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Arman S, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. A review of electrochemical impedance as a tool for examining cell biology and subcellular mechanisms: merits, limits, and future prospects. Analyst 2024; 149:269-289. [PMID: 38015145 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein the development of cellular impedance biosensors, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the general principles and terms associated with the cell-electrode interface is reviewed. This family of techniques provides quantitative and sensitive information into cell responses to stimuli in real-time with high temporal resolution. The applications of cell-based impedance biosensors as a readout in cell biology is illustrated with a diverse range of examples. The current state of the field, its limitations, the possible available solutions, and the potential benefits of developing biosensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedyousef Arman
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
- Australia Centre for Nanomedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
- Australia Centre for Nanomedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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2
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Sharma P, Karmakar I, Brahmachari G, Gupta VK. X-Ray Analysis of N'-Acetyl-4-formyl-N'-phenylbenzohydrazide. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774522070112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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3
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Durdagi S, Avsar T, Orhan MD, Serhatli M, Balcioglu BK, Ozturk HU, Kayabolen A, Cetin Y, Aydinlik S, Bagci-Onder T, Tekin S, Demirci H, Guzel M, Akdemir A, Calis S, Oktay L, Tolu I, Butun YE, Erdemoglu E, Olkan A, Tokay N, Işık Ş, Ozcan A, Acar E, Buyukkilic S, Yumak Y. The neutralization effect of montelukaston SARS-CoV-2 is shown by multiscale in silicosimulations and combined in vitro studies. Mol Ther 2021; 30:963-974. [PMID: 34678509 PMCID: PMC8524809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors have previously been investigated in different studies as possible therapeutics in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In the current drug repurposing study, we identified the leukotriene (D4) receptor antagonist montelukast as a novel agent that simultaneously targets two important drug targets of SARS-CoV-2. We initially demonstrated the dual inhibition profile of montelukast through multiscale molecular modeling studies. Next, we characterized its effect on both targets by different in vitro experiments including the enzyme (main protease) inhibition-based assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy, pseudovirus neutralization on HEK293T/hACE2+TMPRSS2, and virus neutralization assay using xCELLigence MP real-time cell analyzer. Our integrated in silico and in vitro results confirmed the dual potential effect of montelukast both on the main protease enzyme inhibition and virus entry into the host cell (spike/ACE2). The virus neutralization assay results showed that SARS-CoV-2 virus activity was delayed with montelukast for 20 h on the infected cells. The rapid use of new small molecules in the pandemic is very important today. Montelukast, whose pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties are very well characterized and has been widely used in the treatment of asthma since 1998, should urgently be completed in clinical phase studies and, if its effect is proved in clinical phase studies, it should be used against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Durdagi
- Department of Biophysics, Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Timucin Avsar
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muge Didem Orhan
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muge Serhatli
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) Marmara Research Center (MAM), Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli
| | - Bertan Koray Balcioglu
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) Marmara Research Center (MAM), Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli
| | - Hasan Umit Ozturk
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) Marmara Research Center (MAM), Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli
| | - Alisan Kayabolen
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yuksel Cetin
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) Marmara Research Center (MAM), Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli
| | - Seyma Aydinlik
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) Marmara Research Center (MAM), Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli
| | - Tugba Bagci-Onder
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey; Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saban Tekin
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) Marmara Research Center (MAM), Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli; Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Demirci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Guzel
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Atilla Akdemir
- Department of Pharmacology, Computer-aided Drug Discovery Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyma Calis
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Istanbul Technical University, 34485 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lalehan Oktay
- Department of Biophysics, Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilayda Tolu
- Department of Biophysics, Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasar Enes Butun
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Erdemoglu
- Department of Biophysics, Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey; Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Alpsu Olkan
- Department of Biophysics, Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurettin Tokay
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) Marmara Research Center (MAM), Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli
| | - Şeyma Işık
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) Marmara Research Center (MAM), Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli
| | - Aysenur Ozcan
- Department of Biophysics, Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey; Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Acar
- Department of Biophysics, Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey; Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sehriban Buyukkilic
- Department of Biophysics, Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey; Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yesim Yumak
- Department of Biophysics, Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey; Faculty of Science and Letters, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
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Bourquain D, Schrick L, Tischer BK, Osterrieder K, Schaade L, Nitsche A. Replication of cowpox virus in macrophages is dependent on the host range factor p28/N1R. Virol J 2021; 18:173. [PMID: 34425838 PMCID: PMC8381512 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic orthopoxvirus infections continue to represent a threat to human health. The disease caused by distinct orthopoxviruses differs in terms of symptoms and severity, which may be explained by the unique repertoire of virus factors that modulate the host’s immune response and cellular machinery. We report here on the construction of recombinant cowpox viruses (CPXV) which either lack the host range factor p28 completely or express truncated variants of p28. We show that p28 is essential for CPXV replication in macrophages of human or mouse origin and that the C-terminal RING finger domain of p28 is necessary to allow CPXV replication in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bourquain
