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Kang R, Huang L, Zeng T, Ma J, Jin D. Long non-coding TRPM2-AS regulates fracture healing by targeting miR-545-3p/Bmp2. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:466. [PMID: 39118176 PMCID: PMC11308420 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delayed fracture healing increases the suffering of patients. An in-depth investigation of the pathogenesis of delayed fracture healing may offer new direction for the prevention and treatment. METHODS The study included 63 normal healing tibial fractures and 58 delayed healing tibial fractures patients. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)TRPM2-AS, microRNA-545-3p (miR-545-3p), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2) mRNA and osteogenic differentiation markers, including runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteocalcin (Ocn), and alkaline phosphatase (Alp) mRNA expression were determined by Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in serum and MC3T3-E1 cells. The prediction potential of TRPM2-AS in delayed healing fracture patients was verified by receiver operating characteristic curves. The binding relationship of TRPM2-AS/miR-545-3p/Bmp2 was evaluated by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometry. RESULTS TRPM2-AS was remarkably down-regulated in patients with delayed fracture healing and could better predict the fracture healing status. TRPM2-AS downregulation inhibited osteogenic markers mRNA expression, restrained proliferation, and promoted apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells (p < 0.05). In delayed fracture healing, miR-545-3p was dramatically up-regulated and was negatively regulated by TRPM2-AS. Reducing miR-545-3p eliminate the negative effect of TRPM2-AS down-regulation on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation (p < 0.05). miR-545-3p targets Bmp2, which plays a positive role in osteoblast differentiation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study found that TRPM2-AS has the potential to be a diagnostic marker for delayed fracture healing and revealed that the TRPM2-AS/miR-545-3p/Bmp2 axis affects fracture healing by regulating osteoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University First Hospital Taiyuan Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Lina Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Teng Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, No. 8, Hangkong Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou, 434000, China
| | - Jinliang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, No. 8, Hangkong Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
| | - Danjie Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Gehu Middle Road, Wujin District, Changzhou, 213000, China.
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Jeong JO, Jeong SI, Lim YM, Park JS. Effective BMP-2 Release and Mineralization on a Graphene Oxide/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Hydrogel Forming Poly (ε-Caprolactone) Nanofibrous Scaffolds. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8642. [PMID: 36500136 PMCID: PMC9740667 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PCL nanofibrous scaffolds are widely used as bone scaffolds, and they can increase the efficiency of bone regeneration by loading drugs and/or growth factors onto them. However, to obtain a more effective bone regeneration effect, it is necessary to increase drug loading and release efficiency. In this study, conductive hydrogel forming nanofibrous scaffolds were prepared to increase drug efficiency. GO has an excellent conductivity and biocompatibility, making it an efficient conductive polymer for bone differentiation. Electrospun PCL was immersed in a mixed solution of GO and PVP and then crosslinked using gamma-ray irradiation. It was confirmed that GO/PVP-PCL was successfully prepared through its characterization (morphology, thermal, chemical, electrical, and biological properties). In addition, drug-release efficiency was confirmed by electrical stimulation after loading the sample with BMP-2, a bone-regeneration growth factor. Compared to PCL, it was confirmed that GO/PVP-PCL has an approximately 20% improved drug-release efficiency and an excellent mineralization of the scaffolds using SBF. After culturing MG63 cells on GO/PVP-PCL, a high effect on osteodifferentiation was confirmed by ALP activity. Therefore, GO/PVP-PCL prepared by a gamma-ray-induced crosslinking reaction is expected to be used as biomaterial for bone-tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Oh Jeong
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine (WFIRM), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Sung-In Jeong
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup-si 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Mook Lim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup-si 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup-si 56212, Republic of Korea
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Gultian KA, Gandhi R, DeCesari K, Romiyo V, Kleinbart EP, Martin K, Gentile PM, Kim TWB, Vega SL. Injectable hydrogel with immobilized BMP-2 mimetic peptide for local bone regeneration. FRONTIERS IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE 2022; 1. [PMID: 37090104 PMCID: PMC10120851 DOI: 10.3389/fbiom.2022.948493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density, thereby increasing the risk of sustaining a fragility fracture. Most medical therapies are systemic and do not restore bone in areas of need, leading to undesirable side effects. Injectable hydrogels can locally deliver therapeutics with spatial precision, and this study reports the development of an injectable hydrogel containing a peptide mimic of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). To create injectable hydrogels, hyaluronic acid was modified with norbornene (HANor) or tetrazine (HATet) which upon mixing click into covalently crosslinked Nor-Tet hydrogels. By modifying HANor macromers with methacrylates (Me), thiolated BMP-2 mimetic peptides were immobilized to HANor via a Michael addition reaction, and coupling was confirmed with 1H NMR spectroscopy. BMP-2 peptides presented in soluble and immobilized form increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression in MSCs cultured on 2D and encapsulated in 3D Nor-Tet hydrogels. Injection of bioactive Nor-Tet hydrogels into hollow intramedullary canals of Lewis rat femurs showed a local increase in trabecular bone density as determined by micro-CT imaging. The presented work shows that injectable hydrogels with immobilized BMP-2 peptides are a promising biomaterial for the local regeneration of bone tissue and for the potential local treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstene A. Gultian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
| | - Roshni Gandhi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
| | - Kayla DeCesari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
| | - Vineeth Romiyo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Emily P. Kleinbart
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Kelsey Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Pietro M. Gentile
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Tae Won B. Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Sebastián L. Vega
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
- CORRESPONDENCE Sebastián L. Vega,
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Skuqi E, Kola I, Kola SMS. The Impact of Osteoporotic Fractures on Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Work Disability. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the one of most common chronic metabolic bone disease, which is characterized by increased bone fragility, which is highly affected by age and menopause.1 According to the International Osteoporosis Foundation, one in three women over the age of 50 experience at least once in a lifetime a fracture as a result of osteoporosis, which on another hand is a cause for work disability.2,3
Objective: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the economic and social impact of work disability, caused by fractures as a result of osteoporosis on patients with RA.
