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Aouabdi S, Nedjadi T, Alsiary R, Mouffouk F, Ansari HR. Transcriptomics Demonstrates Significant Biological Effect of Growing Stem Cells on RGD-Cotton Scaffold. Tissue Eng Part A 2024. [PMID: 38666698 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy provides a viable alternative treatment for degenerated or damaged tissue. Stem cells have been used either alone or in conjunction with an artificial scaffold. The latter provides a structural advantage by enabling the cells to thrive in three-dimensional (3D) settings, closely resembling the natural in vivo environments. Previously, we disclosed the development of a 3D scaffold made from cotton, which was conjugated with arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD), to facilitate the growth and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This scaffold allowed the MSCs to adhere and proliferate without compromising their viability or their stem cell markers. A comprehensive analysis investigation of the molecular changes occurring in MSCs adhering to the cotton fibers will contribute to the advancement of therapy. The objective of this study is to analyze the molecular processes occurring in the growth of MSCs on a cotton-RGD conjugated-based scaffold by examining their gene expression profiles. To achieve this, we conducted an experiment where MSCs were seeded with and without the scaffold for a duration of 48 h. Subsequently, cells were collected for RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and whole-transcriptomic analysis performed on both populations. Our analysis revealed several upregulated and downregulated differently expressed genes in the MSCs adhering to the scaffold compared with the control cells. Through gene ontology analysis, we were able to identify enriched biological processes, molecular functions, pathways, and protein-protein interactions in these differentially expressed genes. Our data suggest that the scaffold may have the potential to enhance osteogenesis in the MSCs. Furthermore, our results indicate that the scaffold does not induce oxidative stress, inflammation, or aging in the MSCs. These findings provide valuable insights for the application of MSCs in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Aouabdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taoufik Nedjadi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawiah Alsiary
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouzi Mouffouk
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Hifzur Rahman Ansari
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Guo G, Wang W, Tu M, Zhao B, Han J, Li J, Pan Y, Zhou J, Ma W, Liu Y, Sun T, Han X, An Y. Deciphering adipose development: Function, differentiation and regulation. Dev Dyn 2024. [PMID: 38516819 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The overdevelopment of adipose tissues, accompanied by excess lipid accumulation and energy storage, leads to adipose deposition and obesity. With the increasing incidence of obesity in recent years, obesity is becoming a major risk factor for human health, causing various relevant diseases (including hypertension, diabetes, osteoarthritis and cancers). Therefore, it is of significance to antagonize obesity to reduce the risk of obesity-related diseases. Excess lipid accumulation in adipose tissues is mediated by adipocyte hypertrophy (expansion of pre-existing adipocytes) or hyperplasia (increase of newly-formed adipocytes). It is necessary to prevent excessive accumulation of adipose tissues by controlling adipose development. Adipogenesis is exquisitely regulated by many factors in vivo and in vitro, including hormones, cytokines, gender and dietary components. The present review has concluded a comprehensive understanding of adipose development including its origin, classification, distribution, function, differentiation and molecular mechanisms underlying adipogenesis, which may provide potential therapeutic strategies for harnessing obesity without impairing adipose tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wanli Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengjie Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiayang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanbing Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Wang YL, Hou YH, Ling ZJ, Zhao HL, Zheng XR, Zhang XD, Yin ZJ, Ding YY. RNA sequencing analysis of the longissimus dorsi to identify candidate genes underlying the intramuscular fat content in Anqing Six-end-white pigs. Anim Genet 2023; 54:315-327. [PMID: 36866648 DOI: 10.1111/age.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is a significant marker for pork quality. The Anqing Six-end-white pig has the characteristics of high meat quality and IMF content. Owing to the influence of European commercial pigs and a late start in resource conservation, the IMF content within local populations varies between individuals. This study analyzed the longissimus dorsi transcriptome of purebred Anqing Six-end-white pigs with varying IMF content to recognize differentially expressed genes. We identified 1528 differentially expressed genes between the pigs with high (H) and low (L) IMF content. Based on these data, 1775 Gene Ontology terms were significantly enriched, including lipid metabolism, modification and storage, and regulation of lipid biosynthesis. Pathway analysis revealed 79 significantly enriched pathways, including the Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis indicated that the L group had increased the expression of genes related to ribosome function. Additionally, the protein-protein interaction network analyses revealed that VEGFA, KDR, LEP, IRS1, IGF1R, FLT1 and FLT4 were promising candidate genes associated with the IMF content. Our study identified the candidate genes and pathways involved in IMF deposition and lipid metabolism and provides data for developing local pig germplasm resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Wang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Y H Hou
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Z J Ling
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - H L Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - X R Zheng
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - X D Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Z J Yin
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Y Y Ding
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Integrative Analysis of miRNAs Involved in Fat Deposition in Different Pig Breeds. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:genes14010094. [PMID: 36672834 PMCID: PMC9859024 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND miRNAs are a set of small, noncoding RNAs that bind to partially complementary sequences on target mRNAs. This leads to the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Many studies have shown that microRNAs play critical roles in adipose cell differentiation and fat metabolism. The aim of this study was to explore the regulatory functions of miRNAs in fat deposition for the prevention and therapy of lipid metabolism-related diseases. METHODS The significant differences in the fat deposition of Laiwu (LW) pigs and Large White (LY) pigs were studied. To investigate the genetic relationships of miRNAs that regulate fat deposition, we performed a genome-wide analysis of miRNAs derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue of LW and LY pigs using RNA-seq. RESULTS There were 39 known miRNAs and 56 novel miRNAs significantly differential expressed between the two breeds of pigs. In the analysis of the Gene Ontology and KEGG pathways, predicted targets of these differentially expressed miRNAs were involved in several fat-associated pathways, such as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and Wnt signaling pathways. In addition, ssc-miR-133a-3p, ssc-miR-486 and ssc-miR-1 each had a great impact on the development of porcine subcutaneous fat through the PPAR signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS We explored the role of differentially expressed miRNAs and studied the mechanisms of adipogenesis and fat deposition between two different pig breeds. In addition, these results also contribute to research relevant to human obesity.
