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Beheshtizadeh N, Mohammadzadeh M, Mostafavi M, Seraji AA, Esmaeili Ranjbar F, Tabatabaei SZ, Ghafelehbashi R, Afzali M, Lolasi F. Improving hemocompatibility in tissue-engineered products employing heparin-loaded nanoplatforms. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107260. [PMID: 38906204 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The enhancement of hemocompatibility through the use of nanoplatforms loaded with heparin represents a highly desirable characteristic in the context of emerging tissue engineering applications. The significance of employing heparin in biological processes is unquestionable, owing to its ability to interact with a diverse range of proteins. It plays a crucial role in numerous biological processes by engaging in interactions with diverse proteins and hydrogels. This review provides a summary of recent endeavors focused on augmenting the hemocompatibility of tissue engineering methods through the utilization of nanoplatforms loaded with heparin. This study also provides a comprehensive review of the various applications of heparin-loaded nanofibers and nanoparticles, as well as the techniques employed for encapsulating heparin within these nanoplatforms. The biological and physical effects resulting from the encapsulation of heparin in nanoplatforms are examined. The potential applications of heparin-based materials in tissue engineering are also discussed, along with future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mostafavi
- Faculty of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Seraji
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Esmaeili Ranjbar
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zoha Tabatabaei
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Robabehbeygom Ghafelehbashi
- Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; Department of Materials and Textile Engineering, College of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maede Afzali
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Lolasi
- Department of pharmaceutical biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy And Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Carnes ME, Gonyea CR, Coburn JM, Pins GD. A biomimetic approach to modulating the sustained release of fibroblast growth factor 2 from fibrin microthread scaffolds. EXPLORATION OF BIOMAT-X 2024; 1:58-83. [PMID: 39070763 PMCID: PMC11274095 DOI: 10.37349/ebmx.2024.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Aim The pleiotropic effect of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) on promoting myogenesis, angiogenesis, and innervation makes it an ideal growth factor for treating volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries. While an initial delivery of FGF2 has demonstrated enhanced regenerative potential, the sustained delivery of FGF2 from scaffolds with robust structural properties as well as biophysical and biochemical signaling cues has yet to be explored for treating VML. The goal of this study is to develop an instructive fibrin microthread scaffold with intrinsic topographic alignment cues as well as regenerative signaling cues and a physiologically relevant, sustained release of FGF2 to direct myogenesis and ultimately enhance functional muscle regeneration. Methods Heparin was passively adsorbed or carbodiimide-conjugated to microthreads, creating a biomimetic binding strategy, mimicking FGF2 sequestration in the extracellular matrix (ECM). It was also evaluated whether FGF2 incorporated into fibrin microthreads would yield sustained release. It was hypothesized that heparin-conjugated and co-incorporated (co-inc) fibrin microthreads would facilitate sustained release of FGF2 from the scaffold and enhance in vitro myoblast proliferation and outgrowth. Results Toluidine blue staining and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that carbodiimide-conjugated heparin bound to fibrin microthreads in a dose-dependent manner. Release kinetics revealed that heparin-conjugated fibrin microthreads exhibited sustained release of FGF2 over a period of one week. An in vitro assay demonstrated that FGF2 released from microthreads remained bioactive, stimulating myoblast proliferation over four days. Finally, a cellular outgrowth assay suggests that FGF2 promotes increased outgrowth onto microthreads. Conclusions It was anticipated that the combined effects of fibrin microthread structural properties, topographic alignment cues, and FGF2 release profiles will facilitate the fabrication of a biomimetic scaffold that enhances the regeneration of functional muscle tissue for the treatment of VML injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan E. Carnes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Cailin R. Gonyea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Jeannine M. Coburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - George D. Pins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
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David M, Mohanty AR, Peppas NA. Two-phase matrices for the controlled release of therapeutic proteins. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8689-8696. [PMID: 37641956 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01641b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Controlled and sustained delivery of therapeutic proteins is crucial for achieving desired effects in wound healing applications. Yet, this remains a challenge in growth factor delivery for bone tissue engineering. Current delivery systems can lead to negative side effects, such as ectopic bone growth and cancer, due to the over administration of growth inducing proteins. Here, we have developed a two-phase system for the controlled release of therapeutic proteins. The system consists of protein-loaded poly(methacrylic acid)-based nanoparticles conjugated to chitosan scaffolds. The effect of co-monomer hydrophilicity and crosslinking density on nanoparticle properties was evaluated. It was found that the release kinetics of model therapeutic proteins were dependent on nanoparticle hydrophilicity. The chitosan scaffold, chosen for its biocompatibility and osteogenic properties, provided additional barriers to diffusion and promoted nanoparticle retention, leading to more sustained protein delivery. Additionally, the ability of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells to proliferate on scaffolds with and without conjugated nanoparticles was evaluated and all scaffolds were shown to promote cell growth. The results demonstrate that the two-phase scaffold system presents a superior strategy for the sustained and controlled release of therapeutic proteins for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya David
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Institute of Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Avha R Mohanty
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Institute of Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Institute of Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Liu Y, Puthia M, Sheehy EJ, Ambite I, Petrlova J, Prithviraj S, Oxborg MW, Sebastian S, Vater C, Zwingenberger S, Struglics A, Bourgine PE, O'Brien FJ, Raina DB. Sustained delivery of a heterodimer bone morphogenetic protein-2/7 via a collagen hydroxyapatite scaffold accelerates and improves critical femoral defect healing. Acta Biomater 2023; 162:164-181. [PMID: 36967054 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the glimmer of hope provided by the discovery and commercialization of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) as a bone graft substitute, side effects related to the use of supraphysiological doses have hindered its clinical usage. In this study, we compared the osteoinductive potential of BMP-2 homodimer with a heterodimer of BMP-2/7, both delivered via a collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffold delivery system, with the aim to reduce the overall therapeutic BMP doses and the associated side-effects. We first show that the incorporation of hydroxyapatite in collagen-based BMP delivery systems is pivotal for achieving efficient BMP sequestration and controlled release. Using an ectopic implantation model, we then showed that the CHA+BMP-2/7 was more osteoinductive than CHA+BMP-2. Further evaluation of the molecular mechanisms responsible for this increased osteoinductivity at an early stage in the regeneration process indicated that the CHA+BMP-2/7 enhanced progenitor cell homing at the implantation site, upregulated the key transcriptomic determinants of bone formation, and increased the production of bone extracellular matrix components. Using fluorescently labelled BMP-2/7 and BMP-2, we demonstrated that the CHA scaffold provided a long-term delivery of both molecules for at least 20 days. Finally, using a rat femoral defect model, we showed that an ultra-low dose (0.5 µg) of BMP-2/7 accelerated fracture healing and performed at a level comparable to 20-times higher BMP-2 dose. Our results indicate that the sustained delivery of BMP-2/7 via a CHA scaffold could bring us a step closer in the quest for the use of physiological growth factor doses in fracture healing. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: • Incorporation of hydroxyapatite (HA) in a collagen scaffold dramatically improves bone morphogenic protein (BMP) sequestration via biophysical interactions with BMP, thereby providing more controlled BMP release compared with pristine collagen. • We then investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for increased osteoinductive potential of a heterodimer BMP-2/7 with is clinically used counterpart, the BMP-2 homodimer. • The superior osteoinductive properties of BMP-2/7 are a consequence of its direct positive effect on progenitor cell homing at the implantation site, which consequently leads to upregulation of cartilage and bone related genes and biochemical markers. • An ultra-low dose of BMP-2/7 delivered via a collagen-HA (CHA) scaffold leads to accelerated healing of a critical femoral defect in rats while a 20-times higher BMP-2 dose was required to achieve comparable results.
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Gélébart P, Cuenot S, Sinquin C, Halgand B, Sourice S, Le Visage C, Guicheux J, Colliec-Jouault S, Zykwinska A. Microgels based on Infernan, a glycosaminoglycan-mimetic bacterial exopolysaccharide, as BMP-2 delivery systems. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 284:119191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Proposal for a New Bioactive Kinetic Screw in an Implant, Using a Numerical Model. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A new biomechanism, Bioactive Kinetic Screw (BKS) for screws and bone implants created by the first author, is presented using a bone dental implant screw, in which the bone particles, blood, cells, and protein molecules removed during bone drilling are used as a homogeneous autogenous transplant in the same implant site, aiming to obtain primary and secondary bone stability, simplifying the surgical procedure, and improving the healing process. The new BKS is based on complex geometry. In this work, we describe the growth factor (GF) delivery properties and the in situ optimization of the use of the GF in the fixation of bone screws through a dental implant. To describe the drilling process, an explicit dynamic numerical model was created, where the results show a significant impact of the drilling process on the bone material. The simulation demonstrates that the space occupied by the screw causes stress and deformation in the bone during the perforation and removal of the particulate bone, resulting in the accumulation of material removed within the implant screw, filling the limit hole of the drill grooves present on the new BKS.
