1
|
Liu W, Zhao M, Zhang X, Chi J, Yin X, Liu Y. Alcohol Intake Provoked Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis Via Activating Calcium-Sensing Receptor and Increasing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Cytosolic [Ca2+]i. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:707-716. [PMID: 37639185 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyocyte apoptosis plays an important role in alcoholic cardiac injury. However, the association between calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and alcohol-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the role and its moleculer mechanism of CaSR in rat cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by alcohol. METHODS Alcohol-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro model of rats were applied in this study. The expression of CaSR, endoplasmic reticulum stress markers and apoptosis were tested by immunohistological staining, western blot, TUNEL and flow cytometry, respectively. [Ca2+]i were detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS Compared with the control group, alcohol intake (AI) led to abnormal arrangements of cardiomyocytes and obvious increase of myocardial apoptosis. Moreover, AI also significantly upregulated protein expression of CaSR, GRP94, caspase-12 and CHOP. Alcohol induced apoptosis of cultured cardiomyocytes of rats in a dose-dependent way. Activation of CaSR markedly enhanced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ERS induced by alcohol, ERS inducer also significantly increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis without activating CaSR. Furthermore, GdCl3 augmented alcohol-induced increase of [Ca2+]i in cardiomyocytes, which was attenuated by NPS2390 but not 4-PBA pre-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol could induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats in vivo and in vitro, which was mediated probably via activating CaSR, and then ERS and the increase of the cytosolic [Ca2+]i. This provides a potential target for preventing cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiomyopathy induced by alochol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Jinyu Chi
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Xinhua Yin
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, PR China.
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Yin WH, Yang F, An YQ, Zhou W, Yu H, Xie H, Zhang YL, Zhu Y, Shen XC, Tian R. VEGF121 Mediates Post-Hypoxia Cardioprotective Effects Via CaSR and Mitochondria-Dependent Protease Pathway. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 117:476-483. [PMID: 34550233 PMCID: PMC8462959 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20190902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death worldwide. Hypoxia-mediated apoptosis in cardiomyocytes is a major cause of cardiovascular disorders. Treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein has been tested but operational difficulties have limited its use. However, with the advancements of gene therapy, interest has risen in VEGF-based gene therapy in cardiovascular disorders. However, the precise mechanism by which VEGF replenishment rescues post-hypoxia damage in cardiomyocytes is not known. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of post-hypoxia VEGF121 expression using neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. METHODS Cardiomyocytes isolated from neonatal rats were used to establish an in vitro model of hypoxia-induced cardiac injury. The effect of VEGF overexpression, alone or in combination with small-molecule inhibitors targeting calcium channel, calcium sensitive receptors (CaSR), and calpain on cell growth and proliferation on hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury were determined using an MTT assay, TUNEL staining, Annexin V/PI staining, lactate dehydrogenase and caspase activity. For statistical analysis, a value of P<0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS The effect of VEGF121 was found to be mediated by CaSR and calpain but was not dependent on calcium channels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings, even though using an in vitro setting, lay the foundation for future validation and pre-clinical testing of VEGF-based gene therapy in cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang - China
| | - Wei-Hua Yin
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing - China
| | - Fan Yang
- Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang - China
| | - Yun-Qiang An
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing - China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang - China
| | - Hui Yu
- Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang - China
| | - Hong Xie
- Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang - China
| | | | - Yue Zhu
- Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang - China
| | | | - Ruiqing Tian
- The First People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang - China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luo Y, Liu LM, Xie L, Zhao HL, Lu YK, Wu BQ, Wu ZY, Zhang ZL, Hao YL, Ou WH, Liu RS, Xu WM, Chen XH. Activation of the CaR-CSE/H2S pathway confers cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Exp Cell Res 2020; 398:112389. [PMID: 33221316 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a multifactorial process triggered when an organ is subjected to transiently reduced blood supply. The result is a cascade of pathological complications and organ damage due to the production of reactive oxygen species following reperfusion. The present study aims to evaluate the role of activated calcium-sensing receptor (CaR)-cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S) pathway in I/R injury. Firstly, an I/R rat model with CSE knockout was constructed. Transthoracic echocardiography, TTC and HE staining were performed to determine the cardiac function of rats following I/R Injury, followed by TUNEL staining observation on apoptosis. Besides, with the attempt to better elucidate how CaR-CSE/H2S affects I/R, in-vitro culture of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) was conducted with gadolinium chloride (GdCl3, a CaR agonist), H2O2, siRNA against CSE (siCSE), or W7 (a CaM inhibitor). The interaction between CSE and CaM was subsequently detected. Plasma oxidative stress indexes, H2S and CSE, and apoptosis-related proteins were all analyzed following cell apoptosis. We found that H2S elevation led to the improvement whereas CSE knockdown decreased cardiac function in rats with I/R injury. Moreover, oxidative stress injury in I/R rats with CSE knockout was aggravated, while the increased expression of H2S and CSE in the aortic tissues resulted in alleviated the oxidative stress injury. Moreover, increased H2S and CSE levels were found to inhibit cell apoptotic ability in the aortic tissues after I/R injury, thus attenuating oxidative stress injury, accompanied by inhibited expression of apoptosis-related proteins. In HCAECs following oxidative stress treatment, siCSE and CaM inhibitor were observed to reverse the protection of CaR agonist. Coimmunoprecipitation assay revealed the interaction between CSE and CaM. Taken together, all above-mentioned data provides evidence that activation of the CaR-CSE/H2S pathway may confer a potent protective effect in cardiac I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, ShenZhen Hospital, Fuwai Hospital China Academy of Medical Sciences (Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital), Shenzhen, 518112, PR China
| | - Li-Mei Liu
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, ShenZhen Hospital, Fuwai Hospital China Academy of Medical Sciences (Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital), Shenzhen, 518112, PR China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, ShenZhen Hospital, Fuwai Hospital China Academy of Medical Sciences (Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital), Shenzhen, 518112, PR China
| | - Hong-Lei Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, ShenZhen Hospital, Fuwai Hospital China Academy of Medical Sciences (Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital), Shenzhen, 518112, PR China
| | - Yong-Kang Lu
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, ShenZhen Hospital, Fuwai Hospital China Academy of Medical Sciences (Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital), Shenzhen, 518112, PR China
| | - Bao-Quan Wu
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, ShenZhen Hospital, Fuwai Hospital China Academy of Medical Sciences (Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital), Shenzhen, 518112, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ye Wu
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, ShenZhen Hospital, Fuwai Hospital China Academy of Medical Sciences (Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital), Shenzhen, 518112, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, ShenZhen Hospital, Fuwai Hospital China Academy of Medical Sciences (Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital), Shenzhen, 518112, PR China
| | - Yun-Ling Hao
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, ShenZhen Hospital, Fuwai Hospital China Academy of Medical Sciences (Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital), Shenzhen, 518112, PR China
| | - Wu-Hua Ou
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, ShenZhen Hospital, Fuwai Hospital China Academy of Medical Sciences (Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital), Shenzhen, 518112, PR China
| | - Rui-Shuang Liu
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, ShenZhen Hospital, Fuwai Hospital China Academy of Medical Sciences (Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital), Shenzhen, 518112, PR China
| | - Wen-Min Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, PR China.
