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Miyazaki T. Calpain and Cardiometabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16782. [PMID: 38069105 PMCID: PMC10705917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Calpain is defined as a member of the superfamily of cysteine proteases possessing the CysPC motif within the gene. Calpain-1 and -2, which are categorized as conventional isozymes, execute limited proteolysis in a calcium-dependent fashion. Accordingly, the calpain system participates in physiological and pathological phenomena, including cell migration, apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity. Recent investigations have unveiled the contributions of both conventional and unconventional calpains to the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disorders. In the context of atherosclerosis, overactivation of conventional calpain attenuates the barrier function of vascular endothelial cells and decreases the immunosuppressive effects attributed to lymphatic endothelial cells. In addition, calpain-6 induces aberrant mRNA splicing in macrophages, conferring atheroprone properties. In terms of diabetes, polymorphisms of the calpain-10 gene can modify insulin secretion and glucose disposal. Moreover, conventional calpain reportedly participates in amino acid production from vascular endothelial cells to induce alteration of amino acid composition in the liver microenvironment, thereby facilitating steatohepatitis. Such multifaceted functionality of calpain underscores its potential as a promising candidate for pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases. Consequently, the present review highlights the pivotal role of calpains in the complications of cardiometabolic diseases and embarks upon a characterization of calpains as molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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2
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Sultana M, Islam MM, Hossain MM, Rahman MA, Das SC, Barman DN, Mitu FS, Gupta SD. Association of CAPN10 gene (rs3842570) polymorphism with the type 2 diabetes mellitus among the population of Noakhali region in Bangladesh: a case-control study. Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e33. [PMID: 37813629 PMCID: PMC10584643 DOI: 10.5808/gi.23023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial, polygenic, and metabolically complicated disease. A large number of genes are responsible for the biogenesis of T2DM and calpain10 (CAPN10) is one of them. The association of numerous CAPN10 genetic polymorphisms in the development of T2DM has been widely studied in different populations and noticed inconclusive results. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the plausible association of CAPN10 polymorphism SNP-19 (rs3842570) with T2DM and T2DM-related anthropometric and metabolic traits in the Noakhali region of Bangladesh. This case-control study included 202 T2DM patients and 75 healthy individuals from different places in Noakhali. A significant association (p < 0.05) of SNP-19 with T2DM in co-dominant 2R/3R vs. 3R/3R (odds ratio [OR], 2.7; p=0.0014) and dominant (2R/3R) + (2R/2R) vs. 3R/3R (OR, 2.47; p=0.0011) genetic models was observed. High-risk allele 2R also showed a significant association with T2DM in the allelic model (OR, 1.67; p=0.0109). The genotypic frequency of SNP-19 variants showed consistency with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05). Additionally, SNP-19 genetic variants showed potential associations with the anthropometric and metabolic traits of T2DM patients in terms of body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Our approach identifies the 2R/3R genotype of SNP-19 as a significant risk factor for biogenesis of T2DM in the Noakhali population. Furthermore, a large-scale study could be instrumental to correlate this finding in overall Bangladeshi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munia Sultana
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mafizul Islam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Murad Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Anisur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Shuvo Chandra Das
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Dhirendra Nath Barman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Siddiqi Mitu
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Shipan Das Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
