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Morino-Koga S, Tsuruda M, Zhao X, Oshiro S, Yokomizo T, Yamane M, Tanigawa S, Miike K, Usuki S, Yasunaga KI, Nishinakamura R, Suda T, Ogawa M. Transition of signal requirement in hematopoietic stem cell development from hemogenic endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2404193121. [PMID: 39042698 PMCID: PMC11294991 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404193121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) develop from hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) in vivo during mouse embryogenesis. When cultured in vitro, cells from the embryo phenotypically defined as pre-HSC-I and pre-HSC-II have the potential to differentiate into HSCs. However, minimal factors required for HSC induction from HECs have not yet been determined. In this study, we demonstrated that stem cell factor (SCF) and thrombopoietin (TPO) induced engrafting HSCs from embryonic day (E) 11.5 pre-HSC-I in a serum-free and feeder-free culture condition. In contrast, E10.5 pre-HSC-I and HECs required an endothelial cell layer in addition to SCF and TPO to differentiate into HSCs. A single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of E10.5 to 11.5 dorsal aortae with surrounding tissues and fetal livers detected TPO expression confined in hepatoblasts, while SCF was expressed in various tissues, including endothelial cells and hepatoblasts. Our results suggest a transition of signal requirement during HSC development from HECs. The differentiation of E10.5 HECs to E11.5 pre-HSC-I in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region depends on SCF and endothelial cell-derived factors. Subsequently, SCF and TPO drive the differentiation of E11.5 pre-HSC-I to pre-HSC-II/HSCs in the fetal liver. The culture system established in this study provides a beneficial tool for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of HSCs from HECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Morino-Koga
- Department of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-0811, Japan
| | - Mariko Tsuruda
- Department of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-0811, Japan
| | - Xueyu Zhao
- Department of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-0811, Japan
| | - Shogo Oshiro
- Department of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-0811, Japan
| | - Tomomasa Yokomizo
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-0811, Japan
- Department of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo162-8666, Japan
| | - Mariko Yamane
- Department of Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-0811, Japan
- Department of Functional Genome Informatics, Division of Medical Genomics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo113-8510, Japan
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe650-0047, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tanigawa
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-0811, Japan
| | - Koichiro Miike
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-0811, Japan
| | - Shingo Usuki
- Liaison Laboratory Research Promotion Center, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-0811, Japan
| | - Kei-ichiro Yasunaga
- Liaison Laboratory Research Promotion Center, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-0811, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishinakamura
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-0811, Japan
| | - Toshio Suda
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-0811, Japan
| | - Minetaro Ogawa
- Department of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-0811, Japan
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2
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Agrawal H, Mehatre SH, Khurana S. The hematopoietic stem cell expansion niche in fetal liver: Current state of the art and the way forward. Exp Hematol 2024:104585. [PMID: 39068980 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic development goes through a number of embryonic sites that host hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells with function required at specific developmental stages. Among embryonic sites, the fetal liver (FL) hosts definitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) capable of engrafting adult hematopoietic system and supports their rapid expansion. Hence, this site provides an excellent model to understand the cellular and molecular components of the machinery involved in HSC-proliferative events, leading to their overall expansion. It has been unequivocally established that extrinsic regulators orchestrate events that maintain HSC function. Although most studies on extrinsic regulation of HSC function are targeted at adult bone marrow (BM) hematopoiesis, little is known about how FL HSC function is regulated by their microniche. This review provides the current state of our understanding on molecular and cellular niche factors that support FL hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Agrawal
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Shubham Haribhau Mehatre
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Satish Khurana
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India..
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3
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Camiolo G, Mullen CG, Ottersbach K. Mechanistic insights into the developmental origin of pediatric hematologic disorders. Exp Hematol 2024:104583. [PMID: 39059457 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Embryonic and fetal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells differ in some key properties from cells that are part of the adult hematopoietic system. These include higher proliferation and self-renewal capacity, different globin gene usage, and differing lineage biases. Although these evolved to cover specific requirements of embryonic development, they can have serious consequences for the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies that initiate prebirth in fetal blood cells and may result in a particularly aggressive disease that does not respond well to treatments that have been designed for adult leukemias. This indicates that these infant/pediatric leukemias should be considered developmental diseases, where a thorough understanding of their unique biology is essential for designing more effective therapies. In this review, we will highlight some of these unique fetal properties and detail the underlying molecular drivers of these phenotypes. We specifically focus on those that are pertinent to disease pathogenesis and that may therefore reveal disease vulnerabilities. We have also included an extensive description of the origins, phenotypes, and key molecular drivers of the main infant and pediatric leukemias that have a known prenatal origin. Importantly, successes in recent years in generating faithful models of these malignancies in which cellular origins, key drivers, and potential vulnerabilities can be investigated have resulted in uncovering potential, new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Camiolo
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher G Mullen
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Ottersbach
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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4
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Dong R, Li H, He XC, Wang C, Perera A, Malloy S, Russell J, Li W, Petentler K, Mao X, Yang Z, Epp M, Hall K, Scott A, McKinney MC, Huang S, Smith SE, Hembree M, Wang Y, Yu Z, Haug JS, Unruh J, Slaughter B, Kang X, Li L. Characterization of Multicellular Niches Supporting Hematopoietic Stem Cells Within Distinct Zones. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.28.601225. [PMID: 39071430 PMCID: PMC11275884 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.28.601225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) primarily focused on single cell-based niche models, yielding fruitful but conflicting findings 1-5 . Here we report our investigation on the fetal liver (FL) as the primary fetal hematopoietic site using spatial transcriptomics. Our study reveals two distinct niches: the portal-vessel (PV) niche and the sinusoidal niche. The PV niche, composing N-cadherin (N-cad) Hi Pdgfrα + mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), endothelial cells (ECs), and N-cad Lo Albumin + hepatoblasts, maintains quiescent and multipotential FL-HSCs. Conversely, the sinusoidal niche, comprising ECs, hepatoblasts and hepatocytes, as well as potential macrophages and megakaryocytes, supports proliferative FL-HSCs biased towards myeloid lineages. Unlike prior reports on the role of Cxcl12, with its depletion from vessel-associated stromal cells leading to 80% of HSCs' reduction in the adult bone marrow (BM) 6,7 , depletion of Cxcl12 via Cdh2 CreERT (encoding N-cad) induces altered localization of HSCs from the PV to the sinusoidal niches, resulting in an increase of HSC number but with myeloid-bias. Similarly, we discovered that adult BM encompasses two niches within different zones, each composed of multi-cellular components: trabecular bone area (TBA, or metaphysis) supporting deep-quiescent HSCs, and central marrow (CM, or diaphysis) fostering heterogenous proliferative HSCs. This study transforms our understanding of niches by shifting from single cell-based to multicellular components within distinct zones, illuminating the intricate regulation of HSCs tailored to their different cycling states.
