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Abdelhamid WG, Mowaad NA, Asaad GF, Galal AF, Mohammed SS, Mostafa OE, Sadek DR, Elkhateb LA. The potential protective effect of Camellia Sinensis in mitigating monosodium glutamate-induced neurotoxicity: biochemical and histological study in male albino rats. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:953-966. [PMID: 38869783 PMCID: PMC11233344 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the sodium compound derived from glutamic acid. Excessive daily ingestion of MSG leads to elevated amounts of glutamic acid in the bloodstream, which can be detrimental to brain structures. Camellia sinensis, often known as green tea (GT), is a rich source of essential hexogen antioxidants that are necessary for the body. Thirty-two adult male albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 8). Group 1 served as a control -ve group. Group 2 was given GT (1.5 ml/rat/day). Group 3 was given MSG (600 mg/kg/day). Group 4 was given MSG (600 mg/kg/day) and GT (1.5 ml/rat/day). All treatments were given orally for 28 days. MSG administration resulted in significant neurotoxicity in rats that was revealed by the significant reduction of serum concentration of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and nitric oxide (NO), and the significant elevation of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) accompanied by the significant reduction of levels of serum monoamines (dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine) and histological changes in the hippocampus area CA1, dentate gyrus, and cerebellar cortex and positive immunohistochemical staining of glial fibrillary acidic proteins (GFAP) and calretinin. Administration of GT with MSG counteracted the MSG-mediated oxidative stress by significantly increasing serum concentrations of GPX and NO and significantly decreasing concentrations of TAC. Furthermore, GT significantly increased levels of serum monoamines (dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine). Moreover, it ameliorated the histological changes, GFAP, and calretinin immunostaining in brain tissues. It is envisaged that GT will serve as a viable protective choice for the inclusion of the neurotoxicity treatment procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa G Abdelhamid
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha A Mowaad
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gihan F Asaad
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa F Galal
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarah S Mohammed
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Olfat E Mostafa
- Biochemistry Department, Poison Control Center, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa R Sadek
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lobna A Elkhateb
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Tseng YH, Bartram S, Reichelt M, Scholz SS, Meents AK, Ludwig A, Mithöfer A, Oelmüller R. Tris(methylthio)methane produced by Mortierella hyalina affects sulfur homeostasis in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14202. [PMID: 35987806 PMCID: PMC9392766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial volatiles are important factors in symbiotic interactions with plants. Mortierella hyalina is a beneficial root-colonizing fungus with a garlic-like smell, and promotes growth of Arabidopsis seedlings. GC–MS analysis of the M. hyalina headspace and NMR analysis of the extracted essential oil identified the sulfur-containing volatile tris(methylthio)methane (TMTM) as the major compound. Incorporation of the sulfur from the fungal volatile into plant metabolism was shown by 34S labeling experiments. Under sulfur deficiency, TMTM down-regulated sulfur deficiency-responsive genes, prevented glucosinolate (GSL) and glutathione (GSH) diminishment, and sustained plant growth. However, excess TMTM led to accumulation of GSH and GSL and reduced plant growth. Since TMTM is not directly incorporated into cysteine, we propose that the volatile from M. hyalina influences the plant sulfur metabolism by interfering with the GSH metabolism, and alleviates sulfur imbalances under sulfur stress.
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Yang F, Wang H, Zhi C, Chen B, Zheng Y, Qiao L, Gao J, Pan Y, Cheng Z. Garlic Volatile Diallyl Disulfide Induced Cucumber Resistance to Downy Mildew. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212328. [PMID: 34830208 PMCID: PMC8625977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Allicin compositions in garlic are used widely as fungicides in modern agriculture, in which diallyl disulfide (DADS) is a major compound. Downy mildew, caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis (P. cubensis), is one of the most destructive diseases and causes severe yield losses in cucumbers. To explore the potential mechanism of DADS-induced cucumber resistance to downy mildew, cucumber seedlings were treated with DADS and then inoculated with P. cubensis at a 10-day interval. Symptom observation showed that DADS significantly induced cucumber resistance to downy mildew. Furthermore, both lignin and H2O2 were significantly increased by DADS treatment to responding P. cubensis infection. Simultaneously, the enzyme activities of peroxidase (POD) in DADS-treated seedlings were significantly promoted. Meanwhile, both the auxin (IAA) and salicylic acid (SA) contents were increased, and their related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated when treated with DADS. Transcriptome profiling showed that many DEGs were involved in the biological processes of defense responses, in which DEGs on the pathways of 'phenylpropanoid biosynthesis', 'phenylalanine metabolism', 'MAPK signaling', and 'plant hormone signal transduction' were significantly up-regulated in DADS-treated cucumbers uninoculated with the pathogen. Based on the results of several physiological indices and transcriptomes, a potential molecular mechanism of DADS-induced cucumber resistance to downy mildew was proposed and discussed. The results of this study might give new insight into the exploration of the induced resistance mechanism of cucumber to downy mildew and provide useful information for the subsequent mining of resistance genes in cucumber.
