1
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Stier A, Gilberto S, Mohamed WI, Royall LN, Helenius J, Mikicic I, Sajic T, Beli P, Müller DJ, Jessberger S, Peter M. The CUL4B-based E3 ubiquitin ligase regulates mitosis and brain development by recruiting phospho-specific DCAFs. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112847. [PMID: 37365982 PMCID: PMC10476281 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The paralogs CUL4A and CUL4B assemble cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complexes regulating multiple chromatin-associated cellular functions. Although they are structurally similar, we found that the unique N-terminal extension of CUL4B is heavily phosphorylated during mitosis, and the phosphorylation pattern is perturbed in the CUL4B-P50L mutation causing X-linked intellectual disability (XLID). Phenotypic characterization and mutational analysis revealed that CUL4B phosphorylation is required for efficient progression through mitosis, controlling spindle positioning and cortical tension. While CUL4B phosphorylation triggers chromatin exclusion, it promotes binding to actin regulators and to two previously unrecognized CUL4B-specific substrate receptors (DCAFs), LIS1 and WDR1. Indeed, co-immunoprecipitation experiments and biochemical analysis revealed that LIS1 and WDR1 interact with DDB1, and their binding is enhanced by the phosphorylated N-terminal domain of CUL4B. Finally, a human forebrain organoid model demonstrated that CUL4B is required to develop stable ventricular structures that correlate with onset of forebrain differentiation. Together, our study uncovers previously unrecognized DCAFs relevant for mitosis and brain development that specifically bind CUL4B, but not the CUL4B-P50L patient mutant, by a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stier
- Institute of BiochemistryETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Samuel Gilberto
- Institute of BiochemistryETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Present address:
Monte Rosa TherapeuticsBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Lars N Royall
- Brain Research InstituteUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jonne Helenius
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH ZurichBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Tatjana Sajic
- Institute of Molecular Systems BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Present address:
Faculty Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Faculty of Biology and MedicineUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Petra Beli
- Institute of Molecular BiologyMainzGermany
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology (IDN)Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH ZurichBaselSwitzerland
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2
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Podvin S, Jones A, Liu Q, Aulston B, Mosier C, Ames J, Winston C, Lietz CB, Jiang Z, O’Donoghue AJ, Ikezu T, Rissman RA, Yuan SH, Hook V. Mutant Presenilin 1 Dysregulates Exosomal Proteome Cargo Produced by Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Neurons. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:13033-13056. [PMID: 34056454 PMCID: PMC8158845 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation and propagation of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-Tau) is a neuropathological hallmark occurring with neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Extracellular vesicles, exosomes, have been shown to initiate tau propagation in the brain. Notably, exosomes from human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) neurons expressing the AD familial A246E mutant form of presenilin 1 (mPS1) are capable of inducing tau deposits in the mouse brain after in vivo injection. To gain insights into the exosome proteome cargo that participates in propagating tau pathology, this study conducted proteomic analysis of exosomes produced by human iPSC neurons expressing A246E mPS1. Significantly, mPS1 altered the profile of exosome cargo proteins to result in (1) proteins present only in mPS1 exosomes and not in controls, (2) the absence of proteins in the mPS1 exosomes which were present only in controls, and (3) shared proteins which were upregulated or downregulated in the mPS1 exosomes compared to controls. These results show that mPS1 dysregulates the proteome cargo of exosomes to result in the acquisition of proteins involved in the extracellular matrix and protease functions, deletion of proteins involved in RNA and protein translation systems along with proteasome and related functions, combined with the upregulation and downregulation of shared proteins, including the upregulation of amyloid precursor protein. Notably, mPS1 neuron-derived exosomes displayed altered profiles of protein phosphatases and kinases involved in regulating the status of p-tau. The dysregulation of exosome cargo proteins by mPS1 may be associated with the ability of mPS1 neuron-derived exosomes to propagate tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Podvin
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Alexander Jones
- Biomedical
Sciences Graduate Program, University of
California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Qing Liu
- Department
of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Brent Aulston
- Department
of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Charles Mosier
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Janneca Ames
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Charisse Winston
- Department
of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Christopher B. Lietz
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Zhenze Jiang
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Anthony J. O’Donoghue
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Department
of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology,
Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston 02118, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department
of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
- Veterans
Affairs San Diego Healthcare System,
La Jolla, San Diego 92161, California, United States
| | - Shauna H. Yuan
- Department
of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
| | - Vivian Hook
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
- Biomedical
Sciences Graduate Program, University of
California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
- Department
of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, California, United States
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3
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Kelkar M, Bohec P, Charras G. Mechanics of the cellular actin cortex: From signalling to shape change. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 66:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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4
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Taubenberger AV, Baum B, Matthews HK. The Mechanics of Mitotic Cell Rounding. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:687. [PMID: 32850812 PMCID: PMC7423972 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
When animal cells enter mitosis, they round up to become spherical. This shape change is accompanied by changes in mechanical properties. Multiple studies using different measurement methods have revealed that cell surface tension, intracellular pressure and cortical stiffness increase upon entry into mitosis. These cell-scale, biophysical changes are driven by alterations in the composition and architecture of the contractile acto-myosin cortex together with osmotic swelling and enable a mitotic cell to exert force against the environment. When the ability of cells to round is limited, for example by physical confinement, cells suffer severe defects in spindle assembly and cell division. The requirement to push against the environment to create space for spindle formation is especially important for cells dividing in tissues. Here we summarize the evidence and the tools used to show that cells exert rounding forces in mitosis in vitro and in vivo, review the molecular basis for this force generation and discuss its function for ensuring successful cell division in single cells and for cells dividing in normal or diseased tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V. Taubenberger
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Buzz Baum
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen K. Matthews
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Jin ZL, Yao XR, Wen L, Hao G, Kwon JW, Hao J, Kim NH. AIP1 and Cofilin control the actin dynamics to modulate the asymmetric division and cytokinesis in mouse oocytes. FASEB J 2020; 34:11292-11306. [PMID: 32602619 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000093r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Actin-interacting protein 1 (AIP1), also known as WD repeat-containing protein 1 (WDR1), is ubiquitous in eukaryotic organisms, and it plays critical roles in the dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. However, the biological function and mechanism of AIP1 in mammalian oocyte maturation is still largely unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that AIP1 boosts ADF/Cofilin activity in mouse oocytes. AIP1 is primarily distributed around the spindle region during oocyte maturation, and its depletion impairs meiotic spindle migration and asymmetric division. The knockdown of AIP1 resulted in the gathering of a large number of actin-positive patches around the spindle region. This effect was reduced by human AIP1 (hAIP1) or Cofilin (S3A) expression. AIP1 knockdown also reduced the phosphorylation of Cofilin near the spindle, indicating that AIP1 interacts with ADF/Cofilin-decorated actin filaments and enhances filament disassembly. Moreover, the deletion of AIP1 disrupts Cofilin localization in metaphase I (MI) and induces cytokinesis defects in metaphase II (MII). Taken together, our results provide evidence that AIP1 promotes actin dynamics and cytokinesis via Cofilin in the gametes of female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Long Jin
- School of Biotechnology and Healthcare, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Xue-Rui Yao
- School of Biotechnology and Healthcare, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Liu Wen
- School of Biotechnology and Healthcare, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Guo Hao
- School of Biotechnology and Healthcare, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Kwon
- School of Biotechnology and Healthcare, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Jiang Hao
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- School of Biotechnology and Healthcare, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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6
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WD repeat-containing protein 1 maintains β-Catenin activity to promote pancreatic cancer aggressiveness. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1012-1023. [PMID: 32601462 PMCID: PMC7492282 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0929-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular signature underlying pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression may include key proteins affecting the malignant phenotypes. Here, we aimed to identify the proteins implicated in PDAC with different tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) stages. Methods Eight-plex isobaric tags coupled with two-dimensional liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry were used to analyse the proteome of PDAC tissues with different TNM stages. A loss-of-function study was performed to evaluate the oncogenic roles of WD repeat-containing protein 1 (WDR1) in PDAC. The molecular mechanism by which WDR1 promotes PDAC progression was studied by real-time qPCR, Western blotting, proximity ligation assay and co-immunoprecipitation. Results A total of 5036 proteins were identified, and 4708 proteins were quantified with high confidence. Compared with normal pancreatic tissues, 37 proteins were changed significantly in PDAC tissues of different stages. Moreover, 64 proteins were upregulated or downregulated in a stepwise manner as the TNM stages of PDAC increased, and 10 proteins were related to tumorigenesis. The functionally uncharacterised protein, WDR1, was highly expressed in PDAC and predicted a poor prognosis. WDR1 knockdown suppressed PDAC tumour growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, WDR1 knockdown repressed the activity of the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway; ectopic expression of a stabilised form of β-Catenin restored the suppressive effects of WDR1 knockdown. Mechanistically, WDR1 interacted with USP7 to prevent ubiquitination-mediated degradation of β-Catenin. Conclusion Our study identifies several previous functional unknown proteins implicated in the progression of PDAC, and provides new insight into the oncogenic roles of WDR1 in PDAC development.