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5
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Miyauchi J. The hematopoietic microenvironment of the fetal liver and transient abnormal myelopoiesis associated with Down syndrome: A review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 199:104382. [PMID: 38723838 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) in neonates with Down syndrome is a distinct form of leukemia or preleukemia that mirrors the hematological features of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. However, it typically resolves spontaneously in the early stages. TAM originates from fetal liver (FL) hematopoietic precursor cells and emerges due to somatic mutations in GATA1 in utero. In TAM, progenitor cells proliferate and differentiate into mature megakaryocytes and granulocytes. This process occurs both in vitro, aided by hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) produced in the FL, and in vivo, particularly in specific anatomical sites like the FL and blood vessels. The FL's hematopoietic microenvironment plays a crucial role in TAM's pathogenesis and may contribute to its spontaneous regression. This review presents an overview of current knowledge regarding the unique features of TAM in relation to the FL hematopoietic microenvironment, focusing on the functions of HGFs and the pathological features of TAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Miyauchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Saitama City Hospital, Saitama, Saitama-ken, Japan.
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6
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Mendoza-Castrejon J, Magee JA. Layered immunity and layered leukemogenicity: Developmentally restricted mechanisms of pediatric leukemia initiation. Immunol Rev 2023; 315:197-215. [PMID: 36588481 PMCID: PMC10301262 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent progenitor cells (MPPs) arise in successive waves during ontogeny, and their properties change significantly throughout life. Ontological changes in HSCs/MPPs underlie corresponding changes in mechanisms of pediatric leukemia initiation. As HSCs and MPPs progress from fetal to neonatal, juvenile and adult stages of life, they undergo transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming that modifies immune output to meet age-specific pathogenic challenges. Some immune cells arise exclusively from fetal HSCs/MPPs. We propose that this layered immunity instructs cell fates that underlie a parallel layered leukemogenicity. Indeed, some pediatric leukemias, such as juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome, and infant pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, are age-restricted. They only present during infancy or early childhood. These leukemias likely arise from fetal progenitors that lose competence for transformation as they age. Other childhood leukemias, such as non-infant pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia, have mutation profiles that are common in childhood but rare in morphologically similar adult leukemias. These differences could reflect temporal changes in mechanisms of mutagenesis or changes in how progenitors respond to a given mutation at different ages. Interactions between leukemogenic mutations and normal developmental switches offer potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Mendoza-Castrejon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jeffrey A. Magee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110
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7
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Kanezaki R, Toki T, Terui K, Sato T, Kobayashi A, Kudo K, Kamio T, Sasaki S, Kawaguchi K, Watanabe K, Ito E. Mechanism of KIT gene regulation by GATA1 lacking the N-terminal domain in Down syndrome-related myeloid disorders. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20587. [PMID: 36447001 PMCID: PMC9708825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) and myeloid leukemia of DS (ML-DS). GATA1 mutations are detected in almost all TAM and ML-DS samples, with exclusive expression of short GATA1 protein (GATA1s) lacking the N-terminal domain (NTD). However, it remains to be clarified how GATA1s is involved with both disorders. Here, we established the K562 GATA1s (K562-G1s) clones expressing only GATA1s by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. The K562-G1s clones expressed KIT at significantly higher levels compared to the wild type of K562 (K562-WT). Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies identified the GATA1-bound regulatory sites upstream of KIT in K562-WT, K562-G1s clones and two ML-DS cell lines; KPAM1 and CMK11-5. Sonication-based chromosome conformation capture (3C) assay demonstrated that in K562-WT, the - 87 kb enhancer region of KIT was proximal to the - 115 kb, - 109 kb and + 1 kb region, while in a K562-G1s clone, CMK11-5 and primary TAM cells, the - 87 kb region was more proximal to the KIT transcriptional start site. These results suggest that the NTD of GATA1 is essential for proper genomic conformation and regulation of KIT gene expression, and that perturbation of this function might be involved in the pathogenesis of TAM and ML-DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Kanezaki
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Toki
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Kiminori Terui
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sato
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Akie Kobayashi
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Ko Kudo
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Takuya Kamio
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Shinya Sasaki
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Koji Kawaguchi
- grid.415798.60000 0004 0378 1551Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shizuoka Children’s Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Watanabe
- grid.415798.60000 0004 0378 1551Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shizuoka Children’s Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan ,grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Community Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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8
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Duguid A, Mattiucci D, Ottersbach K. Infant leukaemia - faithful models, cell of origin and the niche. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm049189. [PMID: 34713888 PMCID: PMC8560498 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For patients and their families, the diagnosis of infant leukaemia is devastating. This disease has not seen the improvements in outcomes experienced with other paediatric leukaemias and it is becoming ever more apparent that infant leukaemia is a distinct biological entity. Insights into some of the distinguishing features of infant leukaemia, such as a single mutation - the MLL-gene rearrangement, the biology of disease aggressiveness and lineage plasticity, and the high incidence of central nervous system involvement, are likely to be gained from understanding the interactions between leukaemic cells and their environment or niche. The origins of infant leukaemia lie in the embryonic haematopoietic system, which is characterised by shifting locations and dynamic changes in the microenvironment. Understanding this foetal or embryonic context is integral to understanding infant leukaemia development. Owing to its rarity and prenatal origins, developing accurate modelling systems for further investigation of infant leukaemia is essential. In this Review, we discuss how available in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo infant leukaemia models contribute to our current understanding of the leukaemia niche in embryonic development, established disease and specialised non-haematopoietic niches. The mechanistic insights provided by accurate models will help identify viable novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katrin Ottersbach