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Saraf A, Dubey N, Dubey N, Sharma M. Enhancement of cytotoxicty of diallyl disulfide toward colon cancer by Eudragit S100/PLGA nanoparticles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Neuroprotective Potential of Allium sativum against Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity: Impact on Short-Term Memory, Gliosis, and Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041028. [PMID: 32290031 PMCID: PMC7230314 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of Allium sativum against monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced neurotoxicity with respect to its impact on short-term memory in rats. Forty male Wistar albino rats were assigned into four groups. The control group received distilled water. The second group was administered Allium sativum powder (200 mg/kg of body weight) orally for 7 successive days, then was left without treatment until the 30th day. The third group was injected intraperitoneally with MSG (4 g/kg of body weight) for 7 successive days, then left without treatment until the 30th day. The fourth group was injected with MSG in the same manner as the third group and was treated with Allium sativum powder in the same manner as the second group, simultaneously. Phytochemical analysis of Allium sativum powder identified the presence of diallyl disulphide, carvone, diallyl trisulfide, and allyl tetrasulfide. MSG-induced excitotoxicity and cognitive deficit were represented by decreased distance moved and taking a long time to start moving from the center in the open field, as well as lack of curiosity in investigating the novel object and novel arm. Moreover, MSG altered hippocampus structure and increased MDA concentration and protein expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), calretinin, and caspase-3, whereas it decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and protein expression of Ki-67 in brain tissue. However, Allium sativum powder prevented MSG-induced neurotoxicity and improved short-term memory through enhancing antioxidant activity and reducing lipid peroxidation. In addition, it decreased protein expression of GFAP, calretinin, and caspase-3 and increased protein expression of Ki-67 in brain tissues and retained brain tissue architecture. This study indicated that Allium sativum powder ameliorated MSG-induced neurotoxicity through preventing oxidative stress-induced gliosis and apoptosis of brain tissue in rats.
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Lenvatinib-zinc phthalocyanine conjugates as potential agents for enhancing synergistic therapy of multidrug-resistant cancer by glutathione depletion. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 169:53-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Assessing Herb–Drug Interactions of Herbal Products With Therapeutic Agents for Metabolic Diseases: Analytical and Regulatory Perspectives. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64179-3.00009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Phytotherapeutics: The Emerging Role of Intestinal and Hepatocellular Transporters in Drug Interactions with Botanical Supplements. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101699. [PMID: 29065448 PMCID: PMC6151444 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In herbalism, botanical supplements are commonly believed to be safe remedies, however, botanical supplements and dietary ingredients interact with transport and metabolic processes, affecting drug disposition. Although a large number of studies have described that botanical supplements interfere with drug metabolism, the mode of their interaction with drug transport processes is not well described. Such interactions may result in serious undesired effects and changed drug efficacy, therefore, some studies on interaction between botanical supplement ingredients and drug transporters such as P-gp and OATPs are described here, suggesting that the interaction between botanical supplements and the drug transporters is clinically significant.
