1
|
Krutzen CLJM, Roa LA, Bloemen M, Von den Hoff JW. Excess vitamin a might contribute to submucous clefting by inhibiting WNT-mediated bone formation. Orthod Craniofac Res 2023; 26:132-139. [PMID: 35716278 PMCID: PMC10084165 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) is a common craniofacial birth defect caused by genetic as well as environmental factors. The phenotypic spectrum of CLP also includes submucous clefts with a defect in the palatal bone. To elucidate the contribution of vitamin A, we evaluated the effects of the vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells (MEPM). SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION MEPM cells were isolated from the prefusion palates of E13 mouse embryos from three different litters. MATERIALS AND METHODS MEPM cells were cultured with and without 0.5 μM ATRA in osteogenic medium. Differentiation was analysed by the expression of osteogenic marker genes and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity after 1, 2, and 7 days. The expression of Wnt marker genes was also analysed. Mineralization was assessed by alizarin red staining after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. RESULTS The bone marker genes Sp7, Runx2, Alpl, and Col1a1 were inhibited 10% ± 2%, 59% ± 7%, 79% ± 12% and 57% ± 20% (P < .05) at day 7. ALP activity was inhibited at days 1 and 7 by 35 ± 0% (P < .05) and 23 ± 6% (P < .001). ATRA also inhibited mineralization at 3 and 4 weeks. Finally, expression of the universal Wnt marker gene Axin2 was strongly reduced, by 31 ± 18% (P < .001), at day 7. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that ATRA (vitamin A) inhibits bone formation by reducing Wnt signalling. This might contribute to the molecular aetiology of submucous clefting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lucienne Jacqueline Maria Krutzen
- Department of Dentistry - Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laury A Roa
- Department of Dentistry - Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Laury A. Roa, Department of Instructive Biomaterial Engineering (IBE), MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjon Bloemen
- Department of Dentistry - Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes W Von den Hoff
- Department of Dentistry - Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo L, Zhang Y, Liu H, Cheng Q, Yang S, Yang D. All-trans retinoic acid inhibits the osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells by promoting IL-1β production via NF-κB signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108757. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
3
|
Rogers MA, Chen J, Nallamshetty S, Pham T, Goto S, Muehlschlegel JD, Libby P, Aikawa M, Aikawa E, Plutzky J. Retinoids Repress Human Cardiovascular Cell Calcification With Evidence for Distinct Selective Retinoid Modulator Effects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:656-669. [PMID: 31852220 PMCID: PMC7047603 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Retinoic acid (RA) is a ligand for nuclear receptors that modulate gene transcription and cell differentiation. Whether RA controls ectopic calcification in humans is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that RA regulates osteogenic differentiation of human arterial smooth muscle cells and aortic valvular interstitial cells that participate in atherosclerosis and heart valve disease, respectively. Approach and Results: Human cardiovascular tissue contains immunoreactive RAR (RA receptor)-a retinoid-activated nuclear receptor directing multiple transcriptional programs. RA stimulation suppressed primary human cardiovascular cell calcification while treatment with the RAR inhibitor AGN 193109 or RARα siRNA increased calcification. RA attenuated calcification in a coordinated manner, increasing levels of the calcification inhibitor MGP (matrix Gla protein) while decreasing calcification-promoting TNAP (tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase) activity. Given that nuclear receptor action varies as a function of distinct ligand structures, we compared calcification responses to cyclic retinoids and the acyclic retinoid peretinoin. Peretinoin suppressed human cardiovascular cell calcification without inducing either secretion of APOC3 (apolipoprotein-CIII), which promotes atherogenesis, or reducing CYP7A1 (cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1) expression, which occurred with cyclic retinoids all-trans RA, 9-cis RA, and 13-cis RA. Additionally, peretinoin did not suppress human femur osteoblast mineralization, whereas all-trans RA inhibited osteoblast mineralization. CONCLUSIONS These results establish retinoid regulation of human cardiovascular calcification, provide new insight into mechanisms involved in these responses, and suggest selective retinoid modulators, like acyclic retinoids may allow for treating cardiovascular calcification without the adverse effects associated with cyclic retinoids.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Alkaline Phosphatase
- Aortic Valve/drug effects
- Aortic Valve/metabolism
- Aortic Valve/pathology
- Apolipoprotein C-III/genetics
- Apolipoprotein C-III/metabolism
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/drug effects
- Carotid Arteries/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/genetics
- Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/metabolism
- Coronary Vessels/drug effects
- Coronary Vessels/metabolism
- Coronary Vessels/pathology
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Heart Valve Diseases/genetics
- Heart Valve Diseases/metabolism
- Heart Valve Diseases/pathology
- Heart Valve Diseases/prevention & control
- Humans
- Isotretinoin/pharmacology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Osteogenesis/drug effects
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/agonists
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Retinoids/pharmacology
- Retinoids/toxicity
- Signal Transduction
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Vascular Calcification/prevention & control
- Matrix Gla Protein
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A. Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Jiaohua Chen
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Shriram Nallamshetty
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Tan Pham
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Shinji Goto
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Jochen D. Muehlschlegel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Peter Libby
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Jorge Plutzky