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7
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De Meyer F, Eeckhaut V, Ducatelle R, Dhaenens M, Daled S, Dedeurwaerder A, De Gussem M, Haesebrouck F, Deforce D, Van Immerseel F. Host intestinal biomarker identification in a gut leakage model in broilers. Vet Res 2019; 50:46. [PMID: 31215487 PMCID: PMC6582533 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal health problems are a major issue in the poultry industry. Quantifiable easy-to-measure biomarkers for intestinal health would be of great value to monitor subclinical intestinal entities that cause performance problems and to evaluate control methods for intestinal health. The aim of the study was to identify host protein biomarkers for intestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier damage. Proteomic analysis was conducted on ileal and colonic content samples of broilers under an experimental gut damage and inflammation model. Effects of the challenge treatment resulted in a worse gut condition based on macroscopic gut appearance (p < 0.0001). Also microscopic changes such as shortening of the villi and increased crypt depth (p < 0.0001) as well as higher infiltration of T-lymphocytes (p < 0.0001) were seen in the duodenal tissue of challenged animals. Several candidate proteins associated with inflammation, serum leakage and/or tissue damage were identified with an increased abundance in intestinal content of challenged animals (p < 0.05). Conversely, brush border enzymes were less abundant in intestinal content of challenged animals (p < 0.05). These candidate biomarkers have potential to be used in the field for detection of gut barrier failure in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fien De Meyer
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Venessa Eeckhaut
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Maarten Dhaenens
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Daled
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Maarten De Gussem
- Poulpharm BVBA, Prins Albertlaan 112, 8870, Izegem, Belgium.,Vetworks BVBA, Knokstraat 38, 9880, Poeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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8
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Iqbal J, Zhang K, Jin N, Zhao Y, Liu Q, Ni J, Shen L. Selenium positively affects the proteome of 3 × Tg-AD mice cortex by altering the expression of various key proteins: unveiling the mechanistic role of selenium in AD prevention. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1798-1815. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javed Iqbal
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Kaoyuan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Na Jin
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Qiong Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Jiazuan Ni
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Liming Shen
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen P. R. China
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Abstract
Precisely controlled cell deformations are key to cell migration, division and tissue morphogenesis, and have been implicated in cell differentiation during development, as well as cancer progression. In animal cells, shape changes are primarily driven by the cellular cortex, a thin actomyosin network that lies directly underneath the plasma membrane. Myosin-generated forces create tension in the cortical network, and gradients in tension lead to cellular deformations. Recent studies have provided important insight into the molecular control of cortical tension by progressively unveiling cortex composition and organization. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we review our current understanding of cortex composition and architecture. We then discuss how the microscopic properties of the cortex control cortical tension. While many open questions remain, it is now clear that cortical tension can be modulated through both cortex composition and organization, providing multiple levels of regulation for this key cellular property during cell and tissue morphogenesis. Summary: A summary of the composition, architecture, mechanics and function of the cellular actin cortex, which determines the shape of animal cells, and, thus, provides the foundation for cell and tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Chugh
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK .,Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ewa K Paluch
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK .,Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
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10
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Durgan J, Florey O. Cancer cell cannibalism: Multiple triggers emerge for entosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:831-841. [PMID: 29548938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Entosis is a form of epithelial cell engulfment and cannibalism prevalent in human cancer. Until recently, the only known trigger for entosis was loss of attachment to the extracellular matrix, as often occurs in the tumour microenvironment. However, two new studies now reveal that entosis can also occur among adherent epithelial cells, induced by mitosis or glucose starvation. Together, these findings point to the intriguing notion that certain hallmark properties of cancer cells, including anchorage independence, aberrant proliferation and metabolic stress, can converge on the induction of cell cannibalism, a phenomenon so frequently observed in tumours. In this review, we explore the molecular, cellular and biophysical mechanisms underlying entosis and discuss the impact of cell cannibalism on tumour biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Durgan
- Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
| | - O Florey
- Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
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Shrestha D, Choi D, Song K. Actin Dysfunction Induces Cell Cycle Delay at G2/M with Sustained ERK and RSK Activation in IMR-90 Normal Human Fibroblasts. Mol Cells 2018; 41:436-443. [PMID: 29754473 PMCID: PMC5974620 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton plays a key role in the entry of mitosis as well as in cytokinesis. In a previous study, we showed that actin disruption delays mitotic entry at G2/M by sustained activation of extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in primary cells but not in transformed cancer cell lines. Here, we examined the mechanism of cell cycle delay at G2/M by actin dysfunction in IMR-90 normal human fibroblasts. We observed that de-polymerization of actin with cytochalasin D (CD) constitutively activated ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) and induced inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdc2 (Tyr 15) in IMR-90 cells. In the presence of an actin defect in IMR-90 cells, activating phosphorylation of Wee1 kinase (Ser 642) and inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdc25C (Ser 216) was also maintained. However, when kinase-dead RSK (DN-RSK) was over-expressed, we observed sustained activation of ERK1/2, but no delay in the G2/M transition, demonstrating that RSK functions downstream of ERK in cell cycle delay by actin dysfunction. In DN-RSK overexpressing IMR-90 cells treated with CD, phosphorylation of Cdc25C (Ser 216) was blocked and phosphorylation of Cdc2 (Tyr 15) was decreased, but the phosphorylation of Wee1 (Ser 642) was maintained, demonstrating that RSK directly controls phosphorylation of Cdc25C (Ser 216), but not the activity of Wee1. These results strongly suggest that actin dysfunction in primary cells activates ERK1/2 to inhibit Cdc2, delaying the cell cycle at G2/M by activating downstream RSK, which phosphorylates and blocks Cdc25C, and by directly activating Wee1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepmala Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Daeun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Kiwon Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722,
Korea
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12
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Functions of actin-interacting protein 1 (AIP1)/WD repeat protein 1 (WDR1) in actin filament dynamics and cytoskeletal regulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 506:315-322. [PMID: 29056508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin and actin-interacting protein 1 (AIP1), also known as WD-repeat protein 1 (WDR1), are conserved among eukaryotes and play critical roles in dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. AIP1 preferentially promotes disassembly of ADF/cofilin-decorated actin filaments but exhibits minimal effects on bare actin filaments. Therefore, AIP1 has been often considered to be an ancillary co-factor of ADF/cofilin that merely boosts ADF/cofilin activity level. However, genetic and cell biological studies show that AIP1 deficiency often causes lethality or severe abnormalities in multiple tissues and organs including muscle, epithelia, and blood, suggesting that AIP1 is a major regulator of many biological processes that depend on actin dynamics. This review summarizes recent progress in studies on the biochemical mechanism of actin filament severing by AIP1 and in vivo functions of AIP1 in model organisms and human diseases.