| | - Xie-Hui Chen
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, ShenZhen Hospital, Fuwai Hospital China Academy of Medical Sciences (Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital), Shenzhen, 518112, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yuan H, Yang G, Li S, Li L, Wei T, Song G, Luan H, Meng J, Wang Q, Yu Y, Sun J. Calcium sensing receptor involving in therapy of embryonic stem cell transplantation alleviates acute myocardial infarction by inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress in rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:1353-1359. [PMID: 33149870 PMCID: PMC7585542 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.47436.10916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): The aims of the present study were to investigate the expression of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) at different times in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rat myocardial tissue after mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) transplantation treatment and to assess its effects on apoptosis and oxidative stress of cardiomyocytes. Materials and Methods: The AMI rats were treated with mESCs, Calindol (a CaSR agonist) and Calhex231 (a CaSR inhibitor). Serum measurements, Echocardiographic analysis and TUNEL assay were performed. Myocardial ultrastructure changes were viewed by electron microscopy. Additionally, western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions. Results: Compared to the sham group, it was found that the expression levels of CaSR, caspase-3, cytoplasmic cytochrome C (cyt-C) and Bcl2-associated x (Bax), and the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased in both AMI and AMI + mESCs + Calindol groups with the development of myocardial infarction. Furthermore, the ultra-microstructure of cardiomyocyte was highly damaged, the expression levels of mitochondrial cyt-C and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) were significantly decreased, and there was decreased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). However, the combination of Calhex231 and mESCs transplantation could inhibit these changes. Conclusion: Our results suggested that CaSR expression in myocardial tissue of AMI rats was increased over time, and that Calhex231 could enhance the efficacy of ESCs transplantation for the treatment of AMI, which would be a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuan
- Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Guohong Yang
- Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Shu Li
- Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Li Li
- Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Gaochen Song
- Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Hairong Luan
- Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Jin Meng
- Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Yaquan Yu
- Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen Q, Zhang C, Mo H, Zhang H, Qin X, Li J, Zhang Z, Richel A. Fabrication of chondroitin sulfate calcium complex and its chondrocyte proliferation in vitro. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 254:117282. [PMID: 33357858 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS)-calcium complex (CSCa) was fabricated, and the structural characteristics of CSCa and its proliferative bioactivity to the chondrocyte were investigated in vitro. Results suggested calcium ions could bind CS chains forming polysaccharide-metal complex, and the maximum calcium holding capacity of CSCa reached 4.23 %. Characterization of CSCa was performed by EDS, AFM, FTIR, UV, XRD and 1H-NMR. It was found that calcium ions were integrated with CS by binding the sulfate or carboxyl groups. The thermal properties analysis indicated CSCa had a good thermal stability by TGA and DSC. CSCa could interact the calcium-sensing receptor increasing the intracellular calcium ions and influence the cell cycle. The TGF-β1 secretion induced by CSCa could activate the TGF-β/Smads pathway and change the genes associated proliferation expression ultimately leading to the chondrocyte proliferation. This research probably has an important implication for understanding the effect of CSCa on bone care as food supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; University of Liege-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Laboratory of Biomass and Green Technologies, Passage des déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Haizhen Mo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Hongru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; University of Liege-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Laboratory of Biomass and Green Technologies, Passage des déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Xiaojie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Shandong Haiyu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jining, 272113, China
| | - Aurore Richel
- University of Liege-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Laboratory of Biomass and Green Technologies, Passage des déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu W, Sun J, Guo Y, Liu N, Ding X, Zhang X, Chi J, Kang N, Liu Y, Yin X. Calhex231 ameliorates myocardial fibrosis post myocardial infarction in rats through the autophagy-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in macrophages. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13440-13453. [PMID: 33043596 PMCID: PMC7701583 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium‐sensing receptor (CaSR) is involved in the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI) and hypertension. The role of Calhex231, a specific inhibitor of CaSR, in myocardial fibrosis following MI is still unclear. Using Wistar rats, we investigated whether Calhex231 ameliorates myocardial fibrosis through the autophagy‐NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in macrophages post myocardial infarction (MI). The rats were randomly divided into sham, MI and MI + Calhex231 groups. Compared with the sham rats, the MI rats consistently developed severe cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells including macrophages. Moreover, inflammatory pathway including activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, IL‐1β and autophagy was significantly up‐regulated in myocardial tissue, infiltrated cardiac macrophages and peritoneal macrophages of the MI rats. These impacts were reversed by Calhex231. In vitro, studies revealed that calindol and rapamycin exacerbated MI‐induced autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in peritoneal macrophages. Calhex231 and 3‐Methyladenine (a specific inhibitor of autophagy) attenuated both autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation; however, the caspase‐1 inhibitor Z‐YVAD‐FMK did not. Our study indicated that Calhex231 improved cardiac function and ameliorated myocardial fibrosis post MI, likely via the inhibition of autophagy‐mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation; this provides a new therapeutic target for ventricular remodelling‐related cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yutong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Ding
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinyu Chi
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ningning Kang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinhua Yin
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Yuan H, Xu J, Zhu Y, Li L, Wang Q, Yu Y, Zhou B, Liu Y, Xu X, Wang Z. Activation of calcium‑sensing receptor‑mediated autophagy in high glucose‑induced cardiac fibrosis in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2021-2031. [PMID: 32705187 PMCID: PMC7411369 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is a major complication of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) that is primarily caused by cardiac fibroblasts that are highly activated by persistent hyperglycemic stimulation, resulting in excessive collagen deposition. Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and regulates intracellular calcium concentrations, which are associated with numerous diseases, including myocardial infarction, tumors and pulmonary hypertension. However, whether CaSR participates in the pathological process of myocardial fibrosis in DCM remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism via which CaSR regulates high glucose (HG)-induced cardiac fibrosis in vitro. HG treated-cardiac fibroblast (CFs) were used and western blotting, immunoprecipitation, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, ELISA and transfection technology were performed to examine the role of CaSR. In the HG group, treatment with HG increased CaSR, α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I/III and matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 expression and enhanced autophagosome generation and CF proliferation. Furthermore, CaSR activation upregulated the expression of Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2), which led to increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, increased ubiquitination levels of SKI like proto-oncogene and Smad7 and autophagy activation. Furthermore, the CaSR agonist (R568) or the CaSR inhibitor (Calhex231) and Smurf2-small interfering RNA promoted or inhibited HG-induced alterations, including the enhanced and weakened effects, respectively. Taken together, the results from the present study suggested that increased CaSR expression in CFs activated the Smurf2-ubiquitin proteasome and autophagy, causing excessive CF proliferation and extensive collagen deposition, which resulted in HG-induced myocardial fibrosis. These findings indicated a novel pathogenesis of DCM and may provide a novel strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuan
- Department of Medical Functional Experiment and Department of Pathophysiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Jiyu Xu
- Department of Medical Functional Experiment and Department of Pathophysiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Zhu
- Department of Medical Functional Experiment and Department of Pathophysiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Medical Functional Experiment and Department of Pathophysiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Mudanjiang First People's Hospital, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Yaquan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yang Zhou Hong Quan Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Mudanjiang Cardiovascular Hospital, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Medical Functional Experiment and Department of Pathophysiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- Department of Medical Functional Experiment and Department of Pathophysiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- Department of Postgraduate Management, The First Clinical Medicine School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Y, Chen J, Li S, Zhang X, Guo Z, Hu J, Shao X, Song N, Zhao Y, Li H, Yang G, Xu C, Wei C. Exogenous spermine attenuates rat diabetic cardiomyopathy via suppressing ROS-p53 mediated downregulation of calcium-sensitive receptor. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101514. [PMID: 32234613 PMCID: PMC7113441 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a severe complication of type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients, manifested as combined diastolic and systolic dysfunction. DCM is associated with impaired calcium homeostasis secondary to decreased calcium-sensitive receptor (CaSR) expression. Spermine, a direct agonist of CaSR, was found deficient in cardiomyocytes of T1D rats. However, the role of spermine in DCM was unclear. Here, we examined the cardioprotective effect of exogenous spermine on DCM in streptozotocin (STZ) induced-T1D rats and high-glucose (HG)-incubated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Exogenous spermine significantly attenuated cardiac dysfunction in T1D rats, characterized by improved echocardiography, less fibrosis, reduced myocardial endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress, and increased expression of myocardial membrane CaSR. In cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, exogenous spermine attenuated myocardial injury induced by HG treatment, demonstrated by restored cellular glucose uptake capacity, reduced expression of apoptotic markers, lowered level of oxidative stress, ER stress and unfolded protein response, and upregulated cell membrane CaSR. Mechanistically, the cardioprotective effect of spermine appeared dependent upon effective elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and up-regulation of CaSR expression by suppressing the Nrf2-ROS-p53-MuRF1 axis. Taken together, these results suggest that exogenous spermine protects against DCM in vivo and in vitro, partially via suppressing ROS and p53-mediated downregulation of cell membrane CaSR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Junting Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Siwei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zuoming Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaoting Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ningyang Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hongzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Guangdong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Can Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hou X, Fu M, Cheng B, Kang Y, Xie D. Galanthamine improves myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-induced cardiac dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis, and myocardial fibrosis by suppressing AMPK/Nrf2 pathway in rats. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:634. [PMID: 31930035 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important cause of myocardial infarction and heart failure after cardiovascular surgery. Galanthamine (Gal) is an important Amaryllidaceae alkaloid with anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-inflammatory activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Gal in myocardial I/R injury. Methods In this study, an animal model of myocardial I/R injury was constructed, and the rats were divided into five groups (n=10): the sham, I/R model, I/R + Gal (1 mg/kg), I/R + Gal (3 mg/kg), and I/R + Aspirin (20 mg/kg) groups. The expression of related proteins was detected by Western blotting and Immunohistochemistry, and Histological lesion was detected by HE staining. Results Results showed that Gal improves I/R-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats. Moreover, Gal inhibits I/R-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related apoptosis by suppressing the expression of CHOP, Cleaved caspase 12, and caspase 3, and promoting the expression of CADD34 and BiP in rats. Furthermore, Gal mitigates I/R-induced myocardial fibrosis through restraining the expression of α-SMA and Collagen I in rats. Mechanically, Gal promoted the expression of AMPKα1, Nrf2 and HO-1. However, AMPK inhibitor Compound C exhibited the opposite effects. Collectively, this finding suggests that Gal improves I/R-induced cardiac dysfunction, ERS-related apoptosis, and myocardial fibrosis by activating AMPK/Nrf2 pathway in myocardial I/R rats. Conclusions Given this evidence, Gal may be a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Minhuan Fu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Dili Xie