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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9
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Mack R, Zhang L, Breslin Sj P, Zhang J. The Fetal-to-Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transition and its Role in Childhood Hematopoietic Malignancies. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2059-2080. [PMID: 34424480 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As with most organ systems that undergo continuous generation and maturation during the transition from fetal to adult life, the hematopoietic and immune systems also experience dynamic changes. Such changes lead to many unique features in blood cell function and immune responses in early childhood. The blood cells and immune cells in neonates are a mixture of fetal and adult origin due to the co-existence of both fetal and adult types of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitor cells (HPCs). Fetal blood and immune cells gradually diminish during maturation of the infant and are almost completely replaced by adult types of cells by 3 to 4 weeks after birth in mice. Such features in early childhood are associated with unique features of hematopoietic and immune diseases, such as leukemia, at these developmental stages. Therefore, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which hematopoietic and immune changes occur throughout ontogeny will provide useful information for the study and treatment of pediatric blood and immune diseases. In this review, we summarize the most recent studies on hematopoietic initiation during early embryonic development, the expansion of both fetal and adult types of HSCs and HPCs in the fetal liver and fetal bone marrow stages, and the shift from fetal to adult hematopoiesis/immunity during neonatal/infant development. We also discuss the contributions of fetal types of HSCs/HPCs to childhood leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Mack
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Peter Breslin Sj
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.,Departments of Molecular/Cellular Physiology and Biology, Loyola University Medical Center and Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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10
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Lu Y, Liu M, Yang J, Weissman SM, Pan X, Katz SG, Wang S. Spatial transcriptome profiling by MERFISH reveals fetal liver hematopoietic stem cell niche architecture. Cell Discov 2021; 7:47. [PMID: 34183665 PMCID: PMC8238952 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche has been extensively studied in bone marrow, yet a more systematic investigation into the microenvironment regulation of hematopoiesis in fetal liver is necessary. Here we investigate the spatial organization and transcriptional profile of individual cells in both wild type (WT) and Tet2−/− fetal livers, by multiplexed error robust fluorescence in situ hybridization. We find that specific pairs of fetal liver cell types are preferentially positioned next to each other. Ligand-receptor signaling molecule pairs such as Kitl and Kit are enriched in neighboring cell types. The majority of HSCs are in direct contact with endothelial cells (ECs) in both WT and Tet2−/− fetal livers. Loss of Tet2 increases the number of HSCs, and upregulates Wnt and Notch signaling genes in the HSC niche. Two subtypes of ECs, arterial ECs and sinusoidal ECs, and other cell types contribute distinct signaling molecules to the HSC niche. Collectively, this study provides a comprehensive picture and bioinformatic foundation for HSC spatial regulation in fetal liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Lu
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Jennifer Yang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | | | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Samuel G Katz
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.
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11
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The Bioactive Peptide SL-13R Expands Human Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells In Vitro. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071995. [PMID: 33915948 PMCID: PMC8036704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) transplantation is a curative treatment of hematological disorders that has been utilized for several decades. Although umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a promising source of HSPCs, the low dose of HSPCs in these preparations limits their use, prompting need for ex vivo HSPC expansion. To establish a more efficient method to expand UCB HSPCs, we developed the bioactive peptide named SL-13R and cultured UCB HSPCs (CD34+ cells) with SL-13R in animal component-free medium containing a cytokine cocktail. Following 9 days of culture with SL-13R, the numbers of total cells, CD34+, CD38− cells, and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-enriched cells were significantly increased relative to control. Transplantation of cells cultured with SL-13R into immunodeficient NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγ knockout mice confirmed that they possess long-term reconstitution and self-renewal ability. AHNAK, ANXA2, and PLEC all interact with SL-13R. Knockdown of these genes in UCB CD34+ cells resulted in reduced numbers of hematopoietic colonies relative to SL-13R-treated and non-knockdown controls. In summary, we have identified a novel bioactive peptide SL-13R promoting expansion of UCB CD34+ cells with long-term reconstitution and self-renewal ability, suggesting its clinical use in the future.
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12
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The in vitro effects of hepatoblastoma cells on the growth and differentiation of blasts in transient abnormal myelopoiesis associated with Down syndrome. Leuk Res 2021; 105:106570. [PMID: 33838549 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) in neonates with Down syndrome, which spontaneously resolves within several weeks or months after birth, may represent a special form of leukemia developing in the fetal liver (FL). To explore the role of hepatoblasts, one of the major constituents of the FL hematopoietic microenvironment, in the pathogenesis of TAM, we investigated the influence of a human hepatoblastoma cell line, HUH-6, on the in vitro growth and differentiation of TAM blasts. In a coculture system with membrane filters, which hinders cell-to-cell contact between TAM blasts and HUH-6 cells, the growth and megakaryocytic differentiation of TAM blast progenitors were increased in the presence of HUH-6 cells. The culture supernatant of HUH-6 cells contained hematopoietic growth factors, including stem cell factor (SCF) and thrombopoietin (TPO). The neutralizing antibody against SCF abrogated the growth-stimulating activity of the culture supernatant of HUH-6 cells, demonstrating that, among the growth factors produced by HUH-6 cells, SCF may be the major growth stimulator and that TPO may be involved in megakaryocytic differentiation, rather than growth, of TAM blasts. This suggests that hepatoblasts function in the regulation of the growth and differentiation of TAM blasts in the FL through the production of hematopoietic growth factors, including SCF and TPO, and are involved in the leukemogenesis of TAM.