Material and Methods: The study included 50 patients, diagnosed with RA and osteoporosis, which have had at least one fracture during their course of disease. The data were obtained in the Regional Hospital of Elbasan and the main focus was the duration of work disability.
Results: The research concluded that approximately 20% of the patients required a long term disability benefit after suffering a fracture. Furthermore, the majority of the patients were reluctant to go back to work after suffering the consequences of the fracture, mainly due to pain and inability to properly move.
Conclusion: Fractures due to osteoporosis on patients with RA have an increasing impact in work disability and life quality. The majority of the patients taken into research have benefited from work disability policies, whether short or long-term.
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Exposure to Random Positioning Machine Alters the Mineralization Process and PTX3 Expression in the SAOS-2 Cell Line. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050610. [PMID: 35629278 PMCID: PMC9143356 DOI: 10.3390/life12050610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone loss is among the most frequent changes seen in astronauts during space missions. Although weightlessness is known to cause high bone resorption and a rapid decrease in bone minerals and calcium, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In our work, we investigated the influence of random positioning machine (RPM) exposure on the mineralization process in the SAOS-2 cell line, in osteogenic and non-osteogenic conditions, by examining changes in their mineralizing capacity and in the expression of PTX3, a positive regulator of bone mineralization. We analyzed cell viability by MTS assay and the mineralization process after staining with Toluidine Blue and Alizarin Red, while PTX3 expression was investigated by immunocytochemistry and western blotting analysis. Our results showed that RPM exposure increased cells’ viability and improved their mineralizing competence when not treated with osteogenic cocktail. In contrast, in osteogenic conditions, cells exposed to RPM showed a reduction in the presence of calcification-like structures, mineral deposits and PTX3 expression, suggesting that the effects of RPM exposure on mineralizing matrix deposition depend on the presence of osteogenic factors in the culture medium. Further studies will be needed to clarify the role of potential mineralization markers in the cellular response to the simulated biological effects of microgravity, paving the way for a new approach to treating osteoporosis in astronauts exposed to spaceflight.
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Gupta A, Tripathi L, Pandey S, Dwivedi D. Biology of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Skeleton Disease: Osteonecrosis
in Sickle Cell Disease Patients. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2022; 23:264-270. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203723666220530104442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive trait of genetic hemoglobin disorder whose prevalence is varied from 5 to 25 % of the world population. It is characterized by the presence of hemoglobin (HbS) instead of normal hemoglobin (HbA). An individual suffering from sickle cell disease is likely to be at risk of osteonecrosis which is a form of ischemic bone infarction which causes intolerable degenerative joint problems and can affect 30-50% of people with sickle cell disease. The femoral head is the most frequent epiphyseal location in osteonecrosis with sickle cell disease. In this review, the Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-a subfamily of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) characteristics, outlined the osteoblastogenesis potentiality via using combinatorial or advanced treatment approaches. In this review, we aim to describe the Bone morphogenetic proteins' role in Skeleton diseases and discuss the potent osteogenic BMPs (majorly BMP-2, BMP-6, and BMP-7) with therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Gupta
- Shyam Shah Medical College, Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Rewa, M.P., India
| | - Lokesh Tripathi
- Department of Pathology, Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, M.P., India
| | - Sanjay Pandey
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, India
| | - Deepak Dwivedi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, India
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Kim HJ, Kim KH, Lee YM, Ku Y, Rhyu IC, Seol YJ. In ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic rat models, BMP-2 substantially reversed an impaired alveolar bone regeneration whereas PDGF-BB failed. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6159-6170. [PMID: 33939007 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We previously suggested an ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporotic rat model showing an impaired alveolar bone defect healing. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) on alveolar bone defect healing in OVX-induced osteoporotic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of forty-one female rats were divided into four groups: a collagen group (n=10), a PDGF-BB group (n=11), a BMP-2 group (n=10), and a control group (n=10). Four months after OVX, alveolar bone drill-hole defects were created and grafted with collagen gel, rhPDGF-BB/collagen gel, or rhBMP-2/collagen gel. The defects in the control group were not grafted with any material. Defect healing was evaluated by histological, histomorphometric, and microcomputed tomographic (micro-CT) analyses at 2 and 4 weeks. RESULTS According to the micro-CT analysis, the BMP-2 group exhibited the greatest bone volume fraction among all groups, while the PDGF-BB group did not show significant differences compared with the collagen group. The histomorphometric analysis showed a significantly larger amount of new bone area in the BMP-2 group than in the control and collagen groups at 4 weeks; however, the PDGF-BB group did not reach significant superiority compared with the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Alveolar bone regeneration was significantly enhanced by the local use of rhBMP-2/collagen gel compared with the use of rhPDGF-BB/collagen gel in OVX-induced osteoporotic rats. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A treatment modality using rhBMP-2 may be a promising approach to promote alveolar bone regeneration in patients suffering from postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Kim
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, 101 Daehakno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hwa Kim
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehakno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Yong-Moo Lee
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehakno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Young Ku