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang S, Bi W, Liu Y, Cheng J, Sun W, Wu G, Xu X. The Antagonist of Retinoic Acid Receptor α, ER-50891 Antagonizes the Inhibitive Effect of All-Trans Retinoic Acid and Rescues Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2-Induced Osteoblastogenic Differentiation. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:297-308. [PMID: 32158187 PMCID: PMC6985983 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s215786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypervitaminosis A, alcoholism or medical treatment for acute promyelocytic leukaemia may cause unphysiologically high accumulation of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), which could inhibit osteoblastogenesis, thereby triggering osteoporosis. We have shown that bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) can only partially antagonize the inhibitive effects of ATRA. In this study, we hypothesized that antagonists of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) could further antagonize the inhibitive effect of ATRA and rescue BMP2-induced osteoblastogenesis. Materials and Methods We first screened the dose-dependent effects of the specific antagonists of RAR α, β and γ and transforming growth factor-beta receptor (ER-50891, LE-135, MM11253, and SB-43142, respectively) on ATRA-induced inhibition of the total cell metabolic activity and proliferation of preosteoblasts. We selected ER-50891 and tested its effects on osteoblastogenesis with the presence or absence of 1 μM ATRA and/or 200 ng/mL BMP-2. We measured the following parameters: Alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN) expression and extracellular matrix mineralization as well as the level of phosphorylated Smad1/5. Results ER-50891 but not LE-135, MM11253, or SB-431542 significantly antagonized the inhibition of ATRA and enhanced the total cell metabolic activity and proliferation of preosteoblasts. Dose-dependent assays show ER-50891 could also rescue ATRA inhibited OCN expression and mineralization with or without the induction of BMP. ER-50891 also suppressed the ALP activity that was synergistically enhanced by BMP and ATRA. Neither ATRA, nor ER-50891 or their combination significantly affected the level of BMP-induced phosphorylated Smad1/5. Conclusion The antagonist of RARα, ER-50891 could significantly attenuate ATRA’s inhibitive effects on BMP 2-induced osteoblastogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqian Wang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Bi
- College of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Cheng
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Sun
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The wonders of BMP9: From mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metabolism to regenerative medicine. Genes Dis 2019; 6:201-223. [PMID: 32042861 PMCID: PMC6997590 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) initially showed effective induction of ectopic bone growth in muscle, it has since been determined that these proteins, as members of the TGF-β superfamily, play a diverse and critical array of biological roles. These roles include regulating skeletal and bone formation, angiogenesis, and development and homeostasis of multiple organ systems. Disruptions of the members of the TGF-β/BMP superfamily result in severe skeletal and extra-skeletal irregularities, suggesting high therapeutic potential from understanding this family of BMP proteins. Although it was once one of the least characterized BMPs, BMP9 has revealed itself to have the highest osteogenic potential across numerous experiments both in vitro and in vivo, with recent studies suggesting that the exceptional potency of BMP9 may result from unique signaling pathways that differentiate it from other BMPs. The effectiveness of BMP9 in inducing bone formation was recently revealed in promising experiments that demonstrated efficacy in the repair of critical sized cranial defects as well as compatibility with bone-inducing bio-implants, revealing the great translational promise of BMP9. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that, besides its osteogenic activity, BMP9 exerts a broad range of biological functions, including stem cell differentiation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metabolism. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of BMP9 across biology and the body.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahmed MF, El-Sayed AK, Chen H, Zhao R, Yusuf MS, Zuo Q, Zhang Y, Li B. Comparison between curcumin and all-trans retinoic acid in the osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:4154-4166. [PMID: 30988793 PMCID: PMC6447915 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) has great potential in cell therapy, particularly in the orthopedic field. BMSCs represent a valuable renewable cell source that have been successfully utilized to treat damaged skeletal tissue and bone defects. BMSCs can be induced to differentiate into osteogenic lineages via the addition of inducers to the growth medium. The present study examined the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and curcumin on the osteogenic differentiation of mouse BMSCs. Morphological changes, the expression levels of the bone-associated gene markers bone morphogenetic protein 2, runt-related transcription factor and osterix during differentiation, an in vitro mineralization assay, and changes in osteocalcin expression revealed that curcumin supplementation promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. By contrast, the application of ATRA increased osteogenic differentiation during the early stages, but during the later stages, it decreased the mineralization of differentiated cells. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to examine the effect of curcumin on the osteogenic potency of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) after reprogramming with human lim mineralization protein (hLMP-3), which is a positive osteogenic regulator. The results revealed that curcumin-supplemented culture medium increased hLMP-3 osteogenic potency compared with that of MEFs cultured in the non-supplemented medium. The present results demonstrate that enrichment of the osteogenic culture medium with curcumin, a natural osteogenic inducer, increased the osteogenic differentiation capacity of BMSCs as well as that of MEFs reprogrammed with hLMP-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud F Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | | | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Ruifeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Mohamed S Yusuf