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13
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Lewis K, Yoshimoto M, Takebe T. Fetal liver hematopoiesis: from development to delivery. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:139. [PMID: 33597015 PMCID: PMC7890853 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02189-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical transplants of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) can provide a lifesaving therapy for many hematological diseases; however, therapeutic applications are hampered by donor availability. In vivo, HSC exist in a specified microenvironment called the niche. While most studies of the niche focus on those residing in the bone marrow (BM), a better understanding of the fetal liver niche during development is vital to design human pluripotent stem cell (PSC) culture and may provide valuable insights with regard to expanding HSCs ex vivo for transplantation. This review will discuss the importance of the fetal liver niche in HSC expansion, a feat that occurs during development and has great clinical potential. We will also discuss emerging approaches to generate expandable HSC in cell culture that attain more complexity in the form of cells or organoid models in combination with engineering and systems biology approaches. Overall, delivering HSC by charting developmental principles will help in the understanding of the molecular and biological interactions between HSCs and fetal liver cells for their controlled maturation and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Lewis
- Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
- Communication Design Center, Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
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14
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Farzaneh Z, Abbasalizadeh S, Asghari-Vostikolaee MH, Alikhani M, Cabral JMS, Baharvand H. Dissolved oxygen concentration regulates human hepatic organoid formation from pluripotent stem cells in a fully controlled bioreactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3739-3756. [PMID: 32725885 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Developing technologies for scalable production of human organoids has gained increased attention for "organoid medicine" and drug discovery. We developed a scalable and integrated differentiation process for generation of hepatic organoid from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in a fully controlled stirred tank bioreactor with 150 ml working volume by application of physiological oxygen concentrations in different liver tissue zones. We found that the 20-40% dissolved oxygen concentration [DO] (corresponded to 30-60 mmHg pO2 within the liver tissue) significantly influences the process outcome via regulating the differentiation fate of hPSC aggregates by enhancing mesoderm induction. Regulation of the [DO] at 30% DO resulted in efficient generation of human fetal-like hepatic organoids that had a uniform size distribution and were comprised of red blood cells and functional hepatocytes, which exhibited improved liver-specific marker gene expressions, key liver metabolic functions, and, more important, higher inducible cytochrome P450 activity compared to the other trials. These hepatic organoids were successfully engrafted in an acute liver injury mouse model and produced albumin after implantation. These results demonstrated the significant impact of the dissolved oxygen concentration on hPSC hepatic differentiation fate and differentiation efficacy that should be considered ascritical translational aspect of established scalable liver organoid generation protocols for potential clinical and drug discovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Abbasalizadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Institute Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mohammad-Hassan Asghari-Vostikolaee
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Alikhani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Institute Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Soares-da-Silva F, Peixoto M, Cumano A, Pinto-do-Ó P. Crosstalk Between the Hepatic and Hematopoietic Systems During Embryonic Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:612. [PMID: 32793589 PMCID: PMC7387668 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) generated during embryonic development are able to maintain hematopoiesis for the lifetime, producing all mature blood lineages. HSC transplantation is a widely used cell therapy intervention in the treatment of hematologic, autoimmune and genetic disorders. Its use, however, is hampered by the inability to expand HSCs ex vivo, urging for a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating their physiological expansion. In the adult, HSCs reside in the bone marrow, in specific microenvironments that support stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Conversely, while developing, HSCs are transiently present in the fetal liver, the major hematopoietic site in the embryo, where they expand. Deeper insights on the dynamics of fetal liver composition along development, and on how these different cell types impact hematopoiesis, are needed. Both, the hematopoietic and hepatic fetal systems have been extensively studied, albeit independently. This review aims to explore their concurrent establishment and evaluate to what degree they may cross modulate their respective development. As insights on the molecular networks that govern physiological HSC expansion accumulate, it is foreseeable that strategies to enhance HSC proliferation will be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Soares-da-Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM U1223, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Márcia Peixoto
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM U1223, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ana Cumano
- Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM U1223, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Perpetua Pinto-do-Ó
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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16
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Mahony CB, Bertrand JY. How HSCs Colonize and Expand in the Fetal Niche of the Vertebrate Embryo: An Evolutionary Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:34. [PMID: 30915333 PMCID: PMC6422921 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can self-renew, establish the entire blood system and represent the basis of regenerative medicine applied to hematological disorders. Clinical use of HSCs is however limited by their inefficient expansion ex vivo, creating a need to further understand HSC expansion in vivo. After embryonic HSCs are born from the hemogenic endothelium, they migrate to the embryonic/fetal niche, where the future adult HSC pool is established by considerable expansion. This takes place at different anatomical sites and is controlled by numerous signals. HSCs then migrate to their adult niche, where they are maintained throughout adulthood. Exactly how HSC expansion is controlled during embryogenesis remains to be characterized and is an important step to improve the therapeutic use of HSCs. We will review the current knowledge of HSC expansion in the different fetal niches across several model organisms and highlight possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Mahony
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, CMU, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Y Bertrand
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, CMU, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Schmelzer E. Hepatic progenitors of the fetal liver: Interactions with hematopoietic stem cells. Differentiation 2019; 106:9-14. [PMID: 30826473 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to summarize and give an overview on the findings of signaling between hepatic and hematopoietic progenitors of the liver. To date, there are not many findings published in the field, and the aim of this review is to cover all current publications in this area. The liver is the main site of hematopoiesis during fetal development. However, little is known about how hepatic and other non-hematopoietic progenitors potentially influence hematopoiesis and vice versa. The concurrent peaks of hepatic and hematopoietic progenitor proliferation during development indicate interactions that could possibly be mediated through cell-cell contact, extracellular matrices, cytokines and growth factors, or other signaling molecules. For example, hepatic progenitors, such as hepatic stem cells and hepatoblasts, possess characteristic surface markers that can be cleaved, giving rise to fragments of various lengths. A surface molecule of hepatoblasts has been demonstrated to play an essential role in hematopoiesis. Particularly, these effects on hematopoiesis were distinct, depending on whether it was membrane-bound or cleaved. In this review, the various hepatic and hematopoietic progenitor cell types are concisely described, and the current findings of their potential interactions are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schmelzer
- Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 3025 East Carson Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA.
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18
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Analysis of Hematopoietic Niche in the Mouse Embryo. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 30671734 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2018_176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The development, differentiation, and maturation of hematopoietic cells are regulated by the intrinsic and extrinsic regulation. Intrinsic activity is affected by cell autonomous gene expression and extrinsic factors originate from the so-called niche surrounding the hematopoietic cells. It remains unclear why the hematopoietic sites are shifted during embryogenesis. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry enable us to study embryonic regulation of hematopoietic niche in the mouse embryo.