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang T, Tang N, Xi D, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Wang L, Tang Y, Zhang X, Zhong H, He F. Calcimimetic R568 improved cardiac remodeling by classic and novel renin-angiotensin system in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:789-801. [PMID: 31159562 PMCID: PMC6643192 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219854325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One major cause of cardiac mortality is heart disease caused by hypertension. The formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is inhibited by calcium-sensitive receptor (CaSR) activation which increases intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and suppresses renin release. As we know, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is closely related to development of essential hypertension (EH). Therefore, we focused on exploring the roles of NPSR568 (R568)-activated CaSR in cardiac remodeling of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), as well as the activity of classic and novel RAS. Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) and SHRs were treated by R568 for four and eight weeks, respectively, and their blood pressure (BP), echocardiographic values, heart-to-body weight ratio (HW/BW%), and left ventricle-to-body weight ratio (LVW/BW%) were evaluated. Then Masson’s trichrome staining and hematoxylin and eosin staining as well as RT-qPCR analysis of β-isoform of myosin heavy chain and brain natriuretic peptide mRNA expression were performed. A Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay and analysis of apoptosis marker proteins were used to assess the extent of myocardial apoptosis. The CaSR expression and the activity of classic and novel RAS were examined by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The present study revealed that the development of hypertension was accompanied by increased BP, apoptosis, hypertrophy, and fibrosis, along with decreased expression of CaSR, decreased novel RAS, and increased classic RAS in myocardial tissues. R568 administration for four and eight weeks reduced BP and myocardial remodeling and reversed the low expression of CaSR; moreover, classic RAS was suppressed and novel RAS was activated in the myocardium. Taken together, these data indicate that R568 may effectively inhibit EH myocardial remodeling by inhibiting classic RAS and activating novel RAS in SHRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang
Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Na Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang
Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Xi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang
Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yongli Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang
Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yongmin Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang
Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Lamei Wang
- Centre of Medical Functional Experiments, Medical College of
Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of
Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Xiaoni Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang
Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China
and Department of Emergency and critical care medicine, the First Affiliated
Hospital of Medical College of Shihezi University
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang
Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang
Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, People’s
Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yuan H, Xu J, Xu X, Gao T, Wang Y, Fan Y, Hu J, Shao Y, Zhao B, Li H, Sun J, Xu C. Calhex 231 Alleviates High Glucose-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis via Inhibiting Itch-Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway in Vitro. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:1337-1344. [PMID: 31167987 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major complication of diabetes, and features myocardial fibrosis as its main pathological feature. Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G protein-coupled receptor, which involves in myocardial fibrosis by regulation of calcium homeostasis. Calhex231, the CaSR inhibitor, is not clear whether it regulates myocardial fibrosis in DCM. In the present study, type 1 diabetic (T1D) rats and primary neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts were used to observe the role of Calhex231. In vivo experiments showed that in the T1D group, contractile dysfunction and the deposition of collagen I and III were obvious after 12 weeks. In vitro experiments, we found that high glucose (HG) could increase the expression of CaSR, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) collagen I/III, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP9, along with cardiac fibroblast migration and proliferation. We further demonstrated that CaSR activation increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration and upregulated the expression of Itch (atrophin-1 interacting protein 4), which resulted in increasing the ubiquitination levels of Smad7 and upregulating the expression of p-Smad2, p-Smad3. However, treatment with Calhex231 clearly inhibited the above-mentioned changes. Collectively these results suggest that Calhex231 could inhibit Itch-ubiquitin proteasome and TGF-β1/Smads pathways, and then depress the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts, along with the reduction deposition of collagen, alleviate glucose-induced myocardial fibrosis. Our findings indicate an important new mechanism for myocardial fibrosis, and suggest Calhex231 would be a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuan
- Department of Medical Functional Experiment, Mudanjiang Medical University
| | - Jiyu Xu
- Department of Medical Functional Experiment, Mudanjiang Medical University
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- Department of Medical Functional Experiment, Mudanjiang Medical University
| | - Tielei Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University
| | - Yuehong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University
| | - Yuqi Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University
| | - Yiying Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University
| | - Bingbing Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University
| | - Hongzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Medical Functional Experiment, Mudanjiang Medical University
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yuan H, Fan Y, Wang Y, Gao T, Shao Y, Zhao B, Li H, Xu C, Wei C. Calcium‑sensing receptor promotes high glucose‑induced myocardial fibrosis via upregulation of the TGF‑β1/Smads pathway in cardiac fibroblasts. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1093-1102. [PMID: 31173208 PMCID: PMC6625450 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major complication of diabetes and myocardial fibrosis is its major pathological feature. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G protein-coupled receptor and participates in the regulation of calcium homeostasis; it is implicated in a range of diseases, including myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction and pulmonary hypertension. However, whether CaSR is associated with myocardial fibrosis in DCM has remained elusive. In the present study, type 1 diabetic (T1D) rats and primary neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were used to observe changes in CaSR to assess its potential as an indicator of myocardial fibrosis. The in vivo experiments revealed that in the T1D and CaSR agonist (R568) groups, evident collagen (Col)-I and -III deposition was present after 12 weeks. Furthermore, the in vitro experiment indicated that the levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, phosphorylated (p-) protein kinase C, p-p38, p-Smad2, TβRI, TβRII, along with the intracellular Ca2+ levels and the content of TGF-β1 in the culture medium were significantly increased in a high-glucose (HG) group and an R568-treated group. Treatment with the CaSR inhibitor Calhex231 significantly inhibited the abovementioned changes. Collectively, the results indicated that the increase of CaSR expression in CFs may induce intracellular Ca2+ increases and the activation of TGF-β1/Smads, and enhance the proliferation of CFs, along with the excessive deposition of Col, resulting in myocardial fibrosis. The present results indicate an important novel mechanism for HG-induced myocardial fibrosis and suggest that CaSR may be a promising potential therapeutic target for DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yuehong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Tielei Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yiying Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Bingbing Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Can Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Müller D, Hagenah D, Biswanath S, Coffee M, Kampmann A, Zweigerdt R, Heisterkamp A, Kalies SMK. Femtosecond laser-based nanosurgery reveals the endogenous regeneration of single Z-discs including physiological consequences for cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3625. [PMID: 30842507 PMCID: PMC6403391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly organized cytoskeleton architecture is the basis for continuous and controlled contraction in cardiomyocytes (CMs). Abnormalities in cytoskeletal elements, like the Z-disc, are linked to several diseases. It is challenging to reveal the mechanisms of CM failure, endogenous repair, or mechanical homeostasis on the scale of single cytoskeletal elements. Here, we used a femtosecond (fs) laser to ablate single Z-discs in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) -derived CMs (hPSC-CM) and neonatal rat CMs. We show, that CM viability was unaffected by the loss of a single Z-disc. Furthermore, more than 40% of neonatal rat and 68% of hPSC-CMs recovered the Z-disc loss within 24 h. Significant differences to control cells, after the Z-disc loss, in terms of cell perimeter, x- and y-expansion and calcium homeostasis were not found. Only 14 days in vitro old hPSC-CMs reacted with a significant decrease in cell area, x- and y-expansion 24 h past nanosurgery. This demonstrates that CMs can compensate the loss of a single Z-disc and recover a regular sarcomeric pattern during spontaneous contraction. It also highlights the significant potential of fs laser-based nanosurgery to physically micro manipulate CMs to investigate cytoskeletal functions and organization of single elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Müller
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany. .,REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany.
| | - Dorian Hagenah
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
| | - Santoshi Biswanath
- REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical, School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michelle Coffee
- REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical, School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kampmann
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany.,Clinic for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical, School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Heisterkamp
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan M K Kalies
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stancu S, Mircescu G, Mocanu A, Capusa C, Stefan G. Metabolic Acidosis of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disorders. MÆDICA 2019; 13:267-272. [PMID: 30774724 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2018.13.4.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The burden of chronic diseases, which include both cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), is constantly growing worldwide. Moreover, bidirectional links between kidney and heart disorders are commonly recognized and the pathogenesis of these interactions is a matter of current interest in medicine. One remarkable aspect, extensively showed by epidemiological studies, is the very high prevalence of CVD in patients with CKD, up to thirty times higher than in the general population. Since the traditional cardiovascular risk factors cannot solely account for this difference, numerous abnormalities due to the decline in glomerular filtration rate were hypothesized to be involved as non-traditional risk factors for CVD. Among them, the metabolic acidosis frequently seen in advanced CKD was studied, but conflicting results were reported. Therefore, we intend to briefly summarize the current knowledge and points of controversy regarding the possible influence of CKD-related chronic metabolic acidosis on cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Stancu
- Nephrology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Mircescu
- Nephrology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Mocanu
- "Dr. Carol Davila" Teaching Hospital of Nephrology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Capusa
- Nephrology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Stefan
- Nephrology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu CQ, Wang Y, Bai S, He Y, Wei C. THE ROLE OF CALCIUM SENSING RECEPTOR IN DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY AND ITS UNDERLAYING MECHANISM. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
17
|
Tong F, Chai R, Jiang H, Dong B. In vitro/vivo drug release and anti-diabetic cardiomyopathy properties of curcumin/PBLG-PEG-PBLG nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:1945-1962. [PMID: 29662310 PMCID: PMC5892954 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s153763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to survey the therapeutic function of curcumin-encapsulated poly(gamma-benzyl l-glutamate)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(gammabenzyl l-glutamate) (PBLG-PEG-PBLG) (P) on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) via cross regulation effect of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and endogenous cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Methods Diabetic rats were preconditioned with 20 mg/kg curcumin or curcumin/P complex continuously for 8 weeks. The blood and myocardiums were collected, the level of serum H2S was observed, and the [Ca2+]i content was measured in myocardial cells, and hematoxylin-eosin, CaSR, CSE, and calmodulin (CaM) expression were detected. Results Both curcumin and curcumin/P pretreatment alleviated pathological morphological damage of myocardium, increased H2S and [Ca2+]i levels, and upregulated the expression of CaSR, CSE, and CaM as compared to DCM group, while curcumin/P remarkably augmented this effect. Conclusion PBLG-PEG-PBLG could improve water-solubility and bioactivity of curcumin and curcumin/PBLG-PEG-PBLG significantly alleviated diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongkui Chai
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Dong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gerbino A, Colella M. The Different Facets of Extracellular Calcium Sensors: Old and New Concepts in Calcium-Sensing Receptor Signalling and Pharmacology. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E999. [PMID: 29584660 PMCID: PMC5979557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current interest of the scientific community for research in the field of calcium sensing in general and on the calcium-sensing Receptor (CaR) in particular is demonstrated by the still increasing number of papers published on this topic. The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor is the best-known G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) able to sense external Ca2+ changes. Widely recognized as a fundamental player in systemic Ca2+ homeostasis, the CaR is ubiquitously expressed in the human body where it activates multiple signalling pathways. In this review, old and new notions regarding the mechanisms by which extracellular Ca2+ microdomains are created and the tools available to measure them are analyzed. After a survey of the main signalling pathways triggered by the CaR, a special attention is reserved for the emerging concepts regarding CaR function in the heart, CaR trafficking and pharmacology. Finally, an overview on other Ca2+ sensors is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy.