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Livia Schrick
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Karsten Tischer
- Institute of Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Osterrieder
- Institute of Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lars Schaade
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Schultz A, Knoll T, Urban A, Schuck H, von Briesen H, Germann A, Velten T. Novel Cost-Efficient Graphene-Based Impedance Biosensor for the Analysis of Viral Cytopathogenicity and the Effect of Antiviral Drugs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:718889. [PMID: 34381768 PMCID: PMC8350578 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.718889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosensors become increasingly relevant for medical diagnostics, pharmaceutical industry, and environmental technology, for example, to test new drugs easily and reliably or to detect cell growth in changing environmental conditions. Novel materials like graphene are promising candidates to produce biosensors on an industrial scale by means of printing processes. To reach this aim, methods for the reliable and automated production of electrode structures and their coating are required. We present an impedance biosensor in the format of a microtiter plate, fabricated by highly efficient roll-to-roll printing of graphene-based microstructures on large-area polymer foils. Proof-of-principle experiments show the evidence of the suitability of the printed graphene biosensors for impedance-based monitoring of viral cytopathogenicity and its inhibition in the presence of antiviral drugs. The developed system is a promising approach toward cost-efficient impedimetric biosensors for high-throughput screening in vaccine research and antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Schultz
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Thorsten Knoll
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
| | | | - Herbert Schuck
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Hagen von Briesen
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Anja Germann
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Thomas Velten
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
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6
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Kang MA, Jeon YK, Nam MJ. Auricularia auricula increases an apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via a regulation of the peroxiredoxin1. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13373. [PMID: 32743825 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Auricularia auricula (A. auricula) has been reported to have positive health effects. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore possible mechanisms of A. auricula-induced anticancer activity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. First, using proliferative assay including MTT assay and real-time cell electronic sensing technique, we founded that A. auricula has an antiproliferative effect on various cancer cell lines. Among five cancer cell lines, we focused on huh-7 cell line, HCC cell line, due to that A. auricula has most dramatic antiproliferative effects on huh-7 cell line. Following experiments, we founded that its antiproliferative effects was related with apoptosis-inducing activities. For more investigation, a two-dimensional electrophoresis based-proteomic analysis (2DE-GE) was employed for identification of possible target-related proteins of A. auricula-induced apoptosis. Among seven identified proteins, we focused on peroxiredoxin1 (PRDX1), which has been known as an anti-oxidative enzyme. We confirmed downregulation of expression of PRDX1 following A. auricula treatment in mRNA and protein level. In order to obtain a more validation of the correlation of A. auricula-induced cell death and anti-oxidative enzyme. We investigated the level of anti-oxidative enzymes, total glutathione (GSSG/GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in treated cells and PRDX1 gene-silenced cells. GSH and SOD levels were decreased in the treated cells and PRDX1 gene-silenced cells. Our findings suggest that A. auricula is a potent inducer of apoptosis in HCC cells via PRDX1-inhibition pathways. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. The principal treatment is surgical resection or liver transplantation. However, in most patients with HCC the diagnosis is often late, thereby excluding the patients from definitive surgical resection. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are generally ineffective. Newer treatments are needed with several being in development. In this research article, we provide regulation mechanism of PRDX1 in HCC. PRDX1 has a proliferative effect and play a role in cancer development or progression. Overexpression of PRDX1 in cancer cells implies the role of PRDX1 in the cancer therapy. PRDX1 is currently being investigated as a new target for gene therapy in cancer. A. auricula is an apoptotic inducer of HCC cells through PRDX1 pathway. Regulation of PRDX1 in HCC may contribute to cancer treatment. Therefore, the potentials of targeting apoptosis would be a viable therapeutic strategy to improve the outcome of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ae Kang
- Biological Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnamsi, South Korea
| | - Young Keul Jeon
- Biological Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnamsi, South Korea
| | - Myeong Jin Nam
- Biological Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnamsi, South Korea
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7
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Li J, Chen H, Zeng L, Rees TW, Xiong K, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. Mitochondria-targeting cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes for tumor hypoxic imaging and therapy. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00081j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The organometallic anthraquinone iridium(iii) complexes display an efficient turn-on phosphorescence response to hypoxia. The complexes can induce cell apoptosis in HeLa cells via mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase-3 activation making them excellent candidates as theranostic agents for hypoxic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Hongmin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Leli Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Thomas W. Rees
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Kai Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