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19
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Azzoni E, Frontera V, McGrath KE, Harman J, Carrelha J, Nerlov C, Palis J, Jacobsen SEW, de Bruijn MF. Kit ligand has a critical role in mouse yolk sac and aorta-gonad-mesonephros hematopoiesis. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:e45477. [PMID: 30166337 PMCID: PMC6172468 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies report on the in vivo requirement for hematopoietic niche factors in the mammalian embryo. Here, we comprehensively analyze the requirement for Kit ligand (Kitl) in the yolk sac and aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) niche. In-depth analysis of loss-of-function and transgenic reporter mouse models show that Kitl-deficient embryos harbor decreased numbers of yolk sac erythro-myeloid progenitor (EMP) cells, resulting from a proliferation defect following their initial emergence. This EMP defect causes a dramatic decrease in fetal liver erythroid cells prior to the onset of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-derived erythropoiesis, and a reduction in tissue-resident macrophages. Pre-HSCs in the AGM require Kitl for survival and maturation, but not proliferation. Although Kitl is expressed widely in all embryonic hematopoietic niches, conditional deletion in endothelial cells recapitulates germline loss-of-function phenotypes in AGM and yolk sac, with phenotypic HSCs but not EMPs remaining dependent on endothelial Kitl upon migration to the fetal liver. In conclusion, our data establish Kitl as a critical regulator in the in vivoAGM and yolk sac endothelial niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Azzoni
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vincent Frontera
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathleen E McGrath
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Joe Harman
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joana Carrelha
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claus Nerlov
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Palis
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sten Eirik W Jacobsen
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marella Ftr de Bruijn
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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20
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Yang L, Li LC, Wang X, Wang WH, Wang YC, Xu CR. The contributions of mesoderm-derived cells in liver development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 92:63-76. [PMID: 30193996 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver is an indispensable organ for metabolism and drug detoxification. The liver consists of endoderm-derived hepatobiliary lineages and various mesoderm-derived cells, and interacts with the surrounding tissues and organs through the ventral mesentery. Liver development, from hepatic specification to liver maturation, requires close interactions with mesoderm-derived cells, such as mesothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, mesenchymal cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells. These cells affect liver development through precise signaling events and even direct physical contact. Through the use of new techniques, emerging studies have recently led to a deeper understanding of liver development and its related mechanisms, especially the roles of mesodermal cells in liver development. Based on these developments, the current protocols for in vitro hepatocyte-like cell induction and liver-like tissue construction have been optimized and are of great importance for the treatment of liver diseases. Here, we review the roles of mesoderm-derived cells in the processes of liver development, hepatocyte-like cell induction and liver-like tissue construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lin-Chen Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yan-Chun Wang
- Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China.
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21
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Mir IN, Chalak LF, Liao J, Johnson-Welch S, Brown LS, Longoria C, Savani RC, Rosenfeld CR. Fetal-placental crosstalk occurs through fetal cytokine synthesis and placental clearance. Placenta 2018; 69:1-8. [PMID: 30213477 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines modulate fetal well-being and contribute to parturition. Their origin in fetal blood, whether maternal, placental or fetal, at the time of parturition remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine fetal and placental contributions to circulating fetal cytokines by measuring umbilical arterial (UmA) and venous (UmV) concentration differences in uncomplicated term pregnancies in the absence and presence of labor. METHODS Term uncomplicated pregnancies were assessed: Group 1 were not in labor and delivered by elective cesarean section (n = 20); Group 2 delivered vaginally following uncomplicated pregnancy and labor (n = 30). UmA and UmV blood was collected before delivery of the placenta to measure circulating cytokines. Placental tissue was collected for histology and to determine cytokine contents and localization. RESULTS Group 1 UmA and UmV IL-10 concentrations were similar (504 ± 15 and 468 ± 16 pg/ml, respectively; P ≥ 0.1); other cytokines were below level of detection. During labor, IL-10 concentrations increased 15-34%, but placental contents decreased. Group 2 UmA IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations increased (P < 0.001) to 16.7 ± 1.6 and 18.4 ± 4.3 pg/ml, respectively, but were less (P < 0.001) in UmV, 0.29 ± 0.2 and 0.74 ± 0.3 pg/ml, respectively, demonstrating placental clearances ≥97%. This was associated with >6-fold increases in placental IL-6/IL-8 contents (P < 0.001) and chorioamniotic infiltration of activated maternal neutrophils. IL-6 and IL-10 were localized to villous syncytiotrophoblasts. CONCLUSIONS In uncomplicated term pregnancies fetal circulating IL-10 is likely of placental origin, whereas IL-6/IL-8 are derived from the fetus, increase during parturition, and circulating levels are modulated by non-saturable placental clearance, revealing a novel pathway for fetal-placental crosstalk and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran N Mir
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA.