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Cheng F, Cheng ZH, Meng HW. Transcriptomic insights into the allelopathic effects of the garlic allelochemical diallyl disulfide on tomato roots. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38902. [PMID: 27941943 PMCID: PMC5150855 DOI: 10.1038/srep38902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic is an allelopathic crop that can alleviate the obstacles to continuous cropping of vegetable crops. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), one of the most important allelochemicals in garlic, promotes tomato root growth. Therefore, the global transcriptome profiles of DADS-treated tomato roots over time were investigated to reveal the potential growth-promoting mechanisms. We detected 1828, 1296 and 1190 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the 4, 24 and 48 h samples, respectively. Most DEGs involved in assimilatory sulfate reduction and glutathione metabolism were up-regulated after short-term (4 h) DADS treatment. In addition, increased activity of defensive enzymes and up-regulation of six peroxidase genes were observed, suggesting that DADS could induce tomato resistance. In plant-pathogen interactions, DEGs related to calcium signaling were primarily inhibited, while those encoding pathogenesis-related proteins were primarily up-regulated. Although plant hormone synthesis and signal transduction were both significantly affected by DADS, the expression trends of the genes in these two pathways were conflicting. This research provides comprehensive information concerning the changes in the tomato root transcriptome affected by DADS and may help direct further studies on DADS-responsive genes to enhance the current understanding of the mechanisms by which DADS alleviates the obstacles to continuous cropping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No. 3,Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Zhi-Hui Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No. 3,Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Huan-Wen Meng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No. 3,Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
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Moustafa GG, Hussein MM. New insight on using aged garlic extract against toxic impacts of titanium dioxide bulk salt triggers inflammatory and fibrotic cascades in male rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:687-697. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Grabovac V, Laffleur F, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Thiomers: Influence of molecular mass and thiol group content of poly(acrylic acid) on efflux pump inhibition. Int J Pharm 2015; 493:374-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Colín-González AL, Ali SF, Túnez I, Santamaría A. On the antioxidant, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of S-allyl cysteine: An update. Neurochem Int 2015; 89:83-91. [PMID: 26122973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches based on isolated compounds obtained from natural products to handle central and peripheral disorders involving oxidative stress and inflammation are more common nowadays. The validation of nutraceutics vs. pharmaceutics as tools to induce preventive and protective profiles in human health alterations is still far of complete acceptance, but the basis to start more solid experimental and clinical protocols with natural products has already begun. S-allyl cysteine (SAC) is a promising garlic-derived organosulfur compound exhibiting a considerable number of positive actions in cell models and living systems. An update, in the form of review, is needed from time to time to get access to the state-of-the-art on this topic. In this review we visited recent and refreshing evidence of new already proven and potential targets to explain the benefits of using SAC against toxic and pathological conditions. The broad spectrum of protective actions covered by this molecule comprises antioxidant, redox modulatory and anti-inflammatory activities, accompanied by anti-apoptotic, pro-energetic and signaling capacities. Herein, we detail the evidence on these aspects to provide the reader a more complete overview on the promising aspects of SAC in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Colín-González
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, SSA, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Syed F Ali
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA.
| | - Isaac Túnez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia/Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Spain
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, SSA, Mexico City, Mexico.
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van der Schoor LWE, Verkade HJ, Kuipers F, Jonker JW. New insights in the biology of ABC transporters ABCC2 and ABCC3: impact on drug disposition. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 11:273-93. [PMID: 25380746 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.981152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For the elimination of environmental chemicals and metabolic waste products, the body is equipped with a range of broad specificity transporters that are present in excretory organs as well as in several epithelial blood-tissue barriers. AREAS COVERED ABCC2 and ABCC3 (also known as MRP2 and MRP3) mediate the transport of various conjugated organic anions, including many drugs, toxicants and endogenous compounds. This review focuses on the physiology of these transporters, their roles in drug disposition and how they affect drug sensitivity and toxicity. It also examines how ABCC2 and ABCC3 are coordinately regulated at the transcriptional level by members of the nuclear receptor (NR) family of ligand-modulated transcription factors and how this can be therapeutically exploited. EXPERT OPINION Mutations in both ABCC2 and ABCC3 have been associated with changes in drug disposition, sensitivity and toxicity. A defect in ABCC2 is associated with Dubin-Johnson syndrome, a recessively inherited disorder characterized by conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Pharmacological manipulation of the activity of these transporters can potentially improve the pharmacokinetics and thus therapeutic activity of substrate drugs but also affect the physiological function of these transporters and consequently ameliorate associated disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori W E van der Schoor
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics , Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen , The Netherlands
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K. S, Senthilkumar G, Sankar P, Bobby Z. Attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance by allium sativum in fructose-fed male rats. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:1860-2. [PMID: 24179882 PMCID: PMC3809621 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2013/6924.3334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fructose is widely used as a food ingredient and has potential to increase oxidative stress. Moreover, the beneficial health effects of medicinal plants are frequently attributed to their potent antioxidant effects. OBJECTIVES The present study was aimed to explore the effects of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress in male wistar rats fed with high fructose diet. MATERIAL AND METHODS Diabetes was induced in male albino Wistar rats by feeding 60% fructose rich diet. The fasting plasma glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, tumour necrosis factor alpha, total antioxidant status and the whole blood reduced glutathione, erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities were measured. Differences between the groups were assessed by using One Way Analysis of Variance with (ANOVA) Tukey post-hoc test. RESULTS The diabetic rats showed a significant increase in plasma fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, tumour necrosis factor alpha and malondialdehyde level and decreased levels of total antioxidant status, reduced glutathione, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Treatment with garlic extract restored all these biochemical changes. CONCLUSION The garlic extract is effective in improving the high fructose induced oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance in male wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaraman K.