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Thieulent CJ, Hue ES, Fortier CI, Dallemagne P, Zientara S, Munier-Lehmann H, Hans A, Fortier GD, Pitel PH, Vidalain PO, Pronost SL. Screening and evaluation of antiviral compounds against Equid alpha-herpesviruses using an impedance-based cellular assay. Virology 2018; 526:105-116. [PMID: 30388626 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Equid alpha-herpesviruses (EHV) are responsible for different diseases in equine population. EHV-1 causes respiratory diseases, abortions and nervous disorders, EHV-4 causes respiratory diseases and sporadic abortion, while EHV-3 is responsible of equine coital exanthema. In view of the lack of efficacy of vaccines against EHV-1 and EHV-4 and in the absence of vaccines against EHV-3, the use of antiviral treatment is of great interest. In this study, we documented the interest of the Real-Time Cell Analysis (RTCA) technology to monitor the cytopathic effects induced by these viruses on equine dermal cells, and established the efficacy of this method to evaluate the antiviral effect of aciclovir (ACV) and ganciclovir (GCV). In addition, the RTCA technology has also been found appropriate for the high-throughput screening of small molecules against EHV, allowing the identification of spironolactone as a novel antiviral against EHV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Côme J Thieulent
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN EA7450, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
| | - Erika S Hue
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN EA7450, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ImpedanCELL core facility, SF 4206 ICORE, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
| | - Christine I Fortier
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN EA7450, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ImpedanCELL core facility, SF 4206 ICORE, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
| | | | - Stéphan Zientara
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRA, ENVA, UMR 1161 Virologie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Hélène Munier-Lehmann
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, CNRS UMR 3523, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Aymeric Hans
- ANSES, Laboratoire de pathologie équine de Dozulé, Unité de virologie et parasitologie équine, 14430 Dozulé, France
| | - Guillaume D Fortier
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN EA7450, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
| | | | - Pierre-Olivier Vidalain
- Equipe Chimie et Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8601, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane L Pronost
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN EA7450, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ImpedanCELL core facility, SF 4206 ICORE, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
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Lebourgeois S, Fraisse A, Hennechart-Collette C, Guillier L, Perelle S, Martin-Latil S. Development of a Real-Time Cell Analysis (RTCA) Method as a Fast and Accurate Method for Detecting Infectious Particles of the Adapted Strain of Hepatitis A Virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:335. [PMID: 30319992 PMCID: PMC6167467 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is one of the most common agents causing acute liver disease worldwide. HAV has been increasingly reported as the cause of foodborne disease outbreaks. The standard method currently available for detection of the genome of HAV in vulnerable foodstuffs is by RT-qPCR (ISO 15216). Despite its usefulness in the investigation of foodborne viruses, the use of RT-qPCR in food virology has been shown to overestimate the quantity of infectious virus or to highly underestimate the effect of the treatment on virus inactivation. The gold standard methods currently used for evaluating the efficacy of inactivation treatments on the adapted strain of HAV (HM175/18f) are either the plaque assay or the end-point dilution assay (TCID50). However, both assays are labor-intensive and time-consuming. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the xCELLigence real-time cell analysis (RTCA) system for detecting the infectivity of the adapted strain of HAV. Kinetics of cell impedance showed that HAV induced a decrease in cell index (CI) correlated with the onset of HAV-induced cell death. In addition, the time to which the HAV-induced CI drop occurred was dependent on the viral concentration. An inverse linear relation could be established over a range of 5 log10 between the concentration of HAV and the time to reach 50% of CI decrease (TCI50), showing that the RTCA assay could be used as a titration method for HAV. In addition, the RTCA-based assay could be performed in less than 6 days instead of 12 to 14 days with the gold standard methods. Therefore, the RTCA-based titration method is a powerful and suitable tool for high-throughput screening of anti-viral treatments. Its usefulness in HAV inactivation studies will improve the assessment of viral risk in food virology, as controlling transmission of viruses through their removal from foodstuffs is also an important challenge in reducing the burden of viral foodborne illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lebourgeois
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris Est, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Audrey Fraisse
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris Est, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Laurent Guillier
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris Est, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sylvie Perelle
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris Est, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sandra Martin-Latil
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris Est, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
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10
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Charretier C, Saulnier A, Benair L, Armanet C, Bassard I, Daulon S, Bernigaud B, Rodrigues de Sousa E, Gonthier C, Zorn E, Vetter E, Saintpierre C, Riou P, Gaillac D. Robust real-time cell analysis method for determining viral infectious titers during development of a viral vaccine production process. J Virol Methods 2018; 252:57-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Combined Proteomics/Genomics Approach Reveals Proteomic Changes of Mature Virions as a Novel Poxvirus Adaptation Mechanism. Viruses 2017; 9:v9110337. [PMID: 29125539 PMCID: PMC5707544 DOI: 10.3390/v9110337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA viruses, like poxviruses, possess a highly stable genome, suggesting that adaptation of virus particles to specific cell types is not restricted to genomic changes. Cowpox viruses are zoonotic poxviruses with an extraordinarily broad host range, demonstrating their adaptive potential in vivo. To elucidate adaptation mechanisms of poxviruses, we isolated cowpox virus particles from a rat and passaged them five times in a human and a rat cell line. Subsequently, we analyzed the proteome and genome of the non-passaged virions and each passage. While the overall viral genome sequence was stable during passaging, proteomics revealed multiple changes in the virion composition. Interestingly, an increased viral fitness in human cells was observed in the presence of increased immunomodulatory protein amounts. As the only minor variant with increasing frequency during passaging was located in a viral RNA polymerase subunit and, moreover, most minor variants were found in transcription-associated genes, protein amounts were presumably regulated at transcription level. This study is the first comparative proteome analysis of virus particles before and after cell culture propagation, revealing proteomic changes as a novel poxvirus adaptation mechanism.