| | - Matilde Colella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hu B, Tong F, Xu L, Shen Z, Yan L, Xu G, Shen R. Role of Calcium Sensing Receptor in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Exposed to Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Kidney Blood Press Res 2018; 43:276-286. [PMID: 29490306 DOI: 10.1159/000487685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (RI/RI) is a common complication of diabetes, and it may be involved in altering intracellular calcium concentrations at its onset, which can result in inflammation, abnormal lipid metabolism, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitroso-redox imbalance. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein coupled receptor, however, the functional involvement of CaSR in diabetic RI/ RI remains unclear. The present study was intended to investigate the role of CaSR on RI/RI in diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS The bilateral renal arteries and veins of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were subjected to 45-min ischemia followed by 2-h reperfusion with or without R-568 (agonist of CaSR) and NPS-2143 (antagonist of CaSR) at the beginning of I/R procedure. DM without renal I/R rats served as control group. The expressions of CaSR, calmodulin (CaM), and p47phox in the renal tissue were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The renal pathomorphology, renal function, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and calcium disorder were evaluated by detection of a series of indices by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, transmission electron microscope (TEM), commercial kits, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and spectrophotofluorometry, respectively. RESULTS Results showed that the expressions of CaSR, CaM, and p47phox in I/R group were significantly up-regulated as compared with those in DM group, which were accompanied by renal tissue injury, increased calcium, oxidative stress, inflammation, and nitroso-redox imbalance. CONCLUSION These results suggest that activation of CaSR is involved in the induction of damage of renal tubular epithelial cell during diabetic RI/RI, resulting in lipid peroxidation, inflammatory response, nitroso-redox imbalance, and apoptosis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen P, Zhu Y, Wan H, Wang Y, Hao P, Cheng Z, Liu Y, Liu J. Effects of the Oral Administration of K 2Cr 2O 7 and Na 2SeO 3 on Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn Contents in the Heart, Liver, Spleen, and Kidney of Chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 180:285-296. [PMID: 28353138 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-0999-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of selenium on the ion profiles in the heart, liver, spleen, and kidney through the oral administration of hexavalent chromium. Approximately 22.14 mg/kg b.w. K2Cr2O7 was added to water to establish a chronic poisoning model. Different selenium levels (0.00, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.50, and 5.00 mg Na2SeO3/kg b.w.) around the safe dose were administered to the experimental group model. Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn were detected in the organs through flame atomic absorption spectrometry after these organs were exposed to K2Cr2O7 and Na2SeO3 for 14, 28, and 42 days. Results showed that these elements exhibited various changes. Ca contents declined in the heart, liver, and spleen. Ca contents also decreased on the 28th day and increased on the 42nd day in the kidney. Mn contents declined in the heart and spleen but increased in the kidney. Mn contents also decreased on the 28th day and increased on the 42nd day in the liver. Cu contents declined in the heart and spleen. Cu contents increased on the 28th day and decreased on the 42nd day in the liver and kidney. Zn contents declined in the heart and spleen. Zn contents increased on the 28th day and decreased on the 42nd day in the liver and kidney. Fe contents decreased in the heart and liver. Fe contents increased on the 28th day and decreased on the 42nd day in the spleen and kidney. Mg contents did not significantly change in these organs. Appropriate selenium contents enhanced Mn and Zn contents, which were declined by chromium. Conversely, appropriate selenium contents reduced Ca, Fe, and Cu contents, which were increased by chromium. In conclusion, the exposure of chickens to K2Cr2O7 induced changes in different trace elements, and Na2SeO3 supplementation could alleviate this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Yiran Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Huiyu Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Pan Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sun JF, Yang HL, Huang YH, Chen Q, Cao XB, Li DP, Shu HM, Jiang RY. CaSR and calpain contribute to the ischemia reperfusion injury of spinal cord. Neurosci Lett 2017; 646:49-55. [PMID: 28284837 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury (SCIRI) can cause spinal cord dysfunction and even devastating paraplegia. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and calpain are two calcium related molecules which have been reported to be involved in the ischemia reperfusion injury of cardiomyocytes and the subsequent apoptosis. Here, we studied the expression of CaSR and calpain in spinal cord neurons and tissues, followed by the further investigation of the role of CaSR/calpain axis in the cellular apoptosis process during SCIRI. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies showed that the expression of CaSR and calpain in spinal cord neurons increased during SCIRI. Moreover, the CaSR agonist GdCl3 and antagonist NPS-2390 enhanced or decreased the expression of CaSR and calpain respectively. The expressions of CaSR and calpain were also consistent with the cellular apoptosis in spinal cord. Taken together, CaSR-calpain contributes to the SCIRI apoptosis, and CaSR antagonist might be a helpful drug for alleviating SCIRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Fu Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui-Lin Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yong-Hui Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing-Bing Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da-Peng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao-Ming Shu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Run-Yu Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Activation of the Ca 2+-sensing receptors increases currents through inward rectifier K + channels via activation of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1931-1943. [PMID: 27838849 PMCID: PMC5138266 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Inward rectifier K+ channels are important for maintaining normal electrical function in many cell types. The proper function of these channels requires the presence of membrane phosphoinositide 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Stimulation of the Ca2+-sensing receptor CaR, a pleiotropic G protein-coupled receptor, activates both Gq/11, which decreases PIP2, and phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI-4-K), which, conversely, increases PIP2. How membrane PIP2 levels are regulated by CaR activation and whether these changes modulate inward rectifier K+ are unknown. In this study, we found that activation of CaR by the allosteric agonist, NPSR568, increased inward rectifier K+ current (I K1) in guinea pig ventricular myocytes and currents mediated by Kir2.1 channels exogenously expressed in HEK293T cells with a similar sensitivity. Moreover, using the fluorescent PIP2 reporter tubby-R332H-cYFP to monitor PIP2 levels, we found that CaR activation in HEK293T cells increased membrane PIP2 concentrations. Pharmacological studies showed that both phospholipase C (PLC) and PI-4-K are activated by CaR stimulation with the latter played a dominant role in regulating membrane PIP2 and, thus, Kir currents. These results provide the first direct evidence that CaR activation upregulates currents through inward rectifier K+ channels by accelerating PIP2 synthesis. The regulation of I K1 plays a critical role in the stability of the electrical properties of many excitable cells, including cardiac myocytes and neurons. Further, synthetic allosteric modulators that increase CaR activity have been used to treat hyperparathyroidism, and negative CaR modulators are of potential importance in the treatment of osteoporosis. Thus, our results provide further insight into the roles played by CaR in the cardiovascular system and are potentially valuable for heart disease treatment and drug safety.