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry–605 006, India
| | - G.P. Senthilkumar
- Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry–605 006, India
| | - P. Sankar
- Research Scholar, Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry–605 006, India
| | - Zachariah Bobby
- Additional Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry–605 006, India
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Casettari L, Vllasaliu D, Lam JK, Soliman M, Illum L. Biomedical applications of amino acid-modified chitosans: A review. Biomaterials 2012; 33:7565-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lai KC, Kuo CL, Ho HC, Yang JS, Ma CY, Lu HF, Huang HY, Chueh FS, Yu CC, Chung JG. Diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide affect drug resistant gene expression in colo 205 human colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:625-30. [PMID: 22397993 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
To elevate chemo-resistance of human cancer cells is a major obstacle in the treatment and management of malignant cancers. Diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) are presented in the Alliaceae family particularly in garlic. Although DAS, DADS and DATS have been shown to exhibit anticancer activities, there is little information on effects of these compounds on drug resistant genes in human colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we are the first to show that DAS, DADS and DATS at 25 μM for 24-h and 48-h incubations promoted expression of drug resistant genes in colo 205 human colon cancer cells. In vitro experiments indicated that DATS promoted gene expression of multidrug resistant 1 (Mdr1) (p<0.05), and DAS and DADS promoted MRP3 gene expression and DATS alone stimulated gene expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 (MRP1) (p<0.05) in colo 205 cells. In vivo studies demonstrated that DADS and DATS induced Mdr1 and MRP1 gene expression (p<0.05). DADS promoted MRP3 gene expression (p<0.05) as well as DADS and DATS increased MRP4 and MRP6 gene expression (p<0.05) in the colo 205 xenograft mice. Based on our in vitro and in vivo results, diallyl polysulfides (DAS, DADS and DATS) affected the gene expression of the multidrug resistance in colo 205 human colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Chi Lai
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin 651, Taiwan
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18
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Shibayama Y, Iwashita Y, Yoshikawa Y, Kondo T, Ikeda R, Takeda Y, Osada T, Sugawara M, Yamada K, Iseki K. Effect of 5-fluorouracil treatment on SN-38 absorption from intestine in rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:1418-25. [PMID: 21881227 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapies with irinotecan have been applied for the treatment of cancers, and a common dose-limiting toxicity is neutropenia and diarrhea. In this study, we investigated the effect of 5-FU treatment on expression levels of drug transporters for SN-38 transportation and SN-38 absorption from the intestine following 5-FU treatment. Expression levels of several drug transporters and nuclear receptors in rats after 5-FU treatment were evaluated. SN-38 absorption from the intestine was evaluated by SN-38 concentration levels in serum following SN-38 injection into the intestine of 5-FU treated rats. The levels of renal multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2) on day 4 after treatment (400 mg/kg) showed significant upregulation, 359.2 ± 33.2% (mean ± S.E.) of control. Mrp2 levels in the intestine were downregulated to 26.2 ± 8.4% of control. 5-FU treatment (400 mg/kg) also significantly downregurated expression levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) to 41.2 ± 14.7%, 15.7 ± 4.3% of control, respectively. To evaluate SN-38 absorption from the intestine, SN-38 was loaded in to the intestine on day 4 after 5-FU treatment. Pretreatment with 5-FU significantly increased SN-38 concentration in the blood 30, 60 and 90 min after SN-38 administration. The area under the curve for SN-38 in the 5-FU group was significantly higher than in vehicle groups. 5-FU treatment decreased expression levels of P-glycoprotein and Bcrp in intestine. The present study suggests that combination chemotherapy of 5-FU with irinotecan (CPT-11) may elevate SN-38 absorption from intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Shibayama
- Education Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