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Ying Y, Li B, Liu C, Xiong Z, Bai W, Ma P. Shape-Memory ECM-Mimicking Heparin-Modified Nanofibrous Gelatin Scaffold for Enhanced Bone Regeneration in Sinus Augmentation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:218-231. [PMID: 34961309 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials with clinical maneuverability and predictable bone regeneration are needed in the field of maxillary sinus augmentation. Herein, gelatin was chemically modified with heparin that specifically interacted with and stabilized bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). We then introduced thermally induced phase separation to form the injectable, shape-memory, highly porous scaffold for bone regeneration in sinus augmentation. The hydrated heparin-modified nanofibrous gelatin scaffolds (NH-GS) were demonstrated with high resilience and shape-memory property, both macroscopically and microscopically, making them injectable scaffolds and expected to be applied in sinus augmentation. This novel scaffold was verified to be biocompatible and an excellent matrix to support cell attachment, proliferation, and infiltration. Further, the growth factor-loaded NH-GS showed sustained release kinetics of BMP-2 through affinity-based scaffold-growth factor interaction, compared with BMP-2 loaded gelatin sponge (GS) and nanofibrous gelatin scaffold (NF). Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the BMP-2-loaded NH-GS exhibited the highest osteogenesis among the other groups. Taken together, this study introduces a new regenerative strategy in maxillary sinus augmentation, which is injectable with a predefined shape and structure and promotes bone regeneration through a more sustained BMP-2 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Ying
- Department of Oral Implantology, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Changying Liu
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zuochun Xiong
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pan Ma
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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Overexpression Effects of miR-424 and BMP2 on the Osteogenesis of Wharton's Jelly-Derived Stem Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7031492. [PMID: 34790821 PMCID: PMC8592721 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7031492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the translational application of noncoding RNAs is accelerated dramatically. In this regard, discovering therapeutic roles of microRNAs by developing synthetic RNA and vector-based RNA is attracting attention. Here, we studied the effect of BMP2 and miR-424 on the osteogenesis of Wharton's jelly-derived stem cells (WJSCs). For this purpose, human BMP2 and miR-424 DNA codes were cloned in the third generation of lentiviral vectors and then used for HEK-293T cell transfection. Lentiviral plasmids contained miR424, BMP-2, miR424-BMP2, green fluorescent protein (GFP) genes, and helper vectors. The recombinant lentiviral particles transduced the WJSCs, and the osteogenesis was evaluated by real-time PCR, Western blot, Alizarin Red staining, and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity. According to the results, there was a significant increase in the expression of the BMP2 gene and secretion of Osteocalcin protein in the group of miR424-BMP2. Moreover, the amount of dye deposition in Alizarin Red staining and alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher in the mentioned group (p < 0.05). Thus, the current study results clarify the efficacy of gene therapy by miR424-BMP2 vectors for bone tissue engineering. These data could help guide the development of gene therapy-based protocols for bone tissue engineering.
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Wani TU, Khan RS, Rather AH, Beigh MA, Sheikh FA. Local dual delivery therapeutic strategies: Using biomaterials for advanced bone tissue regeneration. J Control Release 2021; 339:143-155. [PMID: 34563589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bone development is a complex process involving a vast number of growth factors and chemical substances. These factors include transforming growth factor-beta, platelet-derived growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, and most importantly, the bone morphogenetic protein, which exhibits excellent therapeutic value in bone repair. However, the spatial-temporal relationship in the expression of these factors during bone formation makes the bone repair a more complicated process to address. Thus, using a single therapeutic agent to address bone formation does not seem to provide a clinically effective option. Conversely, a dual delivery approach facilitating the co-delivery of agents has proved to be a dynamic alternative since such a strategy can provide more efficient spatial-temporal action. Such delivery systems can smartly target more than one pathway or differentiation lineage and thus offer more efficient bone regeneration. This review discusses various dual delivery strategies reported in the literature employed to achieve improved bone regeneration. These include concurrent use of different therapeutic agents (including growth factors and drugs), enhancing bone formation and cell recruitment, and improving the efficiency of bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Umair Wani
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rumysa Saleem Khan
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Anjum Hamid Rather
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mushtaq A Beigh
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Faheem A Sheikh
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Influence of Human Jaw Periosteal Cells Seeded β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds on Blood Coagulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189942. [PMID: 34576103 PMCID: PMC8467579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering offers auspicious opportunities in oral and maxillofacial surgery to heal bone defects. For this purpose, the combination of cells with stability-providing scaffolds is required. Jaw periosteal cells (JPCs) are well suited for regenerative therapies, as they are easily accessible and show strong osteogenic potential. In this study, we analyzed the influence of uncoated and polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-coated β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds on JPC colonization and subsequent osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, interaction with the human blood was investigated. This study demonstrated that PLGA-coated and uncoated β-TCP scaffolds can be colonized with JPCs and further differentiated into osteogenic cells. On day 15, after cell seeding, JPCs with and without osteogenic differentiation were incubated with fresh human whole blood under dynamic conditions. The activation of coagulation, complement system, inflammation, and blood cells were analyzed using ELISA and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). JPC-seeded scaffolds showed a dense cell layer and osteogenic differentiation capacity on both PLGA-coated and uncoated β-TCP scaffolds. SEM analyses showed no relevant blood cell attachment and ELISA results revealed no significant increase in most of the analyzed cell activation markers (β-thromboglobulin, Sc5B-9, polymorphonuclear (PMN)-elastase). However, a notable increase in thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) complex levels, as well as fibrin fiber accumulation on JPC-seeded β-TCP scaffolds, was detected compared to the scaffolds without JPCs. Thus, this study demonstrated that besides the scaffold material the cells colonizing the scaffolds can also influence hemostasis, which can influence the regeneration of bone tissue.