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Qisheng Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Bichun Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Weng Z, Wang C, Zhang C, Xu J, Chai Y, Jia Y, Han P, Wen G. All-Trans Retinoic Acid Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Consolidation in a Rat Distraction Osteogenesis Model. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:320-330. [PMID: 30635673 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is used to treat specific disorders associated with growth abnormalities and/or loss of bone stock secondary to trauma or disease. However, a high rate of complications and discomfort hamper its further application in clinical practice. Here, we investigated the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and bone consolidation in a rat DO model. Different doses of ATRA were used to treat rBMSCs. Cell viability and osteogenic differentiation were assessed using CCK-8 and alkaline phosphatase staining, respectively. The mRNA expression of osteogenic differentiation-genes (including ALP, Runx2, OCN, OPN, OSX, and BMP2) and angiogenic genes (including VEGF, HIF-1, FLK-2, ANG-2, and ANG-4) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Further, we locally injected ATRA or PBS into the gap in the rat DO model every 3 days until termination. X-rays, micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), mechanical testing, and immunohistochemistry stains were used to evaluate the quality of the regenerates. ATRA promoted osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. Moreover, ATRA elevated the mRNA expression levels of osteogenic differentiation-genes and angiogenic genes. In the rat model, new bone properties of bone volume/total tissue volume and mechanical strength were significantly higher in the ATRA-treatment group. Micro-CT examination showed more mineralized bone after the ATRA-treatment, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated more new bone formation after ATRA-treatment than that in the PBS group. In conclusion, as a readily available and very cost effective bio-source, ATRA may be a novel therapeutic method to enhance bone consolidation in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Weng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Yimin Chai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Yachao Jia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Pei Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Gen Wen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cruz ACC, Cardozo FTGDS, Magini RDS, Simões CMO. Retinoic acid increases the effect of bone morphogenetic protein type 2 on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180317. [PMID: 30810639 PMCID: PMC6382324 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic protein type 2 (BMP-2) and retinoic acid (RA) are osteoinductive factors that stimulate endogenous mechanisms of bone repair which can be applied on management of osseous defects in oral and maxillofacial fields. OBJECTIVE Considering the different results of RA on osteogenesis and its possible use to substitute/potency BMP-2 effects, this study evaluated the outcomes of BMP-2, RA, and BMP-2+RA treatments on in vitro osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and the signaling pathway(s) involved. MATERIAL AND METHODS ASCs were treated every other day with basic osteogenic medium (OM) alone or supplemented with BMP-2, RA, or BMP-2+RA. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was determined using the r-nitrophenol method. Extracellular matrix mineralization was evaluated using von Kossa staining and calcium quantification. Expression of osteonectin and osteocalcin mRNA were determined using qPCR. Smad1, Smad4, phosphorylated Smad1/5/8, BMP-4, and BMP-7 proteins expressions were analyzed using western blotting. Signaling pathway was evaluated using the IPA® software. RESULTS RA promoted the highest ALP activity at days 7, 14, 21, and 28, in comparison to BMP-2 and BMP-2+RA. BMP-2+RA best stimulated phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 protein expression at day 7 and Smad4 expression at days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Osteocalcin and osteonectin mRNA expressions were best stimulated by BMP-2+RA at day 7. Matrix mineralization was most improved by BMP-2+RA at days 12 and 32. Additionally, BMP-2+RA promoted the highest BMP signaling pathway activation at days 7 and 14, and demonstrated more activation of differentiation of bone-forming cells than OM alone. CONCLUSIONS In summary, RA increased the effect of BMP-2 on osteogenic differentiation of human ASCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Cristiane Cabral Cruz
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina,Brasil
| | | | - Ricardo de Souza Magini
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina,Brasil
| | - Cláudia Maria Oliveira Simões
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina,Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu C, Lei H, Wang S, Duan Z, Fu R, Deng J, Fan D, Lv X. The effect of human-like collagen calcium complex on osteoporosis mice. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 93:630-639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
10
|
Liu Y, Ma X, Guo J, Lin Z, Zhou M, Bi W, Liu J, Wang J, Lu H, Wu G. All-trans retinoic acid can antagonize osteoblastogenesis induced by different BMPs irrespective of their dimerization types and dose-efficiencies. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:3419-3430. [PMID: 30349195 PMCID: PMC6186890 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s178190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alcoholism can lead to low mineral density, compromised regenerative bone capacity and delayed osteointegration of dental implants. This may be partially attributed to the inhibitive effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a metabolite of alcohol, on osteoblastogenesis. Our previous studies demonstrated that heterodimeric bone morphogenetic protein 2/7 (BMP2/7) was a more potent BMP than homodimeric BMP2 or BMP7, and could antagonize the inhibitive effect of ATRA to rescue osteoblastogenesis. Materials and methods In this study, we compared the effectiveness of BMP2/7, BMP2 and BMP7 in restoring osteoblastogenesis of murine preosteoblasts upon inhibition with 1 µM ATRA, and we further analyzed the potential mechanisms. We measured the following parameters: cell viability, ALP, OCN, mineralization, the expression of osteogenic differentiation marker genes (Collagen I, ALP and OCN) and the expression of BMP signaling key genes (Dlx5, Runx2, Osterix and Smad1). Results BMP2/7 treatment alone induced significantly higher osteoblastogenesis compared to BMP2 and BMP7. When cells were treated by ATRA, BMP2/7 was superior only in rescuing cell viability and ALP activity, compared to BMP2 or BMP7. However, BMP2/7 was not superior to BMP2 or BMP7 in restoring OCN expression and extracellular mineralized nodules, or in rescuing expression of two key osteogenic genes, Dlx5 and Runx2. Irrespective of their dimeric types or potency, the selected BMPs could antagonize the inhibitory effect of ATRA on osteoblastogenesis. Conclusion The presence of ATRA, BMP2/7 still induced significantly higher cell viability and early differentiation than the homodimers. However, ATRA significantly attenuated the advantages of BMP2/7 in inducing late and final osteoblastogenic differentiation over the homodimers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510140, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ma