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Lavilla CJ, Billacura MP, Hanna K, Boocock DJ, Coveney C, Miles AK, Foulds GA, Murphy A, Tan A, Jackisch L, Sayers SR, Caton PW, Doig CL, McTernan PG, Colombo SL, Sale C, Turner MD. Carnosine protects stimulus-secretion coupling through prevention of protein carbonyl adduction events in cells under metabolic stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 175:65-79. [PMID: 34455039 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterised by failure to control glucose homeostasis, with numerous diabetic complications attributable to the resulting exposure of cells and tissues to chronic elevated concentrations of glucose and fatty acids. This, in part, results from formation of advanced glycation and advanced lipidation end-products that are able to modify protein, lipid, or DNA structure, and disrupt normal cellular function. Herein we used mass spectrometry to identify proteins modified by two such adduction events in serum of individuals with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes, along with similar analyses of human and mouse skeletal muscle cells and mouse pancreatic islets exposed to glucolipotoxic stress. We also report that carnosine, a histidine containing dipeptide, prevented 65-90% of 4-hydroxynonenal and 3-nitrotyrosine adduction events, and that this in turn preserved mitochondrial function and protected stimulus-secretion coupling in cells exposed to metabolic stress. Carnosine therefore offers significant therapeutic potential against metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Jr Lavilla
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Merell P Billacura
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Katie Hanna
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - David J Boocock
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Clare Coveney
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Amanda K Miles
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Gemma A Foulds
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Alice Murphy
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Arnold Tan
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Laura Jackisch
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie R Sayers
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Paul W Caton
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Craig L Doig
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Philip G McTernan
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Sergio L Colombo
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Craig Sale
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Mark D Turner
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
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Hatta T, Iemura SI, Ohishi T, Nakayama H, Seimiya H, Yasuda T, Iizuka K, Fukuda M, Takeda J, Natsume T, Horikawa Y. Calpain-10 regulates actin dynamics by proteolysis of microtubule-associated protein 1B. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16756. [PMID: 30425305 PMCID: PMC6233169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain-10 (CAPN10) is the calpain family protease identified as the first candidate susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the detailed molecular mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Here we report that CAPN10 processes microtubule associated protein 1 (MAP1) family proteins into heavy and light chains and regulates their binding activities to microtubules and actin filaments. Immunofluorescent analysis of Capn10−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts shows that MAP1B, a member of the MAP1 family of proteins, is localized at actin filaments rather than at microtubules. Furthermore, fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching analysis shows that calpain-10 regulates actin dynamics via MAP1B cleavage. Moreover, in pancreatic islets from CAPN10 knockout mice, insulin secretion was significantly increased both at the high and low glucose levels. These findings indicate that deficiency of calpain-10 expression may affect insulin secretion by abnormal actin reorganization, coordination and dynamics through MAP1 family processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Hatta
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 1345-0064, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichiro Iemura
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 1345-0064, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakayama
- Biomolecular Characterization Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Seimiya
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Takao Yasuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Katsumi Iizuka
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jun Takeda
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Tohru Natsume
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 1345-0064, Japan.
| | - Yukio Horikawa
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
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Wan TT, Li XF, Sun YM, Li YB, Su Y. Role of the calpain on the development of diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 74:187-90. [PMID: 26349983 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with acute and chronic complications that cause major morbidity and significant mortality. Calpains, a family of Ca(2+)-dependent cytosolic cysteine proteases, can modulate their substrates' structure and function through limited proteolytic activity. Calpain is a ubiquitous calcium-sensitive protease that is essential for normal physiologic function. However, alterations in calcium homeostasis lead to pathologic activation of calpain in diabetes mellitus. Since not much is known on the relationship between calpain and diabetes mellitus, this review outlines the contribution of calpain to chronic complications of diabetes mellitus, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiu-Fen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yan-Ming Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yan-Bo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Díaz-Villaseñor A, Cruz L, Cebrián A, Hernández-Ramírez RU, Hiriart M, García-Vargas G, Bassol S, Sordo M, Gandolfi AJ, Klimecki WT, López-Carillo L, Cebrián ME, Ostrosky-Wegman P. Arsenic exposure and calpain-10 polymorphisms impair the function of pancreatic beta-cells in humans: a pilot study of risk factors for T2DM. PLoS One 2013; 8:e51642. [PMID: 23349674 PMCID: PMC3551951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide and diverse environmental and genetic risk factors are well recognized. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the calpain-10 gene (CAPN-10), which encodes a protein involved in the secretion and action of insulin, and chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) through drinking water have been independently associated with an increase in the risk for T2DM. In the present work we evaluated if CAPN-10 SNPs and iAs exposure jointly contribute to the outcome of T2DM. Insulin secretion (beta-cell function) and insulin sensitivity were evaluated indirectly through validated indexes (HOMA2) in subjects with and without T2DM who have been exposed to a gradient of iAs in their drinking water in northern Mexico. The results were analyzed taking into account the presence of the risk factor SNPs SNP-43 and -44 in CAPN-10. Subjects with T2DM had significantly lower beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity. An inverse association was found between beta-cell function and iAs exposure, the association being more pronounced in subjects with T2DM. Subjects without T2DM who were carriers of the at-risk genotype SNP-43 or -44, also had significantly lower beta-cell function. The association of SNP-43 with beta-cell function was dependent on iAs exposure, age, gender and BMI, whereas the association with SNP-44 was independent of all of these factors. Chronic exposure to iAs seems to be a risk factor for T2DM in humans through the reduction of beta-cell function, with an enhanced effect seen in the presence of the at-risk genotype of SNP-43 in CAPN-10. Carriers of CAPN-10 SNP-44 have also shown reduced beta-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Díaz-Villaseñor
- Departmento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Cruz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Arturo Cebrián
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico
| | - Raúl U. Hernández-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- División de Neurociencias, Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gonzálo García-Vargas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico
| | - Susana Bassol
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Sordo
- Departmento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A. Jay Gandolfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Walter T. Klimecki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Lizbeth López-Carillo
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mariano E. Cebrián
- Sección Externa de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Departmento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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Chronic high glucose downregulates mitochondrial calpain 10 and contributes to renal cell death and diabetes-induced renal injury. Kidney Int 2011; 81:391-400. [PMID: 22012129 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2011.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Whereas most calpains are cytosolic proteases, calpain 10 is resident in mitochondria and is important in mitochondrial homeostasis. Because calpain 10 has been implicated in type 2 diabetes, we studied its possible role in diabetes-induced renal dysfunction. We treated renal proximal tubular cells with high glucose (17 mmol/l) and found decreased mitochondrial calpain 10 mRNA and protein at 96 h compared with cells incubated with 0 or 5 mmol/l glucose or 17 mmol/l D-mannitol. High glucose increased mitochondrial calpain 10 substrates (NDUFB8 and ATP synthase β), decreased basal and uncoupled respiration, and initiated cell apoptosis as indicated by cleaved caspase 3 and nuclear condensation. Renal calpain 10 protein and mRNA were specifically decreased in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with kidney dysfunction, and in diabetic ob/ob mice. In agreement with our in vitro data, the kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats had elevated calpain 10 substrates and cleaved caspase 3. Finally, specific siRNA-induced knockdown of calpain 10 in the proximal tubules of control rats resulted in decreased renal function as evidenced by increased serum creatinine, and increased caspase 3 cleavage compared with rats receiving scrambled siRNA. Thus, the glucose-induced loss of calpain 10 in vivo results in renal cell apoptosis and organ failure through accumulation of mitochondrial calpain 10 substrates and mitochondrial dysfunction. Whether this is a major cause of the decreased renal function in diabetic nephropathy will require further studies.
