1
|
Villalba A, Gitton Y, Inoue M, Aiello V, Blain R, Toupin M, Mazaud-Guittot S, Rachdi L, Semb H, Chédotal A, Scharfmann R. A 3D atlas of the human developing pancreas to explore progenitor proliferation and differentiation. Diabetologia 2024; 67:1066-1078. [PMID: 38630142 PMCID: PMC11058870 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Rodent pancreas development has been described in great detail. On the other hand, there are still gaps in our understanding of the developmental trajectories of pancreatic cells during human ontogenesis. Here, our aim was to map the spatial and chronological dynamics of human pancreatic cell differentiation and proliferation by using 3D imaging of cleared human embryonic and fetal pancreases. METHODS We combined tissue clearing with light-sheet fluorescence imaging in human embryonic and fetal pancreases during the first trimester of pregnancy. In addition, we validated an explant culture system enabling in vitro proliferation of pancreatic progenitors to determine the mitogenic effect of candidate molecules. RESULTS We detected the first insulin-positive cells as early as five post-conceptional weeks, two weeks earlier than previously observed. We observed few insulin-positive clusters at five post-conceptional weeks (mean ± SD 9.25±5.65) with a sharp increase to 11 post-conceptional weeks (4307±152.34). We identified a central niche as the location of onset of the earliest insulin cell production and detected extra-pancreatic loci within the adjacent developing gut. Conversely, proliferating pancreatic progenitors were located in the periphery of the epithelium, suggesting the existence of two separated pancreatic niches for differentiation and proliferation. Additionally, we observed that the proliferation ratio of progenitors ranged between 20% and 30%, while for insulin-positive cells it was 1%. We next unveiled a mitogenic effect of the platelet-derived growth factor AA isoform (PDGFAA) in progenitors acting through the pancreatic mesenchyme by increasing threefold the number of proliferating progenitors. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This work presents a first 3D atlas of the human developing pancreas, charting both endocrine and proliferating cells across early development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Villalba
- Institut Cochin, CNRS, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yorick Gitton
- Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Megumi Inoue
- Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Aiello
- Institut Cochin, CNRS, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Blain
- Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Maryne Toupin
- Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, Université Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Séverine Mazaud-Guittot
- Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, Université Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Latif Rachdi
- Institut Cochin, CNRS, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Henrik Semb
- Institute of Translational Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Alain Chédotal
- Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Institut de pathologie, groupe hospitalier Est, hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- MeLiS, CNRS UMR5284, Inserm U1314, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Napolitano T, Silvano S, Ayachi C, Plaisant M, Sousa-Da-Veiga A, Fofo H, Charles B, Collombat P. Wnt Pathway in Pancreatic Development and Pathophysiology. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040565. [PMID: 36831232 PMCID: PMC9954665 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The pancreas is an abdominal gland that serves 2 vital purposes: assist food processing by secreting digestive enzymes and regulate blood glucose levels by releasing endocrine hormones. During embryonic development, this gland originates from epithelial buds located on opposite sites of the foregut endoderm. Pancreatic cell specification and maturation are coordinated by a complex interplay of extrinsic and intrinsic signaling events. In the recent years, the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway has emerged as an important player of pancreas organogenesis, regulating pancreatic epithelium specification, compartmentalization and expansion. Importantly, it has been suggested to regulate proliferation, survival and function of adult pancreatic cells, including insulin-secreting β-cells. This review summarizes recent work on the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in pancreas biology from early development to adulthood, emphasizing on its relevance for the development of new therapies for pancreatic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chaïma Ayachi
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06000 Nice, France
| | | | | | - Hugo Fofo
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06000 Nice, France
| | | | - Patrick Collombat
- DiogenX, 180 Avenue du Prado, 13008 Marseille, France
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06000 Nice, France
