1
|
Liu X, Chen W, Li W, Li Y, Priest JR, Zhou B, Wang J, Zhou Z. Single-Cell RNA-Seq of the Developing Cardiac Outflow Tract Reveals Convergent Development of the Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1346-1361.e4. [PMID: 31365875 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac outflow tract (OFT) is a major hotspot for congenital heart diseases. A thorough understanding of the cellular diversity, transitions, and regulatory networks of normal OFT development is essential to decipher the etiology of OFT malformations. We performed single-cell transcriptomic sequencing of 55,611 mouse OFT cells from three developmental stages that generally correspond to the early, middle, and late stages of OFT remodeling and septation. Known cellular transitions, such as endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, have been recapitulated. In particular, we identified convergent development of the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) lineage where intermediate cell subpopulations were found to be involved in either myocardial-to-VSMC trans-differentiation or mesenchymal-to-VSMC transition. Finally, we uncovered transcriptional regulators potentially governing cellular transitions. Our study provides a single-cell reference map of cell states for normal OFT development and paves the way for further studies of the etiology of OFT malformations at the single-cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wenke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - James R Priest
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University. School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jikui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University. Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Zhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chrifi I, Hermkens D, Brandt MM, van Dijk CGM, Bürgisser PE, Haasdijk R, Pei J, van de Kamp EHM, Zhu C, Blonden L, Kros JM, Duncker DJ, Duckers HJ, Cheng C. Cgnl1, an endothelial junction complex protein, regulates GTPase mediated angiogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1776-1788. [PMID: 29016873 PMCID: PMC5852532 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The formation of cell–cell and cell–extra cellular matrix (ECM) contacts by endothelial cells (ECs) is crucial for the stability and integrity of a vascular network. We previously identified cingulin-like 1 (Cgnl1) in a transcriptomic screen for new angiogenic modulators. Here we aim to study the function of the cell–cell junction associated protein Cgnl1 during vessel formation. Methods and results Unlike family member cingulin, Cgnl1 expression is enriched in ECs during vascular growth. Cgnl1 is important for the formation of multicellular tubule structures, as shown in vitro using loss-of function assays in a 3D matrix co-culture system that uses primary human ECs and supporting mural cells. Further studies revealed that Cgnl1 regulates vascular growth by promoting Ve-cadherin association with the actin cytoskeleton, thereby stabilizing adherens junctions. Cgnl1 also regulates focal adhesion assembly in response to ECM contact, promoting vinculin and paxillin recruitment and focal adhesion kinase signalling. In vivo, we demonstrate in a postnatal retinal vascular development model in mice that Cgnl1 function is crucial for sustaining neovascular growth and stability. Conclusions Our data demonstrate a functional relevance for Cgnl1 as a defining factor in new vessel formation both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Chrifi
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien Hermkens
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten M Brandt
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian G M van Dijk
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra E Bürgisser
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Haasdijk
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jiayi Pei
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther H M van de Kamp
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Changbin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lau Blonden
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus J Duckers
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rask-Andersen M, Martinsson D, Ahsan M, Enroth S, Ek WE, Gyllensten U, Johansson Å. Epigenome-wide association study reveals differential DNA methylation in individuals with a history of myocardial infarction. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 25:4739-4748. [PMID: 28172975 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide and represent a substantial economic burden on public health care systems. Epigenetic markers have potential as diagnostic markers before clinical symptoms have emerged, and as prognostic markers to inform the choice of clinical intervention. In this study, we performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) for CVDs, to identify disease-specific alterations in DNA methylation. CpG methylation in blood samples from the northern Sweden population health study (NSPHS) (n = 729) was assayed on the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Individuals with a history of a CVD were identified in the cohort. It included individuals with hypertension (N = 147), myocardial infarction (MI) (N = 48), stroke (N = 27), thrombosis (N = 22) and cardiac arrhythmia (N = 5). Differential DNA methylation was observed at 211 CpG-sites in individuals with a history of MI (q <0.05). These sites represent 196 genes, of which 42 have been described in the scientific literature to be related to cardiac function, cardiovascular disease, cardiogenesis and recovery after ischemic injury. We have shown that individuals with a history of MI have a deviating pattern of DNA methylation at many genomic loci of which a large fraction has previously been linked to CVD. Our results highlight genes that might be important in the pathogenesis of MI or in recovery. In addition, the sites pointed out in this study can serve as candidates for further evaluation as potential biomarkers for MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Rask-Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Martinsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Ahsan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Enroth
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Weronica E Ek
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dpath software reveals hierarchical haemato-endothelial lineages of Etv2 progenitors based on single-cell transcriptome analysis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14362. [PMID: 28181481 PMCID: PMC5309826 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental, stem cell and cancer biologists are interested in the molecular definition of cellular differentiation. Although single-cell RNA sequencing represents a transformational advance for global gene analyses, novel obstacles have emerged, including the computational management of dropout events, the reconstruction of biological pathways and the isolation of target cell populations. We develop an algorithm named dpath that applies the concept of metagene entropy and allows the ranking of cells based on their differentiation potential. We also develop self-organizing map (SOM) and random walk with restart (RWR) algorithms to separate the progenitors from the differentiated cells and reconstruct the lineage hierarchies in an unbiased manner. We test these algorithms using single cells from Etv2-EYFP transgenic mouse embryos and reveal specific molecular pathways that direct differentiation programmes involving the haemato-endothelial lineages. This software program quantitatively assesses the progenitor and committed states in single-cell RNA-seq data sets in a non-biased manner. Single-cell RNA sequencing has enabled great advances in understanding developmental biology but reconstructing cellular lineages from this data remains challenging. Here the authors develop an algorithm, dpath, which models the lineage relationships of underlying single cells based on single cell RNA seq data and apply it to study lineage progression of Etv2 expressing progenitors.