- Shanghai Xuhui District Dental Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510140, China
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510140, China
| | - Wenjuan Bi
- College of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jingxiao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Haiping Lu
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China,
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081LA Amsterdam, the Netherlands,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Microencapsulation of Phosphorylated Human-Like Collagen-Calcium Chelates for Controlled Delivery and Improved Bioavailability. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10020185. [PMID: 30966221 PMCID: PMC6414964 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioavailability of Phosphorylated Human-like Collagen-calcium chelates (PHLC-Ca) as calcium supplement is influenced by the extremely low pH and proteolytic enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract. This study addresses these issues by microencapsulation technology using alginate (ALG) and chitosan (CS) as wall materials. The different ratio of ALG to PHLC-Ca on microcapsules encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) was evaluated and 1:1/2 was selected as the optimal proportion. The microcapsules were micron-sized and spherical in shape. PHLC-Ca was successfully entrapped into the matrix of ALG through forming intermolecular hydrogen bonding or other interactions. The confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) indicated that CS was coated on ALG microspheres. The MTT assay exhibited that CS/ALG-(PHLC-Ca) microcapsules extracts were safe to L929. The animal experiment showed that CS/ALG-(PHLC-Ca) microcapsules was superior to treating osteoporosis than PHLC-Ca. These results illustrated that the bioavailability of PHLC-Ca was improved by microencapsulated.
Collapse
|
12
|
Adachi H, Nakae K, Sakamoto S, Nosaka C, Atsumi S, Shibuya M, Higashi N, Nakajima M, Irimura T, Nishimura Y. Microbial metabolites and derivatives targeted at inflammation and bone diseases therapy: chemistry, biological activity and pharmacology. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 71:ja2017138. [PMID: 29089599 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microbial metabolites have attracted increasing interest as a source of therapeutics and as probes for biological mechanisms. New microbial metabolites and derivatives targeted at inflammation and bone disease therapy have been identified by focusing on prostaglandin release, osteoblast differentiation and immune cell functions. These modulators of inflammatory processes and bone disease contribute to our understanding of biological mechanisms and support identification of the therapeutic potential of drug lead candidates. The present review describes recent advances in the chemistry and analysis of inhibitors of prostaglandin release or other functional molecules of immune cells, as well as inducers of osteoblast differentiation, including biological and pharmacological activities.The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, 1 November 2017; doi:10.1038/ja.2017.138.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayamitsu Adachi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu Branch, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakae
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Sakamoto
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu Branch, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Chisato Nosaka
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Atsumi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Retinoic acid exacerbates chlorpyrifos action in ensuing adipogenic differentiation of C3H10T½ cells in a GSK3β dependent pathway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173031. [PMID: 28291828 PMCID: PMC5349446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell differentiation can be exploited as a paradigm to evaluate the effects of noxious chemicals, on human health, either alone or in combinations. In this regard, the effect of a known cell differentiation agent, retinoic acid (RA) was analyzed in the presence of a noxious chemical chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphate (OP), the receptors of which have recently been localized to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The observed imbalance of adipogenic to skeletal differentiation by CPF together with conundrum about adipogenic potential of RA prompted us to delineate their combinatorial effects on C3H10T½MSC-like undifferentiated cells. Based on MTT assay, the cellular viability was retained by CPF at concentrations ranging from 0.01–50μM, beyond which it caused cytotoxicity. These non-toxic concentrations also mildly interfered with adipogenesis of C3H10T½ cells following exposure to adipogenic cocktail. However, upon exposure to RA alone, these MSCs adopted elongated morphology and accumulated lipid vesicles, by day 20, as discerned by phase-contrast and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in concert with enhanced Oil Red O stained cells. This effect got strongly augmented upon exposure to combination of CPF and RA in a dose-dependent manner. Simultaneous up-regulation in perilipin-1 (PLIN1) and adipsin (ADN) genes, additionally reiterated the adipogenic differentiation. Mechanistically, GSK3β pathway was found to be a major player, whereby inhibiting it with lithium chloride (LiCl) resulted in complete blockage of lipid accumulation, accompanied by complete down regulation of PLIN1 and ADN gene expression. In conclusion, these observations for the first time, lend evidence that exposure of CPF accompanied by RA directs commitment of C3H10T½ cells to adipogenic differentiation through a process involving a crosstalk at GSK3β signaling.