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12
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Leendertz SAJ, Stern D, Theophil D, Anoh E, Mossoun A, Schubert G, Wiersma L, Akoua-Koffi C, Couacy-Hymann E, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Karhemere S, Pauly M, Schrick L, Leendertz FH, Nitsche A. A Cross-Sectional Serosurvey of Anti-Orthopoxvirus Antibodies in Central and Western Africa. Viruses 2017; 9:v9100278. [PMID: 28961172 PMCID: PMC5691630 DOI: 10.3390/v9100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the eradication of smallpox and the subsequent discontinuation of the worldwide smallpox vaccination program, other Orthopoxviruses beside Variola virus have been increasingly representing a risk to human health. To investigate the extent of natural contact with Orthopoxviruses and possible demographic risk factors for such an exposure, we performed a cross-sectional serosurvey of anti-Orthopoxvirus IgG antibodies in West and Central Africa. To this end, people living in forest regions in Côte d’Ivoire (CIV, n = 737) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (COD, n = 267) were assigned into groups according to their likely smallpox vaccination status. The overall prevalence of anti-Orthopoxvirus antibodies was 51% in CIV and 60% in COD. High rates of seropositivity among the vaccinated part of the population (80% in CIV; 96% COD) indicated a long-lasting post vaccination immune response. In non-vaccinated participants, seroprevalences of 19% (CIV) and 26% (COD) indicated regular contact with Orthopoxviruses. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the antibody level in the vaccinated part of the population was higher in COD than in CIV, increased with age and was slightly higher in females than males. In the unvaccinated part of the population none of these factors influenced antibody level significantly. In conclusion, our results confirm expectedly high anti-Orthopoxvirus seroprevalences in previously smallpox-vaccinated people living in CIV and the COD but more unexpectedly imply regular contact with Orthopoxviruses both in Western and Central Africa, even in the absence of recognized outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siv Aina J Leendertz
- Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Daniel Stern
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens ZBS 1, Highly Pathogenic Viruses Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dennis Theophil
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens ZBS 1, Highly Pathogenic Viruses Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Etile Anoh
- Université Felix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan BP 1174, Cote D'Ivoire.
- Centre de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké BP 1174, Cote D'Ivoire.
| | - Arsène Mossoun
- Université Felix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan BP 1174, Cote D'Ivoire.
- Laboratoire National D'appui au Développement Agricole/Laboratoire Central de Pathologie Animale, Bingerville BP 206, Cote D'Ivoire.
| | - Grit Schubert
- Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lidewij Wiersma
- Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Chantal Akoua-Koffi
- Centre de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké BP 1174, Cote D'Ivoire.
| | - Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann
- Laboratoire National D'appui au Développement Agricole/Laboratoire Central de Pathologie Animale, Bingerville BP 206, Cote D'Ivoire.
| | | | - Stomy Karhemere
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa BP 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Maude Pauly
- Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Livia Schrick
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens ZBS 1, Highly Pathogenic Viruses Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Fabian H Leendertz
- Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens ZBS 1, Highly Pathogenic Viruses Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Liu L, Feng S. Ligand-free Cu(ii)-mediated aerobic oxidations of aldehyde hydrazones leading to N,N'-diacylhydrazines and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2585-2592. [PMID: 28266668 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A Cu(ii)-mediated synthesis of N,N'-diacylhydrazines and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles from aldehyde hydrazones has been developed. This is the first time that the synthesis of N,N'-diacylhydrazines and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles using N,N-dimethylamides as the acylation reagent and O2 in air as the oxidation reagent is reported. These reactions offered several advantages including simple workups, ligand-free inexpensive metal salts as mediators, high yields, and wide scope of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China.
| | - Suliu Feng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China.