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang L, Cao S, Deng S, Yao G, Yu T. Ischemic postconditioning and pinacidil suppress calcium overload in anoxia-reoxygenation cardiomyocytes via down-regulation of the calcium-sensing receptor. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2612. [PMID: 27833799 PMCID: PMC5101590 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic postconditioning (IPC) and ATP sensitive potassium channel (KATP) agonists (e.g. pinacidil and diazoxide) postconditioning are effective methods to defeat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, but their specific mechanisms of reducing I/R injury are not fully understood. We observed an intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) overload in Anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) cardiomyocytes, which can be reversed by KATP agonists diazoxide or pinacidil. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) regulates intracellular calcium homeostasis. CaSR was reported to be involved in the I/R-induced apoptosis in rat cardiomyocytes. We therefore hypothesize that IPC and pinacidil postconditioning (PPC) reduce calcium overload in I/R cardiomyocytes by the down-regulation of CaSR. A/R model was established with adult rat caridomyocyte. mRNA and protein expression of CaSR were detected, IPC, PPC and KATP’s effects on [Ca2+]i concentration was assayed too. IPC and PPC ameliorated A/R insult induced [Ca2+]i overload in cardiomyocytes. In addition, they down-regulated the mRNA and protein level of CaSR as we expected. CaSR agonist spermine and KATP blocker glibenclamide offset IPC’s effects on CaSR expression and [Ca2+]i modulation. Our data indicate that CaSR down-regulation contributes to the mitigation of calcium overload in A/R cardiomyocytes, which may partially represents IPC and KATP’s myocardial protective mechanism under I/R circumstances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Song Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shengli Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Gang Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang Y, Wang X, Liang X, Wu J, Dong S, Li H, Jin M, Sun D, Zhang W, Zhong X. Inhibition of hydrogen sulfide on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells involved in the modulation of calcium sensing receptor in high homocysteine. Exp Cell Res 2016; 347:184-191. [PMID: 27502588 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia induces the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) inhibits the phenotype switch of VSMCs and calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) regulated the production of endogenous H2S. However, whether CaSR inhibits the proliferation of VSMCs by regulating the endogenous cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE, a major enzyme that produces H2S) pathway in high homocysteine (HHcy) has not been previously investigated. The intracellular calcium concentration, the concentration of H2S, the cell viability, the proliferation and the expression of proteins of cultured VSMCs from rat thoracic aortas were measured, respectively. The results showed that the [Ca(2+)]i and the expression of p-CaMK and CSE increased upon treatment with CaSR agonist. In HHcy, the H2S concentration decrease, the proliferation and migration rate increased, the expression of Cyclin D1, PCNA, Osteopontin and p-Erk1/2 increased while the α-SM actin, P21(Cip/WAK-1) and Calponin decreased. The CaSR agonist or exogenous H2S significantly reversed the changes of VSMCs caused by HHcy. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that CaSR regulate the endogenous CSE/H2S is related to the PLC-IP3 receptor and CaM signal pathways which inhibit the proliferation of VSMCs, and the latter is involved in the Erk1/2 dependent signal pathway in high homocysteine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiyao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaohui Liang
- Department of Radiology, Central Hospital of the Red Cross, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Jichao Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shiyun Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Hongzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Meili Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu L, Wang C, Lin Y, Xi Y, Li H, Shi S, Li H, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Tian Y, Xu C, Wang L. Suppression of calcium‑sensing receptor ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy through inhibition of autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:111-20. [PMID: 27176663 PMCID: PMC4918534 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) releases intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) by accumulating inositol phosphate. Changes in [Ca2+]i initiate myocardial hypertrophy. Furthermore, autophagy associated with [Ca2+]i. Autophagy has previously been demonstrated to participate in the hypertrophic process. The current study investigated whether suppression of CaSR affects the hypertrophic response via modulating autophagy. Isoproterenol (ISO) was used to induce cardiac hypertrophy in Wistar rats. Hypertrophic status was determined by echocardiographic assessment, hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson's staining. The protein expression levels of CaSR and autophagy level were observed. Changes of hypertrophy and autophagy indicators were observed following intravenous injection of a CaSR inhibitor. An ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy model was established and used determine the involvement of GdCl3. [Ca2+]i was determined using Fluo-4/AM dye followed by confocal microscopy. The expression levels of various active proteins were analyzed by western blotting. The size of the heart, expression levels of CaSR and autophagy level were markedly increased in hypertrophic myocardium. In addition, the present study demonstrated that the indicators of hypertrophy and autophagy were effectively suppressed by CaSR inhibitor. Furthermore, similar effects were demonstrated in neonatal rat hypertrophic cardiomyocytes treated with ISO. It was also observed that CaSR regulates the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ)-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway induced by ISO in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the AMPK inhibition significantly reduced the autophagy level following CaSR stimulation (P<0.05). The results of the present demonstrated that inhibition of CaSR may ameliorate cardiac hypertrophy induced by ISO and the effect may be associated with the inhibition of autophagy and suppression of the CaMKKβ-AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161042, P.R. China
| | - Yuhui Xi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Sa Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cao S, Liu Y, Sun W, Zhao L, Zhang L, Liu X, Yu T. Genome-Wide Expression Profiling of Anoxia/Reoxygenation in Rat Cardiomyocytes Uncovers the Role of MitoKATP in Energy Homeostasis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:756576. [PMID: 26171116 PMCID: PMC4485557 DOI: 10.1155/2015/756576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoK(ATP)) is a common end effector of many protective stimuli in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). However, the specific molecular mechanism underlying its myocardial protective effect is not well elucidated. We characterized an anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) model using freshly isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes. MitoK(ATP) status was interfered with its specific opener diazoxide (DZ) or blocker 5-hydroxydecanote (5-HD). Digital gene expression (DGE) and bioinformatic analysis were deployed. Three energy metabolism related genes (MT-ND6, Idh2, and Acadl) were upregulated when mitoK(ATP) opened. In addition, as many as 20 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in five energy homeostasis correlated pathways (PPAR, TCA cycle, fatty acid metabolism, and peroxisome). These findings indicated that mitoK(ATP) opening in MIRI resulted in energy mobilization, which was confirmed by measuring ATP content in cardiomyocytes. These causal outcomes could be a molecular mechanism of myocardial protection of mitoKATP and suggested that the mitoK(ATP) opening plays a physiologic role in triggering cardiomyocytes' energy homeostasis during MIRI. Strategies of modulating energy expenditure during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion may be promising approaches to reduce MIRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
- Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Wenting Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xinkui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li L, Chen F, Cao YG, Qi HP, Huang W, Wang Y, Jing S, Sun HL. Role of Calcium-Sensing Receptor in Cardiac Injury of Hereditary Epileptic Rats. Pharmacology 2015; 95:10-21. [DOI: 10.1159/000369627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
28
|
Wang Y, Shi S, Dong S, Wu J, Song M, Zhong X, Liu Y. Sodium hydrosulfide attenuates hyperhomocysteinemia rat myocardial injury through cardiac mitochondrial protection. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 399:189-200. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
29
|
Li H, Wei C, Gao J, Bai S, Li H, Zhao Y, Li H, Han L, Tian Y, Yang G, Wang R, Wu L, Xu C. Mediation of dopamine D2 receptors activation in post-conditioning-attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 2014; 323:118-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
30
|
Mechanisms by which calcium receptor stimulation modifies electromechanical coupling in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:379-88. [PMID: 24687204 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is widely expressed throughout the entire cardiovascular system and is capable of activating signaling pathways in different cells. Alongside calcium, the CaR also responds to physiological polycations such as putrescine underlining a participation in physiological and pathophysiological processes. Here, we aimed to determine mechanisms as to how CaR activation affects the contractile responsiveness of ventricular cardiomyocytes under basal and stimulated conditions. For that purpose, cardiac myocytes from 3-month-old male Wistar rats were isolated, and the acute effects of an antagonist (NPS2390), agonists (putrescine and gadolinium), or of downregulation of the CaR by siRNA on cell shortening were recorded in a cell-edge-detection system. In addition, experiments were performed on muscle stripes and Langendorff preparations. Mechanistic insights were taken from calcium transients of beating fura-2 AM-loaded cardiomyocytes and western blots. Isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes constitutively express CaR. The expression in the atria is less pronounced. Acute inhibition of CaR reduced basal cell shortening of ventricular myocytes at nearly physiological levels of extracellular calcium. Inhibition of CaR strongly reduced contractility of ventricular muscle stripes but not of atria. Activation of CaR by putrescine and gadolinium influences the contractile responsiveness of isolated cardiomyocytes. Increased calcium mobilization from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via an IP3-dependent mechanism was responsible for amplified systolic calcium transients and a subsequent improvement in cell shortening. Alongside with these effects, activation of CaR increased relaxation velocity of the cells. In conclusion, ventricular CaR expression affects contractile parameters of ventricular heart muscle cells and modifies electromechanical coupling of cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
|
31
|
Kong F, Luan Y, Zhang ZH, Cheng GH, Qi TG, Sun C. Baicalin protects the myocardium from reperfusion-induced damage in isolated rat hearts via the antioxidant and paracrine effect. Exp Ther Med 2013; 7:254-259. [PMID: 24348801 PMCID: PMC3861453 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of baicalin (BA) against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts. Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were rapidly removed, mounted on a Langendorff apparatus and subjected to 30 min ischemia followed by 30 min reperfusion with Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution at 37°C to establish the isolated I/R injury model. All animals (n=50) were randomly divided into five groups (n=10 in each): I, normal control; II, I/R; III, I/R plus 20 mg/kg BA; IV, I/R plus 40 mg/kg BA; and V, I/R plus 80 mg/kg BA. The degree of heart injury caused by the I/R was assessed by evaluating left ventricular function and by detecting the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) in the coronary effluent and the myocardial superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the isolated rat hearts. Myocardial infarct size and vascular density were assessed using histology and immunohistochemistry. The apoptotic cardiomyocytes were determined using flow cytometry (FCM). Compared with group II, the BA groups demonstrated improved left ventricular function, reduced CK and LDH release in the coronary effluent and increased SOD and MDA activity (P<0.05). Furthermore, histology and immunohistochemistry results showed that the infarct size was reduced and vessel density was augmented in the BA groups (P<0.01) compared with group II. The FCM results indicated that apoptosis was significantly lower in the BA groups than in group II (P<0.05) and that the protective effect was dose-dependent. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that BA exerts a dose-dependent protective effect on I/R injury in isolated rat hearts, the mechanisms of which may be associated with antioxidant and anti-apoptosis properties. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first evaluation of the efficacy of BA in isolated rat hearts using histology and immunohistochemistry, providing a foundation for the use of BA in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Kong
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yun Luan
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Hui Cheng
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Tong-Gang Qi
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Chao Sun
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
The roles of traditional chinese medicine: shen-fu injection on the postresuscitation care bundle. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:319092. [PMID: 24066009 PMCID: PMC3771486 DOI: 10.1155/2013/319092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Survival rates following in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrests remain disappointingly low. Organ injury caused by ischemia and hypoxia during prolonged cardiac arrest is compounded by reperfusion injury that occurs when a spontaneous circulation is restored. A bundle of procedures, which may need to be administered simultaneously, is required. The procedures include prompt identification and treatment of the cause of cardiac arrest, as well as a definitive airway and ventilation together. Additional benefit is possible with appropriate forms of early goal-directed therapy and achieving therapeutic hypothermia within the first few hours, followed by gradual rewarming and ensuring glycaemic control to be within a range of 6 to 10 mmol/L. All these would be important and need to be continued for at least 24 hours. Previous studies have showed that the effects of Shen-Fu injection (SFI) are based on aconitine properties, supplemented by ginsenoside, which can scavenge free radicals, improve energy metabolism, inhibit inflammatory mediators, suppress cell apoptosis, and alleviate mitochondrial damage. SFI, like many other complex prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine, was also found to be more effective than any of its ingredient used separately in vivo. As the postresuscitation care bundle is known to be, the present paper focuses on the role of SFI played on the postresuscitation care bundle.