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Lee MC, Seonwoo H, Jang KJ, Pandey S, Lim J, Park S, Kim JE, Choung YH, Garg P, Chung JH. Development of novel gene carrier using modified nano hydroxyapatite derived from equine bone for osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2742-2751. [PMID: 33665505 PMCID: PMC7895645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a representative substance that induces bone regeneration. Our research team extracted nanohydroxyapatite (EH) from natural resources, especially equine bones, and developed it as a molecular biological tool. Polyethylenimine (PEI) was used to coat the EH to develop a gene carrier. To verify that PEI is well coated in the EH, we first observed the morphology and dispersity of PEI-coated EH (pEH) by electron microscopy. The pEH particles were well distributed, while only the EH particles were not distributed and aggregated. Then, the existence of nitrogen elements of PEI on the surface of the pEH was confirmed by EDS, calcium concentration measurement and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Additionally, the pEH was confirmed to have a more positive charge than the 25 kD PEI by comparing the zeta potentials. As a result of pGL3 transfection, pEH was better able to transport genes to cells than 25 kD PEI. After verification as a gene carrier for pEH, we induced osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs by loading the BMP-2 gene in pEH (BMP-2/pEH) and delivering it to the cells. As a result, it was confirmed that osteogenic differentiation was promoted by showing that the expression of osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) was significantly increased in the group treated with BMP-2/pEH. In conclusion, we have not only developed a novel nonviral gene carrier that is better performing and less toxic than 25 kD PEI by modifying natural HA (the agricultural byproduct) but also proved that bone differentiation can be effectively promoted by delivering BMP-2 with pEH to stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Chul Lee
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Seonwoo
- Department of Industrial Machinery Engineering, Sunchon National University, 315 Maegok-dong, Sunchon, 57922, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Je Jang
- Division of Agro-system Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Shambhavi Pandey
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoon Lim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangbae Park
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Eun Kim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hoon Choung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Bk21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Pankaj Garg
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Chung
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Global Smart Farm Educational Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Bozorgi A, Khazaei M, Soleimani M, Jamalpoor Z. Application of nanoparticles in bone tissue engineering; a review on the molecular mechanisms driving osteogenesis. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4541-4567. [PMID: 34075945 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00504a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of nanoparticles into bone tissue engineering strategies is beneficial to govern cell fate into osteogenesis and the regeneration of large bone defects. The present study explored the role of nanoparticles to advance osteogenesis with a focus on the cellular and molecular pathways involved. Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Embase, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were explored for those published articles relevant to the involvement of nanoparticles in osteogenic cellular pathways. As multifunctional compounds, nanoparticles contribute to scaffold-free and scaffold-based tissue engineering strategies to progress osteogenesis and bone regeneration. They regulate inflammatory responses and osteo/angio/osteoclastic signaling pathways to generate an osteogenic niche. Besides, nanoparticles interact with biomolecules, enhance their half-life and bioavailability. Nanoparticles are promising candidates to promote osteogenesis. However, the interaction of nanoparticles with the biological milieu is somewhat complicated, and more considerations are recommended on the employment of nanoparticles in clinical applications because of NP-induced toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Bozorgi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran and Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran and Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Jamalpoor
- Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kim H, Kumbar SG, Nukavarapu SP. Biomaterial-directed cell behavior for tissue engineering. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 17:100260. [PMID: 33521410 PMCID: PMC7839921 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2020.100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Successful tissue regeneration strategies focus on the use of novel biomaterials, structures, and a variety of cues to control cell behavior and promote regeneration. Studies discovered how biomaterial/ structure cues in the form of biomaterial chemistry, material stiffness, surface topography, pore, and degradation properties play an important role in controlling cellular events in the contest of in vitro and in vivo tissue regeneration. Advanced biomaterials structures and strategies are developed to focus on the delivery of bioactive factors, such as proteins, peptides, and even small molecules to influence cell behavior and regeneration. The present article is an effort to summarize important findings and further discuss biomaterial strategies to influence and control cell behavior directly via physical and chemical cues. This article also touches on various modern methods in biomaterials processing to include bioactive factors as signaling cues to program cell behavior for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kim
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs-06269
| | - Sangamesh G. Kumbar
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs-06269
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs-06269
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington-06030
| | - Syam P. Nukavarapu
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs-06269
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs-06269
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington-06030
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14
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Levingstone T, Ali B, Kearney C, Dunne N. Hydroxyapatite sonosensitization of ultrasound-triggered, thermally responsive hydrogels: An on-demand delivery system for bone repair applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:1622-1633. [PMID: 33600064 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While bones have the innate capability to physiologically regenerate, in certain cases regeneration is suboptimal, too slow, or does not occur. Biomaterials-based growth factor delivery systems have shown potential for the treatment of challenging bone defects, however, achieving controlled growth factor release remains a challenge. The objective of this study was to develop a thermally responsive hydrogel for bone regeneration capable of ultrasound-triggered on-demand delivery of therapeutic agents. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that incorporation of hydroxyapatite (HA) into the hydrogel could increase sonosensitization, augmenting ultrasound sensitivity to enable controlled therapeutic release to the target tissue. Alginate thermally responsive P(Alg-g-NIPAAm) hydrogels were fabricated and varying quantities of HA (1, 3, 5, and 7% wt./vol.) incorporated. All hydrogels were highly injectable (maximum injection force below 6.5 N) and rheological characterization demonstrated their ability to gel at body temperature. The study demonstrated the ultrasound-triggered release of sodium fluorescein (NaF), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) from the hydrogels. Release rates of BSA and BMP-2 were significantly enhanced in the HA containing hydrogels, confirming for the first time the role of HA as a son sensitizer. Together these results demonstrate the potential of these ultrasound-triggered thermally responsive hydrogels for on-demand delivery of therapeutic agents for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Levingstone
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Medical Engineering Research (MEDeng), Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.,Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Badriah Ali
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Medical Engineering Research (MEDeng), Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.,Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cathal Kearney
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicholas Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Medical Engineering Research (MEDeng), Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Han SH, Cha M, Jin YZ, Lee KM, Lee JH. BMP-2 and hMSC dual delivery onto 3D printed PLA-Biogel scaffold for critical-size bone defect regeneration in rabbit tibia. Biomed Mater 2020; 16:015019. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aba879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Chen G, Kong P, Jiang A, Wang X, Sun Y, Yu T, Chi H, Song C, Zhang H, Subedi D, Ravi Kumar P, Bai K, Liu K, Ji Y, Yan J. A modular programmed biphasic dual-delivery system on 3D ceramic scaffolds for osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:9697-9717. [PMID: 32789334 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02127b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Single-factor delivery is the most common characteristic of bone tissue engineering techniques. However, bone regeneration is a complex process requiring multiple factors and specialized release mechanisms. Therefore, the development of a dual-delivery system allowing for programmed release kinetics would be highly desirable. Improvement of the molarity and versatility of the delivery system has rarely been studied. Herein, we report the development of a novel, modular programmed biphasic dual-release system (SCB), carrying a BMP2 and an engineered collagen I-derived recognition motif (Stath-DGEA), with a self-remodification feature on hydroxyapatite (HA)-based materials. The SCB system was loaded onto an additive manufactured (AM) scaffold in order to evaluate its bifactor osteogenic potential and its biphasic release behavior. Further, the biomechanical properties of the scaffold were studied by using the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method. Section fluorescent labeling revealed that the HA scaffold has a relatively higher density and efficiency. Additionally, the results of the release and inhibition experiment suggested that the SCB system could facilitate the sustained release of therapeutic levels of two factors during the initial stage of implantation, thereby exhibiting a rapid high-dose release pattern at a specific time point during the second stage. The FSI prediction model indicated that the scaffold provides an excellent biomimetic mechanical and fluid dynamic microenvironment to promote osteogenesis. Our results indicated that incorporation of BMP2 with Stath-DGEA in the biphasic SCB system could have a synergetic effect in promoting the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro, under staged stimulations. Further, in vivo studies in both ectopic and orthotopic rat models showed that the SCB system loaded onto an AM scaffold could enhance osteointegration and osteoinduction throughout the osteogenic process. Thus, the novel synthetic SCB system described herein used on an AM scaffold provides a biomimetic extracellular environment that enhances bone regeneration and is a promising multifunctional, dual-release platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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17
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Dashtimoghadam E, Fahimipour F, Tongas N, Tayebi L. Microfluidic fabrication of microcarriers with sequential delivery of VEGF and BMP-2 for bone regeneration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11764. [PMID: 32678204 PMCID: PMC7366644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68221-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound instability and poor functional vascularization in bone tissue engineering lead to lack of tissue integration and ultimate failure of engineered grafts. In order to harness the regenerative potential of growth factors and stimulate bone healing, present study aims to design multifunctional cell therapy microcarriers with the capability of sequential delivery of essential growth factors, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). An on-chip double emulsion method was implemented to generate monodisperse VEGF encapsulated microcarriers. Bio-inspired poly(3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) (PDA) was then functionalized to the microcarriers surface for BMP-2 conjugation. The microcarriers were seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using a dynamic culture technique for cells expansion. Finally, the microcarriers were incorporated into an injectable alginate-RGD hydrogel laden with endothelial cells (ECs) for further analysis. The DNA and calcium content, as well as ALP activity of the construct were analyzed. The confocal fluorescent microscopy was employed to monitor the MSCs and tunneling structure of ECs. Eventually, the capability of developed microcarriers for bone tissue formation was examined in vivo. Microfluidic platform generated monodisperse VEGF-loaded PLGA microcarriers with size-dependent release patterns. Microcarriers generated with the on-chip technique showed more sustained VEGF release profiles compared to the conventional bulk mixing method. The PDA functionalization of microcarriers surface not only provided immobilization of BMP-2 with prolonged bioavailability, but also enhanced the attachment and proliferation of MSCs. Dynamic culturing of microcarriers showcased their great potential to boost MSCs population required for stem cell therapy of bone defects. ALP activity and calcium content analysis of MSCs-laden microcarriers loaded into injectable hydrogels revealed their capability of tunneling formation, vascular cell growth and osteogenic differentiation. The in vivo histology and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that transplantation of MSC-laden microcarriers supports ectopic bone formation in the rat model. The presented approach to design bioactive microcarriers offer sustained sequential delivery of bone ECM chemical cues and offer an ideal stabilized 3D microenvironment for patient-specific cell therapy applications. The proposed methodology is readily expandable to integrate other cells and cytokines in a tuned spatiotemporal manner for personalized regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farahnaz Fahimipour