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14
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Sun J, Ning D, Cai W, Zhou H, Zhang H, Guan D, Wu D. Evaluation of a real-time impedance analysis platform on fungal infection. J Microbiol Methods 2017; 136:88-93. [PMID: 28323067 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
End-point assays of in vitro cell proliferation and death have been employed to study the mechanisms of fungal pathogenesis and have shown the responses of host cells at individual time points. A new cell analysis technology has been developed that allows for the continuous measurement and quantification of cell activities, thus enabling the dynamic assessment of electrical impedance when various pathogens are cultured in vitro. In this study, this system was evaluated to determine the response of the cell line RAW264.7 to infection by several clinically relevant fungi in vitro, including Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, and melanized and albino mutant strains of Fonsecaea monophora. The results showed that infection resulted in rounding of the host cells with a loss of contact between individual cells and a decline in the electrical impedance of all test groups. However, changes in the electrical impedance were variable. Aspergillus fumigatus caused initial increases and later significant decreases in the electrical impedance, while for C. albicans and F. monophora, the effect was reduced. The melanized strain of F. monophora caused a faster change in the electrical impedance than the albino strain. Our data proved that this system can be used as an efficient tool for monitoring cellular responses to fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiufeng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Ning
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenying Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqiong Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Repository and Application of Pathogenic Microbiology, Research Center for Pathogens Detection Technology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Research and Training of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Repository and Application of Pathogenic Microbiology, Research Center for Pathogens Detection Technology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Research and Training of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dawei Guan
- Key Laboratory for Repository and Application of Pathogenic Microbiology, Research Center for Pathogens Detection Technology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Research and Training of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Repository and Application of Pathogenic Microbiology, Research Center for Pathogens Detection Technology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Research and Training of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
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15
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Naringenin causes ASK1-induced apoptosis via reactive oxygen species in human pancreatic cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 99:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Reuse of E-plate cell sensor arrays in the xCELLigence Real-Time Cell Analyzer. Biotechniques 2016; 61:117-22. [PMID: 27625205 DOI: 10.2144/000114450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The xCELLigence Real-Time Cell Analyzer (RTCA) is a non-invasive, impedence-based biosensor system that can measure cell viability, migration, growth, spreading, and proliferation. Changes in cell morphology and behavior are continuously monitored in real time using microelectronics located in the wells of RTCA E-plates. According to the manufacturer's recommendation, E-plates are single-use and disposable. Here, we show that E-plates can be regenerated and reused several times without significantly effecting experimental results.
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17
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Novel Method Based on Real-Time Cell Analysis for Drug Susceptibility Testing of Herpes Simplex Virus and Human Cytomegalovirus. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54:2120-7. [PMID: 27252463 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.03274-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The plaque reduction assay (PRA) is the gold standard phenotypic method to determine herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) susceptibilities to antiviral drugs. However, this assay is subjective and labor intensive. Here, we describe a novel antiviral phenotypic method based on real-time cell analysis (RTCA) that measures electronic impedance over time. The effective drug concentrations that reduced by 50% (EC50s) the cytopathic effects induced by HSV-1 and HCMV were evaluated by both methods. The EC50s of acyclovir and foscarnet against a reference wild-type (WT) HSV-1 strain in Vero cells were, respectively, 0.5 μM and 32.6 μM by PRA and 0.8 μM and 93.6 μM by RTCA. The EC50 ratios for acyclovir against several HSV-1 thymidine kinase (TK) mutants were 101.8×, 73.4×, 28.8×, and 35.4× (PRA) and 18.0×, 52.0×, 5.5×, and 87.8× (RTCA) compared to those for the WT. The EC50 ratios for acyclovir and foscarnet against the HSV-1 TK/DNA polymerase mutant were 182.8× and 9.7× (PRA) and >125.0× and 10.8× (RTCA) compared to the WT. The EC50s of ganciclovir and foscarnet against WT HCMV strain AD169 in fibroblasts were, respectively, 1.6 μM and 27.8 μM by PRA and 5.0 μM and 111.4 μM by RTCA. The EC50 ratios of ganciclovir against the HCMV UL97 mutant were 3.8× (PRA) and 8.2× (RTCA) compared to those for the WT. The EC50 ratios of ganciclovir and foscarnet against the HCMV UL97/DNA polymerase mutant were 17.1× and 12.1× (PRA) and 14.7× and 4.6× (RTCA) compared to those for the WT. RTCA allows objective drug susceptibility testing of HSV and HCMV and could permit high-throughput screening of new antivirals.