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Karadeniz F, Oh JH, Jang MS, Seo Y, Kong CS. Libanoridin Isolated from Corydalis heterocarpa Inhibits Adipogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010254. [PMID: 36613696 PMCID: PMC9820566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adiposity is a complication in osteoporotic patients. It is a result of the imbalance between adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow cells. Phytochemicals can alleviate osteoporotic complications by hindering bone loss and decreasing bone marrow adiposity. Corydalis heterocarpa is a biennial halophyte with reported bioactivities, and it is a source of different coumarin derivatives. Libanoridin is a coumarin isolated from C. heterocarpa, and the effect of libanoridin on adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) was evaluated in the present study. Cells were induced to undergo adipogenesis, and their intracellular lipid accumulation and expression of adipogenic markers were observed under libanoridin treatment. Results showed that 10 μM libanoridin-treated adipocytes accumulated 44.94% less lipid compared to untreated adipocytes. In addition, mRNA levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP1c were dose-dependently suppressed with libanoridin treatment, whereas only protein levels of PPARγ were decreased in the presence of libanoridin. Fluorescence staining of adipocytes also revealed that cells treated with 10 μM libanoridin expressed less PPARγ compared to untreated adipocytes. Protein levels of perilipin and leptin, markers of mature adipocytes, were also suppressed in adipocytes treated with 10 μM libanoridin. Analysis of MAPK phosphorylation levels showed that treatment with libanoridin inhibited the activation of p38 and JNK MAPKs observed by decreased levels of phosphorylated p38 and JNK protein. It was suggested that libanoridin inhibited adipogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs via suppressing MAPK-mediated PPARγ signaling. Future studies revealing the anti-adipogenic effects of libanoridin in vivo and elucidating its action mechanism will pave the way for libanoridin to be utilized as a nutraceutical with anti-osteoporotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Karadeniz
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Oh
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
- Nutritional Education, Graduate School of Education, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Soon Jang
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwan Seo
- Division of Convergence on Marine Science, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Suk Kong
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-999-5429
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Ishii M, Ikeda N, Miyata H, Takahashi M, Nishimura M. Purple sweet potato leaf extracts suppress adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14057. [PMID: 35034358 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaf extract (PSPLE) is known to exhibit various biological effects. However, the anti-adipogenic effects of PSPLE on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of PSPLE on the adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow MSCs. PSPLE treatment significantly reduced lipid accumulation and triglyceride levels during adipogenic differentiation. PSPLE suppressed the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα, which are the master transcription factors orchestrating adipogenesis; moreover, it inhibited the expression of adiponectin, adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which are downstream target genes involved in adipogenic differentiation. Furthermore, PSPLE treatment suppressed glucose transporter 4 expression and intracellular glucose uptake and significantly inhibited the adipogenic differentiation induced factor-stimulated Akt signaling activation. These results indicate that PSPLE suppresses the differentiation of undifferentiated MSCs into adipocyte lineages and inhibits the terminal differentiation from preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The increase in the prevalence of obesity worldwide is a problem today. Obesity is induced by an excessive accumulation of adipocytes and causes obesity-related diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Natural compounds derived from plants and fruits have a variety of biological activities and are expected to exert therapeutic effects against various diseases. This study shows that purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaf extract (PSPLE) suppresses adipogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Thus, PSPLE may be a novel functional food for controlling obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Ishii
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Nao Ikeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Haruka Miyata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Manami Takahashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
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Isoliquiritigenin Enhances the Beige Adipocyte Potential of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by JNK Inhibition. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235660. [PMID: 33271769 PMCID: PMC7730955 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) can be isolated from fat tissue and have attracted interest for their potential therapeutic applications in metabolic disease. hASCs can be induced to undergo adipogenic differentiation in vitro by exposure to chemical agents or inductive growth factors. We investigated the effects and mechanism of differentiating hASC-derived white adipocytes into functional beige and brown adipocytes with isoliquiritigenin (ILG) treatment. Here, we showed that hASC-derived white adipocytes could promote brown adipogenesis by expressing both uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and PR/SET Domain 16 (PRDM16) following low-dose ILG treatments. ILG treatment of white adipocytes enhanced the expression of brown fat-specific markers, while the expression levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway proteins were downregulated. Furthermore, we showed that the inhibition of JNK phosphorylation contributed to white adipocyte differentiation into beige adipocytes, which was validated by the use of SP600125. We identified distinct regulatory effects of ILG dose responses and suggested that low-dose ILG induced the beige adipocyte potential of hASCs via JNK inhibition.
