black tea decoction inhibits the enzyme salivary amylase and thus interferes with the release of maltose from intraoral entrapped particles of food. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 30 children in the age group of 12 - 15 years were selected for the study. After two hours of fasting subjects consumed two salted crackers for 60 second following which they rinsed with water (control solution) and then with 1.5% black tea decoction (test solution) next day. Retained food particles were recovered from buccal aspect of left mandibular premolar and salivary amylase activity was noted via chromatography. Paired t-test was applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS Maltose to Sucrose ratio was used to evaluate the result. The average ratio was 3.27 for control solution and 1.82 for test solution. The results were statistically highly significant (p <0.005). CONCLUSION Tea inhibited the activity of salivary amylase and this inhibition assumes a special significance when it is considered that the effect of tea could be manifested over a prolonged period of time, as in a real life situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Arya
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University , Gurgaon, India
| | - Lavina Taneja
- Reader, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University , Gurgaon, India
| | - Ankit Srivastava
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University , Gurgaon, India
| | - Swati Nandlal
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University , Gurgaon, India
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Homoki JR, Nemes A, Fazekas E, Gyémánt G, Balogh P, Gál F, Al-Asri J, Mortier J, Wolber G, Babinszky L, Remenyik J. Anthocyanin composition, antioxidant efficiency, and α-amylase inhibitor activity of different Hungarian sour cherry varieties (Prunus cerasus L.). Food Chem 2016; 194:222-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Tannins are considered as valuable plant secondary metabolites providing many benefits for human health. In this review information was gathered about bioactivity in vitro and in vivo, as well as about conducted clinical trials. The literature research was based on ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Cochrane databases and presents a wide range of tested activities of tannins. The described clinical trials verify laboratory tests and show the effective health benefits taken from supplementation with tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwira Sieniawska
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Poland
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Boehlke C, Zierau O, Hannig C. Salivary amylase - The enzyme of unspecialized euryphagous animals. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1162-76. [PMID: 26043446 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) is the most abundant enzyme in the saliva of man and of several vertebrates. In humans, salivary amylase is mainly formed in the parotid gland; its activity is of high inter-individual and intra-individual variability. The physiological functions of α-amylase have not yet been explored completely. It is well known that the enzyme cleaves the α-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds of polysaccharides. Furthermore it plays an important role in initial bioadhesion in man, facilitating carbohydrate metabolism and bacterial adherence at the tooth surface and therewith caries initiation. Nevertheless, it is still a matter of interest why humans have such high amounts of salivary amylase. OBJECTIVE The review presents an evolutionary approach by considering salivary amylase in the animal kingdom with special focus on mammalians divided into the three main nutritional types carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores; it was postulated that for most mammalian animals salivary α-amylase is essential. RESULTS The enzyme has been detected in saliva of some herbivores and many omnivorous animals, but not in pure carnivores. Focusing on ruminants, negligible levels or an absence of α-amylase was determined. Presence and activity probably differ depending on the species-specific diet. Animals feeding on unripe fruits, seeds, roots and bulbs exhibit higher activity of salivary α-amylase than species consuming ripe fruits, insects, and vertebrates. CONCLUSION In contrast to carnivores and most herbivores, omnivores have considerable amounts of amylase in their saliva. Though, the starch-digesting enzyme has been investigated well, the physiological function of amylase in saliva has not yet been explored completely. It can be hypothesized that nutritional habits affect expression of enzymes in the saliva of animals. It has to be verified, whether α-amylase is genetically or epigenetically determined. As a consequence of the development of agriculture, and following dietary changes, amylase can be recognized as a nutritional and evolutionary marker. Interdisciplinary evolutionary research might offer new perspectives for preventive dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Boehlke
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Zierau
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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45
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Della Bona A, Nedel F. Evaluation of Melia azedarach Extracts Against Streptococcus mutans. J Med Food 2015; 18:259-63. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Della Bona
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nedel
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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46
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Tong WY, Wang H, Waisundara VY, Huang D. Inhibiting enzymatic starch digestion by hydrolyzable tannins isolated from Eugenia jambolana. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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47
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A review of α-amylase inhibitors on weight loss and glycemic control in pathological state such as obesity and diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-014-1967-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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48
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Yang JP, He H, Lu YH. Four flavonoid compounds from Phyllostachys edulis leaf extract retard the digestion of starch and its working mechanisms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7760-7770. [PMID: 25019533 DOI: 10.1021/jf501931m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo leaf extract as a food additive has been used for preventing the oxidation of food. In the present study, we investigated the influence of Phyllostachys edulis leaf extract on starch digestion. Orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin were determined as its α-amylase inhibitory constituents. An inhibitory kinetics experiment demonstrated that they competitively inhibit α-amylase with Ki values of respectively 152.6, 11.5, 569.6, and 75.8 μg/mL. Molecular docking showed the four flavones can interact with the active site of α-amylase, and their inhibitory activity was greatly influenced by the glucoside linking position and 3'-hydroxyl. Moreover, the results of starch-iodine complex spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy indicated that P. edulis flavonoids retard the digestion of starch not only through interaction with digestive enzymes, but also through interaction with starch. Thus, P. edulis leaf extract can be potentially used as a starch-based food additive for adjusting postprandial hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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da Silva SM, Koehnlein EA, Bracht A, Castoldi R, de Morais GR, Baesso ML, Peralta RA, de Souza CGM, de Sá-Nakanishi AB, Peralta RM. Inhibition of salivary and pancreatic α-amylases by a pinhão coat (Araucaria angustifolia) extract rich in condensed tannin. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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50
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Lordan S, Smyth TJ, Soler-Vila A, Stanton C, Ross RP. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of Irish seaweed extracts. Food Chem 2013; 141:2170-6. [PMID: 23870944 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To date, numerous studies have reported on the antidiabetic properties of various plant extracts through inhibition of carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes. The objective of this research was to evaluate extracts of seaweeds for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. Cold water and ethanol extracts of 15 seaweeds were initially screened and from this, five brown seaweed species were chosen. The cold water and ethanol extracts of Ascophyllum nodosum had the strongest α-amylase inhibitory effect with IC50 values of 53.6 and 44.7 μg/ml, respectively. Moreover, the extracts of Fucus vesiculosus Linnaeus were found to be potent inhibitors of α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 0.32 and 0.49 μg/ml. The observed effects were associated with the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the extracts, and the concentrations used were below cytotoxic levels. Overall, our findings suggest that brown seaweed extracts may limit the release of simple sugars from the gut and thereby alleviate postprandial hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad Lordan
- NutraMara Research Consortium, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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