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13
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Lee JH, Kim JE, Kim BG, Han HH, Kang S, Cho NH. STAT3-induced WDR1 overexpression promotes breast cancer cell migration. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1753-60. [PMID: 27521604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
WD repeat domain 1 (WDR1), a protein that assists cofilin-mediated actin filament disassembly, is overexpressed in the invading front of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), but its implication of overexpression and how to be regulated have not been studied. In our study, we demonstrated that STAT3 bound to the 5' upstream sequence (-1971 to -1964), a putative promoter region, of WDR1 gene, and its activation induced WDR1 overexpression in breast cancer cells. The exogenous overexpression of WDR1 increased the migration of MDA-MB-231, which was attenuated by WDR1 knockdown. In the analysis of breast cancer patients, WDR1 overexpression was associated with a shorter distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), more specifically in basal-like tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyun Lee
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek Gil Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Han
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suki Kang
- The Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Cho
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Lan B, Chen P, Jiri M, He N, Feng T, Liu K, Jin T, Kang L. WDR1 and CLNK gene polymorphisms correlate with serum glucose and high-density lipoprotein levels in Tibetan gout patients. Rheumatol Int 2015; 36:405-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-015-3378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Identification of key transcription factors in caerulein-induced pancreatitis through expression profiling data. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2570-6. [PMID: 25975747 PMCID: PMC4464163 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to isolate key transcription factors (TFs) in caerulein-induced pancreatitis, and to identify the difference between wild type and Mist1 knockout (KO) mice, in order to elucidate the contribution of Mist1 to pancreatitis. The gene profile of GSE3644 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database then analyzed using the t-test. The isolated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mapped into a transcriptional regulatory network derived from the Integrated Transcription Factor Platform database and in the network, the interaction pairs involving at least one DEG were screened. Fisher’s exact test was used to analyze the functional enrichment of the target genes. A total of 1,555 and 3,057 DEGs were identified in the wild type and Mist1KO mice treated with caerulein, respectively. DEGs screened in Mist1KO mice were predominantly enriched in apoptosis, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and other cancer-associated pathways. A total of 188 and 51 TFs associated with pathopoiesis were isolated in Mist1KO and wild type mice, respectively. Out of the top 10 TFs (ranked by P-value), 7 TFs, including S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2); minichromosome maintenance complex component 3 (Mcm3); cell division cycle 6 (Cdc6); cyclin B1 (Ccnb1); mutS homolog 6 (Msh6); cyclin A2 (Ccna2); and cyclin B2 (Ccnb2), were expressed in the two types of mouse. These TFs were predominantly involved in phosphorylation, DNA replication, cell division and DNA mismatch repair. In addition, specific TFs, including minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (Mcm7); lymphoid-specific helicase (Hells); and minichromosome maintenance complex component 6 (Mcm6), that function in the unwinding of DNA were identified to participate in Mist1KO pancreatitis. The DEGs, including Cdc6, Mcm6, Msh6 and Wdr1 are closely associated with the regulation of caerulein-induced pancreatitis. Furthermore, other identified TFs were also involved in this type of regulation.
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16
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Wdr1-mediated cell shape dynamics and cortical tension are essential for epidermal planar cell polarity. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:592-604. [PMID: 25915128 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During mouse development, core planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins become polarized in the epidermal plane to guide angling/morphogenesis of hair follicles. How PCP is established is poorly understood. Here, we identify a key role for Wdr1 (also known as Aip1), an F-actin-binding protein that enhances cofilin/destrin-mediated F-actin disassembly. We show that cofilin and destrin function redundantly in developing epidermis, but their combined depletion perturbs cell adhesion, cytokinesis, apicobasal polarity and PCP. Although Wdr1 depletion accentuates single-loss-of-cofilin/destrin phenotypes, alone it resembles core PCP mutations. Seeking a mechanism, we find that Wdr1 and cofilin/destrin-mediated actomyosin remodelling are essential for generating or maintaining cortical tension within the developing epidermal sheet and driving the cell shape and planar orientation changes that accompany establishment of PCP in mammalian epidermis. Our findings suggest intriguing evolutionary parallels but mechanistic modifications to the distal wing hinge-mediated mechanical forces that drive cell shape change and orient PCP in the Drosophila wing disc.
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17
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Chen Q, Courtemanche N, Pollard TD. Aip1 promotes actin filament severing by cofilin and regulates constriction of the cytokinetic contractile ring. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:2289-300. [PMID: 25451933 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.612978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aip1 (actin interacting protein 1) is ubiquitous in eukaryotic organisms, where it cooperates with cofilin to disassemble actin filaments, but neither its mechanism of action nor its biological functions have been clear. We purified both fission yeast and human Aip1 and investigated their biochemical activities with or without cofilin. Both types of Aip1 bind actin filaments with micromolar affinities and weakly nucleate actin polymerization. Aip1 increases up to 12-fold the rate that high concentrations of yeast or human cofilin sever actin filaments, most likely by competing with cofilin for binding to the side of actin filaments, reducing the occupancy of the filaments by cofilin to a range favorable for severing. Aip1 does not cap the barbed ends of filaments severed by cofilin. Fission yeast lacking Aip1 are viable and assemble cytokinetic contractile rings normally, but rings in these Δaip1 cells accumulate 30% less myosin II. Further, these mutant cells initiate the ingression of cleavage furrows earlier than normal, shortening the stage of cytokinetic ring maturation by 50%. The Δaip1 mutation has negative genetic interactions with deletion mutations of both capping protein subunits and cofilin mutations with severing defects, but no genetic interaction with deletion of coronin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- From the Departments of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology
| | | | - Thomas D Pollard
- From the Departments of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, and Cell Biology Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103
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18
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Hirano T, Iwasaki YW, Lin ZYC, Imamura M, Seki NM, Sasaki E, Saito K, Okano H, Siomi MC, Siomi H. Small RNA profiling and characterization of piRNA clusters in the adult testes of the common marmoset, a model primate. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 20:1223-1237. [PMID: 24914035 PMCID: PMC4105748 DOI: 10.1261/rna.045310.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Small RNAs mediate gene silencing by binding Argonaute/Piwi proteins to regulate target RNAs. Here, we describe small RNA profiling of the adult testes of Callithrix jacchus, the common marmoset. The most abundant class of small RNAs in the adult testis was piRNAs, although 353 novel miRNAs but few endo-siRNAs were also identified. MARWI, a marmoset homolog of mouse MIWI and a very abundant PIWI in adult testes, associates with piRNAs that show characteristics of mouse pachytene piRNAs. As in other mammals, most marmoset piRNAs are derived from conserved clustered regions in the genome, which are annotated as intergenic regions. However, unlike in mice, marmoset piRNA clusters are also found on the X chromosome, suggesting escape from meiotic sex chromosome inactivation by the X-linked clusters. Some of the piRNA clusters identified contain antisense-orientated pseudogenes, suggesting the possibility that pseudogene-derived piRNAs may regulate parental functional protein-coding genes. More piRNAs map to transposable element (TE) subfamilies when they have copies in piRNA clusters. In addition, the strand bias observed for piRNAs mapped to each TE subfamily correlates with the polarity of copies inserted in clusters. These findings suggest that pachytene piRNA clusters determine the abundance and strand-bias of TE-derived piRNAs, may regulate protein-coding genes via pseudogene-derived piRNAs, and may even play roles in meiosis in the adult marmoset testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Hirano