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Deng C, Sun Y, Liu H, Wang W, Wang J, Zhang F. Selective adipogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells stimulated with high doses of glucose. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199603. [PMID: 29979705 PMCID: PMC6034828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal tissue damage, accompanied by the degradation and destruction of periodontal tissue collagen, is one of the most clinically common complications and difficulty self-repair in patients with diabetes. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC) are the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells that persist in the periodontal ligament after development of periodontal tissue and the ability of PDLSC osteogenic differentiation is responsible for repairing periodontal tissue defects. However, the reasons of high glucose environment in diabetic patients inhibiting PDLSC to repair periodontal tissues are unclear. To address these issues, we propose exposing PDLSC to high-sugar mimics the diabetic environment and investigating the activity of osteogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation of PDLSC. At the cellular level, high glucose can promote the adipogenic differentiation and inhibit osteogenic differentiation to decrease the self-repair ability of PDLSC in periodontal tissues. Mechanistically at the molecular level, these effects are elicited via regulating the mRNA and protein expression of C/EBPβ, PPAR-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing, China
- School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yi Sun
- School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Hai Liu
- School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jingmen Wang
- School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Feimin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Umbayev B, Masoud AR, Tsoy A, Alimbetov D, Olzhayev F, Shramko A, Kaiyrlykyzy A, Safarova Y, Davis T, Askarova S. Elevated levels of the small GTPase Cdc42 induces senescence in male rat mesenchymal stem cells. Biogerontology 2018; 19:287-301. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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10
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Chaves Neto AH, Brito VGB, Landim de Barros T, do Amaral CCF, Sumida DH, Oliveira SHP. Chronic high glucose and insulin stimulate bone‐marrow stromal cells adipogenic differentiation in young spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6853-6865. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio H. Chaves Neto
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Victor G. B. Brito
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, Programa de Pós‐graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas‐SBFIs, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Thamine Landim de Barros
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, Programa de Pós‐graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas‐SBFIs, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Caril C. F. do Amaral
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, Programa de Pós‐graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas‐SBFIs, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Dóris H. Sumida
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, Programa de Pós‐graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas‐SBFIs, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Sandra H. P. Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, Programa de Pós‐graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas‐SBFIs, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
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Transcriptome analysis of mRNA and microRNAs in intramuscular fat tissues of castrated and intact male Chinese Qinchuan cattle. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185961. [PMID: 29073274 PMCID: PMC5657623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is known to enhance beef palatability and can be markedly increased by castration. However, there is little understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the IMF deposition after castration of beef cattle. We hypothesize that genetic regulators function differently in IMF from bulls and steers. Therefore, after detecting serum testosterone and lipid parameter, as well as the contents of IMF at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, we have investigated differentially expressed (DE) microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs in IMF of bulls and steers at 24 months of age in Qinchuan cattle using next-generation sequencing, and then explored the possible biopathways regulating IMF deposition. Serum testosterone levels were significantly decreased in steers, whereas IMF content, serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TGs) were markedly increased in steers. Comparing the results of steers and bulls, 580 upregulated genes and 1,120 downregulated genes in IMF tissues were identified as DE genes correlated with IMF deposition. The upregulated genes were mainly associated with lipid metabolism, lipogenesis and fatty acid transportation signalling pathways, and the downregulated genes were correlated with immune response and intracellular signal transduction. Concurrently, the DE miRNAs—important players in adipose tissue accumulation induced by castration—were also examined in IMF tissues; 52 DE miRNAs were identified. The expression profiles of selected genes and miRNAs were also confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays. Using integrated analysis, we constructed the microRNA-target regulatory network which was supported by target validation using the dual luciferase reporter system. Moreover, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software was used to construct a molecular interaction network that could be involved in regulating IMF after castration. The detected molecular network is closely associated with lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation, which is supported by functional identification results of bta-let-7i on bovine preadipocytes. These results provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of the IMF phenotype differences between steers and bulls.
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12
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Constitutive activation of p46JNK2 is indispensable for C/EBPδ induction in the initial stage of adipogenic differentiation. Biochem J 2017; 474:3421-3437. [PMID: 28887384 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Adipogenic differentiation plays a vital role in energy homeostasis and endocrine system. Several transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α, β, and δ, are important for the process, whereas the stage-specific intracellular signal transduction regulating the onset of adipogenesis remains enigmatic. Here, we explored the functional role of c-jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) in adipogenic differentiation using in vitro differentiation models of 3T3-L1 cells and primary adipo-progenitor cells. JNK inactivation with either a pharmacological inhibitor or JNK2-specific siRNA suppressed adipogenic differentiation, characterized by decreased lipid droplet appearance and the down-regulation of Adiponectin, fatty acid protein 4 (Fabp4), Pparg2, and C/ebpa expressions. Conversely, increased adipogenesis was observed by the inducible overexpression of p46JNK2 (JNK2-1), whereas it was not observed by that of p54JNK2 (JNK2-2), indicating a distinct role of p46JNK2. The essential role of JNK appears restricted to the early stage of adipogenic differentiation, as JNK inhibition in the later stages did not influence adipogenesis. Indeed, JNK phosphorylation was significantly induced at the onset of adipogenic differentiation. As for the transcription factors involved in early adipogenesis, JNK inactivation significantly inhibited the induction of C/ebpd, but not C/ebpb, during the initial stage of adipogenic differentiation. JNK activation increased C/ebpd mRNA and protein expression through the induction and phosphorylation of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) that binds to a responsive element within the C/ebpd gene promoter region. Taken together, these data indicate that constitutive JNK activity is specifically required for the initial stage differentiation events of adipocytes.