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nikita Tongas
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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18
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Injamuri S, Rahaman MN, Shen Y, Huang Y. Relaxin enhances bone regeneration with BMP‐2‐loaded hydroxyapatite microspheres. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1231-1242. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahitya Injamuri
- Department of Biological SciencesMissouri University of Science and Technology Rolla Missouri
| | - Mohamed N. Rahaman
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMissouri University of Science and Technology Rolla Missouri
| | - Youqu Shen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMissouri University of Science and Technology Rolla Missouri
| | - Yue‐Wern Huang
- Department of Biological SciencesMissouri University of Science and Technology Rolla Missouri
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19
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Kim S, Fan J, Lee CS, Chen C, Bubukina K, Lee M. Heparinized chitosan stabilizes the bioactivity of BMP-2 and potentiates the osteogenic efficacy of demineralized bone matrix. J Biol Eng 2020; 14:6. [PMID: 32165922 PMCID: PMC7059291 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-020-0231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Demineralized bone matrix (DBM), an allograft bone processed to better expose osteoinductive factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), is increasingly used for clinical bone repair. However, more extensive use of DBM is limited by its unpredictable osteoinductivity and low bone formation capacity. Commercial DBM products often employ polymeric carriers to enhance handling properties but such carriers generally do not possess bioactive functions. Heparin is a highly sulfated polysaccharide and is shown to form a stable complex with growth factors to enhance their bioactivities. In this study, a new heparinized synthetic carrier for DBM is developed based on photocrosslinking of methacrylated glycol chitosan and heparin conjugation. Results Heparinized chitosan exerts protective effects on BMP bioactivity against physiological stressors related to bone fracture healing. It also enhances the potency of BMPs by inhibiting the activity of BMP antagonist, noggin. Moreover, heparinized chitosan is effective to deliver bone marrow stromal cells and DBM for enhanced osteogenesis by sequestering and localizing the cell-produced or DBM-released BMPs. Conclusions This research suggests an essential approach of developing a new hydrogel carrier to stabilize the bioactivity of BMPs and improve the clinical efficacy of current bone graft therapeutics for accelerated bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyon Kim
- 1Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jiabing Fan
- 1Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Chung-Sung Lee
- 1Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- 1Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ksenia Bubukina
- 1Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Min Lee
- 1Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.,2Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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20
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Atienza-Roca P, Kieser DC, Cui X, Bathish B, Ramaswamy Y, Hooper GJ, Clarkson AN, Rnjak-Kovacina J, Martens PJ, Wise LM, Woodfield TBF, Lim KS. Visible light mediated PVA-tyramine hydrogels for covalent incorporation and tailorable release of functional growth factors. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:5005-5019. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00603c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PVA-Tyr hydrogel facilitated covalent incorporation can control release of pristine growth factors while retaining their native bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Atienza-Roca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- University of Otago Christchurch
- Christchurch 8011
- New Zealand
| | - David C. Kieser
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- University of Otago Christchurch
- Christchurch 8011
- New Zealand
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- University of Otago Christchurch
- Christchurch 8011
- New Zealand
| | - Boushra Bathish
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- University of Otago Christchurch
- Christchurch 8011
- New Zealand
| | - Yogambha Ramaswamy
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Sydney
- Sydney 2006
- Australia
| | - Gary J. Hooper
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- University of Otago Christchurch
- Christchurch 8011
- New Zealand
| | - Andrew N. Clarkson
- Department of Anatomy
- Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand
- University of Otago
- Dunedin 9054
- New Zealand
| | | | - Penny J. Martens
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- Sydney 2052
- Australia
| | - Lyn M. Wise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- University of Otago
- New Zealand
| | - Tim B. F. Woodfield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- University of Otago Christchurch
- Christchurch 8011
- New Zealand
| | - Khoon S. Lim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- University of Otago Christchurch
- Christchurch 8011
- New Zealand
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21
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Efficient in vivo bone formation by BMP-2 engineered human mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in a projection stereolithographically fabricated hydrogel scaffold. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:254. [PMID: 31412905 PMCID: PMC6694509 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cell-based bone tissue engineering shows promise for bone repair but faces some challenges, such as insufficient osteogenesis and limited architecture flexibility of the cell-delivery scaffold. Methods In this study, we first used lentiviral constructs to transduce ex vivo human bone marrow-derived stem cells with human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) gene (BMP-hBMSCs). We then introduced these cells into a hydrogel scaffold using an advanced visible light-based projection stereolithography (VL-PSL) technology, which is compatible with concomitant cell encapsulation and amenable to computer-aided architectural design, to fabricate scaffolds fitting local physical and structural variations in different bones and defects. Results The results showed that the BMP-hBMSCs encapsulated within the scaffolds had high viability with sustained BMP-2 gene expression and differentiated toward an osteogenic lineage without the supplement of additional BMP-2 protein. In vivo bone formation efficacy was further assessed using an intramuscular implantation model in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) imaging indicated rapid bone formation by the BMP-hBMSC-laden constructs as early as 14 days post-implantation. Histological examination revealed a mature trabecular bone structure with considerable vascularization. Through tracking of the implanted cells, we also found that BMP-hBMSC were directly involved in the new bone formation. Conclusions The robust, self-driven osteogenic capability and computer-designed architecture of the construct developed in this study should have potential applications for customized clinical repair of large bone defects or non-unions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1350-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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22
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Review of the Pathways Involved in the Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. J Craniofac Surg 2019; 30:703-708. [PMID: 30839467 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Grafts and prosthetic materials used for the repair of bone defects are often accompanied by comorbidity and rejection. Therefore, there is an immense need for novel approaches to combating the issues surrounding such defects. Because of their accessibility, substantial proportion, and osteogenic differentiation potential, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) make for an ideal source of bone tissue in regenerative medicine. However, efficient induction of ASCs toward an osteoblastic lineage in vivo is met with challenges, and many signaling pathways must come together to secure osteoblastogenesis. Among them are bone morphogenic protein, wingless-related integration site protein, Notch, Hedgehog, fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and extracellular regulated-signal kinase. The goal of this literature review is to conglomerate the present research on these pathways to formulate a better understanding of how ASCs are most effectively transformed into bone in the context of tissue engineering.
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23
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Han L, Jiang Y, Lv C, Gan D, Wang K, Ge X, Lu X. Mussel-inspired hybrid coating functionalized porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 179:470-478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Experimental study of rhBMP-2 chitosan nano-sustained release carrier-loaded PLGA/nHA scaffolds to construct mandibular tissue-engineered bone. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 102:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Chen G, Sun Y, Lu F, Jiang A, Subedi D, Kong P, Wang X, Yu T, Chi H, Song C, Liu K, Qi P, Yan J, Ji Y. A three-dimensional (3D) printed biomimetic hierarchical scaffold with a covalent modular release system for osteogenesis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109842. [PMID: 31500042 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics are well known for their biocompatibility, bioactivity, and osteoconductive nature. However, limited hierarchical structure and lack of ease in modularity hinder the widespread application of conventional HA ceramics. By using three-dimensional printing (3DP) techniques with multiple materials, including HA, complex biological and mechanical architecture of natural organisms can be achieved through biomimetics. In this study, we designed an osteoid, biomimetic, hierarchical, porous HA ceramic 3D printed scaffold (3DPs). Further incorporation of a covalent, modular, controlled release system (CMR), based on Watson-Crick's complementary oligonucleotides, and was added to carry a bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) peptide. The choice of a HA biomimetic scaffold housing BMP2 protein fragments was selected to successfully promote osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Scanning electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography analysis and computer fluid dynamics simulations of the 3DPs showed a uniform biomimetic hierarchical structure and an effective interior permeability. Active molecules were found bound with high stability and modular to the scaffold surface via the CMR system. After 7 days of incubation under physiological conditions, approximately 90% of active factors remained bound. Compared to control groups, the 3DPs-CMR-BMP2 group significantly enhanced cell proliferation and adhesion. Moreover, the 3DPs-CMR-BMP2 group exhibited more extensive and sustained osteogenic effects through upregulated expression of osteogenic factors and enhanced calcium deposition, as compared to study and control groups. Furthermore, ectopic osteogenesis and a critical calvarial defect model confirmed that the 3DPs-CMR-BMP2 group significantly promoted in vivo bone healing versus control. Thus, our results showed that biomimetic hierarchical 3DPs with a CMR system successfully promote cell proliferation, adhesion, differentiation and osteogenesis, on a continuous cycle. The biomimetic hierarchical 3DPs with a CMR system offers a promising multi-functional, bone substitute material for treatment of patients with bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fangzhou Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Anlong Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dipendra Subedi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Pengyu Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tailong Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Chi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chengchao Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Kunyu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Hospital in Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Heihe, Heihe, China
| | - Jinglong Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Ye Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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26
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Dual functional approaches for osteogenesis coupled angiogenesis in bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109761. [PMID: 31349418 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone fracture healing is a multistep and overlapping process of inflammation, angiogenesis and osteogenesis. It is initiated by inflammation, causing the release of various cytokines and growth factors. It leads to the recruitment of stem cells and formation of vasculature resulting in the functional bone formation. This combined phenomenon is used by bone tissue engineers from past few years to address the problem of vasculature and osteogenic differentiation during bone regeneration. In this review, we have discussed all major studies reporting the dual functioning approach to promote osteogenesis coupled angiogenesis using various scaffolds. These scaffolds are broadly classified into four types based on the nature of their structural and functional components. The functionality of the scaffold is either due to the structural components or the loaded cargo which conducts or induces the coupled functionality. Dual delivery system for osteoinductive and angioinductive factors ensures the co-delivery of two different types of molecules to induce osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Single delivery scaffold for angioinductive and osteoinductive molecule releases single type of molecules which could induce both angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Osteoconductive scaffold consisted of bone constituents releases angioinductive factors. Osteoconductive and angioconductive scaffold composed of components which provide the native substrate features for osteogenesis and angiogenesis. This review article also discusses the studies highlighting the synergism of physico-chemical stimuli as dual functioning feature to enhance angiogenesis and osteogenesis simultaneously. In addition, this article covers one of the least discussed area of the bone regeneration i.e. 'cartilage formation as a median between angiogenesis and osteogenesis'.