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Nepravishta R, Sabelli R, Iorio E, Micheli L, Paci M, Melino S. Oxidative species and S-glutathionyl conjugates in the apoptosis induction by allyl thiosulfate. FEBS J 2011; 279:154-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Li Y, Revalde JL, Reid G, Paxton JW. Interactions of dietary phytochemicals with ABC transporters: possible implications for drug disposition and multidrug resistance in cancer. Drug Metab Rev 2011; 42:590-611. [PMID: 20433315 DOI: 10.3109/03602531003758690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Common foods, such as fruits and vegetables, contain a large variety of secondary metabolites known as phytochemicals, many of which have been associated with health benefits. However, there is a limited knowledge of the processes by which these, mainly charged, phytochemicals (and/or their metabolites) are absorbed into the body, reach their biological target, and how they are eliminated. Recent studies have indicated that some of these phytochemicals are substrates and modulators of specific members of the superfamily of ABC transporting proteins. In this review, we present the reported interactions between the different classes of phytochemicals and ABC transporters and the mechanism by which they modulate the activity of these transporters. We also discuss the implications that such interactions may have on the pharmacokinetics of xenobiotics and the possible role of phytochemicals in the reversal of multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Tarirai C, Viljoen AM, Hamman JH. Herb-drug pharmacokinetic interactions reviewed. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 6:1515-38. [PMID: 21067427 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2010.529129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD the global increase in the popularity of alternative medicines has raised renewed concerns regarding herb-drug interactions. These interactions are especially important for drugs with narrow therapeutic indices and may either be pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic in nature. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW pharmacokinetic interactions which may exist between herbs and drugs, and the mechanisms of these interactions with appropriate examples based on primary and secondary data in publications are discussed. The mechanisms covered include those that affect oral drug absorption (e.g., modulation of efflux and uptake transporters, complex formation, gastrointestinal motility and pH) and drug biotransformation (e.g., inhibition or induction of enzymes). WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN knowledge on the mechanisms of herb-drug pharmacokinetic interactions supported by an extended list of these types of interactions for quick reference. A critical evaluation of certain herb-drug pharmacokinetic interactions reported in the scientific literature. TAKE HOME MESSAGE as the incidence and severity of herb-drug pharmacokinetic interactions increase due to a worldwide rise in the use of herbal preparations, more clinical data regarding herb-drug pharmacokinetic interactions are needed to make informed decisions regarding patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemence Tarirai
- Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pretoria, South Africa
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Allyl sulfur compounds and cellular detoxification system: effects and perspectives in cancer therapy. Amino Acids 2010; 41:103-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hall MD, Handley MD, Gottesman MM. Is resistance useless? Multidrug resistance and collateral sensitivity. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2009; 30:546-56. [PMID: 19762091 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
When cancer cells develop resistance to chemotherapeutics, it is frequently conferred by the ATP-dependent efflux pump P-glycoprotein (MDR1, P-gp, ABCB1). P-gp can efflux a wide range of cancer drugs; its expression confers cross-resistance, termed "multidrug resistance" (MDR), to a wide range of drugs. Strategies to overcome this resistance have been actively sought for more than 30 years, yet clinical solutions do not exist. A less understood aspect of MDR is the hypersensitivity of resistant cancer cells to other drugs, a phenomenon known as "collateral sensitivity" (CS). This review highlights the extent of this effect for the first time, and discusses hypotheses (e.g. generation of reactive oxygen species) to account for the underlying generality of this phenomenon, and proposes exploitation of CS as a strategy to improve response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Hall
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Iciek M, Kwiecień I, Włodek L. Biological properties of garlic and garlic-derived organosulfur compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2009; 50:247-265. [PMID: 19253339 DOI: 10.1002/em.20474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal properties of garlic (Allium sativum) have been widely known and used since ancient times till the present. Garlic enhances immune functions and has antibacterial, antifungal and antivirus activities. It is known to prevent platelet aggregation, and to have hypotensive and cholesterol- and triglyceride-lowering properties, although the latter features have been questioned. This review is focused on anticancer efficacy of Allium sativum, and attempts to explain the mechanisms of this action. Medicinal properties of garlic rely upon organosulfur compounds mostly derived from alliin. Organosulfur compounds originating from garlic inhibit carcinogen activation, boost phase 2 detoxifying processes, cause cell cycle arrest mostly in G2/M phase, stimulate the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, increase acetylation of histones. Garlic-derived sulfur compounds influence also gap-junctional intercellular communication and participate in the development of multidrug resistance. This review presents also other little known aspects of molecular action of garlic-derived compounds, like modulation of cellular redox state, involvement in signal transduction and post-translational modification of proteins by sulfane sulfur or by formation of mixed disulfides (S-thiolation reactions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Iciek