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuka W Iwasaki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Zachary Yu-Ching Lin
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masanori Imamura
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan Molecular Biology Section, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Naomi M Seki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mikiko C Siomi
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Siomi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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19
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Wang H, Zhang J, Sit WH, Lee CYJ, Wan JMF. Cordyceps cicadae induces G2/M cell cycle arrest in MHCC97H human hepatocellular carcinoma cells: a proteomic study. Chin Med 2014; 9:15. [PMID: 24872842 PMCID: PMC4036300 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-9-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cordyceps cicadae is a medicinal fungus that is often used for treating cancer. However, the anticancer mechanisms of C. cicadae are largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the anticancer mechanisms of C. cicadae against hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro using a proteomic approach. Methods Human hepatocellular carcinoma MHCC97H cells were treated with a water extract of C. cicadae (0, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL) for 48 h and harvested for cell viability assays. The significant differences in protein expression between control and C. cicadae-treated cells were analyzed by two-dimensional gel-based proteomics coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Flow cytometry analysis was employed to investigate the cell cycle and cell death. The anticancer molecular mechanism was analyzed by whole proteome mapping. Results The water extract of C. cicadae (0, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL) inhibited the growth of MHCC97H cells in a dose-dependent manner via G2/M phase cell cycle arrest with no evidence of apoptosis. Among the identified proteins with upregulated expression were dynactin subunit 2, N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1, heat shock protein beta-1, alpha-enolase isoform 1, phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, and WD repeat-containing protein 1. Meanwhile, the proteins with downregulated expression were 14-3-3 gamma, BUB3, microtubule-associated protein RP/EB family member 1, thioredoxin-like protein, chloride intracellular channel protein 1, ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5, xaa-Pro dipeptidase, enoyl-CoA delta isomerase 1, protein-disulfide isomerase-related chaperone Erp29, hnRNP 2H9B, peroxiredoxin 1, WD-40 repeat protein, and serine/threonine kinase receptor-associated protein. Conclusion The water extract of C. cicadae reduced the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma MHCC97H cells via G2/M cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Wang
- Food and Nutrition Division, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China ; School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Food and Nutrition Division, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Wai-Hung Sit
- Food and Nutrition Division, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chung-Yung Jetty Lee
- Food and Nutrition Division, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jennifer Man-Fan Wan
- Food and Nutrition Division, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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20
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Lancaster OM, Baum B. Shaping up to divide: coordinating actin and microtubule cytoskeletal remodelling during mitosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 34:109-15. [PMID: 24607328 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell division requires the wholesale reorganization of cell architecture. At the same time as the microtubule network is remodelled to generate a bipolar spindle, animal cells entering mitosis replace their interphase actin cytoskeleton with a contractile mitotic actomyosin cortex that is tightly coupled to the plasma membrane--driving mitotic cell rounding. Here, we consider how these two processes are coordinated to couple chromosome segregation and cell division. In doing so we explore the relative roles of cell shape and the actin cortex in spindle morphogenesis, orientation and positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M Lancaster
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Buzz Baum
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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21
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Hast BE, Cloer EW, Goldfarb D, Li H, Siesser PF, Yan F, Walter V, Zheng N, Hayes DN, Major MB. Cancer-derived mutations in KEAP1 impair NRF2 degradation but not ubiquitination. Cancer Res 2013; 74:808-17. [PMID: 24322982 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
NRF2 is a transcription factor that mediates stress responses. Oncogenic mutations in NRF2 localize to one of its two binding interfaces with KEAP1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that promotes proteasome-dependent degradation of NRF2. Somatic mutations in KEAP1 occur commonly in human cancer, where KEAP1 may function as a tumor suppressor. These mutations distribute throughout the KEAP1 protein but little is known about their functional impact. In this study, we characterized 18 KEAP1 mutations defined in a lung squamous cell carcinoma tumor set. Four mutations behaved as wild-type KEAP1, thus are likely passenger events. R554Q, W544C, N469fs, P318fs, and G333C mutations attenuated binding and suppression of NRF2 activity. The remaining mutations exhibited hypomorphic suppression of NRF2, binding both NRF2 and CUL3. Proteomic analysis revealed that the R320Q, R470C, G423V, D422N, G186R, S243C, and V155F mutations augmented the binding of KEAP1 and NRF2. Intriguingly, these "super-binder" mutants exhibited reduced degradation of NRF2. Cell-based and in vitro biochemical analyses demonstrated that despite its inability to suppress NRF2 activity, the R320Q "superbinder" mutant maintained the ability to ubiquitinate NRF2. These data strengthen the genetic interactions between KEAP1 and NRF2 in cancer and provide new insight into KEAP1 mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgid E Hast
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cell Biology and Physiology; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; and Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Otolaryngology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine; Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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22
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Mitotic rounding alters cell geometry to ensure efficient bipolar spindle formation. Dev Cell 2013; 25:270-83. [PMID: 23623611 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Accurate animal cell division requires precise coordination of changes in the structure of the microtubule-based spindle and the actin-based cell cortex. Here, we use a series of perturbation experiments to dissect the relative roles of actin, cortical mechanics, and cell shape in spindle formation. We find that, whereas the actin cortex is largely dispensable for rounding and timely mitotic progression in isolated cells, it is needed to drive rounding to enable unperturbed spindle morphogenesis under conditions of confinement. Using different methods to limit mitotic cell height, we show that a failure to round up causes defects in spindle assembly, pole splitting, and a delay in mitotic progression. These defects can be rescued by increasing microtubule lengths and therefore appear to be a direct consequence of the limited reach of mitotic centrosome-nucleated microtubules. These findings help to explain why most animal cells round up as they enter mitosis.