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27
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Oh SM, Shin JS, Kim IK, Kim JH, Moon JS, Lee SK, Lee JH. Therapeutic Effects of HIF-1α on Bone Formation around Implants in Diabetic Mice Using Cell-Penetrating DNA-Binding Protein. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040760. [PMID: 30791543 PMCID: PMC6412638 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with uncontrolled diabetes are susceptible to implant failure due to impaired bone metabolism. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), a transcription factor that is up-regulated in response to reduced oxygen during bone repair, is known to mediate angiogenesis and osteogenesis. However, its function is inhibited under hyperglycemic conditions in diabetic patients. This study thus evaluates the effects of exogenous HIF-1α on bone formation around implants by applying HIF-1α to diabetic mice and normal mice via a protein transduction domain (PTD)-mediated DNA delivery system. Implants were placed in the both femurs of diabetic and normal mice. HIF-1α and placebo gels were injected to implant sites of the right and left femurs, respectively. We found that bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone volume (BV) were significantly greater in the HIF-1α treated group than placebo in diabetic mice (p < 0.05). Bioinformatic analysis showed that diabetic mice had 216 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 21 target genes. Among the target genes, NOS2, GPNMB, CCL2, CCL5, CXCL16, and TRIM63 were found to be associated with bone formation. Based on these results, we conclude that local administration of HIF-1α via PTD may boost bone formation around the implant and induce gene expression more favorable to bone formation in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Oh
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jin-Su Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Il-Koo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jung-Ho Kim
- Research Institute for Precision Immuno-medicine, Good T Cells Incorporated, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jae-Seung Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Sang-Kyou Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Research Institute for Precision Immuno-medicine, Good T Cells Incorporated, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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Melling GE, Colombo JS, Avery SJ, Ayre WN, Evans SL, Waddington RJ, Sloan AJ. Liposomal Delivery of Demineralized Dentin Matrix for Dental Tissue Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1057-1065. [PMID: 29316874 PMCID: PMC6033301 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Current dental restorations have short longevity, and consequently, there is a need for novel tissue engineering strategies that aim to regenerate the dentin-pulp complex. Dentin matrix contains a myriad of bioactive growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins associated with the recruitment, proliferation, and differentiation of dental pulp progenitor cells. In this study, we show that demineralized dentin matrix (DDM), from noncarious dentine, can be encapsulated into liposomes for delivery to dental tissue to promote regeneration. Liposomes were formulated to encapsulate 0-100 μg/mL DDM, lysed with Triton X, and used in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to quantify release. The encapsulation efficiencies were calculated to be 25.9% and 28.8% (VEGF/TGF-β1) for 50 μg/mL DDM liposomes and 39% and 146.7% (VEGF/TGF-β1) for 100 μg/mL DDM liposomes. All liposome formulations had no cytotoxic effects on a dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) clone, as shown by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltertrazolium bromide), Caspase 3/7 assays, and cell counts. The ability of the liposomes to stimulate DPSC chemotactic recruitment was tested by Boyden chamber chemotaxis assays. Unloaded liposomes alone stimulated significant progenitor cell recruitment, while DDM-loaded liposomes further promoted chemotactic recruitment in a dose-dependent manner. DDM liposomes promoted the upregulation of "osteodentin" markers osteocalcin and RUNX2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2) in DPSCs after 9 days of treatment, determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Furthermore, Alizarin Red S staining showed that unloaded liposomes alone induced biomineralization of DPSCs, and DDM liposomes further increased the amount of mineralization observed. DDM liposomes were more effective than free DDM (10 μg/mL) at activating recruitment and osteogenic differentiation of DPSC, which are key events in the endogenous repair of the dentin-pulp complex. The study has highlighted the therapeutic potential of bioactive DDM liposomes in activating dental tissue repair in vitro, suggesting that liposomal delivery from biomaterials could be a valuable tool for reparative dentistry and hard-tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve E. Melling
- Department of Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - John S. Colombo
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Steven J. Avery
- Department of Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Wayne Nishio Ayre
- Department of Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel L. Evans
- Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel J. Waddington
- Department of Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair J. Sloan
- Department of Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Mohammadi M, Alibolandi M, Abnous K, Salmasi Z, Jaafari MR, Ramezani M. Fabrication of hybrid scaffold based on hydroxyapatite-biodegradable nanofibers incorporated with liposomal formulation of BMP-2 peptide for bone tissue engineering. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:1987-1997. [PMID: 29933024 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we fabricated an efficient, simple biomimetic scaffold to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Electrospun poly L-lactic acid nanofibers were employed to mimic the nanofibrillar structure of bone proteins and coated with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to simulate bone minerals. Thereafter, we regulated the release pattern of BMP-2 peptide through covalent attachment of an optimized liposomal formulation to the scaffold. The fabricated platform provided a sustained release profile of BMP-2 peptide up to 21 days while supporting cellular attachment and proliferation without cytotoxicity. In-vitro results confirmed the superiority of the scaffold containing liposomes through enhancement of growth and differentiation of MSCs. Ectopic bone formation model exhibited significant localized initiation of bone formation of liposome incorporated scaffold. Consequently, these findings demonstrated that our designed platform with modified release properties of BMP-2 peptide considerably promoted osteogenic differentiation of MSCs making it a unique candidate for bone regeneration therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Salmasi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Heher P, Mühleder S, Mittermayr R, Redl H, Slezak P. Fibrin-based delivery strategies for acute and chronic wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:134-147. [PMID: 29247766 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrin, a natural hydrogel, is the end product of the physiological blood coagulation cascade and naturally involved in wound healing. Beyond its role in hemostasis, it acts as a local reservoir for growth factors and as a provisional matrix for invading cells that drive the regenerative process. Its unique intrinsic features do not only promote wound healing directly via modulation of cell behavior but it can also be fine-tuned to evolve into a delivery system for sustained release of therapeutic biomolecules, cells and gene vectors. To further augment tissue regeneration potential, current strategies exploit and modify the chemical and physical characteristics of fibrin to employ combined incorporation of several factors and their timed release. In this work we show advanced therapeutic approaches employing fibrin matrices in wound healing and cover the many possibilities fibrin offers to the field of regenerative medicine.