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Flora SJS, Mehta A, Gupta R. Prevention of arsenic-induced hepatic apoptosis by concomitant administration of garlic extracts in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 177:227-33. [PMID: 18834867 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Garlic is well known as a folk remedy for a variety of ailments since ancient times, however, very few studies are available suggesting its beneficial role against arsenic toxicity pertaining to its ability to eliminate arsenic from the blood and soft tissues and in reversal of arsenic-induced oxidative stress in affected tissues. The present study was planned to investigate the protective efficacy of aqueous garlic extract using two different doses on parameters suggestive of hepatic injury, tissue oxidative stress and mobilization of arsenic. Further, an attempt to understand the mechanism of arsenic in inducing hepatic apoptosis was also studied. Results of the present study suggested that arsenic administration in mice caused generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing apoptosis through mitochondria-mediated pathway. The ROS generation in hepatic tissue reverted to normal values after co-administration of garlic extracts. The study provides significant evidence that garlic extracts contain strong anti-oxidant property which could be beneficial in preventing arsenic-induced toxicity in cells. However, further research is required to determine whether the results from animal studies are applicable to humans before garlic can be recommended as a putative agent against arsenic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaran J S Flora
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India.
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26
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Schmitz T, Hombach J, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Chitosan-N-acetyl cysteine conjugates: in vitro evaluation of permeation enhancing and P-glycoprotein inhibiting properties. Drug Deliv 2008; 15:245-52. [PMID: 18446570 DOI: 10.1080/10717540802006708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated three chitosan-N-acetyl cysteine (CAC) conjugates of increasing molecular mass as a valuable tool to improve the absorption of drugs by assessing its permeation enhancing effect regarding the active P-gp substrate rhodamine-123 in comparison to the trans- and paracellular marker FD 4 both in rat intestine and Caco 2 monolayers. Additional LDH and MTT cytotoxicity tests have attested a non-toxic profile to CAC, which can consequently be seen as a safe and promising novel drug carrier with the ability to enhance drug absorption and to inhibit P-gp efflux transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Schmitz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Shukla Y, Kalra N. Cancer chemoprevention with garlic and its constituents. Cancer Lett 2006; 247:167-81. [PMID: 16793203 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2006] [Revised: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Advance metastasized cancers are generally incurable; hence an effort to prolong the process of carcinogenesis through chemoprevention has emerged consistent with this notion. In recent years, a considerable attention has been placed to identify naturally occurring chemopreventive substances capable of inhibiting, retarding or reversing the process of carcinogenesis. A number of phenolic substances, particularly those present in dietary and medicinal plants, have been shown to possess substantial anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic activities. Epidemiological observations and laboratory studies, both in cell culture and animal models have indicated anticarcinogenic potential of garlic and its constituents, which has been traditionally used for varied human ailments around the world. Chemical analysis has indicated that protective effects of garlic appear to be related to the presence of organosulfur compounds mainly allyl derivatives. Several mechanisms have been presented to explain cancer chemopreventive effects of garlic-derived products. These include modulation in activity of several metabolizing enzymes that activate and detoxify carcinogens and inhibit DNA adduct formation, antioxidative and free radicals scavenging properties and regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis and immune responses. Recent data show that garlic-derived products modulate cell-signaling pathways in a fashion that controls the unwanted proliferation of cells thereby imparting strong cancer chemopreventive as well as cancer therapeutic effects. This review discusses mechanistic basis of cancer chemopreventive effects of garlic-derived products, their implication in cancer management and ways and means to take these agents from bench to real life situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogeshwer Shukla
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India.