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehakno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - In-Chul Rhyu
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehakno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Yang-Jo Seol
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehakno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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Wu X, Zhang T, Hoff B, Suvarnapathaki S, Lantigua D, McCarthy C, Wu B, Camci‐Unal G. Mineralized Hydrogels Induce Bone Regeneration in Critical Size Cranial Defects. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001101. [PMID: 32940013 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sequential mineralization enables the integration of minerals within the 3D structure of hydrogels. Hydrolyzed collagen-based hydrogels are sequentially mineralized over 10 cycles. One cycle is defined as an incubation period in calcium chloride dihydrate followed by incubation in sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate. Separate cycles are completed at 30-minute and 24-hour intervals. For the gels mineralized for 30 min and 24 h, the compressive moduli increases from 4.25 to 87.57 kPa and from 4.25 to 125.47 kPa, respectively, as the cycle number increases from 0 to 10. As indicated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) analyses, the minerals in the scaffolds are mainly hydroxyapatite. In vitro experiments, which measure mechanical properties, porous structure, mineral content, and gene expression are performed to evaluate the physical properties and osteoinductivity of the scaffolds. Real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) demonstrates 4-10 fold increase in the expression of BMP-7 and osteocalcin. The in vivo subcutaneous implantation demonstrates that the scaffolds are biocompatible and 90% biodegradable. The critical size cranial defects in vivo exhibit nearly complete bone regeneration. Cycle 10 hydrogels mineralized for 24 h have a volume of 59.86 mm3 and a density of 1946.45 HU. These results demonstrate the suitability of sequentially mineralized hydrogel scaffolds for bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA 01854 USA
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA 01854 USA
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery Sanbo Brain Hospital Capital Medicine University Beijing 100069 China
| | - Brianna Hoff
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA 01854 USA
| | - Sanika Suvarnapathaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA 01854 USA
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA 01854 USA
| | - Darlin Lantigua
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA 01854 USA
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA 01854 USA
| | - Colleen McCarthy
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA 01854 USA
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery Sanbo Brain Hospital Capital Medicine University Beijing 100069 China
| | - Gulden Camci‐Unal
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA 01854 USA
- Department of Surgery University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA 01605 USA
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Kangari P, Talaei-Khozani T, Razeghian-Jahromi I, Razmkhah M. Mesenchymal stem cells: amazing remedies for bone and cartilage defects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:492. [PMID: 33225992 PMCID: PMC7681994 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal disorders are among the leading debilitating factors affecting millions of people worldwide. The use of stem cells for tissue repair has raised many promises in various medical fields, including skeletal disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells with mesodermal and neural crest origin. These cells are one of the most attractive candidates in regenerative medicine, and their use could be helpful in repairing and regeneration of skeletal disorders through several mechanisms including homing, angiogenesis, differentiation, and response to inflammatory condition. The most widely studied sources of MSCs are bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue, muscle, umbilical cord (UC), umbilical cord blood (UCB), placenta (PL), Wharton's jelly (WJ), and amniotic fluid. These cells are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myocytes in vitro. MSCs obtained from various sources have diverse capabilities of secreting many different cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines. It is believed that the salutary effects of MSCs from different sources are not alike in terms of repairing or reformation of injured skeletal tissues. Accordingly, differential identification of MSCs' secretome enables us to make optimal choices in skeletal disorders considering various sources. This review discusses and compares the therapeutic abilities of MSCs from different sources for bone and cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Kangari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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A Synthetic Peptide, CK2.3, Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis through BMPRIa and ERK Signaling Pathway. J Dev Biol 2020; 8:jdb8030012. [PMID: 32660129 PMCID: PMC7557985 DOI: 10.3390/jdb8030012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeletal system plays an important role in the development and maturation process. Through the bone remodeling process, 10% of the skeletal system is renewed every year. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are two major bone cells that are involved in the development of the skeletal system, and their activity is kept in balance. An imbalance between their activities can lead to diseases such as osteoporosis that are characterized by significant bone loss due to the overactivity of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Our laboratory has developed a novel peptide, CK2.3, which works as both an anabolic and anti-resorptive agent to induce bone formation and prevent bone loss. We previously reported that CK2.3 mediated mineralization and osteoblast development through the SMAD, ERK, and AKT signaling pathways. In this study, we demonstrated the mechanism by which CK2.3 inhibits osteoclast development. We showed that the inhibition of MEK by the U0126 inhibitor rescued the osteoclast development of RAW264.7 induced by RANKL in a co-culture system with CK2.3. We observed that CK2.3 induced ERK activation and BMPRIa expression on Day 1 after stimulation with CK2.3. While CK2.3 was previously reported to induce the SMAD signaling pathway in osteoblast development, we did not observe any changes in SMAD activation in osteoclast development with CK2.3 stimulation. Understanding the mechanism by which CK2.3 inhibits osteoclast development will allow CK2.3 to be developed as a new treatment for osteoporosis.