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23
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Hast BE, Goldfarb D, Mulvaney KM, Hast MA, Siesser PF, Yan F, Hayes DN, Major MB. Proteomic analysis of ubiquitin ligase KEAP1 reveals associated proteins that inhibit NRF2 ubiquitination. Cancer Res 2013; 73:2199-210. [PMID: 23382044 PMCID: PMC3618590 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Somatic mutations in the KEAP1 ubiquitin ligase or its substrate NRF2 (NFE2L2) commonly occur in human cancer, resulting in constitutive NRF2-mediated transcription of cytoprotective genes. However, many tumors display high NRF2 activity in the absence of mutation, supporting the hypothesis that alternative mechanisms of pathway activation exist. Previously, we and others discovered that via a competitive binding mechanism, the proteins WTX (AMER1), PALB2, and SQSTM1 bind KEAP1 to activate NRF2. Proteomic analysis of the KEAP1 protein interaction network revealed a significant enrichment of associated proteins containing an ETGE amino acid motif, which matches the KEAP1 interaction motif found in NRF2. Like WTX, PALB2, and SQSTM1, we found that the dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3) protein binds KEAP1 via an "ETGE" motif to displace NRF2, thus inhibiting NRF2 ubiquitination and driving NRF2-dependent transcription. Comparing the spectrum of KEAP1-interacting proteins with the genomic profile of 178 squamous cell lung carcinomas characterized by The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed amplification and mRNA overexpression of the DPP3 gene in tumors with high NRF2 activity but lacking NRF2 stabilizing mutations. We further show that tumor-derived mutations in KEAP1 are hypomorphic with respect to NRF2 inhibition and that DPP3 overexpression in the presence of these mutants further promotes NRF2 activation. Collectively, our findings further support the competition model of NRF2 activation and suggest that "ETGE"-containing proteins such as DPP3 contribute to NRF2 activity in cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/physiology
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cohort Studies
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/physiology
- Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases/genetics
- Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases/metabolism
- Embryo, Mammalian/cytology
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/cytology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1
- Kidney/cytology
- Kidney/metabolism
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Mutation/genetics
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Proteomics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Ubiquitin/metabolism
- Ubiquitination
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgid E. Hast
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Box#7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dennis Goldfarb
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Box#7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Box#3175, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Mulvaney
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Box#7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael A. Hast
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Box #3711, Durham NC, 27710, USA
| | - Priscila F. Siesser
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Box#7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Box#7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - D. Neil Hayes
- Department of Internal Medicine and Otolaryngology, Division of Medical Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Box#7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael B. Major
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Box#7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Box#3175, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Shahabi V, Berman D, Chasalow SD, Wang L, Tsuchihashi Z, Hu B, Panting L, Jure-Kunkel M, Ji RR. Gene expression profiling of whole blood in ipilimumab-treated patients for identification of potential biomarkers of immune-related gastrointestinal adverse events. J Transl Med 2013; 11:75. [PMID: 23521917 PMCID: PMC3637501 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with ipilimumab, a fully human anti-CTLA-4 antibody approved for the treatment of advanced melanoma, is associated with some immune-related adverse events (irAEs) such as colitis (gastrointestinal irAE, or GI irAE) and skin rash, which are managed by treatment guidelines. Nevertheless, predictive biomarkers that can help identify patients more likely to develop these irAEs could enhance the management of these toxicities. METHODS To identify candidate predictive biomarkers associated with GI irAEs, gene expression profiling was performed on whole blood samples from 162 advanced melanoma patients at baseline, 3 and 11 weeks after the start of ipilimumab treatment in two phase II clinical trials (CA184004 and CA184007). Overall, 49 patients developed Grade 2 or higher (grade 2+) GI irAEs during the course of treatment. A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the differences in mean expression levels between the GI irAE and No-GI irAE groups of patients at the three time points. RESULTS In baseline samples, 27 probe sets showed differential mean expression (≥ 1.5 fold, P ≤ 0.05) between the GI irAE and No-GI irAE groups. Most of these probe sets belonged to three functional categories: immune system, cell cycle, and intracellular trafficking. Changes in gene expression over time were also characterized. In the GI irAE group, 58 and 247 probe sets had a ≥ 1.5 fold change in expression from baseline to 3 and 11 weeks after first ipilimumab dose, respectively. In particular, on-treatment expression increases of CD177 and CEACAM1, two neutrophil-activation markers, were closely associated with GI irAEs, suggesting a possible role of neutrophils in ipilimumab-associated GI irAEs. In addition, the expression of several immunoglobulin genes increased over time, with greater increases in patients with grade 2+ GI irAEs. CONCLUSIONS Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood, sampled before or early in the course of treatment with ipilimumab, resulted in the identification of a set of potential biomarkers that were associated with occurrence of GI irAEs. However, because of the low sensitivity of these biomarkers, they cannot be used alone to predict which patients will develop GI irAEs. Further investigation of these biomarkers in a larger patient cohort is warranted.
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Shi M, Xie Y, Zheng Y, Wang J, Su Y, Yang Q, Huang S. Oryza sativa actin-interacting protein 1 is required for rice growth by promoting actin turnover. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 73:747-60. [PMID: 23134061 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rapid actin turnover is essential for numerous actin-based processes. However, how it is precisely regulated remains poorly understood. Actin-interacting protein 1 (AIP1) has been shown to be an important factor by acting coordinately with actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin in promoting actin depolymerization, the rate-limiting factor in actin turnover. However, the molecular mechanism by which AIP1 promotes actin turnover remains largely unknown in plants. Here, we provide a demonstration that AIP1 promotes actin turnover, which is required for optimal growth of rice plants. Specific down-regulation of OsAIP1 increased the level of filamentous actin and reduced actin turnover, whereas over-expression of OsAIP1 induced fragmentation and depolymerization of actin filaments and enhanced actin turnover. In vitro biochemical characterization showed that, although OsAIP1 alone does not affect actin dynamics, it enhances ADF-mediated actin depolymerization. It also caps the filament barbed end in the presence of ADF, but the capping activity is not required for their coordinated action. Real-time visualization of single filament dynamics showed that OsAIP1 enhanced ADF-mediated severing and dissociation of pointed end subunits. Consistent with this, the filament severing frequency and subunit off-rate were enhanced in OsAIP1 over-expressors but decreased in RNAi protoplasts. Importantly, OsAIP1 acts coordinately with ADF and profilin to induce massive net actin depolymerization, indicating that AIP1 plays a major role in the turnover of actin, which is required to optimize F-actin levels in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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26
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Matthews H, Delabre U, Rohn J, Guck J, Kunda P, Baum B. Changes in Ect2 localization couple actomyosin-dependent cell shape changes to mitotic progression. Dev Cell 2012; 23:371-83. [PMID: 22898780 PMCID: PMC3763371 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As they enter mitosis, animal cells undergo profound actin-dependent changes in shape to become round. Here we identify the Cdk1 substrate, Ect2, as a central regulator of mitotic rounding, thus uncovering a link between the cell-cycle machinery that drives mitotic entry and its accompanying actin remodeling. Ect2 is a RhoGEF that plays a well-established role in formation of the actomyosin contractile ring at mitotic exit, through the local activation of RhoA. We find that Ect2 first becomes active in prophase, when it is exported from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, activating RhoA to induce the formation of a mechanically stiff and rounded metaphase cortex. Then, at anaphase, binding to RacGAP1 at the spindle midzone repositions Ect2 to induce local actomyosin ring formation. Ect2 localization therefore defines the stage-specific changes in actin cortex organization critical for accurate cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen K. Matthews
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ulysse Delabre
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- PCC Curie, Institut Curie/CNRS/Université Paris 6 - UMR 168, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Jennifer L. Rohn
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jochen Guck
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Patricia Kunda
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Buzz Baum
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Developmental roles for Srf, cortical cytoskeleton and cell shape in epidermal spindle orientation. Nat Cell Biol 2011; 13:203-14. [PMID: 21336301 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During development, a polarized epidermal sheet undergoes stratification and differentiation to produce the skin barrier. Through mechanisms that are poorly understood, the process involves actin dynamics, spindle reorientation and Notch signalling. To elucidate how epidermal embryogenesis is governed, we conditionally targeted serum response factor (Srf), a transcription factor that is essential for epidermal differentiation. Unexpectedly, previously ascribed causative defects are not responsible for profoundly perturbed embryonic epidermis. Seeking the mechanism for this, we identified actins and their regulators that were downregulated after ablation. Without Srf, cells exhibit a diminished cortical network and in mitosis, they fail to round up, features we recapitulate with low-dose actin inhibitors in vivo and shRNA-knockdown in vitro. Altered concomitantly are phosphorylated ERM and cortical myosin-IIA, shown in vitro to establish a rigid cortical actomyosin network and elicit critical shape changes. We provide a link between these features and Srf loss, and we show that the process is physiologically relevant in skin, as reflected by defects in spindle orientation, asymmetric cell divisions, stratification and differentiation.