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Takano M, Yumoto R, Murakami T. Expression and function of efflux drug transporters in the intestine. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 109:137-61. [PMID: 16209890 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2005] [Accepted: 06/21/2005] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A variety of drug transporters expressed in the body control the fate of drugs by affecting absorption, distribution, and elimination processes. In the small intestine, transporters mediate the influx and efflux of endogenous or exogenous substances. In clinical pharmacotherapy, ATP-dependent efflux transporters (ATP-binding cassette [ABC] transporters) expressed on the apical membrane of the intestinal epithelial cells determine oral bioavailability, intestinal efflux clearance, and the site of drug-drug interaction of certain drugs. The expression and functional activity of efflux transporters exhibit marked interindividual variation and are relatively easily modulated by factors such as therapeutic drugs and daily foods and beverages. In this article, we will summarize the recent findings regarding the intestinal efflux transporters, especially P-glycoprotein (P-gp or human multidrug resistance gene [MDR] 1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikihisa Takano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Programs for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
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Filomeni G, Aquilano K, Rotilio G, Ciriolo MR. Glutathione-Related Systems and Modulation of Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinases Are Involved in the Resistance of AGS Adenocarcinoma Gastric Cells to Diallyl Disulfide–Induced Apoptosis. Cancer Res 2005; 65:11735-42. [PMID: 16357186 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-3067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have previously characterized the cytotoxic action of diallyl disulfide (DADS) on neuroblastoma cells, and we have shown the crucial role of an early and massive reactive oxygen species production in the induction of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase-mediated apoptotic pathway. In the present work, we report that DADS is ineffective in inducing apoptosis in a human adenocarcinoma gastric cell line (AGS). In particular, we show that AGS cells are able to recover from the p53/p21-mediated cell cycle arrest in the G(2)-M phase upon DADS treatment without committing cells to death. This event is most likely due to a peculiar surviving pathway of these cells involving: (a) the formation of mixed disulfides between reduced glutathione (GSH) and protein thiols, (b) a higher and inducible glutathione peroxidase activity, and/or (c) an efficient modulation of the phospho-active levels of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK 1/2). Moreover, by increasing glutathione peroxidase expression or GSH concentrations, cell cycle arrest is fully abolished; the apoptotic death is induced by either decreasing the availability of intracellular GSH or inhibiting the reactivation of ERK 1/2. Altogether, our data show that ERK 1/2 participates in the active proliferation of AGS cells and that an efficient reactive oxygen species buffering system makes these cells resistant to DADS-mediated detrimental effects.
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Fardel O, Jigorel E, Le Vee M, Payen L. Physiological, pharmacological and clinical features of the multidrug resistance protein 2. Biomed Pharmacother 2005; 59:104-14. [PMID: 15795103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2005.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2004] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2, ABCC2) is a drug efflux pump belonging to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. MRP2 is present predominantly at the biliary pole of hepatocytes and is also expressed in the kidney and intestine. It plays a major role in hepato-biliary elimination of many structurally diverse xenobiotics, including organic anions and drug conjugates, and therefore most likely contributes to pharmacokinetic parameters of these compounds. MRP2 also handles endogenous molecules such as bilirubin, and its overexpression has been shown to confer a multidrug resistance phenotype to tumoral cells. MRP2 expression can be regulated by endogenous substances such as inflammatory cytokines and biliary acids. The MRP2 levels and activity can also be affected by a large panel of xenobiotics, including chemopreventive agents and ligands of the pregnane X receptor, which may be a potential source of drug-drug interactions and drug adverse effects. MRP2 appears therefore as one of the major drug efflux pumps of the organism, whose functional and regulatory features are important to consider, notably for drug disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fardel
- Inserm U620, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue Professeur Leon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France.
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