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Halloran D, Vrathasha V, Durbano HW, Nohe A. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Conjugated to Quantum Dot ®s is Biologically Functional. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061208. [PMID: 32575709 PMCID: PMC7353091 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Quantum Dot®s (QDot®s) are novel, semi-conductive nanostructures that emit a certain fluorescence when excited by specific wavelengths. QDot®s are more photostable, brighter, and photobleach less than other fluorescent dyes. These characteristics give them the potential to be used in many biological applications. The shells of QDot®s are coated with functional groups, such as carboxylate and organic groups, allowing them to couple to peptides/proteins and be used for real-time imaging and high-resolution microscopy. Here, we utilize Quantum Dot®s and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) to create a BMP-2-QDot®s conjugate. BMP-2 is a growth factor that drives many processes such as cardiogenesis, neural growth, and osteogenesis. Despite its numerous roles, the trafficking and uptake of BMP-2 into cells is not well-established, especially during progression of diseases. The results presented here demonstrate for the first time a fluorescent BMP-2 analog that binds to the BMP-receptors (BMPRs), remains biologically active, and is stable for long time periods. Previous attempts to develop a biological BMP-2 analog with Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) or nanodiamonds lacked data on the analog’s stability. Furthermore, these analogs did not address whether they can signal within the cell by binding to the BMPRs or were mediated by non-stable conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anja Nohe
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-302-831-6977
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García-García P, Reyes R, Pérez-Herrero E, Arnau MR, Évora C, Delgado A. Alginate-hydrogel versus alginate-solid system. Efficacy in bone regeneration in osteoporosis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 115:111009. [PMID: 32600680 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, two different PLGA-Alginate scaffolds, a hydrogel (HY) and a solid sponge (SS), were developed for β-estradiol and BMP-2 sustained delivery for bone regeneration in osteoporosis. β-Estradiol and BMP-2 were encapsulated in PLGA and PLGA-Alginate microspheres respectively. Scaffolds were characterized in vitro in terms of porosity, water uptake, release rate and HY rheological properties. BMP-2 release profiles were also analysed in vivo. The bone regeneration induced by both HY and SS was evaluated using a critical-sized bone defect in an osteoporotic (OP) rat model. Compared to HY, SS presented 30% higher porosity, more than double water absorption capacity and almost negligible mass loss compared to the 40% of HY. Both systems were flexible and fit well the defect shape, however, HY has the advantage of being injectable. Despite both delivery systems had similar composition and release profile, bone repair was around 30% higher with SS than with HY, possibly due to its longer residence time at the defect site. The incorporation of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from OP rats did not result in any improvement or synergistic effect on bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia García-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ricardo Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Edgar Pérez-Herrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - María Rosa Arnau
- Servicio de Estabulario, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Carmen Évora
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Araceli Delgado
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain.
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Chen W, Chen X, Chen AC, Shi Q, Pan G, Pei M, Yang H, Liu T, He F. Melatonin restores the osteoporosis-impaired osteogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by preserving SIRT1-mediated intracellular antioxidant properties. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:92-106. [PMID: 31669348 PMCID: PMC9805353 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.10.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (OP) is one of the most common bone diseases that affects millions of aging women. Reduced osteogenesis and increased oxidative stress have been implicated in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) derived from OP patients. Melatonin has shown positive effects on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation; however, it was unknown whether melatonin could restore OP-impaired osteogenic potential of BMMSCs and what the underlying mechanisms entailed. The objective of this study is to investigate (1) whether melatonin can restore the impaired osteogenic potential of OP BMMSCs by preserving their antioxidant functions, and if so, (2) whether intravenous administration of melatonin can prevent OP-induced bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Ovariectomies were performed in female rats and BMMSCs were isolated from the osteoporotic rats 3 months later. In vitro treatment with melatonin successfully improved the osteogenic differentiation of OP BMMSCs, as evidenced by increased levels of matrix mineralization and osteoblast-specific genes. In melatonin-treated OP BMMSCs, intracellular oxidative stress was significantly attenuated, while levels of intracellular antioxidant enzymes were noticeably up-regulated - particularly superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1). Silent information regulator type 1 (SIRT1) was involved in the melatonin-mediated recovery of osteogenesis and antioxidant functions. Meanwhile, in vivo injections of melatonin via the tail vein successfully ameliorated the bone micro-architecture in ovariectomized rat femurs. Further experiments confirmed that BMMSCs derived from melatonin-treated OVX rats exerted well-preserved antioxidant properties and osteogenic potential. Our findings demonstrate that the administration of melatonin is a promising strategy for treating patients with postmenopausal OP by preserving the antioxidant properties and osteogenic potential of their BMMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikai Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215007, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215007, China
| | - Angela Carley Chen
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Qin Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215007, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215007, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Fan He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215007, China.