| | - Lina F Chalak
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
| | - Jie Liao
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
| | - Sarah Johnson-Welch
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
| | | | - Christopher Longoria
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
| | - Rashmin C Savani
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA; The Center for Pulmonary & Vascular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
| | - Charles R Rosenfeld
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
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22
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Neo WH, Booth CAG, Azzoni E, Chi L, Delgado-Olguín P, de Bruijn MF, Jacobsen SEW, Mead AJ. Cell-extrinsic hematopoietic impact of Ezh2 inactivation in fetal liver endothelial cells. Blood 2018; 131:2223-2234. [PMID: 29555646 PMCID: PMC5960588 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-10-811455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-established cell-intrinsic role of epigenetic factors in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, their cell-extrinsic role remains largely unexplored. Herein we investigated the hematopoietic impact of inactivating Ezh2, a key component of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), in the fetal liver (FL) vascular niche. Hematopoietic specific (Vav-iCre) Ezh2 inactivation enhanced FL hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) expansion with normal FL erythropoiesis. In contrast, endothelium (Tie2-Cre) targeted Ezh2 inactivation resulted in embryonic lethality with severe anemia at embryonic day 13.5 despite normal emergence of functional HSCs. Ezh2-deficient FL endothelium overexpressed Mmp9, which cell-extrinsically depleted the membrane-bound form of Kit ligand (mKitL), an essential hematopoietic cytokine, in FL. Furthermore, Mmp9 inhibition in vitro restored mKitL expression along with the erythropoiesis supporting capacity of FL endothelial cells. These data establish that Ezh2 is intrinsically dispensable for FL HSCs and provides proof of principle that modulation of epigenetic regulators in niche components can exert a marked cell-extrinsic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hao Neo
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. G. Booth
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuele Azzoni
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Lijun Chi
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Paul Delgado-Olguín
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Marella F.T.R. de Bruijn
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Sten Eirik W. Jacobsen
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, and Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adam J. Mead
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
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23
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Tan KS, Kulkeaw K, Nakanishi Y, Sugiyama D. Expression of cytokine and extracellular matrix mRNAs in fetal hepatic stellate cells. Genes Cells 2017; 22:836-844. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keai Sinn Tan
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Kasem Kulkeaw
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakanishi
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research; Kyushu University Hospital; Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiyama
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research; Kyushu University Hospital; Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
- Department of Clinical Study, Center for Advanced Medical Innovation; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
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24
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Yumine A, Fraser ST, Sugiyama D. Regulation of the embryonic erythropoietic niche: a future perspective. Blood Res 2017; 52:10-17. [PMID: 28401096 PMCID: PMC5383581 DOI: 10.5045/br.2017.52.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of red blood cells, termed erythropoiesis, occurs in two waves in the developing mouse embryo: first primitive erythropoiesis followed by definitive erythropoiesis. In the mouse embryo, both primitive and definitive erythropoiesis originates in the extra-embryonic yolk sac. The definitive wave then migrates to the fetal liver, fetal spleen and fetal bone marrow as these organs form. The fetal liver serves as the major organ for hematopoietic cell expansion and erythroid maturation after mid-gestation. The erythropoietic niche, which expresses critical cytokines such as stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO) and the insulin-like growth factors IGF1 and IGF2, supports hematopoietic expansion in the fetal liver. Previously, our group demonstrated that DLK1+ hepatoblasts support fetal liver hematopoiesis through erythropoietin and SCF release as well as extracellular matrix deposition. Loss of DLK1+ hepatoblasts in Map2k4−/− mouse embryos resulted in decreased numbers of hematopoietic cells in fetal liver. Genes encoding proteinases and peptidases were found to be highly expressed in DLK1+ hepatoblasts. Capitalizing on this knowledge, and working on the assumption that these proteinases and peptidases are generating small, potentially biologically active peptides, we assessed a range of peptides for their ability to support erythropoiesis in vitro. We identified KS-13 (PCT/JP2010/067011) as an erythropoietic peptide-a peptide which enhances the production of red blood cells from progenitor cells. Here, we discuss the elements regulating embryonic erythropoiesis with special attention to niche cells, and demonstrate how this knowledge can be applied in the identification of niche-derived peptides with potential therapeutic capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Yumine
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Stuart T Fraser
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.; Disciplines of Physiology, Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daisuke Sugiyama
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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25
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Guye P, Ebrahimkhani MR, Kipniss N, Velazquez JJ, Schoenfeld E, Kiani S, Griffith LG, Weiss R. Genetically engineering self-organization of human pluripotent stem cells into a liver bud-like tissue using Gata6. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10243. [PMID: 26732624 PMCID: PMC4729822 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have potential for personalized and regenerative medicine. While most of the methods using these cells have focused on deriving homogenous populations of specialized cells, there has been modest success in producing hiPSC-derived organotypic tissues or organoids. Here we present a novel approach for generating and then co-differentiating hiPSC-derived progenitors. With a genetically engineered pulse of GATA-binding protein 6 (GATA6) expression, we initiate rapid emergence of all three germ layers as a complex function of GATA6 expression levels and tissue context. Within 2 weeks we obtain a complex tissue that recapitulates early developmental processes and exhibits a liver bud-like phenotype, including haematopoietic and stromal cells as well as a neuronal niche. Collectively, our approach demonstrates derivation of complex tissues from hiPSCs using a single autologous hiPSCs as source and generates a range of stromal cells that co-develop with parenchymal cells to form tissues. There has been limited success in generating tissues from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Here, the authors genetically engineer expression of the transcription factor Gata6 in a single isogenic hiPSC population resulting in complex tissue structures that exhibit liver bud-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Guye
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,MIT Emergent Behaviors of Integrated Cellular Systems (EBICS) Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Synthetic Biology Center, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mohammad R Ebrahimkhani
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,MIT Emergent Behaviors of Integrated Cellular Systems (EBICS) Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Nathan Kipniss
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,MIT Emergent Behaviors of Integrated Cellular Systems (EBICS) Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Synthetic Biology Center, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jeremy J Velazquez
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Eldi Schoenfeld
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,MIT Emergent Behaviors of Integrated Cellular Systems (EBICS) Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Synthetic Biology Center, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Samira Kiani
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Synthetic Biology Center, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Linda G Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,MIT Emergent Behaviors of Integrated Cellular Systems (EBICS) Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ron Weiss
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,MIT Emergent Behaviors of Integrated Cellular Systems (EBICS) Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Synthetic Biology Center, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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26
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Tanaka Y, Inoue-Yokoo T, Kulkeaw K, Yanagi-Mizuochi C, Shirasawa S, Nakanishi Y, Sugiyama D. Embryonic Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Reside in Muscle before Bone Marrow Hematopoiesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138621. [PMID: 26389592 PMCID: PMC4577119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In mice, hematopoietic cells home to bone marrow from fetal liver prenatally. To elucidate mechanisms underlying homing, we performed immunohistochemistry with the hematopoietic cell marker c-Kit, and observed c-Kit(+) cells localized inside muscle surrounding bone after 14.5 days post coitum. Flow cytometric analysis showed that CD45(+) c-Kit(+) hematopoietic cells were more abundant in muscle than in bone marrow between 14.5 and 17.5 days post coitum, peaking at 16.5 days post coitum. CD45(+) c-Kit(+) cells in muscle at 16.5 days post coitum exhibited higher expression of Gata2, among several hematopoietic genes, than did fetal liver or bone marrow cells. Colony formation assays revealed that muscle hematopoietic cells possess hematopoietic progenitor activity. Furthermore, exo utero transplantation revealed that fetal liver hematopoietic progenitor cells home to muscle and then to BM. Our findings demonstrate that hematopoietic progenitor cell homing occurs earlier than previously reported and that hematopoietic progenitor cells reside in muscle tissue before bone marrow hematopoiesis occurs during mouse embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Tanaka
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka Japan
| | - Tomoko Inoue-Yokoo
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kasem Kulkeaw
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Senji Shirasawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakanishi
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiyama
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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27
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Making Blood: The Haematopoietic Niche throughout Ontogeny. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:571893. [PMID: 26113865 PMCID: PMC4465740 DOI: 10.1155/2015/571893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately one-quarter of all cells in the adult human body are blood cells. The haematopoietic system is therefore massive in scale and requires exquisite regulation to be maintained under homeostatic conditions. It must also be able to respond when needed, such as during infection or following blood loss, to produce more blood cells. Supporting cells serve to maintain haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells during homeostatic and pathological conditions. This coalition of supportive cell types, organised in specific tissues, is termed the haematopoietic niche. Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are generated in a number of distinct locations during mammalian embryogenesis. These stem and progenitor cells migrate to a variety of anatomical locations through the conceptus until finally homing to the bone marrow shortly before birth. Under stress, extramedullary haematopoiesis can take place in regions that are typically lacking in blood-producing activity. Our aim in this review is to examine blood production throughout the embryo and adult, under normal and pathological conditions, to identify commonalities and distinctions between each niche. A clearer understanding of the mechanism underlying each haematopoietic niche can be applied to improving ex vivo cultures of haematopoietic stem cells and potentially lead to new directions for transplantation medicine.
