1
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Heden TD, Franklin MP, Dailey C, Mashek MT, Chen C, Mashek DG. ACOT1 deficiency attenuates high-fat diet-induced fat mass gain by increasing energy expenditure. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e160987. [PMID: 37561578 PMCID: PMC10561717 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acyl-CoA thioesterase 1 (ACOT1) catalyzes the hydrolysis of long-chain acyl-CoAs to free fatty acids and CoA and is typically upregulated in obesity. Whether targeting ACOT1 in the setting of high-fat diet-induced (HFD-induced) obesity would be metabolically beneficial is not known. Here we report that male and female ACOT1KO mice are partially protected from HFD-induced obesity, an effect associated with increased energy expenditure without alterations in physical activity or food intake. In males, ACOT1 deficiency increased mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) protein abundance while reducing 4-hydroxynonenal, a marker of oxidative stress, in white adipose tissue and liver of HFD-fed mice. Moreover, concurrent knockdown (KD) of UCP2 with ACOT1 in hepatocytes prevented increases in oxygen consumption observed with ACOT1 KD during high lipid loading, suggesting that UCP2-induced uncoupling may increase energy expenditure to attenuate weight gain. Together, these data indicate that targeting ACOT1 may be effective for obesity prevention during caloric excess by increasing energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Heden
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Christina Dailey
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and
| | - Mara T. Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and
| | - Douglas G. Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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2
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Zhu Y, Zhang J, Wang C, Zheng T, Di S, Wang Y, Fei W, Liang W, Wang L. Ameliorative Effect of Ethanolic Echinacea purpurea against Hyperthyroidism-Induced Oxidative Stress via AMRK and PPAR Signal Pathway Using Transcriptomics and Network Pharmacology Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010187. [PMID: 36613632 PMCID: PMC9820381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EP) is a well-known botanical supplement with antioxidant characteristics. However, the effects of EP on oxidative stress induced by hyperthyroidism have not yet been studied. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidative effect of ethanolic Echinacea Purpurea (EEP) on hyperthyroidism-induced oxidative stress mice using an integrated strategy combining transcriptomics with network pharmacology analysis. Firstly, a hyperthyroidism mice model was induced via thyroxine (160 mg/kg) and EEP (1, 2, or 4 g/kg) once daily for 2 weeks. Body weight, thyroid-stimulating hormones, and oxidative stress markers were tested. Secondly, EEP regulating the potential genes at transcript level were analyzed. Thirdly, a network pharmacology based on the constituents of EEP identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis was adopted. Finally, a joint analysis was performed to identify the key pathway. The results showed that EEP significantly changed the thyroid-stimulating hormones and oxidative stress markers. Meanwhile, RT-qPCR and Western Blotting demonstrated that the mechanism of the antioxidant effect of EEP reversed the mRNA expression of EHHADH, HMGCR and SLC27A2 and the protein expression of FABP and HMGCR in AMPK and PPAR signaling pathways. This study integrates transcriptomics with network pharmacology to reveal the mechanism of ameliorative effect of EEP on hyperthyroidism-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Chun Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Songrui Di
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yinyin Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenting Fei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weican Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linyuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (L.W.)