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Zhao B, Xing G, Wang A. The BMP signaling pathway enhances the osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rats with osteoporosis. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:462. [PMID: 31870454 PMCID: PMC6929417 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was conducted with the aim of exploring the effect of the BMP signaling pathway on osteoblastic differentiation in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) in rats with osteoporosis (OP). Methods The bilateral ovaries of female SD rats were resected for the establishment of a rat OP model. The osteoblastic differentiation of isolated rBMSCs was identified through osteogenic induction. Adipogenetic induction and flow cytometry (FCM) were used to detect adipogenic differentiation and the expression of rBMSC surface markers. The rBMSCs were grouped into the blank group, NC group, si-BMP2 group, and oe-BMP2 group. The expression levels of key factors and osteogenesis-related factors were determined by Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The formation of calcified nodules was observed by alizarin red staining. ALP activity was measured by alkaline phosphatase staining. Results The rats with OP had greater weight but decreased bone mineral density (BMD) than normal rats (all P < 0.01). The rBMSCs from rats with OP were capable of osteoblastic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation and showed high expression of CD44 (91.3 ± 2.9%) and CD105 (94.8 ± 2.1%). Compared with the blank group, the oe-BMP2 group had elevated BMP-2 and Smad1 levels and an increase in calcified nodules and ALP-positive staining areas (all P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression levels of Runx2, OC, and OPN in the oe-BMP2 group were relatively higher than those in the blank group (all P < 0.05). The findings in the si-BMP2 group were opposite to those in the oe-BMP2 group. Conclusion BMP signaling pathways activated by BMP-2 can promote the osteoblastic differentiation of rBMSCs from rats with OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Orthopaedic, General Hospital of Chinese Armed Police Forces, 69 Yongding Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gengyan Xing
- Department of Orthopaedic, General Hospital of Chinese Armed Police Forces, 69 Yongding Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiyuan Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
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Corrigan MA, Coyle S, Eichholz KF, Riffault M, Lenehan B, Hoey DA. Aged Osteoporotic Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Demonstrate Defective Recruitment, Mechanosensitivity, and Matrix Deposition. Cells Tissues Organs 2019; 207:83-96. [PMID: 31655814 DOI: 10.1159/000503444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation requires the replenishment of the osteoblast from a progenitor or stem cell population, which must be recruited, expanded, and differentiated to ensure continued anabolism. How this occurs and whether it is altered in the osteoporotic environment is poorly understood. Furthermore, given that emerging treatments for osteoporosis are targeting this progenitor population, it is critical to determine the regenerative capacity of this cell type in the setting of osteoporosis. Human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSCs) from a cohort of aged osteoporotic patients were compared to MSCs isolated from healthy donors in terms of the ability to undergo recruitment and proliferation, and also respond to both the biophysical and biochemical cues that drive osteogenic matrix deposition. hMSCs isolated from healthy donors demonstrate good recruitment, mechanosensitivity, proliferation, and differentiation capacity. Contrastingly, hMSCs isolated from aged osteoporotic patients had significantly diminished regenerative potential. Interestingly, we demonstrated that osteoporotic hMSCs no longer responded to chemokine-directing recruitment and became desensitised to mechanical stimulation. The osteoporotic MSCs had a reduced proliferative potential and, importantly, they demonstrated an attenuated differentiation capability with reduced mineral and lipid formation. Moreover, during osteogenesis, despite minimal differences in the quantity of deposited collagen, the distribution of collagen was dramatically altered in osteoporosis, suggesting a potential defect in matrix quality. Taken together, this study has demonstrated that hMSCs isolated from aged osteoporotic patients demonstrate defective cell behaviour on multiple fronts, resulting in a significantly reduced regenerative potential, which must be considered during the development of new anabolic therapies that target this cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele A Corrigan
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Coyle
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kian F Eichholz
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mathieu Riffault
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Lenehan
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - David A Hoey
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, .,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, .,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin & RCSI, Dublin, Ireland,
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16
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Improvement in viability and mineralization of osteoporotic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell through combined application of photobiomodulation therapy and oxytocin. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 35:557-566. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Hendrijantini N, Hartono P, Ari MDA, Rantan FA. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem-Cell Therapy to Increase the Density of Osteoporotic Mandibular Bone. Eur J Dent 2019; 13:58-63. [PMID: 31170758 PMCID: PMC6635969 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1688527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem-cell (hUCMSC) therapy in increasing osteoporotic mandibular bone density in a rat model by determining changes in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, type 1 collagen, and trabecular bone area after treatment.
Materials and Methods
This research adopted an experimental posttest-only control group design. Thirty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups, namely, a control group with rats postsham surgery (T1), osteoporotic model postovariectomy rats (T2), postovariectomy rats 4 weeks after gelatin injection (T3), postovariectomy rats 8 weeks after gelatin injection (T4), postovariectomy rats 4 weeks after hUCMSC injection (T5), and postovariectomy rats 8 weeks after hUCMSC injection (T6). The rats were all sacrificed for histological and immunohistochemical examinations of ALP, osteocalcin, type 1 collagen, and trabecular bone area.
Results
Increased expression of ALP, type 1 collagen, and osteocalcin, as well as increased trabecular bone area, was observed in the treatment groups compared with that in the osteoporotic groups.
Conclusion
hUCMSCs produce significant osteogenic effects and increase osteoporotic mandibular bone density in the animal model. Increases in bone density are demonstrated by the higher levels of ALP, osteocalcin, and type 1 collagen, as well as increases in the trabecular bone area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nike Hendrijantini
- Department of Prosthodontic, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Poedjo Hartono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Fedik Abdul Rantan