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28
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Tan KS, Inoue T, Kulkeaw K, Tanaka Y, Lai MI, Sugiyama D. Localized SCF and IGF-1 secretion enhances erythropoiesis in the spleen of murine embryos. Biol Open 2015; 4:596-607. [PMID: 25887124 PMCID: PMC4434811 DOI: 10.1242/bio.201410686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal spleen is a major hematopoietic site prior to initiation of bone marrow hematopoiesis. Morphologic analysis suggested erythropoietic activity in fetal spleen, but it remained unclear how erythropoiesis was regulated. To address this question, we performed flow cytometric analysis and observed that the number of spleen erythroid cells increased 18.6-fold from 16.5 to 19.5 days post-coitum (dpc). Among erythropoietic cytokines, SCF and IGF-1 were primarily expressed in hematopoietic, endothelial and mesenchymal-like fetal spleen cells. Cultures treated with SCF and/or IGF-1R inhibitors showed significantly decreased CD45−c-Kit−CD71+/−Ter119+ erythroid cells and downregulated Gata1, Klf1 and β-major globin expression. Administration of these inhibitors to pregnant mice significantly decreased the number of CD45−c-Kit−CD71+/−Ter119+ cells and downregulated β-major globin gene expression in embryos derived from these mice. We conclude that fetal spleen is a major erythropoietic site where endothelial and mesenchymal-like cells primarily accelerate erythropoietic activity through SCF and IGF-1 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keai Sinn Tan
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Tomoko Inoue
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Kasem Kulkeaw
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan Department of Clinical Study, Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Mei I Lai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Daisuke Sugiyama
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan Department of Clinical Study, Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
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29
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Xiao Y, Wei X, Jiang Z, Wang X, Ye W, Liu X, Zhang M, Xu Y, Wu D, Lai L, Yao H, Liu Z, Cao S, Liu P, Xu B, Li Y, Yao Y, Pei D, Li P. Loss of Angiopoietin-like 7 diminishes the regeneration capacity of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:7. [PMID: 25652910 PMCID: PMC4353465 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-014-0102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) would benefit the use of HSC transplants in the clinic. Angiopoietin-like 7 promotes the expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in vitro and ex vivo. However, the impact of loss of Angptl7 on HSPCs in vivo has not been characterized. Here, we generated Angptl7-deficient mice by TALEN-mediated gene targeting and found that HSC compartments in Angptl7-null mice were compromised. In addition, wild type (WT) HSPCs failed to repopulate in the BM of Angptl7-null mice after serial transplantations while the engraftment of Angptl7-deficient HSPCs in WT mice was not impaired. These results suggest that Angptl7 is required for HSPCs repopulation in a non-cell autonomous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, 7, Guangdong, 510530, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Xinru Wei
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, 7, Guangdong, 510530, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Zhiwu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, 7, Guangdong, 510530, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Xiangmeng Wang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, 7, Guangdong, 510530, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Minjie Zhang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, 7, Guangdong, 510530, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Liangxue Lai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, 7, Guangdong, 510530, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Huihui Yao
- Department of Outpatient, The 91th Military Hospital, 454003, Jiaozuo, China.
| | - Zixia Liu
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, The 91th Military Hospital, 454003, Jiaozuo, China.
| | - Su Cao
- Division of General Pediatrics, The 91th Military Hospital, 454003, Jiaozuo, China.
| | - Pentao Liu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, England, UK.