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Schäfer SA, Machicao F, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Kantartzis K. New type 2 diabetes risk genes provide new insights in insulin secretion mechanisms. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011; 93 Suppl 1:S9-24. [PMID: 21864758 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8227(11)70008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes results from the inability of beta cells to increase insulin secretion sufficiently to compensate for insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is thought to result mainly from environmental factors, such as obesity. However, there is compelling evidence that the decline of both insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion have also a genetic component. Recent genome-wide association studies identified several novel risk genes for type 2 diabetes. The vast majority of these genes affect beta cell function by molecular mechanisms that remain unknown in detail. Nevertheless, we and others could show that a group of genes affect glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, a group incretin-stimulated insulin secretion (incretin sensitivity or secretion) and a group proinsulin-to-insulin conversion. The most important so far type 2 diabetes risk gene, TCF7L2, interferes with all three mechanisms. In addition to advancing knowledge in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, the discovery of novel genetic determinants of diabetes susceptibility may help understanding of gene-environment, gene-therapy and gene-gene interactions. It was also hoped that it could make determination of the individual risk for type 2 diabetes feasible. However, the allelic relative risks of most genetic variants discovered so far are relatively low. Thus, at present, clinical criteria assess the risk for type 2 diabetes with greater sensitivity and specificity than the combination of all known genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke A Schäfer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Sugiyama Y, Murao K, Imachi H, Sueyoshi N, Ishida T, Kameshita I. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV involvement in the pathophysiology of glucotoxicity in rat pancreatic β-cells. Metabolism 2011; 60:145-53. [PMID: 20423744 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Glucotoxicity is a critical component of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, the molecular mechanisms of glucotoxicity are still not fully understood. We have attempted to determine the protein kinases involved in glucotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells by the use of a new technique. Using Multi-PK antibodies, which are capable of detecting a wide variety of protein kinases, we analyzed the protein kinase that correlated with insulin synthesis in INS-1 cells under glucotoxic conditions. When expression patterns of protein kinases in INS-1 cells were analyzed by Western blotting with Multi-PK antibodies, a kinase of 63 kd was significantly reduced concomitant with the decrease of insulin secretion under glucotoxic conditions. To identify the 63-kd kinase, we used a unique 2-dimensional gel electrophoretic technique and MicroRotofor (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan) electrophoresis. From the molecular size of a native kinase/cyanogen bromide fragment and pI value, the 63-kd protein kinase was deduced to be CaMKIV. This was confirmed by Western blotting analysis using anti-CaMKIV antibodies. The decreased CaMKIV levels under glucotoxic conditions recovered to original levels after changing the medium to a normal glucose concentration. Recombinant CaMKIV was degraded in a Ca²+-dependent manner by incubation with cell lysates from INS-1 cells under glucotoxic conditions, and degradation was protected by calpain inhibitor. Furthermore, CaMKIV was reduced in the pancreatic islets of diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats, whereas that of nondiabetic Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats was not. This study suggests that the abnormal regulation of CaMKIV is a component of β-cell dysfunction caused by high glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Sugiyama
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
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10
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Gustavsson N, Wang X, Wang Y, Seah T, Xu J, Radda GK, Südhof TC, Han W. Neuronal calcium sensor synaptotagmin-9 is not involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis or insulin secretion. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15414. [PMID: 21085706 PMCID: PMC2976867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin secretion is a complex and highly regulated process. It is well established that cytoplasmic calcium is a key regulator of insulin secretion, but how elevated intracellular calcium triggers insulin granule exocytosis remains unclear, and we have only begun to define the identities of proteins that are responsible for sensing calcium changes and for transmitting the calcium signal to release machineries. Synaptotagmins are primarily expressed in brain and endocrine cells and exhibit diverse calcium binding properties. Synaptotagmin-1, -2 and -9 are calcium sensors for fast neurotransmitter release in respective brain regions, while synaptotagmin-7 is a positive regulator of calcium-dependent insulin release. Unlike the three neuronal calcium sensors, whose deletion abolished fast neurotransmitter release, synaptotagmin-7 deletion resulted in only partial loss of calcium-dependent insulin secretion, thus suggesting that other calcium-sensors must participate in the regulation of insulin secretion. Of the other synaptotagmin isoforms that are present in pancreatic islets, the neuronal calcium sensor synaptotagmin-9 is expressed at the highest level after synaptotagmin-7. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study we tested whether synaptotagmin-9 participates in the regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin release by using pancreas-specific synaptotagmin-9 knockout (p-S9X) mice. Deletion of synaptotagmin-9 in the pancreas resulted in no changes in glucose homeostasis or body weight. Glucose tolerance, and insulin secretion in vivo and from isolated islets were not affected in the p-S9X mice. Single-cell capacitance measurements showed no difference in insulin granule exocytosis between p-S9X and control mice. CONCLUSIONS Thus, synaptotagmin-9, although a major calcium sensor in the brain, is not involved in the regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin release from pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gustavsson