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Stewart MP, Helenius J, Toyoda Y, Ramanathan SP, Muller DJ, Hyman AA. Hydrostatic pressure and the actomyosin cortex drive mitotic cell rounding. Nature 2011; 469:226-30. [DOI: 10.1038/nature09642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Clark AG, Paluch E. Mechanics and regulation of cell shape during the cell cycle. Results Probl Cell Differ 2011; 53:31-73. [PMID: 21630140 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-19065-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many cell types undergo dramatic changes in shape throughout the cell cycle. For individual cells, a tight control of cell shape is crucial during cell division, but also in interphase, for example during cell migration. Moreover, cell cycle-related cell shape changes have been shown to be important for tissue morphogenesis in a number of developmental contexts. Cell shape is the physical result of cellular mechanical properties and of the forces exerted on the cell. An understanding of the causes and repercussions of cell shape changes thus requires knowledge of both the molecular regulation of cellular mechanics and how specific changes in cell mechanics in turn effect global shape changes. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the control of cell morphology, both in terms of general cell mechanics and specifically during the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Clark
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Mitsushima M, Aoki K, Ebisuya M, Matsumura S, Yamamoto T, Matsuda M, Toyoshima F, Nishida E. Revolving movement of a dynamic cluster of actin filaments during mitosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 191:453-62. [PMID: 20974812 PMCID: PMC3003322 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201007136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton undergoes rapid changes in its architecture during mitosis. Here, we demonstrate novel actin assembly dynamics in M phase. An amorphous cluster of actin filaments appears during prometaphase, revolves horizontally along the cell cortex at a constant angular speed, and fuses into the contractile ring after three to four revolutions. Cdk1 activity is required for the formation of this mitotic actin cluster and its revolving movement. Rapid turnover of actin in the filaments takes place everywhere in the cluster and is also required for its cluster rotation during mitosis. Knockdown of Arp3, a component of the actin filament-nucleating Arp2/3 complex, inhibits the formation of the mitotic actin cluster without affecting other actin structures. These results identify Arp2/3 complex as a key factor in the generation of the dynamic actin cluster during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Mitsushima
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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McArdle PF, Parsa A, Chang YPC, Weir MR, O'Connell JR, Mitchell BD, Shuldiner AR. Association of a common nonsynonymous variant in GLUT9 with serum uric acid levels in old order amish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 58:2874-81. [PMID: 18759275 DOI: 10.1002/art.23752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uric acid is the primary end product of purine metabolism. Increased serum uric acid levels have been associated with gouty arthritis as well as with a variety of cardiovascular-related phenotypes. This study was undertaken to investigate associations between uric acid levels and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). METHODS A 500,000-SNP genome-wide association study of serum uric acid levels was performed in a cohort of Old Order Amish from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. RESULTS The scan confirmed a previously identified region on chromosome 4 to be strongly associated with uric acid levels (P = 4.2 x 10(-11) for rs10489070). Followup genotyping revealed that a nonsynonymous coding SNP (Val253Ile; rs16890979) in GLUT9 was most strongly associated with uric acid levels, with each copy of the minor allele associated with a decrease of 0.47 mg/dl in the uric acid level (95% confidence interval 0.31-0.63 [P = 1.43 x 10(-11)]). The effect of this variant tended to be stronger in women than in men (P = 0.16 for sex-genotype interaction). The genotype effect was not modified by the inclusion of several cardiovascular risk factors, suggesting that GLUT9 is directly related to uric acid homeostasis. The SNP identified in the genome-wide scan in the Amish population (rs10489070) was also significantly associated with gout in the Framingham Heart Study (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that GLUT9, which is expressed in the kidney, may be a novel regulator of uric acid elimination and that a common nonsynonymous variant in this gene contributes to abnormalities in uric acid homeostasis and gout.
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Bernhart E, Kollroser M, Rechberger G, Reicher H, Heinemann A, Schratl P, Hallström S, Wintersperger A, Nusshold C, DeVaney T, Zorn-Pauly K, Malli R, Graier W, Malle E, Sattler W. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor activation affects the C13NJ microglia cell line proteome leading to alterations in glycolysis, motility, and cytoskeletal architecture. Proteomics 2010; 10:141-58. [PMID: 19899077 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microglia, the immunocompetent cells of the CNS, are rapidly activated in response to injury and microglia migration towards and homing at damaged tissue plays a key role in CNS regeneration. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is involved in signaling events evoking microglia responses through cognate G protein-coupled receptors. Here we show that human immortalized C13NJ microglia express LPA receptor subtypes LPA(1), LPA(2), and LPA(3) on mRNA and protein level. LPA activation of C13NJ cells induced Rho and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and enhanced cellular ATP production. In addition, LPA induced process retraction, cell spreading, led to pronounced changes of the actin cytoskeleton and reduced cell motility, which could be reversed by inhibition of Rho activity. To get an indication about LPA-induced global alterations in protein expression patterns a 2-D DIGE/LC-ESI-MS proteomic approach was applied. On the proteome level the most prominent changes in response to LPA were observed for glycolytic enzymes and proteins regulating cell motility and/or cytoskeletal dynamics. The present findings suggest that naturally occurring LPA is a potent regulator of microglia biology. This might be of particular relevance in the pathophysiological context of neurodegenerative disorders where LPA concentrations can be significantly elevated in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bernhart
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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Ferreira GB, van Etten E, Lage K, Hansen DA, Moreau Y, Workman CT, Waer M, Verstuyf A, Waelkens E, Overbergh L, Mathieu C. Proteome analysis demonstrates profound alterations in human dendritic cell nature by TX527, an analogue of vitamin D. Proteomics 2009; 9:3752-64. [PMID: 19639594 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Structural analogues of vitamin D have been put forward as therapeutic agents able to exploit the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D, without its undesired calcemic side effects. We have demonstrated that TX527 affects dendritic cell (DC) maturation in vitro, resulting in the generation of a tolerogenic cell. In the present study, we aimed to explore the global protein changes induced by the analogue in immature DC (iDC) and mature human DC and to correlate them with alterations in DC morphology and function. Human CD14(+) monocytes were differentiated toward iDC or mature DCs, in the presence or absence of TX527 (10(-8) M) (n=4). Protein samples were separated into two different pH ranges (pH4-7 and 6-9), analyzed by 2-D DIGE and differentially expressed spots (p<0.01) were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF (76.3 and 70.7% in iDC and mature DCs, respectively). Differential protein expression revealed three protein groups predominantly affected by TX527 treatment, namely proteins involved in cytoskeleton structure, in protein biosynthesis/proteolysis and in metabolism. Moreover, protein interactome-network analysis demonstrated close interaction between these different groups (p<0.001) and morphological and functional analyses confirmed the integrated effect of TX527 on human DCs, resulting in a cell with altered morphology, cell surface marker expression, endocytic and migratory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Bomfim Ferreira
- Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology (LEGENDO), University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Catholic University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Kunda P, Baum B. The actin cytoskeleton in spindle assembly and positioning. Trends Cell Biol 2009; 19:174-9. [PMID: 19285869 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Revised: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The most dramatic changes in eukaryotic cytoskeletal organization and dynamics occur during passage through mitosis. Although both spindle self-organization and actin-dependent cytokinesis have long been the subject of intense investigation, it has only recently become apparent that the actin cortex also has a key role during early mitosis. This is most striking in animal cells, in which changes in the actin cytoskeleton drive mitotic cell rounding and cortical stiffening. This mitotic cortex then functions as a foundation for spindle assembly and to guide spindle orientation with respect to extracellular chemical and mechanical cues. Here, we discuss this recent work and the possible role of crosstalk between the mitotic actin cortex and the plus ends of astral microtubules in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kunda
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, UK.