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18
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Contrasting effects of W781V and W780V mutations in helix N of herpes simplex virus 1 and human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerases on antiviral drug susceptibility. J Virol 2015; 89:4636-44. [PMID: 25673718 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03360-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED DNA polymerases of the Herpesviridae and bacteriophage RB69 belong to the α-like DNA polymerase family. In spite of similarities in structure and function, the RB69 enzyme is relatively resistant to foscarnet, requiring the mutation V478W in helix N to promote the closed conformation of the enzyme to make it susceptible to the antiviral. Here, we generated recombinant herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) mutants harboring the revertant in UL30 (W781V) and UL54 (W780V) DNA polymerases, respectively, to further investigate the impact of this tryptophan on antiviral drug susceptibility and viral replicative capacity. The mutation W781V in HSV-1 induced resistance to foscarnet, acyclovir, and ganciclovir (3-, 14-, and 3-fold increases in the 50% effective concentrations [EC50s], respectively). The recombinant HCMV mutant harboring the W780V mutation was slightly resistant to foscarnet (a 1.9-fold increase in the EC50) and susceptible to ganciclovir. Recombinant HSV-1 and HCMV mutants had altered viral replication kinetics. The apparent inhibition constant values of foscarnet against mutant UL30 and UL54 DNA polymerases were 45- and 4.9-fold higher, respectively, than those against their wild-type counterparts. Structural evaluation of the tryptophan position in the UL54 DNA polymerase suggests that the bulkier phenylalanine (fingers domain) and isoleucine (N-terminal domain) could induce a tendency toward the closed conformation greater than that for UL30 and explains the modest effect of the W780V mutation on foscarnet susceptibility. Our results further suggest a role of the tryptophan in helix N in conferring HCMV and especially HSV-1 susceptibility to foscarnet and the possible contribution of other residues localized at the interface between the fingers and N-terminal domains. IMPORTANCE DNA polymerases of the Herpesviridae and bacteriophage RB69 belong to the α-like DNA polymerase family. However, the RB69 DNA polymerase is relatively resistant to the broad-spectrum antiviral agent foscarnet. The mutation V478W in helix N of the fingers domain caused the enzyme to adopt a closed conformation and to become susceptible to the antiviral. We generated recombinant herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) mutants harboring the revertant in UL30 (W781V) and UL54 (W780V) DNA polymerases, respectively, to further investigate the impact of this tryptophan on antiviral drug susceptibility. The W781V mutation in HSV-1 induced resistance to foscarnet, whereas the W780V mutation in HCMV slightly decreased drug susceptibility. This study suggests that the different profiles of susceptibility to foscarnet of the HSV-1 and HCMV mutants could be related to subtle conformational changes resulting from the interaction between residues specific to each enzyme that are located at the interface between the fingers and the N-terminal domains.
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Real-Time Cell Analysis for Monitoring Cholera Toxin-Induced Human Intestinal Epithelial Cell Response. Curr Microbiol 2014; 70:536-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Huang B, Li H, Jin D, Stratton CW, Tang YW. Real-time cellular analysis for quantitative detection of functional Clostridium difficile toxin in stool. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 14:281-91. [PMID: 24649817 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.900442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate diagnosis and monitoring of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is critical for patient care and infection control. We will briefly review current laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of CDI and identify aspects needing improvement. We will also introduce a real-time cellular analysis (RTCA) assay developed for the diagnosis and monitoring of CDI using electronic impedance to assess the cell status. The RTCA assay uses impedance measurement to detect minute physiological changes in cells cultured on gold microelectrodes embedded in glass substrates in the bottom of microtiter wells. This assay has been adapted for quantitative detection of C. difficile functional toxin directly from stool specimens. Compared to conventional techniques and molecular assays, the RTCA assay provides a valuable tool for the diagnosis of CDI as well as for the assessment of clinical severity and for monitoring therapeutic efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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MacLean AG, Walker E, Sahu GK, Skowron G, Marx P, von Laer D, Junghans RP, Braun SE. A novel real-time CTL assay to measure designer T-cell function against HIV Env(+) cells. J Med Primatol 2014; 43:341-8. [PMID: 25138734 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To increase the immunosurveillance in HIV infection, we used retroviral vectors expressing CD4-chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to genetically modify autologous T cells and redirect CTL toward HIV. The CD4 extracellular domain targets envelope and the intracellular signaling domains activate T cells. The maC46 fusion inhibitor binds HIV and blocks viral replication. METHODS We stimulated rhesus PBMCs with antibodies to CD3/CD28 and cotransduced T cells with CD4-CAR and maC46 vectors. CD4-CAR-transduced T cells were added to Env(+) 293T cells at E:T of 1:1. Killing of target cells was measured as reduced impedance. RESULTS We observed gene expression in 60-70% of rhesus CD3(+) CD8(+) T cells with the individual vectors and in 35% of the cells with both vectors. CD4-CAR-transduced populations specifically killed Env(+) cells. CONCLUSIONS In these studies, we showed that designer T cells were redirected to kill Env(+) cells. Control of viremia without HAART would revolutionize treatment for HIV patients.