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sharon N, Chawla R, Mueller J, Vanderhooft J, Whitehorn LJ, Rosenthal B, Gürtler M, Estanboulieh RR, Shvartsman D, Gifford DK, Trapnell C, Melton D. A Peninsular Structure Coordinates Asynchronous Differentiation with Morphogenesis to Generate Pancreatic Islets. Cell 2019; 176:790-804.e13. [PMID: 30661759 PMCID: PMC6705176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic islets of Langerhans regulate glucose homeostasis. The loss of insulin-producing β cells within islets results in diabetes, and islet transplantation from cadaveric donors can cure the disease. In vitro production of whole islets, not just β cells, will benefit from a better understanding of endocrine differentiation and islet morphogenesis. We used single-cell mRNA sequencing to obtain a detailed description of pancreatic islet development. Contrary to the prevailing dogma, we find islet morphology and endocrine differentiation to be directly related. As endocrine progenitors differentiate, they migrate in cohesion and form bud-like islet precursors, or "peninsulas" (literally "almost islands"). α cells, the first to develop, constitute the peninsular outer layer, and β cells form later, beneath them. This spatiotemporal collinearity leads to the typical core-mantle architecture of the mature, spherical islet. Finally, we induce peninsula-like structures in differentiating human embryonic stem cells, laying the ground for the generation of entire islets in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Sharon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Raghav Chawla
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jonas Mueller
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA
| | - Jordan Vanderhooft
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Rosenthal
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mads Gürtler
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Dmitry Shvartsman
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David K Gifford
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA
| | - Cole Trapnell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Molecular & Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Doug Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Over the last decade, it has been discovered that the transcription factor Sox9 plays several critical roles in governing the development of the embryonic pancreas and the homeostasis of the mature organ. While analysis of pancreata from patients affected by the Sox9 haploinsufficiency syndrome campomelic dysplasia initially alluded to a functional role of Sox9 in pancreatic morphogenesis, transgenic mouse models have been instrumental in mechanistically dissecting such roles. Although initially defined as a marker and maintenance factor for pancreatic progenitors, Sox9 is now considered to fulfill additional indispensable functions during pancreogenesis and in the postnatal organ through its interactions with other transcription factors and signaling pathways such as Fgf and Notch. In addition to maintaining both multipotent and bipotent pancreatic progenitors, Sox9 is also required for initiating endocrine differentiation and maintaining pancreatic ductal identity, and it has recently been unveiled as a key player in the initiation of pancreatic cancer. These functions of Sox9 are discussed in this article, with special emphasis on the knowledge gained from various loss-of-function and lineage tracing mouse models. Also, current controversies regarding Sox9 function in healthy and injured adult pancreas and unanswered questions and avenues of future study are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Seymour
- The Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lanzoni G, Oikawa T, Wang Y, Cui CB, Carpino G, Cardinale V, Gerber D, Gabriel M, Dominguez-Bendala J, Furth ME, Gaudio E, Alvaro D, Inverardi L, Reid LM. Concise review: clinical programs of stem cell therapies for liver and pancreas. Stem Cells 2013; 31:2047-60. [PMID: 23873634 PMCID: PMC3812254 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is transitioning into clinical programs using stem/progenitor cell therapies for repair of damaged organs. We summarize those for liver and pancreas, organs that share endodermal stem cell populations, biliary tree stem cells (hBTSCs), located in peribiliary glands. They are precursors to hepatic stem/progenitors in canals of Hering and to committed progenitors in pancreatic duct glands. They give rise to maturational lineages along a radial axis within bile duct walls and a proximal-to-distal axis starting at the duodenum and ending with mature cells in the liver or pancreas. Clinical trials have been ongoing for years assessing effects of determined stem cells (fetal-liver-derived hepatic stem/progenitors) transplanted into the hepatic artery of patients with various liver diseases. Immunosuppression was not required. Control subjects, those given standard of care for a given condition, all died within a year or deteriorated in their liver functions. Subjects transplanted with 100-150 million hepatic stem/progenitor cells had improved liver functions and survival extending for several years. Full evaluations of safety and efficacy of transplants are still in progress. Determined stem cell therapies for diabetes using hBTSCs remain to be explored but are likely to occur following ongoing preclinical studies. In addition, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are being used for patients with chronic liver conditions or with diabetes. MSCs have demonstrated significant effects through paracrine signaling of trophic and immunomodulatory factors, and there is limited evidence for inefficient lineage restriction into mature parenchymal or islet cells. HSCs' effects are primarily via modulation of immune mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Lanzoni