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) constitute the largest subdivision of the transforming growth factor-β family of ligands. BMPs exhibit widespread utility and pleiotropic, context-dependent effects, and the strength and duration of BMP pathway signaling is tightly regulated at numerous levels via mechanisms operating both inside and outside the cell. Defects in the BMP pathway or its regulation underlie multiple human diseases of different organ systems. Yet much remains to be discovered about the BMP pathway in its original context, i.e., the skeleton. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the intricacies of the BMP pathway and its inhibitors in bone development, homeostasis, and disease. We frame the content of the review around major unanswered questions for which incomplete evidence is available. First, we consider the gene regulatory network downstream of BMP signaling in osteoblastogenesis. Next, we examine why some BMP ligands are more osteogenic than others and what factors limit BMP signaling during osteoblastogenesis. Then we consider whether specific BMP pathway components are required for normal skeletal development, and if the pathway exerts endogenous effects in the aging skeleton. Finally, we propose two major areas of need of future study by the field: greater resolution of the gene regulatory network downstream of BMP signaling in the skeleton, and an expanded repertoire of reagents to reliably and specifically inhibit individual BMP pathway components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Lowery
- Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana ; and Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana ; and Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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Li X, Zheng Y, Zheng Y, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Jia L, Li W. Circular RNA CDR1as regulates osteoblastic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells via the miR-7/GDF5/SMAD and p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:232. [PMID: 30170617 PMCID: PMC6119336 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0976-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are considered as candidate cells for the regeneration of periodontal and alveolar bone tissues. Antisense to the cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 transcript (CDR1as), which is a newly discovered circular RNA (circRNA), has been reported to act as an miR-7 sponge and to be involved in many biological processes. Here, we investigated the potential roles of CDR1as and miR-7 in the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. Methods The expression pattern of CDR1as and miR-7 in PDLSCs during osteogenesis was detected by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Then we overexpressed or knocked down CDR1as or miR-7 to confirm whether they were involved in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation in PDLSCs. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red S (ARS) staining were used to detect the activity of osteoblasts and mineral deposition. Furthermore, a dual luciferase reporter assay was conducted to analyze the binding of miR-7 to growth differentiation factor (GDF)5. To further verify the role of CDR1as in osteoblast differentiation, we conducted animal experiments in vivo. New bone formation in specimens was analyzed by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunofluorescence staining. Results We observed that CDR1as was significantly upregulated during the osteogenic differentiation, whereas miR-7 was significantly downregulated. Moreover, knockdown of CDR1as and overexpression of miR-7 inhibited the ALP activity, ARS staining, and expression of osteogenic genes. Overexpression of miR-7 significantly reduced the activity of luciferase reporter vectors containing the wild-type, but not the mutant, 3’ untranslated region (UTR) sequence of GDF5. Furthermore, knockdown of GDF5 partially reversed the effects of miR-7 inhibitor on osteoblast differentiation. Downregulation of CDR1as or GDF5 subsequently inhibited phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), while upregulation of miR-7 decreased the level of phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 and p38 MAPK. In vivo, CDR1as knockdown lead to less bone formation compared with the control group as revealed by micro-CT and the histological analysis. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that CDR1as acts as a miR-7 inhibitor, triggering the upregulation of GDF5 and subsequent Smad1/5/8 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation to promote osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. This study provides a novel understanding of the mechanisms of osteogenic differentiation, and suggests a potential method for promoting bone formation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0976-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfei Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China. .,Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Hendrijantini N, Kusumaningsih T, Rostiny R, Mulawardhana P, Danudiningrat CP, Rantam FA. A potential therapy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for bone regeneration on osteoporotic mandibular bone. Eur J Dent 2018; 12:358-362. [PMID: 30147399 PMCID: PMC6089061 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_342_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to prove that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) therapy on mandibular osteoporotic model is able to increase transforming growth factor-beta-1 (TGF)-β1 expression, Runx2, and osteoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS This research is true experimental posttest control group design. Thirty female Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups randomly, which consisted of sham surgery for control (T1), ovariectomy as osteoporotic group (T2), osteoporotic group injected with gelatine for 4 weeks (T3), 8 weeks (T4) injected with hUCMSC-gelatine for 4 weeks (T5) and 8 weeks (T6). All mice were presented for immunohistochemistry examination for TGF-β1, Runx2, and histology for osteoblasts. RESULTS The lowest level of osteoblast was osteoporotic group injected with gelatine in 4 weeks compared to other groups. There were increases of TGF-β1, Runx2, and osteoblasts from osteoporotic group compared to osteoporotic post-hUCMSC-gelatine injection group. CONCLUSION The hUCMSC has a high osteogenic effect and increases the osteoporotic mandibular bone regeneration on the animal model that is showed by the increase of the level of TGF-β1, Runx2, and osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nike Hendrijantini
- Department of Prosthodontic, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Tuti Kusumaningsih
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Rostiny Rostiny
- Department of Prosthodontic, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Pungky Mulawardhana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Coen Pramono Danudiningrat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Fedik Abdul Rantam
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Mazzucchelli R, Pérez Fernandez E, Crespí-Villarías N, Quirós-Donate J, García Vadillo A, Espinosa M, Peña M, Macía-Villa C, Morell-Hita JL, Martinez-Prada C, Villaverde V, Morado Quiroga I, Guzón-Illescas O, Barbadillo C, Fernández Prada M, Godoy H, Herranz Varela A, Galindo Izquierdo M, Rodriguez Caravaca G. Trends in hip fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Spanish National Inpatient Registry over a 17-year period (1999-2015). TREND-AR study. RMD Open 2018; 4:e000671. [PMID: 29955384 PMCID: PMC6018884 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyse trends in hip fracture (HF) rates in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over an extended time period (17 years). Methods This observational retrospective survey was performed by reviewing data from the National Surveillance System for Hospital Data, which includes more than 98% of Spanish hospitals. All hospitalisations of patients with RA and HF that were reported from 1999 to 2015 were analysed. Codes were selected using the Ninth International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification: ICD-9-CM: RA 714.0 to 714.9 and HF 820.0 to 820.3. The crude and age-adjusted incidence rate of HF was calculated by age and sex strata over the last 17 years. General lineal models were used to analyse trends. Results Between 1999 and 2015, 6656 HFs occurred in patients with RA of all ages (84.25% women, mean age 77.5 and 15.75% men, mean age 76.37). The age-adjusted osteoporotic HF rate was 221.85/100 000 RA persons/ year (women 227.97; men 179.06). The HF incidence rate increased yearly by 3.1% (95% CI 2.1 to 4.0) during the 1999–2015 period (p<0.001) and was more pronounced in men (3.5% (95% CI 2.1 to 4.9)) than in women (3.1% (95% CI 2.3 to 4.1)). The female to male ratio decreased from 1.54 in 1999 to 1.14 in 2015. The average length of hospital stays (ALHS) decreased (p<0.001) from 16.76 days (SD 15.3) in 1999 to 10.78 days (SD 7.72) in 2015. Age at the time of hospitalisation increased (p<0.001) from 75.3 years (SD 9.33) in 1999 to 79.92 years (SD 9.47) in 2015. There was a total of 326 (4.9%) deaths during admission, 247 (4.4%) in women and 79 (7.5%) in men (p<0.001). Conclusion In Spain, despite the advances that have taken place in controlling disease activity and in treating osteoporosis, the incidence rate of HF increased in both male and female patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Mazzucchelli