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Heo JC, Jung TH, Jung DY, Park WK, Cho H. Indatraline inhibits Rho- and calcium-mediated glioblastoma cell motility and angiogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:749-55. [PMID: 24333442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). As an attempt to identify drugs for GBM therapeutics, phenotypic assays were used to screen 1000 chemicals from a clinical compound library. GBM subtypes exhibited different capabilities to induce angiogenesis when cultured on Matrigel; proneural cells migrated and formed a tube-like structure without endothelial cells. Among the compounds screened, indatraline, a nonselective monoamine transporter inhibitor, suppressed these morphological changes; it dose dependently inhibited cell spreading, migration, and in vitro/in vivo tube formation. In addition to intracellular calcium concentration, indatraline increased the level of Rho GTPase and its activity. Moreover, indatraline downregulated angiogenesis-related genes such as IGFBP2, PTN, VEGFA, PDGFRA, and VEGFR as well as nestin, a stem cell marker. These findings collectively suggest that the activation of Rho GTPase and the suppression of angiogenesis-related factors mediate the antiangiogenic activity of indatraline in proneural GBM culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chul Heo
- Pharmacology Research Group, Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Jung
- Pharmacology Research Group, Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea; Pharmacology Research Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Young Jung
- Pharmacology Research Group, Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Kyu Park
- Pharmacology Research Group, Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyeong Cho
- Pharmacology Research Group, Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
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Park HJ, Jeon YK, You DH, Nam MJ. Daidzein causes cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis via the Bcl-2 family in human hepatic cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:542-9. [PMID: 23959101 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Daidzein, which belongs to the group of isoflavones from soybeans, has been extensively researched prostate, cervix, brain, breast, and colon cancer cell lines. However, daidzein has not been thoroughly investigated in human hepatic cancer cells; therefore, we investigated whether it inhibits hepatic cancer cell growth. Decreased cell proliferation was measured in daidzein-treated hepatic cancer cells (SK-HEP-1) upon real-time cell electronic sensing analysis however, it was not affected on normal human hepatocytes (Chang). Daidzein-induced apoptosis was demonstrated by comet and TUNEL assay. Moreover, we conducted two-dimensional electrophoresis to study the mechanism of daidzein-induced apoptosis in daidzein-treated SK-HEP-1 cells. Expression of peroxiredoxin-3 (Prdx-3), which modulates redox homeostasis of cells, was increased in protein analysis. Additionally, we measured the levels of reactive oxygen species and it was decreased in daidzein-treated SKHEP-1 cells. Daidzein-induced apoptosis in SK-HEP-1 cells was also associated with the up-regulation of Bak and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins. Moreover, daidzein treatment increased in the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and activation of APAF-1, caspase 9 and caspase 3. Overall, these result indicate that daidzein is a potent inducer of apoptosis in hepatic cancer cells via mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Park
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, 534-2 Yeonsu-dong, Yeonsu-go, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
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Bourquain D, Dabrowski PW, Nitsche A. Comparison of host cell gene expression in cowpox, monkeypox or vaccinia virus-infected cells reveals virus-specific regulation of immune response genes. Virol J 2013; 10:61. [PMID: 23425254 PMCID: PMC3599072 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Animal-borne orthopoxviruses, like monkeypox, vaccinia and the closely related cowpox virus, are all capable of causing zoonotic infections in humans, representing a potential threat to human health. The disease caused by each virus differs in terms of symptoms and severity, but little is yet know about the reasons for these varying phenotypes. They may be explained by the unique repertoire of immune and host cell modulating factors encoded by each virus. In this study, we analysed the specific modulation of the host cell’s gene expression profile by cowpox, monkeypox and vaccinia virus infection. We aimed to identify mechanisms that are either common to orthopoxvirus infection or specific to certain orthopoxvirus species, allowing a more detailed description of differences in virus-host cell interactions between individual orthopoxviruses. To this end, we analysed changes in host cell gene expression of HeLa cells in response to infection with cowpox, monkeypox and vaccinia virus, using whole-genome gene expression microarrays, and compared these to each other and to non-infected cells. Results Despite a dominating non-responsiveness of cellular transcription towards orthopoxvirus infection, we could identify several clusters of infection-modulated genes. These clusters are either commonly regulated by orthopoxvirus infection or are uniquely regulated by infection with a specific orthopoxvirus, with major differences being observed in immune response genes. Most noticeable was an induction of genes involved in leukocyte migration and activation in cowpox and monkeypox virus-infected cells, which was not observed following vaccinia virus infection. Conclusion Despite their close genetic relationship, the expression profiles induced by infection with different orthopoxviruses vary significantly. It may be speculated that these differences at the cellular level contribute to the individual characteristics of cowpox, monkeypox and vaccinia virus infections in certain host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bourquain
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, Berlin, Germany.