Collapse
|
5
|
Type 1 and 3 inositol trisphosphate receptors are required for extra-embryonic vascular development. Dev Biol 2016; 418:89-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
6
|
Ma A, Wang L, Gao Y, Chang Z, Peng H, Zeng N, Gui YS, Tian X, Li X, Cai B, Zhang H, Xu KF. Tsc1 deficiency-mediated mTOR hyperactivation in vascular endothelial cells causes angiogenesis defects and embryonic lethality. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:693-705. [PMID: 24129405 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a study on the role of tuberous sclerosis complex1 (TSC1) mutation and mTOR activation in endothelial cells during angiogenic and embryonic development. Past studies had shown that Tsc1/Tsc2 mutant genes lead to overactivation of mTOR in the regulating pathways in developing fetus. We used conditional Cre-loxp gene knockout approach to delete Tsc1 in mice's endothelial cells in our experimental models. Similarly, activation of mTOR signaling in endothelial cells of these embryos (Tie2-Cre/Tsc1(-/-)) was found. Majority of Tie2-Cre/Tsc1(-/-) embryos died at embryonic day 14.5 in utero. Cardiovascular defects, subcutaneous edema and hemorrhage were present among them. Whole-mount immunostaining in these embryos revealed a disorganized vascular network, defective sprouting of vessels in yolk sac and thickening of the labyrinth layer in the placenta. A thinner ventricular wall with disorganized trabeculae was present in the hearts of Tie2-Cre/Tsc1(-/-) embryos. Endothelial cells in Tsc1-deficient mice showed defective mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticular morphology, but no significant change was observed in cell junctions. The mutant embryos displayed significantly reduced cell proliferation, increased apoptosis and disturbed expression of angiogenic factors. A cohort of mice was treated prenatally with mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. The offspring of these mutant mice survived up to 22 days after birth. It was concluded that physiological TSC1-mTOR signaling in endothelial cells is crucial for vascular development and embryogenesis. We postulated that disruption of normal angiogenic pathways through hyperactive mTOR signaling maybe the mechanism that lead to deranged vascular pathogenesis in the tuberous sclerosis complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Van Vliet P, Wu SM, Zaffran S, Pucéat M. Early cardiac development: a view from stem cells to embryos. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 96:352-62. [PMID: 22893679 PMCID: PMC3500045 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
From the 1920s, early cardiac development has been studied in chick and, later, in mouse embryos in order to understand the first cell fate decisions that drive specification and determination of the endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium. More recently, mouse and human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have demonstrated faithful recapitulation of early cardiogenesis and have contributed significantly to this research over the past few decades. Derived almost 15 years ago, human ESCs have provided a unique developmental model for understanding the genetic and epigenetic regulation of early human cardiogenesis. Here, we review the biological concepts underlying cell fate decisions during early cardiogenesis in model organisms and ESCs. We draw upon both pioneering and recent studies and highlight the continued role for in vitro stem cells in cardiac developmental biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Van Vliet
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSD, CA, USA
| | - Sean M. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stéphane Zaffran
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- INSERM UMRS910, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, France
| | - Michel Pucéat
- INSERM UMR633, Paris Descartes University, Campus Genopole 1, 4, rue Pierre Fontaine, Evry 91058, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nakhaei-Nejad M, Haddad G, Zhang QX, Murray AG. Facio-Genital Dysplasia-5 Regulates Matrix Adhesion and Survival of Human Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2694-701. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - George Haddad
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Qiu-Xia Zhang
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Allan G. Murray
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Embryological origin of the endocardium and derived valve progenitor cells: from developmental biology to stem cell-based valve repair. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:917-22. [PMID: 23078978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac valves are targets of both congenital and acquired diseases. The formation of valves during embryogenesis (i.e., valvulogenesis) originates from endocardial cells lining the myocardium. These cells undergo an endothelial-mesenchymal transition, proliferate and migrate within an extracellular matrix. This leads to the formation of bilateral cardiac cushions in both the atrioventricular canal and the outflow tract. The embryonic origin of both the endocardium and prospective valve cells is still elusive. Endocardial and myocardial lineages are segregated early during embryogenesis and such a cell fate decision can be recapitulated in vitro by embryonic stem cells (ESC). Besides genetically modified mice and ex vivo heart explants, ESCs provide a cellular model to study the early steps of valve development and might constitute a human therapeutic cell source for decellularized tissue-engineered valves. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Cardiac Pathways of Differentiation, Metabolism and Contraction.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen K, Bai H, Arzigian M, Gao YX, Bao J, Wu WS, Shen WF, Wu L, Wang ZZ. Endothelial cells regulate cardiomyocyte development from embryonic stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2011; 111:29-39. [PMID: 20506197 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The molecules and environment that direct pluripotent stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes are largely unknown. Here, we determined a critical role of receptor tyrosine kinase, EphB4, in regulating cardiomyocyte generation from embryonic stem (ES) cells through endothelial cells. The number of spontaneous contracting cardiomyocytes, and the expression of cardiac-specific genes, including alpha-MHC and MLC-2V, was significantly decreased in EphB4-null ES cells. EphB4 was expressed in endothelial cells underneath contracting cardiomyocytes, but not in cardiomyocytes. Angiogenic inhibitors, including endostatin and angiostatin, inhibited endothelial cell differentiation and diminished cardiomyogenesis in ES cells. Generation of functional cardiomyocytes and the expression of cardiac-specific genes were significantly enhanced by co-culture of ES cells with human endothelial cells. Furthermore, the defects of cardiomyocyte differentiation in EphB4-deficient ES cells were rescued by human endothelial cells. For the first time, our study demonstrated that endothelial cells play an essential role in facilitating cardiomyocyte differentiation from pluripotent stem cells. EphB4 signaling is a critical component of the endothelial niche to regulate regeneration of cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Discovery and characterization of novel vascular and hematopoietic genes downstream of etsrp in zebrafish. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4994. [PMID: 19308258 PMCID: PMC2654924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Etsrp is required for vasculogenesis and primitive myelopoiesis in zebrafish. When ectopically expressed, etsrp is sufficient to induce the expression of many vascular and myeloid genes in zebrafish. The mammalian homolog of etsrp, ER71/Etv2, is also essential for vascular and hematopoietic development. To identify genes downstream of etsrp, gain-of-function experiments were performed for etsrp in zebrafish embryos followed by transcription profile analysis by microarray. Subsequent in vivo expression studies resulted in the identification of fourteen genes with blood and/or vascular expression, six of these being completely novel. Regulation of these genes by etsrp was confirmed by ectopic induction in etsrp overexpressing embryos and decreased expression in etsrp deficient embryos. Additional functional analysis of two newly discovered genes, hapln1b and sh3gl3, demonstrates their importance in embryonic vascular development. The results described here identify a group of genes downstream of etsrp likely to be critical for vascular and/or myeloid development.
Collapse
|
12
|
Shiraki N, Higuchi Y, Harada S, Umeda K, Isagawa T, Aburatani H, Kume K, Kume S. Differentiation and characterization of embryonic stem cells into three germ layers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 381:694-9. [PMID: 19250925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells differentiated on M15 cells have previously been shown to give rise to cells of the mesendodermal and definitive endodermal lineages. Here we demonstrate that neuroectodermal and mesodermal lineages can be derived from ES cells cultured on M15 cells and subsequently subjected to specific culture conditions, as confirmed by the expression of molecular markers. Prospective isolation and microarray analyses showed that neuroectodermal cells expressed anterior-to-posterior, as well as dorso-ventral regional markers, suggesting that this procedure could be used for the induction of cells belonging to a wide variety of neural lineages. Lateral mesoderm and paraxial mesoderm cells were also produced and their gene expression profiles were confirmed by microarray analyses. These results indicate that the M15 cell system provides a valuable tool for generating ES cell-derived lineage-specific cell types belonging to the three germ layers, namely neuroectoderm, mesoderm, and definitive endoderm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Shiraki
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
ES cell research represents an exploding field of exploration. Initially predicted to provide rapid cures for numerous human diseases, the clinical usefulness of ES cell-derived cells remains untested in humans. However, ES cells have rapidly expanded our knowledge of human development and the molecular details of differentiation. Our ability to generate relatively pure populations of specifically differentiated cells for transplantation has markedly improved. It is hoped that soon researchers will overcome the biologic impediments to successful treatment of human disease with ES cell-derived cells.
Collapse
|