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3
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Cruciani S, Garroni G, Pala R, Coradduzza D, Cossu ML, Ginesu GC, Capobianco G, Dessole S, Ventura C, Maioli M. Metformin and vitamin D modulate adipose-derived stem cell differentiation towards the beige phenotype. Adipocyte 2022; 11:356-365. [PMID: 35734882 PMCID: PMC9235891 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2085417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) represent an ideal stem cell population for regenerative medicine. ADSC adipogenic differentiation is controlled by the activation of a specific transcriptional program, including epigenetic factors and key adipogenic genes. Under certain conditioned media, ADSCs can differentiate into several phenotypes. We previously demonstrated that bioactive molecules could counteract lipid accumulation and regulate adipogenesis, acting on inflammation and vitamin D metabolism. In the present paper, we aimed at evaluating the effect of metformin and vitamin D in targeting ADSC differentiation towards an intermediate phenotype, as beige adipocytes. We exposed ADSCs to different conditioned media and then we evaluated the levels of expression of main markers of adipogenesis, aP2, LPL and ACOT2. We also analysed the gene and protein expression of thermogenic UCP1 protein, and the expression of PARP1 and the beige specific marker TMEM26. Our results showed a novel effect of metformin and vitamin D not only in inhibiting adipogenesis, but also in inducing a specific ‘brown-like’ phenotype. These findings pave the way for their possible application in the control of de novo lipogenesis useful for the prevention of obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cruciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Garroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Renzo Pala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Laura Cossu
- General Surgery Unit 2 "Clinica Chirurgica" Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences Department, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Carlo Ginesu
- General Surgery Unit 2 "Clinica Chirurgica" Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences Department, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giampiero Capobianco
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Dessole
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Carlo Ventura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems - Eldor Lab, Innovation Accelerator, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Center for Developmental Biology and Reprogramming (CEDEBIOR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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4
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Ma X, Liao Z, Li R, Xia W, Guo H, Luo J, Sheng H, Tian M, Cao Z. Myocardial Injury Caused by Chronic Alcohol Exposure—A Pilot Study Based on Proteomics. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134284. [PMID: 35807529 PMCID: PMC9268295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol exposure can cause myocardial degenerative diseases, manifested as cardiac insufficiency, arrhythmia, etc. These are defined as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Alcohol-mediated myocardial injury has previously been studied through metabolomics, and it has been proved to be involved in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway concerning unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, which tentatively explored the mechanism of ACM induced by chronic drinking. To further study alcohol-induced myocardial injury, myocardial specimens from a previously successfully established mouse model of ACM were subjected to histological, echocardiographic, and proteomic analyses, and validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results of histopathology and echocardiography showed the hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes, the dilation of ventricles, and decreased cardiac function. Proteomic results, available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD032949, revealed 56 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, which have the potential to be involved in the KEGG pathway related to fatty acid biosynthesis disorders, lipid metabolism disorders, oxidative stress, and, ultimately, in the development of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The present study further elucidates the underlying effects of myocardial injury due to chronic alcohol intake, laying a foundation for further studies to clarify the potential mechanisms of ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Ma
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
- The Third Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zihan Liao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-Evidence Science, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Rongxuan Li
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
- The Third Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (W.X.); (H.G.)
| | - Honghui Guo
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (W.X.); (H.G.)
| | - Jiawei Luo
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-Evidence Science, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Huaxin Sheng
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Center of Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Meihui Tian
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-Evidence Science, Shenyang 110122, China
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Biology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-Evidence Science, Shenyang 110122, China
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (Z.C.)
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5