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13
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IGFBP2 enhances adipogenic differentiation potentials of mesenchymal stem cells from Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord via JNK and Akt signaling pathways. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184182. [PMID: 28859160 PMCID: PMC5578624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated tissue engineering represents a promising strategy to address adipose tissue defects. MSCs derived from Wharton’s jelly of the umbilical cord (WJCMSCs) may serve as an ideal source for adipose tissue engineering due to their abundance, safety profile, and accessibility. How to activate the directed differentiation potentials of WJCMSCs is the core point for their clinical applications. A thorough investigation of mechanisms involved in WJCMSC adipogenic differentiation is necessary to support their application in adipose tissue engineering and address shortcomings. Previous study showed, compared with periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), WJCMSCs had a weakened adipogenic differentiation potentials and lower expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2). IGFBP2 may be involved in the adipogenesis of MSCs. Generally, IGFBP2 is involved in regulating biological activity of insulin-like growth factors, however, its functions in human MSCs are unclear. Here, we found IGFBP2 expression was upregulated upon adipogenic induction, and that IGFBP2 enhanced adipogenic differentiation of WJCMSCs and BMSCs. Moreover, IGFBP2 increased phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) and p-Akt, and activated JNK or Akt signaling significantly promoted adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Furthermore, inhibitor-mediated blockage of either JNK or Akt signaling dramatically reduced IGFBP2-mediated adipogenic differentiation. And the JNK inhibitor, SP600125 markedly blocked IGFBP2-mediated Akt activation. Moreover, IGFBP2 was negatively regulated by BCOR, which inhibited adipogenic differentiation of WJCMSCs. Overall, our results reveal a new function of IGFBP2, providing a novel insight into the mechanism of adipogenic differentiation and identifying a potential target mediator for improving adipose tissue engineering based on WJCMSCs.
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14
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Lai PL, Lin H, Chen SF, Yang SC, Hung KH, Chang CF, Chang HY, Lu FL, Lee YH, Liu YC, Huang HC, Lu J. Efficient Generation of Chemically Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44534. [PMID: 28303927 PMCID: PMC5356011 DOI: 10.1038/srep44534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent and currently undergoing hundreds of clinical trials for disease treatments. To date, no studies have generated induced MSCs from skin fibroblasts with chemicals or growth factors. Here, we established the first chemical method to convert primary human dermal fibroblasts into multipotent, induced MSC-like cells (iMSCs). The conversion method uses a defined cocktail of small molecules and growth factors, and it can achieve efficient conversion with an average rate of 38% in 6 days. The iMSCs have much higher clonogenicity than fibroblasts, and they can be maintained and expanded in regular MSC medium for at least 8 passages and further differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. Moreover, the iMSCs can suppress LPS-mediated acute lung injury as effectively as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. This finding may greatly benefit stem cell biology, cell therapy, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun Lai
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Fu Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Kuo-Hsuan Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsiang-Yi Chang
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Frank Leigh Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lee
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Liu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chun Huang
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jean Lu
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,National RNAi Platform/National Core Facility Program for Biotechnology, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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15
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Tiaden AN, Bahrenberg G, Mirsaidi A, Glanz S, Blüher M, Richards PJ. Novel Function of Serine Protease HTRA1 in Inhibiting Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells via MAP Kinase-Mediated MMP Upregulation. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1601-14. [PMID: 26864869 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is the process by which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) develop into lipid-laden adipocytes. Being the dominant cell type within adipose tissue, adipocytes play a central role in regulating circulating fatty acid levels, which is considered to be of critical importance in maintaining insulin sensitivity. High temperature requirement protease A1 (HTRA1) is a newly recognized regulator of MSC differentiation, although its role as a mediator of adipogenesis has not yet been defined. The aim of this work was therefore to evaluate HTRA1's influence on human MSC (hMSC) adipogenesis and to establish a potential mode of action. We report that the addition of exogenous HTRA1 to hMSCs undergoing adipogenesis suppressed their ability to develop into lipid laden adipocytes. These effects were demonstrated as being reliant on both its protease and PDZ domain, and were mediated through the actions of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The relevance of such findings with regards to HTRA1's potential influence on adipocyte function in vivo is made evident by the fact that HTRA1 and MMP-13 were readily identifiable within crown-like structures present in visceral adipose tissue samples from insulin resistant obese human subjects. These data therefore implicate HTRA1 as a negative regulator of MSC adipogenesis and are suggestive of its potential involvement in adipose tissue remodeling under pathological conditions. Stem Cells 2016;34:1601-1614.
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Affiliation(s)
- André N Tiaden
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Bahrenberg
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ali Mirsaidi
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Glanz
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology and Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter J Richards
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2015; 339:112-21. [PMID: 26272544 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although previous studies have characterized the osteogenic potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) in vitro and in vivo, the molecular mechanism involved remains to be fully determined. Previously, we demonstrated that the ERK pathway plays an important role in osteogenesis and regulation of the balance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis. Here, we explored the possible role of JNKs in osteogenesis and adipogenesis of AMSCs. JNK activation in osteo-induced AMSCs was initiated at 15 min, peaked at 30 min, and declined from 45 min to basal levels. Inhibition of the JNK signaling pathway using SP600125 blocked osteogenic differentiation in a dose-dependent manner, which was revealed by an ALP activity assay, extracellular calcium deposition detection, and expression of osteogenesis-relative genes (Runx2, ALP, and OCN) via RT-PCR and real-time PCR. However, blockage of JNK did not induce a switch between osteogenesis and adipogenesis of AMSCs in the presence of dexamethasone, which is different from that of blockage of ERK. Significantly, the blockage of JNK activation in adipo-induced AMSCs by SP600125 stimulated adipogenic differentiation, which was confirmed by Oil Red O staining to detect intracellular lipid droplets, and RT-PCR and real-time PCR analysis for expression of adipogenesis-relative genes (PPARγ2 and aP2). This study suggested a potential function of the JNK pathway in committing osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of AMSCs in vitro. However, blockage of the JNK pathway is not sufficient to induce a switch from osteogenesis to adipogenesis of AMSCs.