Collapse
|
14
|
Shao Y, Chen QZ, Zeng YH, Li Y, Ren WY, Zhou LY, Liu RX, Wu K, Yang JQ, Deng ZL, Yu Y, Sun WJ, He BC. All-trans retinoic acid shifts rosiglitazone-induced adipogenic differentiation to osteogenic differentiation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1693-1702. [PMID: 27779644 PMCID: PMC5117762 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosiglitazone (RSG) is a potent drug used in the treatment of insulin resistance; however, it is associated with marked skeletal toxicity. RSG-induced osteoporosis may contribute to the promotion of adipogenic differentiation at the expense of osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow stromal cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether RSG-induced bone toxicity can be reversed by combined treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). We examined different osteogenic markers in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) following treatment with RSG, ATRA, or RSG and ATRA in combination. We examined the effects of RSG and/or ATRA on ectopic bone formation, and dissected the possible molecular mechanisms underlying this process. We found that ATRA or RSG both induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the MEFs, and that the ATRA-induced ALP activity was enhanced by RSG and vice versa. However, only the combination of RSG and ATRA increased the expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin, promoted matrix mineralization, and induced ectopic ossification in MEFs. Mechanistically, we found that the osteogenic differentiation induced by the combination of RSG and ATRA may be mediated partly by suppressing RSG-induced adipogenic differentiation and activating bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/Smad signaling. On the whole, our findings demonstrate that RSG in combination with ATRA promotes the commitment of MEFs to the osteoblast lineage. Thus, the combination of these two agents may prove to be a promising and novel therapeutic regimen for insulin resistance without skeletal toxicity. It may also be a better strategy with which to prevent RSG-induced osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Zhao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Hua Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yan Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400016, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Yun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400016, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Qing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Liang Deng
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400016, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400016, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nowak B, Matuszewska A, Filipiak J, Nikodem A, Merwid-Ląd A, Pieśniewska M, Fereniec-Gołębiewska L, Kwiatkowska J, Szeląg A. The influence of bexarotene, a selective agonist of the retinoid receptor X (RXR), and tazarotene, a selective agonist of the retinoid acid receptor (RAR), on bone metabolism in rats. Adv Med Sci 2016; 61:85-9. [PMID: 26569440 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of selective agonists of the retinoid receptor X (RXR) and the retinoid acid receptor (RAR) on bone metabolism in rats. METHODS Thirty six male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: receiving bexarotene, or tazarotene, or to control group. Serum biochemical markers of bone turnover (osteocalcin - OC, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5 - TRACP5b and osteoprotegerin - OPG) and mechanical properties of bones were analyzed. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in the femur index value in groups receiving tazarotene and bexarotene on Day 14 (8% and 20% respectively, p=0.0039). On Day 28, 14 days after discontinuation of tazarotene and bexarotene, the difference in femur indexes was still significant (4% for T1-6 and B1-6, p=0.0270). In the bexarotene group an increase in mean plasma osteocalcin level and mean plasma TRACP5b level was detected. In the tazarotene group the mean osteocalcin level remained unchanged and the mean plasma TRACP5b level decreased. An increased yield stress was detected in groups receiving retinoids comparing to controls after 14 days of tazarotene and bexarotene administration. CONCLUSION Although bexarotene and tazarotene administration caused decrease in the femur index, mechanisms responsible for that effect seem to be different. Our results suggest that bexaroten increases bone turnover. On the contrary, tazaroten seems to have inhibitory effect on bone turnover. A counter influence of selective RAR and RXR agonists on the bone turnover might be the reason for inconsistency in results from published research concerning the influence of retinoids on bone metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Nowak
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
| | | | - Jarosław Filipiak
- Division of Biomedical Engineering and Experimental Mechanics, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Nikodem
- Division of Biomedical Engineering and Experimental Mechanics, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Merwid-Ląd
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Adam Szeląg
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Green AC, Martin TJ, Purton LE. The role of vitamin A and retinoic acid receptor signaling in post-natal maintenance of bone. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 155:135-46. [PMID: 26435449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A and retinoid derivatives are recognized as morphogens that govern body patterning and skeletogenesis, producing profound defects when in excess. In post-natal bone, both high and low levels of vitamin A are associated with poor bone heath and elevated risk of fractures. Despite this, the precise mechanism of how retinoids induce post-natal bone changes remains elusive. Numerous studies have been performed to discover how retinoids induce these changes, revealing a complex morphogenic regulation of bone through interplay of different cell types. This review will discuss the direct and indirect effects of retinoids on mediators of bone turnover focusing on differentiation and activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts and explains why some discrepancies in this field have arisen. Importantly, the overall effect of retinoids on the skeleton is highly site-specific, likely due to differential regulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts at trabecular vs. cortical periosteal and endosteal bone surfaces. Further investigation is required to discover the direct gene targets of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and molecular mechanisms through which these changes occur. A clear role for RARs in regulating bone is now accepted and the therapeutic potential of retinoids in treating bone diseases has been established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alanna C Green
- St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia.