Collapse
|
33
|
Qi H, Cao Y, Huang W, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li L, Liu L, Ji Z, Sun H. Crucial role of calcium-sensing receptor activation in cardiac injury of diabetic rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65147. [PMID: 23717692 PMCID: PMC3661517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac injury is a common pathological change frequently accompanied by diabetes mellitus. Recently, some evidence indicated that calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) expressed in the cardiac tissue. However, the functional role of CaSR in diabetic cardiac injury remains unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between CaSR activation and diabetes-induced cardiac injury. Diabetic model was successfully established by administration of streptozotocin (STZ) in vivo, and cardiomyocyte injury was simulated by 25.5 mM glucose in vitro. Apoptotic rate, intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK), and p38 were examined. We demonstrated a significant increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) as well as decrease in maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise and fall (±dp/dtmax), and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was also observed by TUNEL staining. In vitro, 25.5 mM glucose-induced apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Further results showed that 25.5 mM glucose significantly increased [Ca2+]i, up-regulated the expression of Bax, P-ERK and P-JNK, and suppressed Bcl-2 expression. However, the above deleterious changes were further confirmed when co-treatment with CaSR agonist GdCl3 (300 µM). But the effects of GdCl3 were attenuated by 10 µM NPS-2390, a specific CaSR inhibitor. When CaSR was silence by siRNA transfection, the effects of high glucose were inhibited. These results suggest that CaSR activation could lead to the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in diabetic cardiac injury through the induction of calcium overload, the activation of the mitochondrial, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanping Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yonggang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Basic Nursing, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Surgery, Fifth Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhong Ji
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhong X, Wang L, Wang Y, Dong S, Leng X, Jia J, Zhao Y, Li H, Zhang X, Xu C, Yang G, Wu L, Wang R, Lu F, Zhang W. Exogenous hydrogen sulfide attenuates diabetic myocardial injury through cardiac mitochondrial protection. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 371:187-98. [PMID: 23001844 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the study, we investigated how exogenous H(2)S (hydrogen sulfide) influenced streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic myocardial injury through cardiac mitochondrial protection and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in intact rat hearts and primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Diabetes was induced by STZ (50 mg/kg) and the daily administration of 100 μM NaHS (sodium hydrosulfide, an H(2)S donor) in the diabetes + NaHS treatment group. At the end of 4, 8, and 12 weeks, the morphological alterations and functions of the hearts were observed using transmission electron microscopy and echocardiography system. The percentage of apoptotic cardiomyocytes, the mitochondrial membrane potential, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the level of NO were measured. The expressions of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), caspase-3 and -9, the mitochondrial NOX4 and cytochrome c were analyzed by western blotting. The results showed the cardiac function injured, morphological changes and the apoptotic rate increased in the diabetic rat hearts. In the primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes of high glucose group, ROS production was increased markedly, whereas the expression of CSE and the level of NO was decreased. However, treatment with NaHS significantly reversed the diabetic rat hearts function, the morphological changes and decreased the levels of ROS and NO in the primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes administrated with high glucose group. Furthermore, NaHS down-regulated the expression of mitochondrial NOX4 and caspase-3 and -9 and inhibited the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria in the primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, H(2)S is involved in the attenuation of diabetic myocardial injury through the protection of cardiac mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cyclosporin A induces apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells through calcium-sensing receptor-mediated activation of the ERK MAPK and p38 MAPK pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 367:227-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
36
|
Guo J, Li HZ, Wang LC, Zhang WH, Li GW, Xing WJ, Wang R, Xu CQ. Increased expression of calcium-sensing receptors in atherosclerosis confers hypersensitivity to acute myocardial infarction in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 366:345-54. [PMID: 22527939 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Most cases of AMI result from coronary atherosclerosis (AS). The pathogenic mechanisms underlying AS lesions and AMI are incompletely understood. Calcium-sensing receptors (CaSR) belong to a family of G-protein-coupled receptors. We previously discovered that CaSR was expressed in the heart tissue of adult rats. CaSR may contribute to AMI in AS. We initially established a rat model of AS by injection of vitamin D(3) and feeding with a high-fat diet. Isoproterenol (ISO) was used to induce AMI. The MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), tetrazolium chloride staining, and cardiac function parameters were selected as indicators of myocardial damage or necrosis. Cardiac apoptosis was analyzed by transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Expression of CaSR, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, and p-p38 were determined by Western blot analysis. Compared with the control group, levels of cTnT, CK-MB, and LDH; number of TUNEL-positive cells; and expression of CaSR, Bax, caspase-3, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK and p-p38, were significantly increased, whereas cardiac function and expression of Bcl-2 were decreased markedly in isoproterenol (ISO)-treated group (C/ISO) and AS groups. These changes were significant in the AS/ISO group than in the C/ISO group or AS group. The upregulation of CaSR during AS formation renders hypersensitivity to AMI. Activation of the pro-apoptotic mitochondria pathway and JNK-p38 MAPK pathway triggered by increased expression of CaSR may be one of molecular mechanisms underlying AMI in AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Garcia-Dorado D, Ruiz-Meana M, Inserte J, Rodriguez-Sinovas A, Piper HM. Calcium-mediated cell death during myocardial reperfusion. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 94:168-80. [PMID: 22499772 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion may induce additional cell death in patients with acute myocardial infarction receiving primary angioplasty or thrombolysis. Altered intracellular Ca(2+) handling was initially considered an essential mechanism of reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte death. However, more recent studies have demonstrated the importance of Ca(2+)-independent mechanisms that converge on mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and are shared by cardiomyocytes and other cell types. This article analyses the importance of Ca(2+)-dependent cell death in light of these new observations. Altered Ca(2+) handling includes increased cytosolic Ca(2+) levels, leading to activation of calpain-mediated proteolysis and sarcoplasmic reticulum-driven oscillations; this can induce hypercontracture, but also MPT due to the privileged Ca(2+) transfer between sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria through cytosolic Ca(2+) microdomains. In the opposite direction, permeability transition can worsen altered Ca(2+) handling and favour hypercontracture. Ca(2+) appears to play an important role in cell death during the initial minutes of reperfusion, particularly after brief periods of ischaemia. Developing effective and safe treatments to prevent Ca(2+)-mediated cardiomyocyte death in patients with transient ischaemia, by targeting Ca(2+) influx, intracellular Ca(2+) handling, or Ca(2+)-induced cell death effectors, is an unmet challenge with important therapeutic implications and large potential clinical impact.