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17
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Lee JE, Kim JM, Jang HJ, Lim SY, Choi SJ, Lee NH, Suh PG, Choi UK. Propyl gallate inhibits adipogenesis by stimulating extracellular signal-related kinases in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Cells 2015; 38:336-42. [PMID: 25813451 PMCID: PMC4400308 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Propyl gallate (PG) used as an additive in various foods has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Although the functional roles of PG in various cell types are well characterized, it is unknown whether PG has effect on stem cell differentiation. In this study, we demonstrated that PG could inhibit adipogenic differentiation in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) by decreasing the accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets. In addition, PG significantly reduced the expression of adipocyte-specific markers including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein 2 (aP2). PG inhibited adipogenesis in hAMSCs through extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Decreased adipogenesis following PG treatment was recovered in response to ERK blocking. Taken together, these results suggest a novel effect of PG on adipocyte differentiation in hAMSCs, supporting a negative role of ERK1/2 pathway in adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeung-Eun Lee
- School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798,
Korea
| | - Jung-Min Kim
- School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798,
Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798,
Korea
- Division of Molecular and Life sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang,
Korea
| | - Se-young Lim
- School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798,
Korea
| | - Seon-Jeong Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungbuk 368-701,
Korea
| | - Nan-Hee Lee
- Department of Food Nutrition and Cook, Daegu Science University, Daegu 702-723,
Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798,
Korea
| | - Ung-Kyu Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungbuk 368-701,
Korea
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18
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Du L, Fan H, Miao H, Zhao G, Hou Y. Extremely low frequency magnetic fields inhibit adipogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2014; 35:519-30. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.21873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Division of Immunology; Medical School; Nanjing University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Hongye Fan
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Division of Immunology; Medical School; Nanjing University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Huishuang Miao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Division of Immunology; Medical School; Nanjing University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Guangfeng Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital; Nanjing University Medical School; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Division of Immunology; Medical School; Nanjing University; Nanjing P.R. China
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19
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Identification of the NF-κB inhibitor A20 as a key regulator for human adipogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e972. [PMID: 24357803 PMCID: PMC3877564 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The zinc-finger protein A20 is a key player in the negative feedback regulation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cell (NF-κB) pathway in response to multiple stimuli. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), a cytokine with pleiotropic effects on cellular proliferation and differentiation, dramatically increases A20 expression in all tissues. As TNFα inhibits adipocyte differentiation, we have determined the contribution of A20 to the adipogenic capacity of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Here we show that A20 is constitutively expressed in MSCs, which previously has been observed only in cells that are either tumor or immune cells (T/B lymphocytes). TNFα stimulation induced a rapid degradation of A20 protein mediated exclusively by the proteasome in MSCs and not by caspases. This degradation is concomitant to the induction of its own mRNA, which suggests that a tight regulation of NF-κB signaling in MSCs is fundamental. On one hand, we demonstrate that the knockdown of A20-mediated transcript dramatically decreases the adipogenic capacity of MSCs, which correlates with the phenotype observed in the presence of TNFα. On the other hand, A20 overexpression blocks NF-κB activation and drives to increased adipogenesis, even in the presence of TNFα treatment. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the presence of A20 allows MSCs to differentiate into adipocytes by maintaining NF-κB signaling at a basal state.