| | - T John Martin
- St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Louise E Purton
- St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yu Y, Al-Mansoori L, Opas M. Optimized osteogenic differentiation protocol from R1 mouse embryonic stem cells in vitro. Differentiation 2015; 89:1-10. [PMID: 25613029 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a unique model that allows the study of molecular pathways underlying commitment and differentiation. One such lineage is osteoblasts, which are responsible for forming bone tissue in the body. There are many osteogenic differentiation protocols in the literature utilizing different soluble factors. The goal of the present study was to increase the efficacy of our osteogenic differentiation protocol from R1 cells. We have studied the effects of the addition of the following factors: dexamethasone, retinoic acid, and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma inhibitor, which have been reported to enhance osteogenesis. We found that among the 6 different protocols that were tested, the addition of retinoic acid with later addition of dexamethasone gives the most enrichment of osteogenic lineage cells. Thus, our findings provide valuable guidelines for culture condition to differentiate mouse R1 ESCs to osteoblastic cells in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Layla Al-Mansoori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8 Canada; Department of Chemistry & Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Qatar, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Michal Opas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8 Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Optimizing the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells by the synergistic action of growth factors. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2014; 42:2002-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
|
19
|
All-trans retinoic acid modulates bone morphogenic protein 9-induced osteogenesis and adipogenesis of preadipocytes through BMP/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 47:47-56. [PMID: 24300824 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It is known that excessive adipogenesis contributes to osteoporosis, suggesting that trans-differentiation of adipogenic committed preadipocytes into osteoblasts may be a potential therapeutical approach for osteoporosis. We explored whether bone morphogenic protein 9 (BMP9) could induce 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to trans-differentiate into osteoblasts. BMP9 effectively increased expression of osteogenic markers and promoted mineralization in preadipocytes. However, BMP9 also led to adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes, as evidenced by increased lipid accumulation and up-regulation of adipogenic transcription factors. In order to regulate the switch between osetogenesis and adipogenesis, we evaluated the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on BMP9-induced differentiation of preadipocytes. We found that ATRA enhanced BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation and blocked BMP9-induced adipogenic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ATRA was shown to elevate BMP9 expression and activate BMP/Smad signaling. Additionally, BMP9 and ATRA exerted a synergistic effect on activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Knockdown of β-catenin abolished the stimulatory effect of ATRA on BMP9-induced alkaline phosphatase activity and reversed the inhibitory effect of ATRA on BMP9-induced adipogenesis in preadipocytes. Furthermore, ATRA and BMP9 synergistically repressed glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activity and promoted Akt phosphorylation, and inhibited expression of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) that antagonizes phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) function, suggesting that Wnt/β-catenin signaling was activated at least partly through PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway. Collectively, ATRA mediated BMP9-induced osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by BMP/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The combination of BMP9 and ATRA may be explored as an effective therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Vitamin A (retinol) is ingested as either retinyl esters or carotenoids and metabolized to active compounds such as 11-cis-retinal, which is important for vision, and all-trans-retinoic acid, which is the primary mediator of biological actions of vitamin A. All-trans-retinoic acid binds to retinoic acid receptors (RARs), which heterodimerize with retinoid X receptors. RAR-retinoid X receptor heterodimers function as transcription factors, binding RAR-responsive elements in promoters of different genes. Numerous cellular functions, including bone cell functions, are mediated by vitamin A; however, it has long been recognized that increased levels of vitamin A can have deleterious effects on bone, resulting in increased skeletal fragility. Bone mass is dependent on the balance between bone resorption and bone formation. A decrease in bone mass may be caused by either an excess of resorption or decreased bone formation. Early studies indicated that the primary skeletal effect of vitamin A was to increase bone resorption, but later studies have shown that vitamin A can not only stimulate the formation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts but also inhibit their formation. Effects of vitamin A on bone formation have not been studied in as great a detail and are not as well characterized as effects on bone resorption. Several epidemiological studies have shown an association between vitamin A, decreased bone mass, and osteoporotic fractures, but the data are not conclusive because other studies have found no associations, and some studies have suggested that vitamin A primarily promotes skeletal health. In this presentation, we have summarized how vitamin A is absorbed and metabolized and how it functions intracellularly. Vitamin A deficiency and excess are introduced, and detailed descriptions of clinical and preclinical studies of the effects of vitamin A on the skeleton are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Herschel Conaway
- Department of Molecular Periodontology, University of Umeå, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Heterodimeric BMP-2/7 antagonizes the inhibition of all-trans retinoic acid and promotes the osteoblastogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78198. [PMID: 24205156 PMCID: PMC3813516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Hypervitaminosis A and alcoholism can result in a low mineral density and compromised regenerative capacity of bone, thus delaying implant osteointegration. The inhibitory effect of all-trans retinoic acid on osteoblastogenesis is considered to be one of the mechanisms. We hypothesized that heterodimeric bone morphogenetic protein-2/7 could antagonize all-trans retinoic acid and enhance osteoblastogenesis, with an aim to accelerate and enhance bone regeneration and implant osteointegration. Materials and Methods We applied 5 ng/ml or 50 ng/ml bone morphogenetic protein-2/7 to restore the osteoblastogenesis of pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cell line) that was inhibited by 1 µM all-trans retinoic acid. We evaluated the efficacy by assessing cell numbers (proliferation), alkaline phosphatase activity (a marker for early differentiation), osteocalcin (a marker for late differentiation), calcium deposition (a marker for final mineralization) and the expression of osteoblastogenic genes (such as Runx2, Collagen Ia, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) at different time points. Results All-trans retinoic acid significantly inhibited the expression of all the tested osteoblastogenic genes and proteins except alkaline phosphatase activity. In the presence of ATRA, 50 ng/ml bone morphogenetic protein-2/7 not only completely restored but also significantly enhanced all the osteoblastogenic genes and proteins. On the 28th day, mineralization was completely inhibited by all-trans retinoic acid. In contrast, 50 ng/ml BMP-2/7 could antagonize ATRA and significantly enhance the mineralization about 2.5 folds in comparison with the control treatment (no ATRA, no BMP2/7). Conclusions Heterodimeric bone morphogenetic protein-2/7 bears a promising application potential to significantly promote bone regeneration and implant osteointegration for the patients with hypervitaminosis A and alcoholism.