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL. 33136
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tsunekazu Oikawa
- Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Yunfang Wang
- The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, PR China, 100850
| | - Cai-Bin Cui
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Rome “ForoItalico”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Fondazione Eleonora Lorillard Spencer Cenci, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Scienze e Biotecnologie Medico-Chirurgiche, Fondazione Eleonora Lorillard Spencer Cenci, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - David Gerber
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Mara Gabriel
- MGabriel Consulting, 3621 Sweeten Creek Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
| | - Juan Dominguez-Bendala
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL. 33136
| | - Mark E. Furth
- Wake Forest Innovations, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Fondazione Eleonora Lorillard Spencer Cenci, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Scienze e Biotecnologie Medico-Chirurgiche, Fondazione Eleonora Lorillard Spencer Cenci, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Inverardi
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL. 33136
| | - Lola M. Reid
- Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Program in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sato M, Inada E, Saitoh I, Ohtsuka M, Nakamura S, Sakurai T, Watanabe S. Site-targeted non-viral gene delivery by direct DNA injection into the pancreatic parenchyma and subsequent in vivo electroporation in mice. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:1355-61. [PMID: 23946268 PMCID: PMC4033566 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The pancreas is considered an important gene therapy target because the organ is the site of several high burden diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cystic fibrosis, and pancreatic cancer. We aimed to develop an efficient in vivo gene delivery system using non-viral DNA. Direct intra-parenchymal injection of a solution containing circular plasmid pmaxGFP DNA was performed on adult anesthetized ICR female mice. The injection site was sandwiched with a pair of tweezer-type electrode disks, and electroporated using a square-pulse generator. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression within the injected pancreatic portion was observed one day after gene delivery. GFP expression reduced to baseline within a week of transfection. Application of voltages over 40 V resulted in tissue damage during electroporation. We demonstrate that electroporation is effective for safe and efficient transfection of pancreatic cells. This novel gene delivery method to the pancreatic parenchyma may find application in gene therapy strategies for pancreatic diseases and in investigation of specific gene function in situ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sato
- Section of Gene Expression Regulation, Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ninov N, Hesselson D, Gut P, Zhou A, Fidelin K, Stainier DYR. Metabolic regulation of cellular plasticity in the pancreas. Curr Biol 2013; 23:1242-50. [PMID: 23791726 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obese individuals exhibit an increase in pancreatic β cell mass; conversely, scarce nutrition during pregnancy has been linked to β cell insufficiency in the offspring [reviewed in 1, 2]. These phenomena are thought to be mediated mainly through effects on β cell proliferation, given that a nutrient-sensitive β cell progenitor population in the pancreas has not been identified. Here, we employed the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell-cycle indicator system to investigate β cell replication in real time and found that high nutrient concentrations induce rapid β cell proliferation. Importantly, we found that high nutrient concentrations also stimulate β cell differentiation from progenitors in the intrapancreatic duct (IPD). Furthermore, using a new zebrafish line where β cells are constitutively ablated, we show that β cell loss and high nutrient intake synergistically activate these progenitors. At the cellular level, this activation process causes ductal cell reorganization as it stimulates their proliferation and differentiation. Notably, we link the nutrient-dependent activation of these progenitors to a downregulation of Notch signaling specifically within the IPD. Furthermore, we show that the nutrient sensor mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is required for endocrine differentiation from the IPD under physiological conditions as well as in the diabetic state. Thus, this study reveals critical insights into how cells modulate their plasticity in response to metabolic cues and identifies nutrient-sensitive progenitors in the mature pancreas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Ninov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, the Diabetes Center, Institute for Regeneration Medicine and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1550 4(th) Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ohtsuka M, Miura H, Gurumurthy CB, Kimura M, Inoko H, Yoshimura S, Sato M. Fluorescent transgenic mice suitable for multi-color aggregation chimera studies. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 350:251-60. [PMID: 22868913 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1470-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported a novel method of mouse transgenesis called Pronuclear Injection-based Targeted Transgenisis (PITT) using which a series of fluorescent transgenic (Tg) mice lines were generated. These lines, unlike those generated using conventional random integration methods, express the transgenes faithfully and reproducibly generation after generation. Because of this superior nature, these lines are ideal for the generation of multi-colored aggregation chimeras that can be used to study cell-cell interactions and lineage analyses in living embryos/organs, where the transgenes can be detected and the clonal origin of a given cell population easily traced by its distinct fluorescence. In this study, to verify if Tg fluorescent mice generated through PITT were suitable for such applications, we sought to generate chimeric blastocysts and chimeric-Tg mice by aggregating two- or three-colored 8-cell embryos. Our analyses using these models led to the following observations. First, we noticed that cell mixing was infrequent during the stages of morula to early blastocyst. Second, chimeric fetuses obtained after aggregation of the two-colored 8-cell embryos exhibited uniform cell mixing. And third, in the organs of adult chimeric mice, the mode of cell distribution could be either clonal or polyclonal, as previously pointed out by others. Implications of our novel and improved Tg-chimeric mice approach for clonal cell lineage and developmental studies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Ohtsuka
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ryu JY, Siswanto A, Harimoto K, Tagawa YI. Chimeric analysis of EGFP and DsRed2 transgenic mice demonstrates polyclonal maintenance of pancreatic acini. Transgenic Res 2012; 22:549-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
10
|
Benitez CM, Goodyer WR, Kim SK. Deconstructing pancreas developmental biology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2012; 4:cshperspect.a012401. [PMID: 22587935 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a012401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The relentless nature and increasing prevalence of human pancreatic diseases, in particular, diabetes mellitus and adenocarcinoma, has motivated further understanding of pancreas organogenesis. The pancreas is a multifunctional organ whose epithelial cells govern a diversity of physiologically vital endocrine and exocrine functions. The mechanisms governing the birth, differentiation, morphogenesis, growth, maturation, and maintenance of the endocrine and exocrine components in the pancreas have been discovered recently with increasing tempo. This includes recent studies unveiling mechanisms permitting unexpected flexibility in the developmental potential of immature and mature pancreatic cell subsets, including the ability to interconvert fates. In this article, we describe how classical cell biology, genetic analysis, lineage tracing, and embryological investigations are being complemented by powerful modern methods including epigenetic analysis, time-lapse imaging, and flow cytometry-based cell purification to dissect fundamental processes of pancreas development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecil M Benitez
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305-5329, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rosewell IR, Giangreco A. Murine aggregation chimeras and wholemount imaging in airway stem cell biology. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 916:263-74. [PMID: 22914947 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-980-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Local tissue stem cells are known to exist in mammalian lungs but their role in epithelial maintenance remains unclear. We therefore developed murine aggregation chimera and wholemount imaging techniques to assess the contribution of these cells to lung homeostasis and repair. In this chapter we provide further details regarding the generation of murine aggregation chimera mice and their subsequent use in wholemount lung imaging. We also describe methods related to the interpretation of this data that allows for quantitative assessment of airway stem cell activation versus quiescence. Using these techniques, it is possible to compare the growth and differentiation capacity of various lung epithelial cells in normal, repairing, and diseased states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Rosewell