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Bourquain D, Nitsche A. Cowpox virus but not Vaccinia virus induces secretion of CXCL1, IL-8 and IL-6 and chemotaxis of monocytes in vitro. Virus Res 2012. [PMID: 23207068 PMCID: PMC9533815 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Orthopoxviruses are large DNA viruses which can cause disease in numerous host species. Today, after eradication of Variola virus and the end of vaccination against smallpox, zoonotic Orthopoxvirus infections are emerging as potential threat to human health. The most common causes of zoonotic Orthopoxvirus infections are Cowpox virus in Europe, Monkeypox virus in Africa and Vaccinia virus in South America. Although all three viruses are genetically and antigenically closely related, the human diseases caused by each virus differ considerably. This observation may reflect different capabilities of these viruses to modulate the hosts' immune response. Therefore, we aimed at characterizing the specific cytokine response induced by Orthopoxvirus infection in vitro. We analysed the gene expression of nine human pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in response to infection of HeLa cells and could identify an upregulation of cytokine gene expression following Cowpox virus and Monkeypox virus infection but not following Vaccinia virus infection. This was verified by a strong induction of especially IL-6, IL-8 and CXCL1 secretion into the cell culture supernatant following Cowpox virus infection. We could further show that supernatants derived from Cowpox virus-infected cells exhibit an increased chemotactic activity towards monocytic and macrophage-like cells. On the one hand, increased cytokine secretion by Cowpox virus-infected cells and subsequent monocyte/macrophage recruitment may contribute to host defence and facilitate clearance of the infection. On the other hand, given the assumed important role of circulating macrophages in viral spread, this may also point towards a mechanism facilitating delivery of the virus to further tissues in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bourquain
- Centre for Biological Security 1, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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26
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Schuenadel L, Tischer BK, Nitsche A. Generation and characterization of a Cowpox virus mutant lacking host range factor CP77. Virus Res 2012; 168:23-32. [PMID: 22705200 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cowpox virus (CPXV) host range factor CP77 was identified to be required for virus replication in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, but the underlying molecular mechanism by which CP77 modulates host range has remained unclear. Therefore, a CPXVΔCP77 deletion mutant was constructed by applying bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) technology. Integrity of BAC-derived viral DNA was confirmed by whole genome sequencing. In vitro growth characteristics of CPXV wild type (WT), BAC-derived vCPXV WT and vCPXVΔCP77 were virtually indistinguishable in HEK293T cells, whereas in CHO-K1 cells replication of virus lacking CP77 was unambiguously attenuated. This block of viral replication was confirmed by lack of late viral protein expression. The replication defect of various Orthopoxviruses lacking CP77 in CHO cells could be restored by recombinant expression of CP77. Thus, for the first time, the described CP77-dependent host range effect in CHO cells was shown in the background of CPXV as well as Camelpox virus. To further characterize the mutant virus, cells of several different species were comparably infected with vCPXV WT and vCPXVΔCP77, respectively. Interestingly, except for CHO-K1 cells, vCPXV WT and vCPXVΔCP77 showed no significant difference in terms of morphology of cytopathic effects, expression of a late transcribed virus-encoded green fluorescent protein and virus reproduction, even in other hamster-derived cells. Additionally, in ovo inoculation with either virus revealed the same red-pock phenotype on chicken egg chorioallantoic membranes. Since the data presented indicate a CP77-dependent host range effect only for CHO cells, we conclude that the protein might mediate additional functions not identified yet. The vCPXVΔCP77 deletion mutant generated can now be applied as a useful tool to investigate the function of the putative host range protein CP77.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Schuenadel
- Robert Koch-Institut, Zentrum für Biologische Sicherheit 1, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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