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McKew BA, Johnson R, Clothier L, Skeels K, Ross MS, Metodiev M, Frenzel M, Gieg LM, Martin JW, Hough MA, Whitby C. Differential protein expression during growth on model and commercial mixtures of naphthenic acids in Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1196. [PMID: 34459546 PMCID: PMC8289671 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Naphthenic acids (NAs) are carboxylic acids with the formula (Cn H2n+Z O2 ) and are among the most toxic, persistent constituents of oil sands process-affected waters (OSPW), produced during oil sands extraction. Currently, the proteins and mechanisms involved in NA biodegradation are unknown. Using LC-MS/MS shotgun proteomics, we identified proteins overexpressed during the growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 on a model NA (4'-n-butylphenyl)-4-butanoic acid (n-BPBA) and commercial NA mixture (Acros). By day 11, >95% of n-BPBA was degraded. With Acros, a 17% reduction in intensity occurred with 10-18 carbon compounds of the Z family -2 to -14 (major NA species in this mixture). A total of 554 proteins (n-BPBA) and 631 proteins (Acros) were overexpressed during growth on NAs, including several transporters (e.g., ABC transporters), suggesting a cellular protective response from NA toxicity. Several proteins associated with fatty acid, lipid, and amino acid metabolism were also overexpressed, including acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and acyl-CoA thioesterase II, which catalyze part of the fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway. Indeed, multiple enzymes involved in the fatty acid oxidation pathway were upregulated. Given the presumed structural similarity between alkyl-carboxylic acid side chains and fatty acids, we postulate that P. fluorescens Pf-5 was using existing fatty acid catabolic pathways (among others) during NA degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyd A. McKew
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
| | | | - Lindsay Clothier
- Canada's Oil Sands Innovation AllianceCalgaryABCanada
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | - Karl Skeels
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
| | - Matthew S. Ross
- Department of Physical SciencesMacEwan UniversityEdmontonABCanada
| | | | | | - Lisa M. Gieg
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
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6
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Liu L, Wu J, Gao Y, Lv Y, Xue J, Qin L, Xiao C, Hu Z, Zhang L, Luo X, Wang Y, Cao Y, Cao Y, Zhang G. The effect of Acot2 overexpression or downregulation on the preadipocyte differentiation in Chinese Red Steppe cattle. Adipocyte 2020; 9:279-289. [PMID: 32579860 PMCID: PMC7469445 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1776553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality and nutritional value of beef is closely linked to its content of intramuscular fat (IMF). The differentiation of preadipocytes and the deposition of lipid droplets in the adipocytes are the key to regulate the IMF content. The differentiation of adipocytes is regulated by a series of transcription factors and genes. Acyl-CoA thioesterase 2 (Acot2) hydrolyzes the acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) into free fatty acids and CoA and has the potential to maintain the free fatty acids and acyl CoA at the cellular level. In this work, we detected the expression of the Acot2 gene during the adipocyte differentiation in Chinese Red Steppe cattle, and then interfered and overexpressed the Acot2 gene in the preadipocytes to explore its regulatory role in the adipocyte differentiation. The results showed that the expression and regulation of Acot2 mainly occurred at the later stage of the adipocyte differentiation. The interference with the Acot2 gene significantly inhibited the lipid droplets accumulation and triglyceride content, while its overexpression significantly promoted both of them. The results of this study show that the Acot2 gene is a positive regulator of the adipocyte differentiation and may become a new target to improve the beef quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Liu
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
- Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture, Changchun, China
- Jilin Beef Cattle Breeding and Breeding Technology Innovation Center, Gongzhuling, China
- Jilin Kuncheng Animal Husbandry Technology Development Co., Ltd, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture, Changchun, China
| | - Jiajia Xue
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture, Changchun, China
| | - Lihong Qin
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
- Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture, Changchun, China
- Jilin Beef Cattle Breeding and Breeding Technology Innovation Center, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
- Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongchang Hu
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
- Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture, Changchun, China
| | - Lichun Zhang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
- Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaotong Luo
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
- Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
- Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture, Changchun, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture, Changchun, China
- Jilin Beef Cattle Breeding and Breeding Technology Innovation Center, Gongzhuling, China
- Jilin Kuncheng Animal Husbandry Technology Development Co., Ltd, Gongzhuling, China
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7
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Transcriptome profiling reveals multiple pathways responsible for the beneficial metabolic effects of Smilax glabra flavonoids in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:110011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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8
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Bekeova C, Anderson-Pullinger L, Boye K, Boos F, Sharpadskaya Y, Herrmann JM, Seifert EL. Multiple mitochondrial thioesterases have distinct tissue and substrate specificity and CoA regulation, suggesting unique functional roles. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:19034-19047. [PMID: 31676684 PMCID: PMC6916504 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyl-CoA thioesterases (Acots) hydrolyze fatty acyl-CoA esters. Acots in the mitochondrial matrix are poised to mitigate β-oxidation overload and maintain CoA availability. Several Acots associate with mitochondria, but whether they all localize to the matrix, are redundant, or have different roles is unresolved. Here, we compared the suborganellar localization, activity, expression, and regulation among mitochondrial Acots (Acot2, -7, -9, and -13) in mitochondria from multiple mouse tissues and from a model of Acot2 depletion. Acot7, -9, and -13 localized to the matrix, joining Acot2 that was previously shown to localize there. Mitochondria from heart, skeletal muscle, brown adipose tissue, and kidney robustly expressed Acot2, -9, and -13; Acot9 levels were substantially higher in brown adipose tissue and kidney mitochondria, as was activity for C4:0-CoA, a unique Acot9 substrate. In all tissues, Acot2 accounted for about half of the thioesterase activity for C14:0-CoA and C16:0-CoA. In contrast, liver mitochondria from fed and fasted mice expressed little Acot activity, which was confined to long-chain CoAs and due mainly to Acot7 and Acot13 activities. Matrix Acots occupied different functional niches, based on substrate specificity (Acot9 versus Acot2 and -13) and strong CoA inhibition (Acot7, -9, and -13, but not Acot2). Interpreted in the context of β-oxidation, CoA inhibition would prevent Acot-mediated suppression of β-oxidation, while providing a release valve when CoA is limiting. In contrast, CoA-insensitive Acot2 could provide a constitutive siphon for long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs. These results reveal how the family of matrix Acots can mitigate β-oxidation overload and prevent CoA limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Bekeova
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Lauren Anderson-Pullinger
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Kevin Boye
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Felix Boos
- Division of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Yana Sharpadskaya
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Johannes M Herrmann
- Division of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Erin L Seifert
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
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9
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Up-Regulated MicroRNA-27b Promotes Adipocyte Differentiation via Induction of Acyl-CoA Thioesterase 2 Expression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2916243. [PMID: 31930115 PMCID: PMC6942750 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2916243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by a spectrum of liver pathologies, from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis. Recent studies have increasingly noted the aberrant expression of microRNAs closely related to NAFLD pathologies. We have previously shown the presence of increased levels of microRNA-27b (miR-27b) in patients with NAFLD. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-27b in NAFLD by examining the impact of up-regulated miR-27b on the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. We found that miR-27b-3p remarkably enhances the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells associated with lipid accumulation and intracellular triglyceride contents. Furthermore, we have demonstrated not only that miR-27b-3p induces acyl-CoA thioesterase 2 (ACOT2) expression in 3T3-L1 cells, but also that the knockdown of ACOT2 suppresses lipid accumulation and adipocyte differentiation in both the presence and absence of miR-27b-3p treatment. Our data strongly suggest that the miR-27b-ACOT2 axis is an important pathway in adipocyte differentiation and may play a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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10
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Bakshi I, Brown SHJ, Brandon AE, Suryana E, Mitchell TW, Turner N, Cooney GJ. Increasing Acyl CoA thioesterase activity alters phospholipid profile without effect on insulin action in skeletal muscle of rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13967. [PMID: 30228369 PMCID: PMC6143561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased lipid metabolism in muscle is associated with insulin resistance and therefore, many strategies have been employed to alter fatty acid metabolism and study the impact on insulin action. Metabolism of fatty acid requires activation to fatty acyl CoA by Acyl CoA synthases (ACSL) and fatty acyl CoA can be hydrolysed by Acyl CoA thioesterases (Acot). Thioesterase activity is low in muscle, so we overexpressed Acot7 in muscle of chow and high-fat diet (HFD) rats and investigated effects on insulin action. Acot7 overexpression modified specific phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine species in tibialis muscle of chow rats to levels similar to those observed in control HFD muscle. The changes in phospholipid species did not alter glucose uptake in tibialis muscle under hyperinsulinaemic/euglycaemic clamped conditions. Acot7 overexpression in white extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle increased complete fatty acid oxidation ex-vivo but was not associated with any changes in glucose uptake in-vivo, however overexpression of Acot7 in red EDL reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in-vivo which correlated with increased incomplete fatty acid oxidation ex-vivo. In summary, although overexpression of Acot7 in muscle altered some aspects of lipid profile and metabolism in muscle, this had no major effect on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Bakshi
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Simon H J Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eurwin Suryana
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Todd W Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute, Sydney, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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11
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Steensels S, Ersoy BA. Fatty acid activation in thermogenic adipose tissue. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:79-90. [PMID: 29793055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Channeling carbohydrates and fatty acids to thermogenic tissues, including brown and beige adipocytes, have garnered interest as an approach for the management of obesity-related metabolic disorders. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (β-oxidation) is crucial for the maintenance of thermogenesis. Upon cellular fatty acid uptake or following lipolysis from triglycerides (TG), fatty acids are esterified to coenzyme A (CoA) to form active acyl-CoA molecules. This enzymatic reaction is essential for their utilization in β-oxidation and thermogenesis. The activation and deactivation of fatty acids are regulated by two sets of enzymes called acyl-CoA synthetases (ACS) and acyl-CoA thioesterases (ACOT), respectively. The expression levels of ACS and ACOT family members in thermogenic tissues will determine the substrate availability for β-oxidation, and consequently the thermogenic capacity. Although the role of the majority of ACS and ACOT family members in thermogenesis remains unclear, recent proceedings link the enzymatic activities of ACS and ACOT family members to metabolic disorders and thermogenesis. Elucidating the contributions of specific ACS and ACOT family members to trafficking of fatty acids towards thermogenesis may reveal novel targets for modulating thermogenic capacity and treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Steensels