- Centre for Respiratory Research, University College London, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Scarlett CJ, Colvin EK, Pinese M, Chang DK, Morey AL, Musgrove EA, Pajic M, Apte M, Henshall SM, Sutherland RL, Kench JG, Biankin AV. Recruitment and activation of pancreatic stellate cells from the bone marrow in pancreatic cancer: a model of tumor-host interaction. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26088. [PMID: 22022519 PMCID: PMC3193536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer are characterised by extensive stellate cell mediated fibrosis, and current therapeutic development includes targeting pancreatic cancer stroma and tumor-host interactions. Recent evidence has suggested that circulating bone marrow derived stem cells (BMDC) contribute to solid organs. We aimed to define the role of circulating haematopoietic cells in the normal and diseased pancreas. Methods Whole bone marrow was harvested from male β-actin-EGFP donor mice and transplanted into irradiated female recipient C57/BL6 mice. Chronic pancreatitis was induced with repeat injections of caerulein, while carcinogenesis was induced with an intrapancreatic injection of dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). Phenotype of engrafted donor-derived cells within the pancreas was assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and in situ hybridisation. Results GFP positive cells were visible in the exocrine pancreatic epithelia from 3 months post transplantation. These exhibited acinar morphology and were positive for amylase and peanut agglutinin. Mice administered caerulein developed chronic pancreatitis while DMBA mice exhibited precursor lesions and pancreatic cancer. No acinar cells were identified to be donor-derived upon cessation of cerulein treatment, however rare occurrences of bone marrow-derived acinar cells were observed during pancreatic regeneration. Increased recruitment of BMDC was observed within the desmoplastic stroma, contributing to the activated pancreatic stellate cell (PaSC) population in both diseases. Expression of stellate cell markers CELSR3, PBX1 and GFAP was observed in BMD cancer-associated PaSCs, however cancer-associated, but not pancreatitis-associated BMD PaSCs, expressed the cancer PaSC specific marker CELSR3. Conclusions This study demonstrates that BMDC can incorporate into the pancreas and adopt the differentiated state of the exocrine compartment. BMDC that contribute to the activated PaSC population in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer have different phenotypes, and may play important roles in these diseases. Further, bone marrow transplantation may provide a useful model for the study of tumor-host interactions in cancer and pancreatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Scarlett
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily K. Colvin
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Pinese
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
| | - David K. Chang
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
- Division of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital, Eldridge Road, Bankstown, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adrienne L. Morey
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Musgrove
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
| | - Minoti Apte
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Susan M. Henshall
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert L. Sutherland
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
| | - James G. Kench
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew V. Biankin
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
- Division of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital, Eldridge Road, Bankstown, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Eberhard D, Jockusch H. Clonal and territorial development of the pancreas as revealed by eGFP-labelled mouse chimeras. Cell Tissue Res 2010; 342:31-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-1028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
14
|
Desgraz R, Herrera PL. Pancreatic neurogenin 3-expressing cells are unipotent islet precursors. Development 2009; 136:3567-74. [PMID: 19793886 DOI: 10.1242/dev.039214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet endocrine cells arise during development from precursors expressing neurogenin 3 (Ngn3). As a population, Ngn3(+) cells produce all islet cell types, but the potential of individual Ngn3(+) cells, an issue central to organogenesis in general and to in vitro differentiation towards cell-based therapies, has not been addressed. We performed in vivo clonal analyses in mice to study the proliferation and differentiation of very large numbers of single Ngn3(+) cells using MADM, a genetic system in which a Cre-dependent chromosomal translocation labels, at extremely low mosaic efficiency, a small number of Ngn3(+) cells. We scored large numbers of progeny arising from single Ngn3(+) cells. In newborns, labeled islets frequently contained just a single tagged endocrine cell, indicating for the first time that each Ngn3(+) cell is the precursor of a single endocrine cell. In adults, small clusters of two to three Ngn3(+) progeny were detected, but all expressed the same hormone, indicating a low rate of replication from birth to adult stages. We propose a model whereby Ngn3(+) cells are monotypic (i.e. unipotent) precursors, and use this paradigm to refocus ideas on how cell number and type must be regulated in building complete islets of Langerhans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Desgraz
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|