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elia Pérez Fernandez
- Department of Clinical Research, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Quirós-Donate
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Espinosa
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Peña
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Virginia Villaverde
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Olalla Guzón-Illescas
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Barbadillo
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Hilda Godoy
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Gil Rodriguez Caravaca
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos I, Madrid, Spain
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Combined effects of photobiomodulation and alendronate on viability of osteoporotic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 182:77-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) constitute the largest subdivision of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family of ligands and exert most of their effects through the canonical effectors Smad1, 5, and 8. Appropriate regulation of BMP signaling is critical for the development and homeostasis of numerous human organ systems. Aberrations in BMP pathways or their regulation are increasingly associated with diverse human pathologies, and there is an urgent and growing need to develop effective approaches to modulate BMP signaling in the clinic. In this review, we provide a wide perspective on diseases and/or conditions associated with dysregulated BMP signal transduction, outline the current strategies available to modulate BMP pathways, highlight emerging second-generation technologies, and postulate prospective avenues for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Lowery
- Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46222
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Segredo-Morales E, García-García P, Évora C, Delgado A. BMP delivery systems for bone regeneration: Healthy vs osteoporotic population. Review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are predisposed to osteoporotic fracture. The present study aims to determine the association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and bone fracture risk, and in relation to gender and site-specific fractures. METHODS Studies related to bone fracture in patients with RA were searched from databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and OVID from inception through April 2016. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was performed with Stata13.1 software. The results were reported based on risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) using a random effects model. RESULTS The meta-analysis of 13 studies showed a significant higher risk of bone fracture in patients with RA than in patients without RA (RR = 2.25, 95% CI [1.76-2.87]). Subgroup analyses showed that both female and male patients with RA had increased risk of fracture when compared with female and male patients without RA (female: RR = 1.99, 95% CI [1.58-2.50]; male: RR = 1.87, 95% CI [1.48-2.37]). Another subgroup analysis of site-specific fracture also showed that RA is positively correlated with the incidence of vertebral fracture (RR = 2.93, 95% CI [2.25-3.83]) or hip fracture (RR = 2.41, 95% CI [1.83-3.17]). CONCLUSION RA is a risk factor for bone fracture in both men and women, with comparable risks of fractures at the vertebral and hip.
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Zhang L, Miramini S, Richardson M, Mendis P, Ebeling P. The role of impairment of mesenchymal stem cell function in osteoporotic bone fracture healing. AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE 2017; 40:603-610. [DOI: 10.1007/s13246-017-0566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Bayat M, Jalalifirouzkouhi A. Presenting a Method to Improve Bone Quality Through Stimulation of Osteoporotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Low-Level Laser Therapy. Photomed Laser Surg 2017. [PMID: 28621568 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aims to present a method to improve bone quality through stimulation of osteoporotic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by low-level laser therapy (LLLT). BACKGROUND Osteoporosis (OP) is characterized by decreased bone mass and bone strength, which results in an increased incidence of bone fractures. These fractures often lead to additional disability and mortality. Osteoporotic MSCs have reduced osteogenic differentiation when cultured in their standard differentiation media. LLLT has a biostimulatory effect on fibroblasts and osteoblasts. MSCs have the ability to generate cells of connective tissue lineages, which includes the bones. Recently, transplantation of in vitro cultured bone marrow (BM) MSCs into sites at risk for development of osteoporotic bone has resulted in improved bone structure. METHODS Comprehensive research was performed using PubMed, and biostimulatory effect of LLLT on bony cells and MSCs were studied. RESULTS LLLT can stimulate growth, proliferation, and differentiation of SCs in vitro and in vivo. This ability of LLLT is an essential prerequisite for performing experiments related to disease control in humans. Thus, laser-treated osteoporotic autologous BMMSCs may represent a promising therapeutic method to protect the bones in patients with OP and prevent fractures in these patients. Therefore, researchers hypothesize that transplantation of in vitro laser-treated autologous cultured osteoporotic BMMSCs that have the appropriate osteogenic phenotype into sites at risk for development of osteoporotic bone may result in improved bone structure. In this respect, investigators have successfully used LLLT to restore autologous osteoporotic MSCs in vitro. Subsequently, these cells have been differentiated into osteoblast cell lines with the use of laser treatment after which they were transplanted into osteoporotic animal models. CONCLUSIONS This technique might improve bone quality and structure. However, additional research must be undertaken to understand the underlying mechanisms of this treatment, validate its effectiveness, and assess the feasibility for clinical application of LLLT to treat MSCs in regeneration of osteoporotic bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bayat