Collapse
|
38
|
Kyriakou LG, Tzirogiannis KN, Demonakou MD, Kourentzi KT, Mykoniatis MG, Panoutsopoulos GI. Gadolinium chloride pretreatment ameliorates acute cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 29:624-32. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233711430971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a known industrial and environmental pollutant. It causes hepatotoxicity upon acute administration. Features of cadmium-induced acute hepatoxicity encompass necrosis, apoptosis, peliosis and inflammatory infiltration. Gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) may prevent cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity by suppressing Kupffer cells. The effect of GdCl3 pretreatment on a model of acute cadmium-induced liver injury was investigated. Male Wistar rats 4–5 months old were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline followed by cadmium chloride (CdCl2; 6.5 mg/kg) or GdCl3 (10 mg/kg) followed by CdCl2 (6.5 mg/kg; groups I and II, respectively). Rats of both the groups were killed at 9, 12, 16, 24, 48 and 60 h after cadmium intoxication. Liver sections were analyzed for necrosis, apoptosis, peliosis and mitoses. Liver regeneration was also evaluated by tritiated thymidine incorporation into hepatic DNA. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also determined. Hepatic necrosis, hepatocyte and nonparenchymal cell apoptosis and macroscopic and microscopic types of peliosis hepatis were minimized by gadolinium pretreatment. Serum levels of AST and ALT were also greatly diminished in rats of group II. Tritiated thymidine incorporation into hepatic DNA was increased in gadolinium pretreatment rats. Kupffer cell activation was minimal in both the groups of rats. Gadolinium pretreatment attenuates acute cadmium-induced liver injury in young Wistar rats, with mechanisms other than Kupffer cell elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loukas G Kyriakou
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical School, Athens University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria D Demonakou
- Histopathology Laboratory, Sismanoglion G.D. Hospital, Marousi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi T Kourentzi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical School, Athens University, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael G Mykoniatis
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical School, Athens University, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios I Panoutsopoulos
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical School, Athens University, Athens, Greece
- Department of Nursing, University of Peloponnese, Orthias Artemidos and Plateon, Sparta, Lakonia, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gan R, Hu G, Zhao Y, Li H, Jin Z, Ren H, Dong S, Zhong X, Li H, Yang B, Xu C, Lu F, Zhang W. Post-conditioning protecting rat cardiomyocytes from apoptosis via attenuating calcium-sensing receptor-induced endo(sarco)plasmic reticulum stress. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 361:123-34. [PMID: 21984037 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that caclium-sensing receptor (CaR) stimulation elicited phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated inositol triphosphate (IP(3)) formation, leading to an elevation in [Ca(2+)](i) released from the endo(sarco)plasmic reticulum (ER) to induce ER stress and perturbations of ER function, which cause cardiomyocyte apoptosis during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). The aim of this study was to determine whether the protection of post-conditioning (PC) from I/R heart injury involved relieving calcium-sensing receptor (CaR)-induced ER stress. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion. The rats were post-conditioned after the 30 min of ischemia by three cycles of 10 s of reperfusion followed by 10 s of ischemia at the onset of reperfusion. Meanwhile, GdCl(3), an activator of CaR, and NPS-2390, a specific inhibitor, were administered. We found that the PC and PC with NPS-2390 groups improved the recovery of cardiac function during reperfusion compared to the IR and PC groups with GdCl(3), respectively. [Ca(2+)](i) and [Ca(2+)](ER) were determined using Fluo-4 AM and Fluo-5N AM, respectively, using laser confocal microscopy. [Ca(2+)](i) was significantly increased, whereas [Ca(2+)](ER) was significantly decreased in the I/R and PC groups with GdCl(3). The rate of apoptotic cells was significantly decreased as shown by TUNEL (Terminal deoxy-nucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) assay in PC and PC with NPS-2390 groups compared to the I/R and PC groups with GdCl(3). In the I/R and PC groups with GdCl(3), the activated fragments of caspase-12, the cleavage products of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and phospho-JNK (c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase) were increased compared to the PC and PC with GdCl(3) groups. These results demonstrated that PC could protect the myocardium from I/R injury by inhibiting CaR-induced sarcoplasmic reticulum stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runtao Gan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li HZ, Guo J, Gao J, Han LP, Jiang CM, Li HX, Bai SZ, Zhang WH, Li GW, Wang LN, Li H, Zhao YJ, Lin Y, Tian Y, Yang GD, Wang R, Wu LY, Yang BF, Xu CQ. Role of dopamine D2 receptors in ischemia/reperfusion induced apoptosis of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. J Biomed Sci 2011; 18:18. [PMID: 21324201 PMCID: PMC3050795 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-18-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury is the major cause of morbidity and mortality for cardiovascular diseases. Dopamine D2 receptors are expressed in cardiac tissues. However, the roles of dopamine D2 receptors in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardiomyocyte apoptosis are unclear. Here we investigated the effects of both dopamine D2 receptors agonist (bromocriptine) and antagonist (haloperidol) on apoptosis of cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury was simulated by incubating primarily cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in ischemic (hypoxic) buffer solution for 2 h. Thereafter, these cells were incubated for 24 h in normal culture medium. Results Treatment of the cardiomyocytes with 10 μM bromocriptine significantly decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity, increased superoxide dismutase activity, and decreased malondialdehyde content in the culture medium. Bromocriptine significantly inhibited the release of cytochrome c, accumulation of [Ca2+]i, and apoptosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury. Bromocriptine also down-regulated the expression of caspase-3 and -9, Fas and Fas ligand, and up-regulated Bcl-2 expression. In contrast, haloperidol (10 μM) had no significant effects on the apoptosis of cultured cardiomyocytes under the aforementioned conditions. Conclusions These data suggest that activation of dopamine D2 receptors can inhibit apoptosis of cardiomyocytes encountered during ischemia/reperfusion damage through various pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-zhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li GW, Wang QS, Hao JH, Xing WJ, Guo J, Li HZ, Bai SZ, Li HX, Zhang WH, Yang BF, Yang GD, Wu LY, Wang R, Xu CQ. The functional expression of extracellular calcium-sensing receptor in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. J Biomed Sci 2011; 18:16. [PMID: 21314926 PMCID: PMC3050794 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-18-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) belongs to family C of the G protein coupled receptors. Whether the CaSR is expressed in the pulmonary artery (PA) is unknown. METHODS The expression and distribution of CaSR were detected by RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence. PA tension was detected by the pulmonary arterial ring technique, and the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was detected by a laser-scanning confocal microscope. RESULTS The expressions of CaSR mRNA and protein were found in both rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and PAs. Increased levels of [Ca2+]o (extracellular calcium concentration) or Gd3+ (an agonist of CaSR) induced an increase of [Ca2+]i and PAs constriction in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the above-mentioned effects of Ca2+ and Gd3+ were inhibited by U73122 (specific inhibitor of PLC), 2-APB (specific antagonist of IP3 receptor), and thapsigargin (blocker of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase). CONCLUSIONS CaSR is expressed in rat PASMCs, and is involved in regulation of PA tension by increasing [Ca2+]i through G-PLC-IP3 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-wei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Compelling evidence of a cell surface receptor sensitive to extracellular calcium was observed as early as the 1980s and was finally realized in 1993 when the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) was cloned from bovine parathyroid tissue. Initial studies relating to the CaR focused on its key role in extracellular calcium homeostasis, but as the amount of information about the receptor grew it became evident that it was involved in many biological processes unrelated to calcium homeostasis. The CaR responds to a diverse array of stimuli extending well beyond that merely of calcium, and these stimuli can lead to the initiation of a wide variety of intracellular signaling pathways that in turn are able to regulate a diverse range of biological processes. It has been through the examination of the molecular characteristics of the CaR that we now have an understanding of how this single receptor is able to convert extracellular messages into specific cellular responses. Recent CaR-related reviews have focused on specific aspects of the receptor, generally in the context of the CaR's role in physiology and pathophysiology. This review will provide a comprehensive exploration of the different aspects of the receptor, including its structure, stimuli, signalling, interacting protein partners, and tissue expression patterns, and will relate their impact on the functionality of the CaR from a molecular perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Magno
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, First Floor, C Block, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Guo J, Li HZ, Zhang WH, Wang LC, Wang LN, Zhang L, Li GW, Li HX, Yang BF, Wu L, Wang R, Xu CQ. Increased expression of calcium-sensing receptors induced by ox-LDL amplifies apoptosis of cardiomyocytes during simulated ischaemia-reperfusion. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 37:e128-35. [PMID: 20409080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
1. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is strongly associated with atherosclerosis, and is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathogenic mechanisms that underlie atherosclerosis and AMI are undefined at present. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a member of the superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors. It has been demonstrated previously that the expression of CaSR is increased in atherosclerotic cardiac tissue of rats. It has also been suggested that CaSR has a crucial role in cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury, apoptosis and hypertrophy. However, it remains to be determined whether an increase in the expression of CaSR influences the sensitivity of cardiomyocytes to AMI. 2. The present study used cultured ventricular cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats to investigate the effect of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), ischaemia-reperfusion, GdCl(3) (an agonist of CaSR) and NPS-2390 (an antagonist of CaSR) on the expression of CaSR. The amount of apoptosis, alterations in the morphology of the cells, the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) and components of critical mitochondrial pathways were also analysed. 3. Cardiomyocytes treated with ox-LDL showed upregulated expression of CaSR, cytochrome c (cyt-c), Bax and activated caspase 3 (17 kD) and downregulated expression of Bcl-2, as well as elevated [Ca(2+)](i) and apoptosis. Application of GdCl(3) augmented these effects, and NPS-2390 decreased the expression of CaSR and reduced apoptosis. 4. In conclusion, ox-LDL was found to increase the expression of CaSR in a manner that was dependent on time and dose. It also augmented apoptosis during simulated ischaemia-reperfusion in cultured ventricular cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li GW, Xing WJ, Bai SZ, Hao JH, Guo J, Li HZ, Li HX, Zhang WH, Yang BF, Wu LY, Wang R, Yang GD, Xu CQ. The calcium-sensing receptor mediates hypoxia-induced proliferation of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells through MEK1/ERK1,2 and PI3K pathways. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 108:185-93. [PMID: 21073657 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) leads to an increase of intracellular calcium concentration and alteration of cellular activities. High level of intracellular calcium is involved in hypoxia-induced proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). However, whether the CaSR is expressed in PAMSCs and is related to the hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs is unclear. In this study, the expression and distribution of CaSRs were detected by RT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence; the intracellular concentration of free calcium ([Ca(2+) ](i) ) was determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy; cell proliferation was tested using an MTT and BrdU incorporation assay; cell cycle analysis was carried out using a flow cytometric assay; and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1,2 (ERK1,2) and AKT were analysed by western blotting. We observed that both CaSR mRNA and protein were expressed in rat PASMCs. Lowering of oxygen from 21% to 2.5% led to increased [Ca(2+) ](i) and CaSR expression. This condition of hypoxia also stimulated PASMCs proliferation accompanying with increased phosphorylation of ERK1,2 and AKT. GdCl(3) (an agonist of CaSR) or NPS2390 (an antagonist of CaSR) amplified or weakened the effect of hypoxia, respectively. PD98059 (a MEK1 inhibitor) or LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitors) decreased the up-regulation of PCNA expression and the increase of the cell proliferation index induced by hypoxia and GdCl(3) in PASMCs. Our results suggest that CaSR is expressed in rat PASMCs, and that CaSR activation through MEK1/ERK1,2 and PI3 kinase pathways is involved in hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Wei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sun J, Murphy E. Calcium-sensing receptor: a sensor and mediator of ischemic preconditioning in the heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H1309-17. [PMID: 20833954 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00373.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As a G protein-coupled receptor, the extracellular Ca(2+)-sensing receptor (CaSR) responds to changes not only in extracellular Ca(2+), but also to many other ligands. CaSR has been found to be expressed in the hearts and cardiovascular system. In this study, we confirmed that CaSR is expressed in mouse cardiomyocytes and showed that it is predominantly localized in caveolae. The goal of this study was to investigate whether CaSR plays a cardioprotective role in ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Hearts from C57BL/6J mice (male, 12-16 wk) were perfused in the Langendorff mode and subjected to the following treatments: 1) control perfusion; 2) perfusion with a specific CaSR antagonist, NPS2143; 3) IPC (four cycles of 5 min of global ischemia and 5 min of reperfusion); or 4) perfusion with NPS2143 before and during IPC. Following these treatments, hearts were subjected to 20 min of no-flow global ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion. Compared with control, IPC significantly improved postischemic left ventricular functional recovery and reduced infarct size. Although NPS2143 perfusion alone did not change the hemodynamic function and did not change the extent of postischemic injury, NPS2143 treatment abolished cardioprotection of IPC. Through immunoblot analysis, it was demonstrated that IPC significantly increased the levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2, AKT, and GSK-3β, which were also prevented by NPS2143 treatment. Taken together, the distribution of CaSR in caveolae along with NPS2143-blockade of IPC-induced cardioprotective signaling suggest that the activation of CaSR during IPC is cardioprotective by a process involving caveolae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Sun
- Translational Medicine Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10/Rm 8N206, Bethesda, MD 20892,USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lu FH, Tian Z, Zhang WH, Zhao YJ, Li HL, Ren H, Zheng HS, Liu C, Hu GX, Tian Y, Yang BF, Wang R, Xu CQ. Calcium-sensing receptors regulate cardiomyocyte Ca2+ signaling via the sarcoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrion interface during hypoxia/reoxygenation. J Biomed Sci 2010; 17:50. [PMID: 20565791 PMCID: PMC2908572 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-17-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Communication between the SR (sarcoplasmic reticulum, SR) and mitochondria is important for cell survival and apoptosis. The SR supplies Ca2+ directly to mitochondria via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) at close contacts between the two organelles referred to as mitochondrion-associated ER membrane (MAM). Although it has been demonstrated that CaR (calcium sensing receptor) activation is involved in intracellular calcium overload during hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/Re), the role of CaR activation in the cardiomyocyte apoptotic pathway remains unclear. We postulated that CaR activation plays a role in the regulation of SR-mitochondrial inter-organelle Ca2+ signaling, causing apoptosis during H/Re. To investigate the above hypothesis, cultured cardiomyocytes were subjected to H/Re. We examined the distribution of IP3Rs in cardiomyocytes via immunofluorescence and Western blotting and found that type 3 IP3Rs were located in the SR. [Ca2+]i, [Ca2+]m and [Ca2+]SR were determined using Fluo-4, x-rhod-1 and Fluo 5N, respectively, and the mitochondrial membrane potential was detected with JC-1 during reoxygenation using laser confocal microscopy. We found that activation of CaR reduced [Ca2+]SR, increased [Ca2+]i and [Ca2+]m and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential during reoxygenation. We found that the activation of CaR caused the cleavage of BAP31, thus generating the pro-apoptotic p20 fragment, which induced the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and the translocation of bak/bax to mitochondria. Taken together, these results reveal that CaR activation causes Ca2+ release from the SR into the mitochondria through IP3Rs and induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis during hypoxia/reoxygenation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-hao Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lu F, Tian Z, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Bai S, Ren H, Chen H, Yu X, Wang J, Wang L, Li H, Pan Z, Tian Y, Yang B, Wang R, Xu C. Calcium-sensing receptors induce apoptosis in rat cardiomyocytes via the endo(sarco)plasmic reticulum pathway during hypoxia/reoxygenation. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2009; 106:396-405. [PMID: 20030631 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is a G protein-coupled receptor. The CaR stimulation elicits phospholipase C-mediated inositol triphosphate formation, leading to an elevation in the level of intracellular calcium released from endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Depletion of ER Ca(2+) leads to ER stress, which is thought to induce apoptosis. Intracellular calcium overload-induced apoptosis in cardiac myocytes during hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/Re) has been demonstrated. However, the links between CaR, ER stress and apoptosis during H/Re are unclear. This study hypothesized that the CaR could induce apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes during H/Re via the ER stress pathway. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were subjected to 3 hr of hypoxia, followed by 6 hr of reoxygenation. CaR expression was elevated and the number of apoptotic cells was significantly increased, as shown by transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling, with exposure to CaCl(2), a CaR activator, during H/Re. The intracellular calcium concentration was significantly elevated and the Ca(2+) concentration in the ER was dramatically decreased during H/Re with CaCl(2); both intracellular and ER calcium concentrations were detected by laser confocal microscopy. Expression of GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein 78), the cleavage products of ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6), phospho-PERK [pancreatic ER kinase (PKR)-like ER kinase], the activated fragments of caspase-12, and phospho-JNK (c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase) were increased following exposure to CaCl(2) during H/Re. Our results confirmed that the activated CaR can induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis via ER stress-associated apoptotic pathways during H/Re.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanghao Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Riccardi D, Finney BA, Wilkinson WJ, Kemp PJ. Novel regulatory aspects of the extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptor, CaR. Pflugers Arch 2009; 458:1007-22. [PMID: 19484257 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-009-0681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The capacity to sense and adapt to changes in environmental cues is of paramount importance for every living organism. From yeast to man, cells must be able to match cellular activities to growth environment and nutrient availability. Key to this process is the development of membrane-bound systems that can detect modifications in the extracellular environment and to translate these into biological responses. Evidence gathered over the last 15 years has demonstrated that many of these cell surface "sensors" belong to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. Crucial to our understanding of nutrient sensing in mammalian species has been the identification of the extracellular Ca(2+)/cation-sensing receptor, CaR. CaR was the first ion-sensing molecule identified in man and genetic studies in humans have revealed the importance of the CaR in mineral ion metabolism. Latter, it has become apparent that the CaR also plays an important role outside the Ca(2+) homeostatic system, as an integrator of multiple environmental signals for the regulation of many vital cellular processes, from cell-to-cell communication to secretion and cell survival/cell death. Recently, novel aspects of receptor function reveal an unexpected role for the CaR in the regulation of growth and development in utero.
Collapse
|
49
|
Smajilovic S, Tfelt-Hansen J. Novel Role of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor in Blood Pressure Modulation. Hypertension 2008; 52:994-1000. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.108.117689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanela Smajilovic
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology (S.S., J.T-H.), Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; and the Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia (S.S., J.T-H.), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Tfelt-Hansen
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology (S.S., J.T-H.), Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; and the Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia (S.S., J.T-H.), Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Involvement of calcium-sensing receptor in cardiac hypertrophy-induced by angiotensinII through calcineurin pathway in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 369:584-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|