Collapse
|
22
|
Bi W, Gu Z, Zheng Y, Wang L, Guo J, Wu G. Antagonistic and synergistic effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2/7 and all-trans retinoic acid on the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells. Dev Growth Differ 2013; 55:744-54. [PMID: 24111806 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The osteogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) is of paramount importance for the repair of large-size bone defects, which may be compromised by the dietary-accumulated all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). We have shown that heterodimeric bone morphogenetic protein 2/7 (BMP2/7) could induce bone regeneration in a significantly higher dose-efficiency in comparison with homodimeric BMPs. In this study, we evaluated the effects of ATRA and BMP2/7 on the proliferation, differentiation, mineralization and osteogenic genes. ATRA and BMP2/7 exhibited both antagonistic and synergistic effects on the osteogenesis of BMSCs. ATRA significantly inhibited proliferation and expression of osteocalcin but enhanced the activity of alkaline phosphatase of BMSCs. On day 21, 50 ng/mL BMP2/7 could antagonize the inhibitive effects of ATRA and significantly enhance osteogenesis of BMSCs. These findings suggested a promising application potential of heterodimeric BMP2/7 in clinic to promote bone regeneration for the cases with dietary accumulated ATRA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Bi
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang University, Yan'an St. 395, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Zhiyuan Gu
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang University, Yan'an St. 395, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.,School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Dental Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 97 Mailbox, Binwen Road 548, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yuanna Zheng
- School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Dental Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 97 Mailbox, Binwen Road 548, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, No. 117th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Airport Road 40, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310004, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU-University of Amsterdam, Research Institute MOVE, VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, Amsterdam, 1018LA, the Netherlands
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU-University of Amsterdam, Research Institute MOVE, VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, Amsterdam, 1018LA, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cruz ACC, Silva ML, Caon T, Simões CMO. Addition of bone morphogenetic protein type 2 to ascorbate and β-glycerophosphate supplementation did not enhance osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 20:628-35. [PMID: 23329244 PMCID: PMC3881851 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572012000600007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein type 2 (BMP-2) is a potent local factor, which promotes
bone formation and has been used as an osteogenic supplement for mesenchymal stem
cells.
Collapse
|
24
|
Sakamoto S, Kojima F, Momose I, Kawada M, Adachi H, Nishimura Y. Decalpenic acid induces early osteoblastic markers in pluripotent mesenchymal cells via activation of retinoic acid receptor γ. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 422:751-7. [PMID: 22618236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Decalpenic acid is a natural small molecule previously isolated from the fermentation broth of fungi that induces early osteoblastic markers in pluripotent mesenchymal cells. Treatment of mouse pluripotent mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 cells with decalpenic acid gave rise to a morphological change similar to that induced by the treatment with retinoic acid, i.e. the cells adopted a more elongated spindle shape. Using a retinoic acid response element reporter and receptor activity assays, we show that decalpenic acid is a new retinoid with selectivity towards retinoic acid receptors γ and α. The induction of early osteoblastic markers by decalpenic acid was significantly inhibited by treatment with the retinoid antagonist, LE540, or with small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of retinoic acid receptor γ. These results demonstrated that decalpenic acid induces early osteoblastic markers in pluripotent mesenchymal cells through activation of retinoic acid receptor γ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Sakamoto
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Balkan W, Rodríguez-Gonzalez M, Pang M, Fernandez I, Troen BR. Retinoic acid inhibits NFATc1 expression and osteoclast differentiation. J Bone Miner Metab 2011; 29:652-61. [PMID: 21384111 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-011-0261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ingestion of excess vitamin A appears to correlate with an increased fracture risk, an outcome that is likely mediated by retinoic acids (RAs); these are vitamin A metabolites that have dramatic effects on skeletal development. We studied the impacts of RA and isoform-specific RA receptor (RAR) agonists (α, β, and γ) on osteoclast formation (osteoclastogenesis) in two model systems: RAW264.7 cells and murine bone marrow-derived monocytes. The pan-RAR agonists, all-trans and 9-cis RA, inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclast differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. Isoform-specific RAR agonists (α, β, and γ) also inhibited osteoclastogenesis, with the RARα agonist producing the most consistent reductions in both osteoclast number and size and total area covered. Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis correlated with reductions in expression, DNA binding, and nuclear abundance of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), a transcription factor critical for osteoclastogenesis. The upregulation of three NFATc1-responsive genes, cathepsin K, dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein and osteoclast-associated receptor were similarly reduced following RA or RAR agonist exposure. These results suggest that RA blocks in vitro RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis by decreasing NFATc1 function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Balkan