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Zhang X, Yu Q, Wang YA, Zhao J. Dose reduction of bone morphogenetic protein-2 for bone regeneration using a delivery system based on lyophilization with trehalose. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:403-414. [PMID: 29391797 PMCID: PMC5769568 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s150875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To induce sufficient new bone formation, high doses of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) are applied in regenerative medicine that often induce serious side effects. Therefore, improved treatment strategies are required. Here, we investigate whether the delivery of BMP-2 lyophilized in the presence of trehalose reduced the dose of BMP-2 required for bone regeneration. Materials and methods A new growth factor delivery system was fabricated using BMP-2-loaded TiO2 nanotubes by lyophilization with trehalose (TiO2-Lyo-Tre-BMP-2). We measured BMP-2 release characteristics, bioactivity, and stability, and determined the effects on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in vitro. Additionally, we evaluated the ability of this formulation to regenerate new bone around implants in rat femur defects by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), sequential fluorescent labelling, and histological analysis. Results Compared with absorbed BMP-2-loaded TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2-BMP-2), TiO2-Lyo-Tre-BMP-2 exhibited sustained release, consistent bioactivity, and higher stability of BMP-2, and resulted in greater osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Eight weeks post-operation, TiO2-Lyo-Tre-BMP-2 nanotubes, with various dosages of BMP-2, regenerated larger amounts of new bone than TiO2-BMP-2 nanotubes. Conclusion Our findings indicate that delivery of BMP-2 lyophilized with trehalose may be a promising method to reduce the dose of BMP-2 and avoid the associated side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology
| | - Quan Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-An Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Growth Factor Delivery Systems for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1078:245-269. [PMID: 30357627 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0950-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors (GFs) are often a key component in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches. In order to fully exploit the therapeutic potential of GFs, GF delivery vehicles have to meet a number of key design criteria such as providing localized delivery and mimicking the dynamic native GF expression levels and patterns. The use of biomaterials as delivery systems is the most successful strategy for controlled delivery and has been translated into different commercially available systems. However, the risk of side effects remains an issue, which is mainly attributed to insufficient control over the release profile. This book chapter reviews the current strategies, chemistries, materials and delivery vehicles employed to overcome the current limitations associated with GF therapies.
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Segredo-Morales E, García-García P, Évora C, Delgado A. BMP delivery systems for bone regeneration: Healthy vs osteoporotic population. Review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Noori A, Ashrafi SJ, Vaez-Ghaemi R, Hatamian-Zaremi A, Webster TJ. A review of fibrin and fibrin composites for bone tissue engineering. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:4937-4961. [PMID: 28761338 PMCID: PMC5516781 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s124671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering has emerged as a new treatment approach for bone repair and regeneration seeking to address limitations associated with current therapies, such as autologous bone grafting. While many bone tissue engineering approaches have traditionally focused on synthetic materials (such as polymers or hydrogels), there has been a lot of excitement surrounding the use of natural materials due to their biologically inspired properties. Fibrin is a natural scaffold formed following tissue injury that initiates hemostasis and provides the initial matrix useful for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Fibrin has captured the interest of bone tissue engineers due to its excellent biocompatibility, controllable biodegradability, and ability to deliver cells and biomolecules. Fibrin is particularly appealing because its precursors, fibrinogen, and thrombin, which can be derived from the patient's own blood, enable the fabrication of completely autologous scaffolds. In this article, we highlight the unique properties of fibrin as a scaffolding material to treat bone defects. Moreover, we emphasize its role in bone tissue engineering nanocomposites where approaches further emulate the natural nanostructured features of bone when using fibrin and other nanomaterials. We also review the preparation methods of fibrin glue and then discuss a wide range of fibrin applications in bone tissue engineering. These include the delivery of cells and/or biomolecules to a defect site, distributing cells, and/or growth factors throughout other pre-formed scaffolds and enhancing the physical as well as biological properties of other biomaterials. Thoughts on the future direction of fibrin research for bone tissue engineering are also presented. In the future, the development of fibrin precursors as recombinant proteins will solve problems associated with using multiple or single-donor fibrin glue, and the combination of nanomaterials that allow for the incorporation of biomolecules with fibrin will significantly improve the efficacy of fibrin for numerous bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Noori
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | | | - Roza Vaez-Ghaemi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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Extracellular matrix and α 5β 1 integrin signaling control the maintenance of bone formation capacity by human adipose-derived stromal cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44398. [PMID: 28290502 PMCID: PMC5349595 DOI: 10.1038/srep44398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells of human adipose tissue have the capacity to generate osteogenic grafts with intrinsic vasculogenic properties. However, adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC), even after minimal monolayer expansion, display poor osteogenic capacity in vivo. We investigated whether ASC bone-forming capacity may be maintained by culture within a self-produced extracellular matrix (ECM) that recapitulates the native environment. SVF cells expanded without passaging up to 28 days (Unpass-ASC) deposited a fibronectin-rich extracellular matrix and displayed greater clonogenicity and differentiation potential in vitro compared to ASC expanded only for 6 days (P0-ASC) or for 28 days with regular passaging (Pass-ASC). When implanted subcutaneously, Unpass-ASC produced bone tissue similarly to SVF cells, in contrast to P0- and Pass-ASC, which mainly formed fibrous tissue. Interestingly, clonogenic progenitors from native SVF and Unpass-ASC expressed low levels of the fibronectin receptor α5 integrin (CD49e), which was instead upregulated in P0- and Pass-ASC. Mechanistically, induced activation of α5β1 integrin in Unpass-ASC led to a significant loss of bone formation in vivo. This study shows that ECM and regulation of α5β1-integrin signaling preserve ASC progenitor properties, including bone tissue-forming capacity, during in vitro expansion.
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Zhong C, Feng J, Lin X, Bao Q. Continuous release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 through nano-graphene oxide-based delivery influences the activation of the NF-κB signal transduction pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1215-1226. [PMID: 28243085 PMCID: PMC5315217 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s124040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has been used as a delivery vehicle for small molecule drugs and nucleotides. To further investigate GO as a smart biomaterial for the controlled release of cargo molecules, we hypothesized that GO may be an appropriate delivery vehicle because it releases bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). GO characterization indicated that the size distribution of the GO flakes ranged from 81.1 nm to 45,749.7 nm, with an approximate thickness of 2 nm. After BMP2 adsorption onto GO, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal gravimetric analysis were performed. Compared to GO, BMP2-GO did not induce significant changes in the characteristics of the materials. GO continuously released BMP2 for at least 40 days. Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and chondrocytes were treated with BMP2-GO in interleukin-1 media and assessed in terms of cell viability, flow cytometric characterization, and expression of particular mRNA. Compared to GO, BMP2-GO did not induce any significant changes in biocompatibility. We treated osteoarthritic rats with BMP2 and BMP2-GO, which showed significant differences in Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores (P<0.05). Quantitative assessment revealed significant differences compared to that using BMP2 and BMP2-GO (P<0.05). These findings indicate that GO may be potentially used to control the release of carrier materials. The combination of BMP2 and GO slowed the progression of NF-κB-activated degenerative changes in osteoarthritis. Therefore, we infer that our BMP2-GO strategy could alleviate the NF-κB pathway by inducing continuous BMP2 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xiangjin Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Bao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine; Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Krishnan L, Priddy LB, Esancy C, Klosterhoff BS, Stevens HY, Tran L, Guldberg RE. Delivery vehicle effects on bone regeneration and heterotopic ossification induced by high dose BMP-2. Acta Biomater 2017; 49:101-112. [PMID: 27940197 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), delivered on absorbable collagen sponge, is frequently used to treat bone defects. However, supraphysiological BMP-2 doses are common and often associated with complications such as heterotopic ossification and inflammation, causing pain and impaired mobility. This has prompted investigations into strategies to spatially control bone regeneration, for example growth factor delivery in appropriate scaffolds. Our objective was to investigate the spatiotemporal effects of high dose BMP-2 on bone regeneration as a function of the delivery vehicle. We hypothesized that an alginate delivery system would spatially restrict bone formation compared to a collagen sponge delivery system. In vitro, BMP-2 release was accelerated from collagen sponge compared to alginate constructs. In vivo, bone regeneration was evaluated over 12weeks in critically sized rat femoral segmental defects treated with 30μg rhBMP-2 in alginate hydrogel or collagen sponge, surrounded by perforated nanofiber meshes. Total bone volume, calculated from micro-CT reconstructions, was higher in the alginate group at 12weeks. Though bone volume within the central defect region was greater in the alginate group at 8 and 12weeks, heterotopic bone volume was similar between groups. Likewise, mechanical properties from ex vivo torsional testing were comparable between groups. Histology corroborated these findings and revealed heterotopic mineralization at 2weeks post-surgery in both groups. Overall, this study recapitulated the heterotopic ossification associated with high dose BMP-2 delivery, and demonstrated that the amount and spatial pattern of bone formation was dependent on the delivery matrix. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Alginate hydrogel-based BMP-2 delivery has induced better spatiotemporal bone regeneration in animals, compared to clinically used collagen sponge, at lower BMP-2 doses. Lack of clear dose-response relationships for BMP-2 vis-à-vis bone regeneration has contributed to the use of higher doses clinically. We investigated the potential of the alginate system, with comparatively favorable BMP-2 release-kinetics, to reduce heterotopic ossification and promote bone regeneration, when used with a high BMP-2 dose. While defect mineralization improved with alginate hydrogel, the initial high-release phase and likely early tissue exposure to BMP-2 appeared sufficient to induce heterotopic ossification. The characterization presented here should provide the framework for future evaluations of strategies to optimize bone formation and minimize adverse effects of high dose BMP-2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxminarayanan Krishnan
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Lauren B Priddy
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Camden Esancy
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Brett S Klosterhoff
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Hazel Y Stevens
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Lisa Tran
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Robert E Guldberg
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Venkatesan J, Anil S, Kim SK, Shim MS. Chitosan as a vehicle for growth factor delivery: Various preparations and their applications in bone tissue regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:1383-1397. [PMID: 28109812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of conventional autografts and allografts by bone fragments constructed from alternate materials, cells, and molecules (growth factors, drugs, etc.) is an exciting prospect in the field of bone tissue engineering. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a growth factor that has been extensively studied from this point of view. This review analyzes the relevance of chitosan and its derivatives and composites with various materials such as ceramics, heparin, silica, stem cells, titanium implants, etc., in terms of delivering BMP-2 for the purpose of bone regeneration. Chitosan offers the versatility to be modified into any shapes or sizes including conversion to nanoparticles, microspheres, nanofibers, porous scaffolds, and films. The results presented in this review clearly demonstrate that chitosan-based materials are biocompatible and have the potential to systematically and sustainably release BMP-2 where required. This release results in enhanced cell proliferation levels, enhancement of alkaline phosphatase activity, increased differentiation as well as increased mineralization under in vitro and in vivo conditions. This review also shines a spotlight on the currently developed chitosan-based products that are being used for BMP-2 delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 153, AIkharj, 11942, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Institute for Life Science of Seogo (ILSS), Kolmar Korea Co, Seoul 137-876, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Suk Shim
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea.