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20
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Kang M, Yan LM, Zhang WY, Li YM, Tang AZ, Ou HS. Role of microRNA-21 in regulating 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin expression. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5027-34. [PMID: 23793828 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2603-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are endogenous small RNAs with a high degree of conservation, participating in a variety of vital activities. In present study, to explore the effect of microRNAs on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin expression, the adipo-related microRNAs were screened and identified by micorRNA microarray. The highly expression plasmid of microRNA-21 with obvious expression up-regulation (miR-21) and its anti-sense (miR-21 inhibitor) were constructed and transfected into 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The effect of miR-21 on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation was observed, and the protein and mRNA expression level of adiponectin and AP-1 were analyzed. Results showed that, the expression profiles of microRNAs significantly changed during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. The expression of miR-21 was obviously up-regulated. miR-21 could significantly promote adipocyte differentiation, increase adiponectin mRNA and protein expression, while decrease AP-1 protein level. Meanwhil, miR-21 inhibitor blocked the effects of miR-21 mentioned above. The overexpression of AP-1 could absolutely reverse the stimulatory effect of miR-21 on adiponectin. miR-21 plays an important role in regulating adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin expression by inhibiting AP-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kang
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
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21
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Lim S, Jang H, Park EH, Kim JK, Kim J, Kim E, Yea K, Kim Y, Lee‐Kwon W, Ryu SH, Suh P. Wedelolactone inhibits adipogenesis through the ERK pathway in human adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:3436-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Lim
- School of Nano‐Bioscience & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun‐Jun Jang
- School of Nano‐Bioscience & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Park
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kuk Kim
- School of Nano‐Bioscience & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung‐Min Kim
- School of Nano‐Bioscience & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung‐Kyun Kim
- School of Nano‐Bioscience & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmoo Yea
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun‐Hee Kim
- Molecular Imaging & Therapy Branch, Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Whaseon Lee‐Kwon
- School of Nano‐Bioscience & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Ryu
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann‐Ghill Suh
- School of Nano‐Bioscience & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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22
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Minamizaki T, Yoshiko Y, Yoshioka H, Kozai K, Aubin JE, Maeda N. The EP4-ERK-dependent pathway stimulates osteo-adipogenic progenitor proliferation resulting in increased adipogenesis in fetal rat calvaria cell cultures. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2012; 97:97-102. [PMID: 22265865 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that fetal rat calvaria (RC) cells are osteo-adipogenic bipotential and that PGE(2) receptors EP2 and EP4 are involved in bone nodule formation via both common and distinct MAPK pathways in RC cell cultures. Because PGE(2) participates in multiple biological processes including adipogenesis, it is of interest to determine the additional role(s) of PGE(2) in RC cells. PGE(2) increased the number of adipocyte colonies when RC cells were treated during proliferation but not other development stages. Of four EP agonists tested, the EP4 agonist ONO-AE1-437 (EP4A) was the most effective in promoting adipogenesis. Concomitantly, EP4A increased the number of cells with BrdU labeling and gene expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)δ and c-fos but not peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 and C/EBPα. Amongst MAPK inhibitors, U0126, an inhibitor of MEK1/2, abrogated the EP4A-dependent effects. Our results suggest that the PGE(2)-EP4-ERK pathway increases the number of osteo-adipogenic bipotential progenitor cells, with a resultant increase in adipogenesis in RC cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Minamizaki
- Department of Oral Growth and Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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23
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Waki H, Nakamura M, Yamauchi T, Wakabayashi KI, Yu J, Hirose-Yotsuya L, Take K, Sun W, Iwabu M, Okada-Iwabu M, Fujita T, Aoyama T, Tsutsumi S, Ueki K, Kodama T, Sakai J, Aburatani H, Kadowaki T. Global mapping of cell type-specific open chromatin by FAIRE-seq reveals the regulatory role of the NFI family in adipocyte differentiation. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002311. [PMID: 22028663 PMCID: PMC3197683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of regulatory elements within the genome is crucial for understanding the mechanisms that govern cell type-specific gene expression. We generated genome-wide maps of open chromatin sites in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (on day 0 and day 8 of differentiation) and NIH-3T3 fibroblasts using formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements coupled with high-throughput sequencing (FAIRE-seq). FAIRE peaks at the promoter were associated with active transcription and histone modifications of H3K4me3 and H3K27ac. Non-promoter FAIRE peaks were characterized by H3K4me1+/me3-, the signature of enhancers, and were largely located in distal regions. The non-promoter FAIRE peaks showed dynamic change during differentiation, while the promoter FAIRE peaks were relatively constant. Functionally, the adipocyte- and preadipocyte-specific non-promoter FAIRE peaks were, respectively, associated with genes up-regulated and down-regulated by differentiation. Genes highly up-regulated during differentiation were associated with multiple clustered adipocyte-specific FAIRE peaks. Among the adipocyte-specific FAIRE peaks, 45.3% and 11.7% overlapped binding sites for, respectively, PPARγ and C/EBPα, the master regulators of adipocyte differentiation. Computational motif analyses of the adipocyte-specific FAIRE peaks revealed enrichment of a binding motif for nuclear family I (NFI) transcription factors. Indeed, ChIP assay showed that NFI occupy the adipocyte-specific FAIRE peaks and/or the PPARγ binding sites near PPARγ, C/EBPα, and aP2 genes. Overexpression of NFIA in 3T3-L1 cells resulted in robust induction of these genes and lipid droplet formation without differentiation stimulus. Overexpression of dominant-negative NFIA or siRNA-mediated knockdown of NFIA or NFIB significantly suppressed both induction of genes and lipid accumulation during differentiation, suggesting a physiological function of these factors in the adipogenic program. Together, our study demonstrates the utility of FAIRE-seq in providing a global view of cell type-specific regulatory elements in the genome and in identifying transcriptional regulators of adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Waki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Functional Regulation of Adipocytes, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamura
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (T Kadowaki); (H Aburatani); (J Sakai); (T Yamauchi)
| | - Ken-ichi Wakabayashi
- Genome Science Division, Laboratory of Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lisa Hirose-Yotsuya
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Take