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center and Research Service, Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yao Z, Chen D, Wang A, Ding X, Liu Z, Ling L, He Q, Zhao T. Folic acid rescue of ATRA-induced cleft palate by restoring the TGF-β signal and inhibiting apoptosis. J Oral Pathol Med 2011; 40:433-9. [PMID: 21481001 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleft palate is a frequent congenital malformation with a heterogeneous etiology, for which folic acid (FA) supplementation has a protective effect. To gain more insight into the molecular pathways affected by FA, TGF-β signaling and apoptosis in mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal (MEPM) cells of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced cleft palate in organ culture were tested. METHODS C57BL/6J mice embryonic palates were explanted on embryonic day 14 and cultured in DMEM/F12 medium with or without ATRA or FA for 72 h. The palatal fusion was examined by light microscopy. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect TGFβ3/TGF receptor II and caspase 9 in MEPM cells. TUNEL was used to detect apoptosis. RESULTS Similar to development in vivo, palatal development and fusion were normal in control medium. ATRA inhibited palatal development and induced cleft palate, which can be rescued by FA. A higher apoptosis rate and caspase-9 in MEPM cells were detected in the ATRA group than in the control or the ATRA+FA group. Compared with the control or the ATRA+FA group, ATRA had little effect on TGF-β3 in MEPM cells but significantly inhibited TGF-β receptor II. CONCLUSIONS Folic acid can rescue the cultured palates to continue developing and fusing that were inhibited and resulted in cleft palate by ATRA. Apoptosis and TGFβ signaling in MEPM cells were involved in folic acid rescued ATRA-induced cleft palate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyou Yao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen M, Huang HZ, Wang M, Wang AX. Retinoic acid inhibits osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic palate mesenchymal cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 88:965-70. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
28
|
Zhang W, Deng ZL, Chen L, Zuo GW, Luo Q, Shi Q, Zhang BQ, Wagner ER, Rastegar F, Kim SH, Jiang W, Shen J, Huang E, Gao Y, Gao JL, Zhou JZ, Luo J, Huang J, Luo X, Bi Y, Su Y, Yang K, Liu H, Luu HH, Haydon RC, He TC, He BC. Retinoic acids potentiate BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11917. [PMID: 20689834 PMCID: PMC2912873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the least studied bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), BMP9 is one of the most osteogenic BMPs. Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is known to play an important role in development, differentiation and bone metabolism. In this study, we investigate the effect of RA signaling on BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs). Methodology/Principal Findings Both primary MPCs and MPC line are used for BMP9 and RA stimulation. Recombinant adenoviruses are used to deliver BMP9, RARα and RXRα into MPCs. The in vitro osteogenic differentiation is monitored by determining the early and late osteogenic markers and matrix mineralization. Mouse perinatal limb explants and in vivo MPC implantation experiments are carried out to assess bone formation. We find that both 9CRA and ATRA effectively induce early osteogenic marker, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and late osteogenic markers, such as osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OC). BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation and mineralization is synergistically enhanced by 9CRA and ATRA in vitro. 9CRA and ATRA are shown to induce BMP9 expression and activate BMPR Smad-mediated transcription activity. Using mouse perinatal limb explants, we find that BMP9 and RAs act together to promote the expansion of hypertrophic chondrocyte zone at growth plate. Progenitor cell implantation studies reveal that co-expression of BMP9 and RXRα or RARα significantly increases trabecular bone and osteoid matrix formation. Conclusion/Significance Our results strongly suggest that retinoid signaling may synergize with BMP9 activity in promoting osteogenic differentiation of MPCs. This knowledge should expand our understanding about how BMP9 cross-talks with other signaling pathways. Furthermore, a combination of BMP9 and retinoic acid (or its agonists) may be explored as effective bone regeneration therapeutics to treat large segmental bony defects, non-union fracture, and/or osteoporotic fracture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Zhong-Liang Deng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo-Wei Zuo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Pediatric Research Institute, the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Bing-Qiang Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Eric R. Wagner
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Farbod Rastegar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Stephanie H. Kim
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Wei Jiang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jikun Shen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Enyi Huang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanhong Gao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiatong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Li Gao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jian-Zhong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jinyong Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoji Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Bi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Pediatric Research Institute, the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxi Su
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Pediatric Research Institute, the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Pediatric Research Institute, the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (TCH); (BCH)
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (TCH); (BCH)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nunes AF, Liz MA, Franquinho F, Teixeira L, Sousa V, Chenu C, Lamghari M, Sousa MM. Neuropeptide Y expression and function during osteoblast differentiation--insights from transthyretin knockout mice. FEBS J 2009; 277:263-75. [PMID: 19954489 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in bone homeostasis, as its function in the regulation of bone mass is unclear, we assessed its expression in this tissue. By immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated, both at embryonic stages and in the adult, that NPY is synthesized by osteoblasts, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. Moreover, peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase, the enzyme responsible for NPY activation by amidation, was also expressed in these cell types. Using transthyretin (TTR) KO mice as a model of augmented NPY levels, we showed that this strain has increased NPY content in the bone, further validating the expression of this neuropeptide by bone cells. Moreover, the higher amidated neuropeptide levels in TTR KO mice were related to increased bone mineral density and trabecular volume. Additionally, RT-PCR analysis established that NPY is not only expressed in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), but is also detectable by RIA in BMSCs undergoing osteoblastic differentiation. In agreement with our in vivo observations, in vitro, TTR KO BMSCs differentiated in osteoblasts had increased NPY levels and exhibited enhanced competence in undergoing osteoblastic differentiation. In summary, this work contributes to a better understanding of the role of NPY in the regulation of bone formation by showing that this neuropeptide is expressed in bone cells and that increased amidated neuropeptide content is related to increased bone mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Nunes
- Nerve Regeneration, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|