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yao Yao
- Drug Discovery Pipeline, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Duanqing Pei
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, 7, Guangdong, 510530, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, 7, Guangdong, 510530, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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30
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Kim DW, Young SL, Grattan DR, Jasoni CL. Obesity during pregnancy disrupts placental morphology, cell proliferation, and inflammation in a sex-specific manner across gestation in the mouse. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:130. [PMID: 24829026 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.117259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-accepted that maternal obesity affects fetal development to elevate the risk of offspring disease, but how this happens is unclear. Understanding placental alterations during gestation as a consequence of maternal obesity is critical to understanding the impact of maternal obesity on fetal programming. Here, we used histological criteria, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, and multiplex cytokine assays to examine changes in cell proliferation and inflammation in the placenta during gestation in a mouse model of maternal high-fat diet-induced obesity. We focused on mouse mid- to late gestation (approximately human late first and third trimester) because previous literature has indicated that this is when important regulators of metabolism, including that of the brain and endocrine pancreas, are forming. These studies were undertaken in order to understand how maternal obesity changes the placenta during this period, which might suggest a causal link to later-life metabolic dysfunction. We found that labyrinth thickness and cell proliferation were decreased at both pregnancy stages in obese compared to normal weight pregnancies. Inflammation was also altered in late pregnancy with increased macrophage activation and elevated cytokine gene expression in the placenta as well as increased abundance of some cytokines in the fetal circulation in obese compared to normal weight pregnancies. These changes in macrophage activation and cytokine gene expression were of greater magnitude and significance in placentas accompanying male fetuses. These data provide insight into placental changes in obesity and identify potential links between placental inflammation and programming of offspring disease by maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Won Kim
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah L Young
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David R Grattan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Christine L Jasoni
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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31
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Inoue-Yokoo T, Tani K, Sugiyama D. Mesodermal and hematopoietic differentiation from ES and iPS cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 9:422-34. [PMID: 22684542 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can differentiate into any type of tissue when grown in a suitable culture environment and are considered valuable tools for regenerative medicine. In the field of hematology, generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mature hematopoietic cells (HCs) from ES and iPS cells through mesodermal cells, the ancestors of HCs, can facilitate transplantation and transfusion therapy. Several studies report generation of functional HCs from both mouse and human ES and iPS cells. This approach will likely be applied to individual patient-derived iPS cells for regenerative medicine approaches and drug screening in the future. Here, we summarize current studies of HC-generation from ES and iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Inoue-Yokoo
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Advanced Medical Initiatives, Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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32
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Abstract
Liver is a prime organ responsible for synthesis, metabolism, and detoxification. The organ is endodermal in origin and its development is regulated by temporal, complex, and finely balanced cellular and molecular interactions that dictate its origin, growth, and maturation. We discuss the relevance of endoderm patterning, which truly is the first step toward mapping of domains that will give rise to specific organs. Once foregut patterning is completed, certain cells within the foregut endoderm gain competence in the form of expression of certain transcription factors that allow them to respond to certain inductive signals. Hepatic specification is then a result of such inductive signals, which often emanate from the surrounding mesenchyme. During hepatic specification bipotential hepatic stem cells or hepatoblasts become apparent and undergo expansion, which results in a visible liver primordium during the stage of hepatic morphogenesis. Hepatoblasts next differentiate into either hepatocytes or cholangiocytes. The expansion and differentiation is regulated by cellular and molecular interactions between hepatoblasts and mesenchymal cells including sinusoidal endothelial cells, stellate cells, and also innate hematopoietic elements. Further maturation of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes continues during late hepatic development as a function of various growth factors. At this time, liver gains architectural novelty in the form of zonality and at cellular level acquires polarity. A comprehensive elucidation of such finely tuned developmental cues have been the basis of transdifferentiation of various types of stem cells to hepatocyte-like cells for purposes of understanding health and disease and for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghun Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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33
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Sugiyama D, Sasaki T. Isolation of embryonic hematopoietic niche cells by flow cytometry and laser capture microdissection. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1035:57-65. [PMID: 23959982 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-508-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can differentiate into several types of hematopoietic cells, such as erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, or macrophages, and also undergo self-renewal to sustain hematopoiesis throughout an organism's lifetime. HSCs emerge and expand during mouse embryogenesis. HSC regulation is governed by two types of activity: intrinsic activity programmed primarily by cell autonomous gene expression, and extrinsic factors, which originate from the so-called niche cells surrounding HSCs. Previously, we reported that endothelial niche cells regulate HSC generation at aorta-gonad-mesonephros region and placenta, and that hepatoblastic niche cells regulate HSC differentiation in mouse embryonic liver. In the course of those studies, we employed immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and the laser capture microdissection system to assess embryonic regulation of the mouse hematopoietic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sugiyama
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Advanced Medical Initiatives, Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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34
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Payushina OV. Hematopoietic Microenvironment in the Fetal Liver: Roles of Different Cell Populations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/979480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is the main function of the liver during a considerable period of mammalian prenatal development. Hematopoietic cells of the fetal liver exist in a specific microenvironment that controls their proliferation and differentiation. This microenvironment is created by different cell populations, including epitheliocytes, macrophages, various stromal elements (hepatic stellate cells, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, mesenchymal stromal cells), and also cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. This paper considers the involvement of these cell types in the regulation of fetal liver hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Payushina
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
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35
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TGF-beta-1 up-regulates extra-cellular matrix production in mouse hepatoblasts. Mech Dev 2012; 130:195-206. [PMID: 23041440 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fetal liver is the major embryonic hematopoietic organ and is extrinsically colonized by circulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Integrin beta-1 expression on HSCs is crucial for colonization, suggesting that interaction of Integrin beta-1 with extra-cellular matrix (ECM) factors promotes HSC adherence to fetal liver. However, little is known about how ECM production is regulated in fetal liver. Here we used flow cytometry to sort fetal liver compartments and detected ECM gene and protein expression predominantly in sorted hepatoblasts. mRNA and protein analysis suggested that TGF-beta-1 expressed by hepatoblasts, sinusoid endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells, binds to the TGF-beta receptor type-2 expressed on hepatoblasts to stimulate ECM production. Intra-cardiac injection of TGF-inhibitors into mouse embryos dramatically decreased fetal liver ECM gene expression. Taken together, our observations suggest that hepatoblasts predominantly produce ECM factors under control of TGF-beta-1 in fetal liver.
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36
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Sugiyama D, Inoue-Yokoo T, Fraser ST, Kulkeaw K, Mizuochi C, Horio Y. Embryonic regulation of the mouse hematopoietic niche. ScientificWorldJournal 2011; 11:1770-80. [PMID: 22125435 PMCID: PMC3201691 DOI: 10.1100/2011/598097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can differentiate into several types of hematopoietic cells (HCs) (such as erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, or macrophages) and also undergo self-renewal to sustain hematopoiesis throughout an organism's lifetime. HSCs are currently used clinically as transplantation therapy in regenerative medicine and are typically obtained from healthy donors or cord blood. However, problems remain in HSC transplantation, such as shortage of cells, donor risks, rejection, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Thus, increased understanding of HSC regulation should enable us to improve HSC therapy and develop novel regenerative medicine techniques. HSC regulation is governed by two types of activity: intrinsic regulation, programmed primarily by cell autonomous gene expression, and extrinsic factors, which originate from so-called "niche cells" surrounding HSCs. Here, we focus on the latter and discuss HSC regulation with special emphasis on the role played by niche cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sugiyama
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Advanced Medical Initiatives, Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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