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35
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Critical roles of actin-interacting protein 1 in cytokinesis and chemotactic migration of mammalian cells. Biochem J 2008; 414:261-70. [PMID: 18494608 DOI: 10.1042/bj20071655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cofilin regulates actin filament dynamics by stimulating actin filament disassembly and plays a critical role in cytokinesis and chemotactic migration. Aip1 (actin-interacting protein 1), also called WDR1 (WD-repeat protein 1), is a highly conserved WD-repeat protein in eukaryotes and promotes cofilin-mediated actin filament disassembly in vitro; however, little is known about the mechanisms by which Aip1 functions in cytokinesis and cell migration in mammalian cells. In the present study, we investigated the roles of Aip1 in cytokinesis and chemotactic migration of human cells by silencing the expression of Aip1 using siRNA (small interfering RNA). Knockdown of Aip1 in HeLa cells increased the percentage of multinucleate cells; this effect was reversed by expression of an active form of cofilin. In Aip1-knockdown cells, the cleavage furrow ingressed normally from anaphase to early telophase; however, an excessive accumulation of actin filaments was observed on the contractile ring in late telophase. These results suggest that Aip1 plays a crucial role in the completion of cytokinesis by promoting cofilin-mediated actin filament disassembly in telophase. We have also shown that Aip1 knockdown significantly suppressed chemokine-induced chemotactic migration of Jurkat T-lymphoma cells, and this was blocked by expression of an active form of cofilin. Whereas control cells mostly formed a single lamellipodium in response to chemokine stimulation, Aip1 knockdown cells abnormally exhibited multiple protrusions around the cells before and after cell stimulation. This indicates that Aip1 plays an important role in directional cell migration by restricting the stimulus-induced membrane protrusion to one direction via promoting cofilin activity.
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Wong WSF, Zhao J. Proteome analysis of chronically inflamed lungs in a mouse chronic asthma model. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2008; 147:179-89. [PMID: 18594147 DOI: 10.1159/000142040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease characterized by airway wall remodeling. The mechanisms underlying airway remodeling in asthma are not fully understood. There is an urgent need to investigate global protein profiling of chronically inflamed lungs to identify novel pathogenic molecules and biomarkers for chronic asthma. In this study, we described the first differentially expressed proteome of lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a mouse chronic asthma model. METHODS BALB/c mice sensitized to ovalbumin were challenged with ovalbumin aerosol 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The lung tissue and lavage fluid proteins were resolved by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Airway goblet cell hyperplasia, smooth muscle hyperplasia, subepithelial fibrosis, airway hyperresponsiveness, pulmonary inflammatory cell infiltration and elevated serum ovalbumin-specific IgE level were observed in our chronic asthma model. We have identified at least 100 protein spots that were differentially expressed in chronically inflamed lungs, and the identity of 66 protein spots was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Many of these proteins, including cytoskeleton-related proteins, Ca2+-binding proteins and anti-oxidant proteins, may be related to the development of airway remodeling, and they should be evaluated further as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for chronic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Ling School of Medicine, and Immunology Program, Center for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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37
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Ren N, Charlton J, Adler PN. The flare gene, which encodes the AIP1 protein of Drosophila, functions to regulate F-actin disassembly in pupal epidermal cells. Genetics 2007; 176:2223-34. [PMID: 17565945 PMCID: PMC1950627 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.107.072959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult Drosophila are decorated with several types of polarized cuticular structures, such as hairs and bristles. The morphogenesis of these takes place in pupal cells and is mediated by the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. Mutations in flare (flr) result in grossly abnormal epidermal hairs. We report here that flr encodes the Drosophila actin interacting protein 1 (AIP1). In other systems this protein has been found to promote cofilin-mediated F-actin disassembly. In Drosophila cofilin is encoded by twinstar (tsr). We show that flr mutations result in increased levels of F-actin accumulation and increased F-actin stability in vivo. Further, flr is essential for cell proliferation and viability and for the function of the frizzled planar cell polarity system. All of these phenotypes are similar to those seen for tsr mutations. This differs from the situation in yeast where cofilin is essential while aip1 mutations result in only subtle defects in the actin cytoskeleton. Surprisingly, we found that mutations in flr and tsr also result in greatly increased tubulin staining, suggesting a tight linkage between the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ren
- Biology Department, Institute for Morphogenesis and Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Gene function in early mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation. BMC Genomics 2007; 8:85. [PMID: 17394647 PMCID: PMC1851713 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2006] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the genes that drive embryonic stem cell differentiation. However, such knowledge is necessary if we are to exploit the therapeutic potential of stem cells. To uncover the genetic determinants of mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) differentiation, we have generated and analyzed 11-point time-series of DNA microarray data for three biologically equivalent but genetically distinct mESC lines (R1, J1, and V6.5) undergoing undirected differentiation into embryoid bodies (EBs) over a period of two weeks. Results We identified the initial 12 hour period as reflecting the early stages of mESC differentiation and studied probe sets showing consistent changes of gene expression in that period. Gene function analysis indicated significant up-regulation of genes related to regulation of transcription and mRNA splicing, and down-regulation of genes related to intracellular signaling. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the genes showing the largest expression changes were more likely to have originated in metazoans. The probe sets with the most consistent gene changes in the three cell lines represented 24 down-regulated and 12 up-regulated genes, all with closely related human homologues. Whereas some of these genes are known to be involved in embryonic developmental processes (e.g. Klf4, Otx2, Smn1, Socs3, Tagln, Tdgf1), our analysis points to others (such as transcription factor Phf21a, extracellular matrix related Lama1 and Cyr61, or endoplasmic reticulum related Sc4mol and Scd2) that have not been previously related to mESC function. The majority of identified functions were related to transcriptional regulation, intracellular signaling, and cytoskeleton. Genes involved in other cellular functions important in ESC differentiation such as chromatin remodeling and transmembrane receptors were not observed in this set. Conclusion Our analysis profiles for the first time gene expression at a very early stage of mESC differentiation, and identifies a functional and phylogenetic signature for the genes involved. The data generated constitute a valuable resource for further studies. All DNA microarray data used in this study are available in the StemBase database of stem cell gene expression data [1] and in the NCBI's GEO database.