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (WH); (NG)
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tingting Seah
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Xu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - George K. Radda
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas C. Südhof
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Weiping Han
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (WH); (NG)
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11
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease that is caused by insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. Furthermore, type 2 diabetes has an evident genetic component and represents a polygenic disease. During the last decade, considerable progress was made in the identification of type 2 diabetes risk genes. This was crucially influenced by the development of affordable high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays that prompted several successful genome-wide association scans in large case-control cohorts. Subsequent to the identification of type 2 diabetes risk SNPs, cohorts thoroughly phenotyped for prediabetic traits with elaborate in vivo methods allowed an initial characterization of the pathomechanisms of these SNPs. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms are still incompletely understood, a surprising result of these pathomechanistic investigations was that most of the risk SNPs affect beta-cell function. This favors a beta-cell-centric view on the genetics of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the type 2 diabetes risk genes and their variants' pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Staiger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Ling C, Groop L, Guerra SD, Lupi R. Calpain-10 expression is elevated in pancreatic islets from patients with type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6558. [PMID: 19688040 PMCID: PMC2719809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calpain-10 was the first gene to be identified influencing the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) by positioning cloning. Studies in beta-cell lines and rodent islets suggest that calpain-10 may act as a regulator of insulin secretion. However, its role in human pancreatic islets remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine if calpain-10 expression is altered in islets from patients with T2D and if the transcript level correlates with insulin release. We also tested if polymorphisms in the CAPN10 gene are associated with gene expression and insulin secretion in vitro. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Calpain-10 mRNA expression was analysed in human pancreatic islets from 34 non-diabetic and 10 T2D multi-organ donors. CAPN10 SNP-43 and SNP-44 were genotyped and related to gene expression and insulin release in response to glucose, arginine and glibenclamide. The mRNA level of calpain-10 was elevated by 64% in pancreatic islets from patients with T2D compared with non-diabetic donors (P = 0.01). Moreover, the calpain-10 expression correlated positively with arginine-stimulated insulin release in islets from non-diabetic donors (r = 0.45, P = 0.015). However, this correlation was lost in islets from patients with T2D (r = 0.09; P = 0.8). The G/G variant of SNP-43 was associated with reduced insulin release in response to glucose (P</=0.04) in non-diabetic donors. CONCLUSIONS While calpain-10 expression correlates with insulin release in non-diabetic human islets, this correlation is lost in T2D suggesting that a stimulatory effect of calpain-10 could be lost in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Ling
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Malmö, Sweden.
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Okamoto M, Ohara-Imaizumi M, Kubota N, Hashimoto S, Eto K, Kanno T, Kubota T, Wakui M, Nagai R, Noda M, Nagamatsu S, Kadowaki T. Adiponectin induces insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo at a low glucose concentration. Diabetologia 2008; 51:827-35. [PMID: 18369586 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-0944-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS A decrease in plasma adiponectin levels has been shown to contribute to the development of diabetes. However, it remains uncertain whether adiponectin plays a role in the regulation of insulin secretion. In this study, we investigated whether adiponectin may be involved in the regulation of insulin secretion in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The effect of adiponectin on insulin secretion was measured in vitro and in vivo, along with the effects of adiponectin on ATP generation, membrane potentials, Ca2+ currents, cytosolic calcium concentration and state of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In addition, insulin granule transport was measured by membrane capacitance and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) analysis. RESULTS Adiponectin significantly stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic islets to approximately 2.3-fold the baseline value in the presence of a glucose concentration of 5.6 mmol/l. Although adiponectin had no effect on ATP generation, membrane potentials, Ca2+ currents, cytosolic calcium concentrations or activation status of AMPK, it caused a significant increase of membrane capacitance to approximately 2.3-fold the baseline value. TIRF analysis revealed that adiponectin induced a significant increase in the number of fusion events in mouse pancreatic beta cells under 5.6 mmol/l glucose loading, without affecting the status of previously docked granules. Moreover, intravenous injection of adiponectin significantly increased insulin secretion to approximately 1.6-fold of baseline in C57BL/6 mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The above results indicate that adiponectin induces insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Okamoto