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baran A Ersoy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Ohtomo T, Ino K, Miyashita R, Chigira M, Nakamura M, Someya K, Inaba N, Fujita M, Takagi M, Yamada J. Chronic high-fat feeding impairs adaptive induction of mitochondrial fatty acid combustion-associated proteins in brown adipose tissue of mice. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 10:32-38. [PMID: 28955734 PMCID: PMC5614659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since brown adipose tissue (BAT) is involved in thermogenesis using fatty acids as a fuel, BAT activation is a potential strategy for treating obesity and diabetes. However, whether BAT fatty acid combusting capacity is preserved in these conditions has remained unclear. We therefore evaluated expression levels of fatty acid oxidation-associated enzymes and uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) in BAT by western blot using a diet-induced obesity C57BL/6J mouse model. In C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) over 2–4 weeks, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (Cpt2), acyl-CoA thioesterase (Acot) 2, Acot11 and Ucp1 levels were significantly increased compared with baseline and control low-fat diet (LFD)-fed mice. Similar results were obtained in other mouse strains, including ddY, ICR and KK-Ay, but the magnitudes of the increase in Ucp1 level were much smaller than in C57BL/6J mice, with decreased Acot11 levels after HFD-feeding. In C57BL/6J mice, increased levels of these mitochondrial proteins declined to near baseline levels after a longer-term HFD-feeding (20 weeks), concurrent with the accumulation of unilocular, large lipid droplets in brown adipocytes. Extramitochondrial Acot11 and acyl-CoA oxidase remained elevated. Treatment of mice with Wy-14,643 also increased these proteins, but was less effective than 4 week-HFD, suggesting that mechanisms other than peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α were also involved in the upregulation. These results suggest that BAT enhances its fatty acid combusting capacity in response to fat overload, however profound obesity deprives BAT of the responsiveness to fat, possibly via mitochondrial alteration. BAT activation is a potential strategy for treating obesity and diabetes. BAT enhances its fatty acid combusting capacity in response to high-fat feeding. Profound obesity deprives BAT of the responsiveness to fat overload. Susceptibility to BAT activation could depend on the degree of obesity.
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Key Words
- Acot, acyl-CoA thioesterase
- Acox, acyl-CoA oxidase
- Acyl-CoA thioesterase
- BAT, brown adipose tissue
- Brown adipose tissue
- Cpt, carnitine palmitoyltransferase
- ETC, electron transport chain
- Fatty acid oxidation
- HFD and LFD, high- and low-fat diet
- Obesity
- Ppar, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- SNS, sympathetic nervous system
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid
- TG, triglyceride
- Ucp, uncoupling protein
- Uncoupling protein
- WAT, white adipose tissue
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ohtomo
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kanako Ino
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ryota Miyashita
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Maya Chigira
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Koji Someya
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Niro Inaba
- Center for the Advancement of Pharmaceutical Education, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mariko Fujita
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Takagi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Junji Yamada
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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13
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Krause K, Weiner J, Hönes S, Klöting N, Rijntjes E, Heiker JT, Gebhardt C, Köhrle J, Führer D, Steinhoff K, Hesse S, Moeller LC, Tönjes A. The Effects of Thyroid Hormones on Gene Expression of Acyl-Coenzyme A Thioesterases in Adipose Tissue and Liver of Mice. Eur Thyroid J 2015; 4:59-66. [PMID: 26601074 PMCID: PMC4640296 DOI: 10.1159/000437304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones (TH) exert pleiotropic effects on glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, it is as yet unclear how TH regulate lipid storage and utilization in order to adapt to metabolic needs. Acyl-CoA thioesterases (ACOTs) have been proposed to play a regulatory role in the metabolism of fatty acids. OBJECTIVES We investigated the interaction between thyroid dysfunction and Acot expression in adipose tissues and livers of thyrotoxic and hypothyroid mice. METHODS Ten-week-old female C57BL/6NTac mice (n = 10/group) were made hyperthyroid by the application of L-thyroxine (2 µg/ml in drinking water) for 4 weeks. Hypothyroidism was induced in 10-week-old mice by feeding an iodine-free chow supplemented with 0.15% PTU for 4 weeks. We measured mRNA expression levels of Acot8, 11 and 13 in the liver and epididymal and inguinal white and brown adipose tissues (BAT). Furthermore, we investigated hepatic Acot gene expression in TRα- and TRβ-deficient mice. RESULTS We showed that the expression of Acot8, 11 and 13 is predominantly stimulated by a thyrotoxic state in the epididymal white adipose tissue. In contrast, hypothyroidism predominantly induces the expression of Acot8 in BAT in comparison with BAT of thyrotoxic and euthyroid mice (p < 0.01). However, no significant changes in Acot expression were observed in inguinal white adipose tissue. In liver, Acot gene expression is collectively elicited by a thyrotoxic state. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that ACOTs are targets of TH and are likely to influence 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine-orchestrated mechanisms of lipid uptake, storage and utilization to adapt the regulation of metabolic demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Krause
- Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
- *Kerstin Krause, Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 21, DE-04103 Leipzig (Germany), E-Mail
| | - Juliane Weiner
- Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hönes
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eddy Rijntjes
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - John T. Heiker
- Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Gebhardt
- Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karen Steinhoff
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Swen Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lars C. Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
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Ohtomo T, Hoshino A, Yajima M, Tsuchiya A, Momose A, Tanonaka K, Toyoda H, Kato T, Yamada J. Expression and distribution of acyl-CoA thioesterases in the white adipose tissue of rats. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 140:223-32. [PMID: 23385637 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA thioesterases (Acots) are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of fatty acyl-CoAs to free fatty acids and coenzyme A, and have the potential to regulate the intracellular levels of these molecules. In this study, we show that a cytosolic isoform, Acot1, is expressed and distributed in immature adipocytes located in the perivascular region of the white adipose tissue (WAT) of rats. Immunoblot analyses detected Acot1 in all of the WATs examined, while immunohistochemistry revealed positively stained layered structures surrounding the adventitia of blood vessels in the subcutaneous WAT. When the subcutaneous WAT was digested with collagenase and centrifuged, Acot1 was recovered in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and not in the large mature adipocytes. In the SVF, undigested cells attached to short tubular fragments of blood vessels showed positive immunostaining, as well as a proportion of the dispersed cells. These fibroblast-like cells contained fine particulate lipid droplets, stained by oil-red O dye, in their cytoplasm, or expressed fatty acid-binding protein 4, an adipocyte marker. After induction of adipocyte differentiation following a 15-day preculture without insulin, the dedifferentiated cells showed increased Acot1 expression with a diffuse distribution throughout the cytosol. These findings suggest that Acot1 expression is transiently upregulated at an early stage of adipocyte maturation, possibly to maintain cytosolic acyl-CoAs below a certain level until the cells acquire their full capability for fat storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ohtomo
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Yang S, Chen C, Wang H, Rao X, Wang F, Duan Q, Chen F, Long G, Gong W, Zou MH, Wang DW. Protective effects of Acyl-coA thioesterase 1 on diabetic heart via PPARα/PGC1α signaling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50376. [PMID: 23226270 PMCID: PMC3511550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Using fatty acids (FAs) exclusively for ATP generation was reported to contribute to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We studied the role of substrate metabolism related genes in the heart of the diabetes to find out a novel therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results By microarray analysis of metabolic gene expression, acyl-CoA thioesterase 1 (acot1) was clearly upregulated in the myocardia of db/db mice, compared with normal control C57BL/Ks. Therefore, gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches were employed in db/db mice to investigate the functions of ACOT1 in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and heart function. We found that in the hearts of db/db mice which overexpressed ACOT1, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) were reduced, the activities of ATPases in mitochondria associated with mitochondrial function were promoted, the expression of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) contributing to oxygen wastage for noncontractile purposes was decreased, and cardiac dysfunction was attenuated, as determined by both hemodynamic and echocardiographic detections. Consistently, ACOT1 deficiency had opposite effects, which accelerated the cardiac damage induced by diabetes. Notably, by real-time PCR, we found that overexpression of ACOT1 in diabetic heart repressed the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/PPARγ coactivator 1α (PPARα/PGC1α) signaling, as shown by decreased expression of PGC1α and the downstream genes involved in FAs use. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that ACOT1 played a crucial protective role in diabetic heart via PPARα/PGC1α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Quanlu Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Fuqiong Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Guangwen Long
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Department of Medicine and Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Hypoglycemic effects of clove (Syzygium aromaticum flower buds) on genetically diabetic KK-Ay mice and identification of the active ingredients. J Nat Med 2011; 66:394-9. [PMID: 21987283 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Clove (Syzygium aromaticum flower buds) EtOH extract significantly suppressed an increase in blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic KK-A(y) mice. In-vitro evaluation showed the extract had human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ ligand-binding activity in a GAL4-PPAR-γ chimera assay. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the EtOH extract resulted in the isolation of eight compounds, of which dehydrodieugenol (2) and dehydrodieugenol B (3) had potent PPAR-γ ligand-binding activities, whereas oleanolic acid (4), a major constituent in the EtOH extract, had moderate activity. Furthermore, 2 and 3 were shown to stimulate 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation through PPAR-γ activation. These results indicate that clove has potential as a functional food ingredient for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and that 2-4 mainly contribute to its hypoglycemic effects via PPAR-γ activation.
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