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Iwabu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Integrated Molecular Science on Metabolic Diseases, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Okada-Iwabu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Molecular Medicinal Sciences on Metabolic Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Fujita
- Genome Science Division, Laboratory of Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Aoyama
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsutsumi
- Genome Science Division, Laboratory of Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Ueki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Systems Biology and Medicine Division, Laboratory of Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juro Sakai
- Metabolic Medicine Division, Laboratory of Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (T Kadowaki); (H Aburatani); (J Sakai); (T Yamauchi)
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Laboratory of Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (T Kadowaki); (H Aburatani); (J Sakai); (T Yamauchi)
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (T Kadowaki); (H Aburatani); (J Sakai); (T Yamauchi)
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Qiu W, Chen L, Kassem M. Activation of non-canonical Wnt/JNK pathway by Wnt3a is associated with differentiation fate determination of human bone marrow stromal (mesenchymal) stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 413:98-104. [PMID: 21875572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The canonical Wnt signaling pathway can determine human bone marrow stromal (mesenchymal) stem cell (hMSC) differentiation fate into osteoblast or adipocyte lineages. However, its downstream targets in MSC are not well characterized. Thus, using DNA microarrays, we compared global gene expression patterns induced by Wnt3a treatment in two hMSC lines: hMSC-LRP5(T253) and hMSC-LRP5(T244) cells carrying known mutations of Wnt co-receptor LRP5 (T253I or T244M) that either enhances or represses canonical Wnt signaling, respectively. Wnt3a treatment of hMSC activated not only canonical Wnt signaling, but also the non-canonical Wnt/JNK pathway through upregulation of several non-canonical Wnt components e.g. naked cuticle 1 homolog (NKD1) and WNT11. Activation of the non-canonical Wnt/JNK pathway by anisomycin enhanced osteoblast differentiation whereas its inhibition by SP600125 enhanced adipocyte differentiation of hMSC. In conclusion, canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling cooperate in determining MSC differentiation fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Qiu
- Laboratory for Molecular Endocrinology (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital of Odense, Odense C, Denmark
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25
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Lim S, Jang HJ, Kim JK, Kim JM, Park EH, Yang JH, Kim YH, Yea K, Ryu SH, Suh PG. Ochratoxin A Inhibits Adipogenesis Through the Extracellular Signal-Related Kinases–Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Pathway in Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 20:415-26. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Lim
- BioSignal Network Laboratory, School of Nano-Biotechnology & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- BioSignal Network Laboratory, School of Nano-Biotechnology & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kuk Kim
- BioSignal Network Laboratory, School of Nano-Biotechnology & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Kim
- BioSignal Network Laboratory, School of Nano-Biotechnology & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Park
- BioSignal Network Laboratory, School of Nano-Biotechnology & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Yang
- BioSignal Network Laboratory, School of Nano-Biotechnology & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmoo Yea
- Burnham Institute for Medical Research, Orlando, Florida
| | - Sung Ho Ryu
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- BioSignal Network Laboratory, School of Nano-Biotechnology & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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26
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Kilian KA, Bugarija B, Lahn BT, Mrksich M. Geometric cues for directing the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:4872-7. [PMID: 20194780 PMCID: PMC2841932 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0903269107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1315] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant efforts have been directed to understanding the factors that influence the lineage commitment of stem cells. This paper demonstrates that cell shape, independent of soluble factors, has a strong influence on the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow. When exposed to competing soluble differentiation signals, cells cultured in rectangles with increasing aspect ratio and in shapes with pentagonal symmetry but with different subcellular curvature-and with each occupying the same area-display different adipogenesis and osteogenesis profiles. The results reveal that geometric features that increase actomyosin contractility promote osteogenesis and are consistent with in vivo characteristics of the microenvironment of the differentiated cells. Cytoskeletal-disrupting pharmacological agents modulate shape-based trends in lineage commitment verifying the critical role of focal adhesion and myosin-generated contractility during differentiation. Microarray analysis and pathway inhibition studies suggest that contractile cells promote osteogenesis by enhancing c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular related kinase (ERK1/2) activation in conjunction with elevated wingless-type (Wnt) signaling. Taken together, this work points to the role that geometric shape cues can play in orchestrating the mechanochemical signals and paracrine/autocrine factors that can direct MSCs to appropriate fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher A. Kilian
- Department of Chemistry
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Branimir Bugarija
- Department of Human Genetics, and
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Bruce T. Lahn
- Department of Human Genetics, and
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Department of Chemistry
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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27
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Bilkovski R, Schulte DM, Oberhauser F, Gomolka M, Udelhoven M, Hettich MM, Roth B, Heidenreich A, Gutschow C, Krone W, Laudes M. Role of WNT-5a in the determination of human mesenchymal stem cells into preadipocytes. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:6170-8. [PMID: 20032469 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.054338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing adipocyte size as well as numbers is important in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes, with adipocytes being generated from mesenchymal precursor cells. This process includes the determination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) into preadipocytes (PA) and the differentiation of PA into mature fat cells. Although the process of differentiation has been highly investigated, the determination in humans is poorly understood. In this study, we compared human MSC and human committed PA on a cellular and molecular level to gain further insights into the regulatory mechanisms in the determination process. Both cell types showed similar morphology and expression patterns of common mesenchymal and hematopoietic surface markers. However, although MSC were able to differentiate into adipocytes and osteocytes, PA were only able to undergo adipogenesis, indicating that PA lost their multipotency during determination. WNT-5a expression showed significantly higher levels in MSC compared with PA suggesting that WNT-5a down-regulation might be important in the determination process. Indeed, incubation of human MSC in medium containing neutralizing WNT-5a antibodies abolished their ability to undergo osteogenesis, although adipogenesis was still possible. An opposite effect was achieved using recombinant WNT-5a protein. On a molecular level, WNT-5a was found to promote c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent intracellular signaling in MSC. Activation of this noncanonical pathway resulted in the induction of osteopontin expression further indicating pro-osteogenic effects of WNT-5a. Our data suggest that WNT-5a is necessary to maintain osteogenic potential of MSC and that inhibition of WNT-5a signaling therefore plays a role in their determination into PA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bilkovski