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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Norton L, Parr T, Chokkalingam K, Bardsley RG, Ye H, Bell GI, Pelsers MMAL, van Loon LJC, Tsintzas K. Calpain-10 gene and protein expression in human skeletal muscle: effect of acute lipid-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:992-8. [PMID: 18089694 PMCID: PMC2729205 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate the effect of lipid-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes on skeletal muscle calpain-10 mRNA and protein levels. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the first part of this study, 10 healthy subjects underwent hyperinsulinemic euglycemic (4.5 mmol/liter) clamps for 6 h with iv infusion of either saline or a 20% Intralipid emulsion (Fresenius Kabi AG, Bad Homburg, Germany). Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken before and after 3- and 6-h insulin infusion and analyzed for calpain-10 mRNA and protein expression. In the second part of the study, muscle samples obtained after an overnight fast in 10 long-standing, sedentary type 2 diabetes patients, 10 sedentary, weight-matched, normoglycemic controls, and 10 age-matched, endurance-trained cyclists were analyzed for calpain-10 mRNA and protein content. RESULTS Intralipid infusion in healthy subjects reduced whole body glucose disposal by approximately 50% (P<0.001). Calpain-10 mRNA (P=0.01) but not protein content was reduced after 6-h insulin infusion in both the saline and Intralipid emulsion trials. Skeletal muscle calpain-10 mRNA and protein content did not differ between the type 2 diabetes patients and normoglycemic controls, but there was a strong trend for total calpain-10 protein to be greater in the endurance-trained athletes (P=0.06). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that skeletal muscle calpain-10 expression is not modified by insulin resistance per se and suggest that hyperinsulinemia and exercise training may modulate human skeletal muscle calpain-10 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Norton
- Centre for Integrated Systems Biology and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Nottingham University, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
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Ridderstråle M, Nilsson E. Type 2 diabetes candidate gene CAPN10: First, but not last. Curr Hypertens Rep 2008; 10:19-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-008-0006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li WM, Webb SE, Chan CM, Miller AL. Multiple roles of the furrow deepening Ca2+ transient during cytokinesis in zebrafish embryos. Dev Biol 2008; 316:228-48. [PMID: 18313658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The generation of a required series of localized Ca(2+) transients during cytokinesis in zebrafish embryos suggests that Ca(2+) plays a necessary role in regulating this process. Here, we report that cortical actin remodeling, characterized by the reorganization of the contractile band and the formation during furrow deepening of pericleavage F-actin enrichments (PAEs), requires a localized increase in intracellular Ca(2+), which is released from IP(3)-sensitive stores. We demonstrate that VAMP-2 vesicle fusion at the deepening furrow also requires Ca(2+) released via IP(3) receptors, as well as the presence of PAEs and the action of calpains. Finally, by expressing a dominant-negative form of the kinesin-like protein, kif23, we demonstrate that its recruitment to the furrow region is required for VAMP-2 vesicle transport; and via FRAP analysis, that kif23 localization is also Ca(2+)-dependent. Collectively, our data demonstrate that a localized increase in intracellular Ca(2+) is involved in regulating several key events during furrow deepening and subsequent apposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Ming Li
- Department of Biology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Mitochondrial calpain 10 activity and expression in the kidney of multiple species. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 366:258-62. [PMID: 18054326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 11/22/2007] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Calpains, Ca(2+)-activated cysteine proteases, have been implicated in the progression of multiple disease states. We recently identified calpain 10 as a mitochondrial calpain that is involved in Ca(2+)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The goals of this study were to characterize the expression and activity of renal mitochondrial calpain 10 in rabbit, mouse, and rat. Using shRNA technology and immunoblot analysis three previously postulated splice variants of calpain 10 were identified (50, 56, and 75kDa). SLLVY-AMC zymography and immunoblot analysis was used to directly link calpeptin-sensitive calpain activity to calpain 10 splice variants. Rabbit, mouse, and rat kidney mitochondria contained 75kDa (calpain 10a), 56kDa (calpain 10c or 10d), and 50kDa (calpain 10e) splice variants. Interestingly, zymography yielded distinct bands of calpain activity containing multiple calpain 10 splice variants in all species. These results provide evidence that several previously postulated splice variants of calpain 10 are localized to the mitochondria in kidneys of rabbits, rats, and mice.