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Singh OV, Vij N, Mogayzel PJ, Jozwik C, Pollard HB, Zeitlin PL. Pharmacoproteomics of 4-phenylbutyrate-treated IB3-1 cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells. J Proteome Res 2007; 5:562-71. [PMID: 16512671 DOI: 10.1021/pr050319o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
4-Phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) is an oral butyrate derivative that has recently been approved for treatment of urea cycle disorders and is under investigation in clinical trials of cancer, hemoglobinopathies, and cystic fibrosis (CF). We hypothesized that proteome profiling of IB3-1 cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells treated with 4-PBA would identify butyrate-responsive cellular chaperones, protein processing enzymes, and cell trafficking molecules associated with the amelioration of the chloride transport defect in these cells. Protein profiles were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Over a pI range of 4-7 and molecular weight from 20 to 150 kDa a total of 85 differentially expressed proteins were detected. Most of the identified proteins were chaperones, catalytic enzymes, and proteins comprising structural elements, cellular defense, protein biosynthesis, trafficking activity, and ion transport. Subsets of these proteins were confirmed by immunoblot analysis. These data represent a first-draft of the pharmacoproteomics map of 4-PBA treated cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om V Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21209, USA
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Li J, Brieher WM, Scimone ML, Kang SJ, Zhu H, Yin H, von Andrian UH, Mitchison T, Yuan J. Caspase-11 regulates cell migration by promoting Aip1-Cofilin-mediated actin depolymerization. Nat Cell Biol 2007; 9:276-86. [PMID: 17293856 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Coordinated regulation of cell migration, cytokine maturation and apoptosis is critical in inflammatory responses. Caspases, a family of cysteine proteases, are known to regulate cytokine maturation and apoptosis. Here, we show that caspase-11, a mammalian pro-inflammatory caspase, regulates cell migration during inflammation. Caspase-11-deficient lymphocytes exhibit a cell-autonomous migration defect in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that caspase-11 interacts physically and functionally with actin interacting protein 1 (Aip1), an activator of cofilin-mediated actin depolymerization. The caspase-recruitment domain (CARD) of caspase-11 interacts with the carboxy-terminal WD40 propeller domain of Aip1 to promote cofilin-mediated actin depolymerization. Cells with Aip1 or caspase-11 deficiency exhibit defects in actin dynamics. Using in vitro actin depolymerization assays, we found that caspase-11 and Aip1 work cooperatively to promote cofilin-mediated actin depolymerization. These data demonstrate a novel cell autonomous caspase-mediated mechanism that regulates actin dynamics and mammalian cell migration distinct from the receptor mediated Rho-Rac-Cdc42 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Ono S. Mechanism of depolymerization and severing of actin filaments and its significance in cytoskeletal dynamics. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2007; 258:1-82. [PMID: 17338919 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(07)58001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is one of the major structural components of the cell. It often undergoes rapid reorganization and plays crucial roles in a number of dynamic cellular processes, including cell migration, cytokinesis, membrane trafficking, and morphogenesis. Actin monomers are polymerized into filaments under physiological conditions, but spontaneous depolymerization is too slow to maintain the fast actin filament dynamics observed in vivo. Gelsolin, actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin, and several other actin-severing/depolymerizing proteins can enhance disassembly of actin filaments and promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. This review presents advances as well as a historical overview of studies on the biochemical activities and cellular functions of actin-severing/depolymerizing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Ono
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Abstract
Epidemiological, animal, and cell culture studies have identified boron as a chemopreventative agent in prostate cancer. The present objective was to identify boron-induced changes in the DU-145 human prostate cancer cell line. We show that prolonged exposure to pharmacologically-relevant levels of boric acid, the naturally occurring form of boron circulating in human plasma, induces the following morphological changes in cells: increases in granularity and intracellular vesicle content, enhanced cell spreading and decreased cell volume. Documented increases in β-galactosidase activity suggest that boric acid induces conversion to a senescent-like cellular phenotype. Boric acid also causes a dose-dependent reduction in cyclins A–E, as well as MAPK proteins, suggesting their contribution to proliferative inhibition. Furthermore, treated cells display reduced adhesion, migration and invasion potential, along with F-actin changes indicative of reduced metastatic potential. Finally, the observation of media acidosis in treated cells correlated with an accumulation of lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2 (LAMP-2)-negative acidic compartments. The challenge of future studies will be to identify the underlying mechanism responsible for the observed cellular responses to this natural blood constituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Barranco
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Box 951770, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | - C D Eckhert
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Box 951770, CA 90095-1772, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Box 951770, CA 90095-1772, USA. E-mail:
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Mohri K, Ono K, Yu R, Yamashiro S, Ono S. Enhancement of actin-depolymerizing factor/cofilin-dependent actin disassembly by actin-interacting protein 1 is required for organized actin filament assembly in the Caenorhabditis elegans body wall muscle. Mol Biol Cell 2006; 17:2190-9. [PMID: 16525019 PMCID: PMC1446098 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e05-11-1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated disassembly of actin filaments is involved in several cellular processes that require dynamic rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. Actin-interacting protein (AIP) 1 specifically enhances disassembly of actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin-bound actin filaments. In vitro, AIP1 actively disassembles filaments, caps barbed ends, and binds to the side of filaments. However, how AIP1 functions in the cellular actin cytoskeletal dynamics is not understood. We compared biochemical and in vivo activities of mutant UNC-78 proteins and found that impaired activity of mutant UNC-78 proteins to enhance disassembly of ADF/cofilin-bound actin filaments is associated with inability to regulate striated organization of actin filaments in muscle cells. Six functionally important residues are present in the N-terminal beta-propeller, whereas one residue is located in the C-terminal beta-propeller, suggesting the presence of two separate sites for interaction with ADF/cofilin and actin. In vitro, these mutant UNC-78 proteins exhibited variable alterations in actin disassembly and/or barbed end-capping activities, suggesting that both activities are important for its in vivo function. These results indicate that the actin-regulating activity of AIP1 in cooperation with ADF/cofilin is essential for its in vivo function to regulate actin filament organization in muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurato Mohri
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Saban MR, Hellmich HL, Turner M, Nguyen NB, Vadigepalli R, Dyer DW, Hurst RE, Centola M, Saban R. The inflammatory and normal transcriptome of mouse bladder detrusor and mucosa. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 6:1. [PMID: 16420690 PMCID: PMC1382248 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6793-6-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2005] [Accepted: 01/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background An organ such as the bladder consists of complex, interacting set of tissues and cells. Inflammation has been implicated in every major disease of the bladder, including cancer, interstitial cystitis, and infection. However, scanty is the information about individual detrusor and urothelium transcriptomes in response to inflammation. Here, we used suppression subtractive hybridizations (SSH) to determine bladder tissue- and disease-specific genes and transcriptional regulatory elements (TRE)s. Unique TREs and genes were assembled into putative networks. Results It was found that the control bladder mucosa presented regulatory elements driving genes such as myosin light chain phosphatase and calponin 1 that influence the smooth muscle phenotype. In the control detrusor network the Pax-3 TRE was significantly over-represented. During development, the Pax-3 transcription factor (TF) maintains progenitor cells in an undifferentiated state whereas, during inflammation, Pax-3 was suppressed and genes involved in neuronal development (synapsin I) were up-regulated. Therefore, during inflammation, an increased maturation of neural progenitor cells in the muscle may underlie detrusor instability. NF-κB was specifically over-represented in the inflamed mucosa regulatory network. When the inflamed detrusor was compared to control, two major pathways were found, one encoding synapsin I, a neuron-specific phosphoprotein, and the other an important apoptotic protein, siva. In response to LPS-induced inflammation, the liver X receptor was over-represented in both mucosa and detrusor regulatory networks confirming a role for this nuclear receptor in LPS-induced gene expression. Conclusion A new approach for understanding bladder muscle-urothelium interaction was developed by assembling SSH, real time PCR, and TRE analysis results into regulatory networks. Interestingly, some of the TREs and their downstream transcripts originally involved in organogenesis and oncogenesis were also activated during inflammation. The latter represents an additional link between inflammation and cancer. The regulatory networks represent key targets for development of novel drugs targeting bladder diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia R Saban
- Department of Physiology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Helen L Hellmich
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - Mary Turner
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Arthritis and Immunology Research Program, Microarray Core Facility, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Ngoc-Bich Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
- Cellular & Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology. Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - David W Dyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Robert E Hurst
- Department of Urology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Michael Centola
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Arthritis and Immunology Research Program, Microarray Core Facility, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Ricardo Saban
- Department of Physiology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
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