- Department of Internal Medicine II and Centre of Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Köln, Germany
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28
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Kim J, Choi YS, Lim S, Yea K, Yoon JH, Jun DJ, Ha SH, Kim JW, Kim JH, Suh PG, Ryu SH, Lee TG. Comparative analysis of the secretory proteome of human adipose stromal vascular fraction cells during adipogenesis. Proteomics 2009; 10:394-405. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Ahn HJ, Lee WJ, Kwack K, Kwon YD. FGF2 stimulates the proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells through the transient activation of JNK signaling. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:2922-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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30
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The cJun kinase inhibitor SP600125 stimulates expression of PPARγ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the HIB-1B brown fat preadipocyte cell line. Proc Nutr Soc 2008. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665108000670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Yu W, Chen Z, Zhang J, Zhang L, Ke H, Huang L, Peng Y, Zhang X, Li S, Lahn BT, Xiang AP. Critical role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade in adipogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 310:11-8. [PMID: 18060476 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-007-9661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells capable of differentiating into adipocytes in the presence of a hormone cocktail. These cells thus provide a promising model for studying the early events of adipogenesis. Here, we examine the involvement of the PI3K/Akt and mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathways in human MSC adipogenesis. We found that the two pathways were strongly activated with a similar temporal profile under the adipogenesis-inducing hormone cocktail and this activation could be blocked by LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K. Furthermore, rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mTOR, blocked the activation of mTOR/p70S6K but not PI3K/Akt. Both LY294002 and rapamycin severely suppressed lipid accumulation, as well as the expression of adipogenic markers, including PPAR gamma 2 and C/EBP alpha, two master adipogenic transcription factors. Together, these data indicate that the mTOR/p70S6K pathway acts downstream of the PI3K/Akt pathway in mediating the adipogenic conversion of MSCs. In conclusion, our data suggest that the PI3K/Akt and mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathways are essential for adipogenesis of human MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Yu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
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Abstract
Dyslipidemia and insulin resistance are commonly associated with catabolic or lipodystrophic conditions (such as cancer and sepsis) and with pathological states of nutritional overload (such as obesity-related type 2 diabetes). Two common features of these metabolic disorders are adipose tissue dysfunction and elevated levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Herein, we review the multiple actions of this pro-inflammatory adipokine on adipose tissue biology. These include inhibition of carbohydrate metabolism, lipogenesis, adipogenesis and thermogenesis and stimulation of lipolysis. TNF-alpha can also impact the endocrine functions of adipose tissue. Taken together, TNF-alpha contributes to metabolic dysregulation by impairing both adipose tissue function and its ability to store excess fuel. The molecular mechanisms that underlie these actions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Cawthorn
- Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Mariani O, Brennetot C, Coindre JM, Gruel N, Ganem C, Delattre O, Stern MH, Aurias A. JUN oncogene amplification and overexpression block adipocytic differentiation in highly aggressive sarcomas. Cancer Cell 2007; 11:361-74. [PMID: 17418412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2006] [Revised: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The human oncogene JUN encodes a component of the AP-1 complex and is consequently involved in a wide range of pivotal cellular processes, including cell proliferation, transformation, and apoptosis. Nevertheless, despite extensive analyses of its functions, it has never been directly involved in a human cancer. We demonstrate here that it is highly amplified and overexpressed in undifferentiated and aggressive human sarcomas, which are blocked at an early step of adipocyte differentiation. We confirm by cellular and xenograft mouse models recapitulating these sarcoma genetics that the failure to differentiate is dependent upon JUN amplification/overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odette Mariani
- Institut Curie, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France; INSERM U830, F-75005 Paris, France
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34
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Chansard M, Iwahana E, Liang J, Fukuhara C. Regulation of cAMP-induced arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, Period1, and MKP-1 gene expression by mitogen-activated protein kinases in the rat pineal gland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 139:333-40. [PMID: 16024134 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbrainres.2005.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Revised: 05/31/2005] [Accepted: 06/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In rodent pineal glands, sympathetic innervation, which leads to norepinephrine release, is a key process in the circadian regulation of physiology and certain gene expressions. It has been shown that gene expression of the rate-limiting enzyme in the melatonin synthesis arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (Aa-Nat), circadian clock gene Period1, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphtase-1 (MKP-1), is controlled mainly by a norepinephrine-beta-adrenergic receptor-cAMP signaling cascade in the rat pineal gland. To further dissect the signaling cascades that regulate those gene expressions, we examined whether MAPKs are involved in cAMP-induced gene expression. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses showed that one of the three MAPKs, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), was expressed in the pineal, and was phosphorylated by cAMP analogue stimulation with a peak 20 min after start of the stimulation, in vitro. A specific JNK inhibitor SP600125 (Anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one1,9-pyrazoloanthrone), but not its negative control (N1-Methyl-1,9-pyrazoloanthrone), significantly reduced cAMP-stimulated Aa-Nat, Period1, and MKP-1 mRNA levels. Although another MAPK, p38(MAPK), has also been shown to be activated by cAMP stimulation, a p38(MAPK) inhibitor, SB203580 (4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)1H-imidazole, HCl), showed no effect on cAMP-induced Aa-Nat and Period1 mRNA levels; whereas SB203580, but not its negative analogue SB202474 (4-Ethyl-2(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-(4'-pyridyl)-IH-imidazole, DiHCl), significantly reduced cAMP-induced MKP-1 mRNA levels. Taken together, our data suggest that cAMP-induced Aa-Nat and Period1 are likely to be mediated by activation of JNK, whereas MKP-1 may be mediated by both p38(MAPK) and JNK activations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Chansard
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, SW, Atlanta, GA 30310-1495, USA
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