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The activity of calpains in lymphocytes is glucose-dependent and is decreased in diabetic patients. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2007; 40:414-9. [PMID: 17964829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Calpains are nonlysosomal calcium-dependent cysteine proteases that participate in insulin secretion and action. Polymorphisms in the calpain-10 gene have been shown to increase the risk for type 2 diabetes. Since white blood cells have been used to study glucose homeostasis, the present study was carried to find out if calpains have different activity and/or expression in accessible cells such as lymphocytes of individuals with or without type 2 diabetes. Fasting blood glucose concentration was significantly higher in diabetic subjects, whereas the difference in the activity of calpains evaluated in basal and stimulating extracellular glucose concentration was significantly higher in the lymphocytes from the control group. The mRNA expression of calpain-10 was similar in the lymphocytes of both patients and controls. The protein blots showed four bands that ranged between 75 and 50 kDa; however, no statistical differences were observed in the expression of the calpain-10 isoforms between controls and patients. Data obtained showed that human lymphocytes express calpain-10 mRNA and protein, showing a similar expression between diabetic and control subjects, nevertheless in the diabetic group calpain activity was less glucose-sensitive.
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Turner MD. Coordinated control of both insulin secretion and insulin action through calpain-10-mediated regulation of exocytosis? Mol Genet Metab 2007; 91:305-7. [PMID: 17560157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2007.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Calpain-10 was first identified through a genome scan seeking to identify diabetes predisposition genes. Both genetic and functional data has since indicated that calpain-10 has an important role in insulin resistance and intermediate phenotypes, including those associated with adipocytes and skeletal muscle. Evidence presented in this issue by Brown, Yeaman, and Walker utilizes siRNA technology to specifically knock down calpain-10 expression, and suggests that calpain-10 facilitates GLUT4 translocation through effects on the distal secretory pathway. Calpain-10 is also an important molecule in the pancreatic beta-cell, where it has been shown to regulate exocytosis through partial proteolysis of a member of the secretory granule fusion machinery. In addition, calpain-10 has also been implicated in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton that accompanies both GLUT4 vesicle translocation and insulin secretion. Taken together, these findings provide fresh hope for the development of novel diabetic treatments, utilizing either pharmacological activators that specifically target calpain-10, or through targeted calpain-10 gene therapy. Therapeutic intervention in this way could simultaneously enhance both insulin secretion and insulin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Turner
- Centre for Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom.
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Evans JS, Turner MD. Emerging functions of the calpain superfamily of cysteine proteases in neuroendocrine secretory pathways. J Neurochem 2007; 103:849-59. [PMID: 17666040 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04815.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first calpain protease was discovered over 40 years ago now, yet despite the vast amount of literature that has subsequently emerged detailing their involvement in the pathophysiology of a variety of human diseases, it is only in the last decade that calpain-mediated actions along the secretory pathway have begun to emerge. However, the number of secretory pathway substrates identified and their diversity of function continues to grow. This review summarizes our current knowledge of calpain-mediated mechanisms of action that are pertinent to synaptic vesicle assembly and budding, cytoskeletal organization, endosomal recycling, and exocytotic membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne S Evans
- Centre for Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, London, UK
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