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Crasto GJ, Kartner N, Reznik N, Spatafora MV, Chen H, Williams R, Burns PN, Clokie C, Manolson MF, Peel SA. Controlled bone formation using ultrasound-triggered release of BMP-2 from liposomes. J Control Release 2016; 243:99-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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40
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Osinga R, Di Maggio N, Todorov A, Allafi N, Barbero A, Laurent F, Schaefer DJ, Martin I, Scherberich A. Generation of a Bone Organ by Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Through Endochondral Ossification. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1090-7. [PMID: 27334490 PMCID: PMC4954448 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : Recapitulation of endochondral ossification (ECO) (i.e., generation of marrow-containing ossicles through a cartilage intermediate) has relevance to develop human organotypic models for bone or hematopoietic cells and to engineer grafts for bone regeneration. Unlike bone marrow-derived stromal cells (also known as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells), adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) have so far failed to form a bone organ by ECO. The goal of the present study was to assess whether priming human ASC to a defined stage of chondrogenesis in vitro allows their autonomous ECO upon ectopic implantation. ASC were cultured either as micromass pellets or into collagen sponges in chondrogenic medium containing transforming growth factor-β3 and bone morphogenetic protein-6 for 4 weeks (early hypertrophic templates) or for two additional weeks in medium supplemented with β-glycerophosphate, l-thyroxin, and interleukin1-β to induce hypertrophic maturation (late hypertrophic templates). Constructs were implanted in vivo and analyzed after 8 weeks. In vitro, ASC deposited cartilaginous matrix positive for glycosaminoglycans, type II collagen, and Indian hedgehog. Hypertrophic maturation induced upregulation of type X collagen, bone sialoprotein, and matrix metalloproteinase13 (MMP13). In vivo, both early and late hypertrophic templates underwent cartilage remodeling, as assessed by MMP13- and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive staining, and developed bone ossicles, including bone marrow elements, although to variable degrees of efficiency. In situ hybridization for human-specific sequences and staining with a human specific anti-CD146 antibody demonstrated the direct contribution of ASC to bone and stromal tissue formation. In conclusion, despite their debated skeletal progenitor nature, human ASC can generate bone organs through ECO when suitably primed in vitro. SIGNIFICANCE Recapitulation of endochondral ossification (ECO) (i.e., generation of marrow-containing ossicles through a cartilage intermediate) has relevance to develop human organotypic models for bone or hematopoietic cells and to engineer grafts for bone regeneration. This study demonstrated that expanded, human adult adipose-derived stromal cells can generate ectopic bone through ECO, as previously reported for bone marrow stromal cells. This system can be used as a model in a variety of settings for mimicking ECO during development, physiology, or pathology (e.g., to investigate the role of BMPs, their receptors, and signaling pathways). The findings have also translational relevance in the field of bone regeneration, which, despite several advances in the domains of materials and surgical techniques, still faces various limitations before being introduced in the routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Osinga
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic, and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nunzia Di Maggio
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Atanas Todorov
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nima Allafi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic, and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Developmental Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Johannes Schaefer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic, and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Scherberich
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Raftery RM, Walsh DP, Castaño IM, Heise A, Duffy GP, Cryan SA, O'Brien FJ. Delivering Nucleic-Acid Based Nanomedicines on Biomaterial Scaffolds for Orthopedic Tissue Repair: Challenges, Progress and Future Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5447-5469. [PMID: 26840618 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As well as acting to fill defects and allow for cell infiltration and proliferation in regenerative medicine, biomaterial scaffolds can also act as carriers for therapeutics, further enhancing their efficacy. Drug and protein delivery on scaffolds have shown potential, however, supraphysiological quantities of therapeutic are often released at the defect site, causing off-target side effects and cytotoxicity. Gene therapy involves the introduction of foreign genes into a cell in order to exert an effect; either replacing a missing gene or modulating expression of a protein. State of the art gene therapy also encompasses manipulation of the transcriptome by harnessing RNA interference (RNAi) therapy. The delivery of nucleic acid nanomedicines on biomaterial scaffolds - gene-activated scaffolds -has shown potential for use in a variety of tissue engineering applications, but as of yet, have not reached clinical use. The current state of the art in terms of biomaterial scaffolds and delivery vector materials for gene therapy is reviewed, and the limitations of current procedures discussed. Future directions in the clinical translation of gene-activated scaffolds are also considered, with a particular focus on bone and cartilage tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne M Raftery
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
- Drug Delivery and Advanced Materials Research Team, School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - David P Walsh
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
- Drug Delivery and Advanced Materials Research Team, School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Irene Mencía Castaño
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andreas Heise
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Garry P Duffy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Drug Delivery and Advanced Materials Research Team, School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
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42
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Cheng TL, Schindeler A, Little DG. BMP-2 delivered via sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) improves bone repair in a rat open fracture model. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:1168-76. [PMID: 26679381 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are an alternative to bone graft for the treatment of high-energy open fractures. The standard delivery system for BMP-2 is a porous collagen sponge, but we have previously found that the biocompatible, high viscosity carrier, Sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) is an effective and potentially less invasive alternative. The efficacy of SAIB as a BMP-2 delivery system was examined in an open fracture model featuring a femoral osteotomy with periosteal stripping in 9-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats. SAIB containing BMP-2 (SAIB/BMP-2) was delivered into the fracture site during surgery and an additional group was further co-treated with zoledronic acid and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (SAIB/BMP-2/HA/ZA). These were compared to untreated fractures and SAIB carrier alone (negative controls), and BMP-2 loaded collagen sponge (positive control). The rate of radiographic union and the biomechanical properties of the healed fractures were compared after 6-week. Untreated and SAIB-treated fractures showed poor repair, with 53% and 64%, respectively, not bridged at 6 week. In contrast, collagen/BMP-2, SAIB/BMP-2, and SAIB/BMP-2/HA/ZA showed significantly increased union (100%, 100%, and 94%, respectively, p < 0.05). Four-point bend testing revealed that collagen/BMP-2 and SAIB/BMP-2/HA/ZA restored the strength of fractured femora to that of intact femora by 6 week, whereas untreated and SAIB remained less than intact controls by 60% and 67%, respectively (p < 0.05). Overall, the SAIB/BMP-2/HA/ZA formulation was comparable to BMP-2 infused collagen sponge in terms of promoting open fractures repair, but with the additional potential for less invasive delivery. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1168-1176, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan L Cheng
- Orthopaedic Research and Biotechnology Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, 2145, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aaron Schindeler
- Orthopaedic Research and Biotechnology Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, 2145, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David G Little
- Orthopaedic Research and Biotechnology Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, 2145, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Kim RY, Lee B, Park SN, Ko JH, Kim IS, Hwang SJ. Is Heparin Effective for the Controlled Delivery of High-Dose Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2? Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:801-17. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ri Youn Kim
- BK21 2nd Program for Craniomaxillofacial Life Science, Department of Maxillofacial Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomseok Lee
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Nae Park
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dalim Tissen Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Ko
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dalim Tissen Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sook Kim
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Jung Hwang
- BK21 2nd Program for Craniomaxillofacial Life Science, Department of Maxillofacial Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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44
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McCarthy B, Yuan Y, Koria P. Elastin-like-polypeptide based fusion proteins for osteogenic factor delivery in bone healing. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:1029-37. [PMID: 27038196 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Modern treatments of bone injuries and diseases are becoming increasingly dependent on the usage of growth factors to stimulate bone growth. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), a potent osteogenic inductive protein, exhibits promising results in treatment models, but recently has had its practical efficacy questioned due to the lack of local retention, ectopic bone formation, and potentially lethal inflammation. Where a new delivery technique of the BMP-2 is necessary, here we demonstrate the viability of an elastin-like peptide (ELP) fusion protein containing BMP-2 for delivery of the BMP-2. This fusion protein retains the performance characteristics of both the BMP-2 and ELP. The fusion protein was found to induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells as evidenced by the production of alkaline phosphatase and extracellular calcium deposits in response to treatment by the fusion protein. Retention of the ELPs inverse phase transition property has allowed for expression of the fusion protein within a bacterial host (such as Escherichia coli) and easy and rapid purification using inverse transition cycling. The fusion protein formed self-aggregating nanoparticles at human-body temperature. The data collected suggests the viability of these fusion protein nanoparticles as a dosage-efficient and location-precise noncytotoxic delivery vehicle for BMP-2 in bone treatment. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1029-1037, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce McCarthy
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620
| | - Piyush Koria
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620
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45
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Ma D, An G, Liang M, Liu Y, Zhang B, Wang Y. A composited PEG-silk hydrogel combining with polymeric particles delivering rhBMP-2 for bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 65:221-31. [PMID: 27157747 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Given the fabulous potential of promoting bone regeneration, BMP-2 has been investigated widely in the bone tissue engineering field. A sophisticated biomaterial loaded with BMP-2, which could avoid the required supraphysiological dose leading to high medical costs and risks of complications, has been considered as a promising strategy to treat non-healing bone defects. In this study, we developed a simple approach to engineer a composited hydrogel consisting polymeric particles (PLA/PLGA) used as a BMP-2 delivery vehicle. Compared with other groups, the introduction of PLA into PEG-silk gels endowed the hydrogel new physicochemical characteristics especially hydrophobicity which inhibited the burst release of BMP-2 and enhanced gel's structural stability. Moreover, such composited gels could stabilize entrapped proteins and maintain their bioactivity fully in vitro. In vivo, the bio-degradability experiment demonstrated this system was biocompatible and the reinforced hydrophobicity significantly decreased degradation rate, and in rat critical-sized cranial defects model, the gel containing PLA promoted the most bone formation. These findings demonstrated the introduction of PLA changed physicochemical features of gels more suitable as a BMP-2 carrier indicated by inducing bone regeneration efficiently in large bone defects at low delivered dose and this system may own translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakun Ma
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Gang An
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Heilongjiang, Provincial Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yugang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Hebei, 056002, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yansong Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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46
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Heo Y, Kim EH, Kobatake E, Nah JW, Ito Y, Son TI. Preparation of phosphonated gelatin-coated titanium containing rhBMP-2 by UV irradiation for improved osteoinduction and function. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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47
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Wang H, Wu G, Zhang J, Zhou K, Yin B, Su X, Qiu G, Yang G, Zhang X, Zhou G, Wu Z. Osteogenic effect of controlled released rhBMP-2 in 3D printed porous hydroxyapatite scaffold. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 141:491-498. [PMID: 26896655 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, 3D printing as effective technology has been highlighted in the biomedical field. Previously, a porous hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold with the biocompatibility and osteoconductivity has been developed by this method. However, its osteoinductivity is limited. The main purpose of this study was to improve it by the introduction of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). This scaffold was developed by coating rhBMP-2-delivery microspheres with collagen. These synthesized scaffolds were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), a delivery test in vitro, cell culture, and the experiments in vivo by a Micro-computed tomography (μCT) scan and histological evaluation of VanGieson staining. SEM results indicated the surface of scaffolds were more fit for the adhesion of hMSCs to coat collagen/rhBMP-2 microspheres. Biphasic release of rhBMP-2 could continue for more than 21 days, and keep its osteoinductivity to induce osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in vitro. In addition, the experiments in vivo showed that the scaffold had a good bone regeneration capacity. These findings demonstrate that the HA/Collagen/Chitosan Microspheres system can simultaneously achieve localized long-term controlled release of rhBMP-2 and bone regeneration, which provides a promising route for improving the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Gui Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kui Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bo Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xinlin Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Guang Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xianglin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Bone and Joint Disease, Beijing 100730, China.
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48
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Farokhi M, Mottaghitalab F, Shokrgozar MA, Ou KL, Mao C, Hosseinkhani H. Importance of dual delivery systems for bone tissue engineering. J Control Release 2016; 225:152-69. [PMID: 26805518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone formation is a complex process that requires concerted function of multiple growth factors. For this, it is essential to design a delivery system with the ability to load multiple growth factors in order to mimic the natural microenvironment for bone tissue formation. However, the short half-lives of growth factors, their relatively large size, slow tissue penetration, and high toxicity suggest that conventional routes of administration are unlikely to be effective. Therefore, it seems that using multiple bioactive factors in different delivery systems can develop new strategies for improving bone tissue regeneration. Combination of these factors along with biomaterials that permit tunable release profiles would help to achieve truly spatiotemporal regulation during delivery. This review summarizes the various dual-control release systems that are used for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Farokhi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Mottaghitalab
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Hossein Hosseinkhani
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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Agrawal V, Sinha M. A review on carrier systems for bone morphogenetic protein-2. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:904-925. [PMID: 26728994 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has unique bone regeneration property. The powerful osteoinductive nature makes it considered as second line of therapy in nonunion bone defect. A large number of carriers and delivery systems made up of different materials have been investigated for controlled and sustained release of BMP-2. The delivery systems are in the form of hydrogel, microsphere, nanoparticles, and fibers. The carriers used for the delivery are made up of metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. Implantation of these protein-loaded carrier leads to cell adhesion, degradation which eventually releases the drug/protein at site specific. But, problems like ectopic growth, lesser protein delivery, inactivation of the protein are reported in the available carrier systems. Therefore, it is need of an hour to modify the available carrier systems as well as explore other biomaterials with desired properties. In this review, all the reported carrier systems made of metals, ceramics, polymers, composites are evaluated in terms of their processing conditions, loading capacity and release pattern of BMP-2. Along with these biomaterials, the attempts of protein modification by adding some functional group to BMP-2 or extracting functional peptides from the protein to achieve the desired effect, is also evaluated. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 904-925, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Agrawal
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad-, 380054, India
| | - Mukty Sinha
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad-, 380054, India
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50
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Spiller KL, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Clinical translation of controlled protein delivery systems for tissue engineering. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 5:101-15. [PMID: 25787736 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-013-0135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Strategies that utilize controlled release of drugs and proteins for tissue engineering have enormous potential to regenerate damaged organs and tissues. The multiple advantages of controlled release strategies merit overcoming the significant challenges to translation, including high costs and long, difficult regulatory pathways. This review highlights the potential of controlled release of proteins for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. We specifically discuss treatment modalities that have reached preclinical and clinical trials, with emphasis on controlled release systems for bone tissue engineering, the most advanced application with several products already in clinic. Possible strategies to address translational and regulatory concerns are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Spiller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street Vanderbilt Clinic 12-234, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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