- 1 Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, and Biology and Anatomical Sciences Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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Del Real A, Pérez-Campo FM, Fernández AF, Sañudo C, Ibarbia CG, Pérez-Núñez MI, Criekinge WV, Braspenning M, Alonso MA, Fraga MF, Riancho JA. Differential analysis of genome-wide methylation and gene expression in mesenchymal stem cells of patients with fractures and osteoarthritis. Epigenetics 2016; 12:113-122. [PMID: 27982725 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1271854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient activity of the bone-forming osteoblasts leads to low bone mass and predisposes to fragility fractures. The functional capacity of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), the precursors of osteoblasts, may be compromised in elderly individuals, in relation with the epigenetic changes associated with aging. However, the role of hMSCs in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the genome-wide methylation and gene expression signatures and the differentiation capacity of hMSCs from patients with hip fractures. We obtained hMSCs from the femoral heads of women undergoing hip replacement due to hip fractures and controls with hip osteoarthritis. DNA methylation was explored with the Infinium 450K bead array. Transcriptome analysis was done by RNA sequencing. The genomic analyses revealed that most differentially methylated loci were situated in genomic regions with enhancer activity, distant from gene bodies and promoters. These regions were associated with differentially expressed genes enriched in pathways related to hMSC growth and osteoblast differentiation. hMSCs from patients with fractures showed enhanced proliferation and upregulation of the osteogenic drivers RUNX2/OSX. Also, they showed some signs of accelerated methylation aging. When cultured in osteogenic medium, hMSCs from patients with fractures showed an impaired differentiation capacity, with reduced alkaline phosphatase activity and poor accumulation of a mineralized matrix. Our results point to 2 areas of potential interest for discovering new therapeutic targets for low bone mass disorders and bone regeneration: the mechanisms stimulating MSCs proliferation after fracture and those impairing their terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Del Real
- a Department of Medicine and Psychiatry , University of Cantabria, and Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla-IDIVAL , Santander , Spain
| | - Flor M Pérez-Campo
- a Department of Medicine and Psychiatry , University of Cantabria, and Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla-IDIVAL , Santander , Spain
| | - Agustín F Fernández
- b Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory , Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), HUCA, University of Oviedo , Oviedo , Spain
| | - Carolina Sañudo
- a Department of Medicine and Psychiatry , University of Cantabria, and Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla-IDIVAL , Santander , Spain
| | - Carmen G Ibarbia
- a Department of Medicine and Psychiatry , University of Cantabria, and Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla-IDIVAL , Santander , Spain
| | - María I Pérez-Núñez
- c Service of Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery , Hospital U.M. Valdecilla, University of Cantabria , Santander , Spain
| | - Wim Van Criekinge
- d Mathematical Modelling , Statistics and Bio-informatics, Faculty Bioscience Engineering, University Ghent , Gent , Belgium
| | | | - María A Alonso
- c Service of Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery , Hospital U.M. Valdecilla, University of Cantabria , Santander , Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- b Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory , Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), HUCA, University of Oviedo , Oviedo , Spain
| | - Jose A Riancho
- a Department of Medicine and Psychiatry , University of Cantabria, and Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla-IDIVAL , Santander , Spain
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Fallahnezhad S, Piryaei A, Tabeie F, Nazarian H, Darbandi H, Amini A, Mostafavinia A, Ghorishi SK, Jalalifirouzkouhi A, Bayat M. Low-level laser therapy with helium-neon laser improved viability of osteoporotic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic rats. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:98002. [PMID: 27685702 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.9.098002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influences of helium–neon (He–Ne) and infrared (IR) lasers on the viability and proliferation rate of healthy and ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic (OVX) bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) in vitro. MSCs harvested from the BM of healthy and OVX rats were culture expanded. He–Ne and IR lasers were applied three times at energy densities of 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4??J/cm2 for BMMSCs. BMMSCs viability and proliferation rate were evaluated by MTT assay on days 2, 4, 6, 14, and 21. The results showed that healthy BMMSCs responded optimally to 0.6??J/cm2 using an IR laser after three times of laser radiation. Moreover, it was found that OVX-BMMSCs responded optimally to 0.6??J/cm2 with He–Ne laser and one-time laser radiation. It is concluded that the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) effect depends on the physiological state of the BMMSCs, type of the laser, wavelength, and number of laser sessions. The biostimulation efficiency of LLLT also depends on the delivered energy density. LLLT can enhance the viability and proliferation rate of healthy and especially osteoporotic autologous BMMSCs, which could be very useful in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Fallahnezhad
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Koodakyar Street, Danshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Shahid Chamran Highway, PO Box 19395/4719, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Koodakyar Street, Danshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Shahid Chamran Highway, PO Box 19395/4719, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Faraj Tabeie
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Physiotherapy Research Centre, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, and School of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Damavand Street across from Bu Ali Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Nazarian
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Koodakyar Street, Danshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Shahid Chamran Highway, PO Box 19395/4719, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Hasan Darbandi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Koodakyar Street, Danshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Shahid Chamran Highway, PO Box 19395/4719, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Abdoldllah Amini
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Koodakyar Street, Danshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Shahid Chamran Highway, PO Box 19395/4719, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Ataroalsadat Mostafavinia
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Koodakyar Street, Danshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Shahid Chamran Highway, PO Box 19395/4719, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Seyed Kamran Ghorishi
- Qom University, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, Old Road of Isfahan, Qom 3716146611, Iran
| | - Ali Jalalifirouzkouhi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Koodakyar Street, Danshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Shahid Chamran Highway, PO Box 19395/4719, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bayat
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Koodakyar Street, Danshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Shahid Chamran Highway, PO Box 19395/4719, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
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Phetfong J, Sanvoranart T, Nartprayut K, Nimsanor N, Seenprachawong K, Prachayasittikul V, Supokawej A. Osteoporosis: the current status of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2016; 21:12. [PMID: 28536615 PMCID: PMC5414670 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-016-0013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, or bone loss, is a progressive, systemic skeletal disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Osteoporosis is generally age related, and it is underdiagnosed because it remains asymptomatic for several years until the development of fractures that confine daily life activities, particularly in elderly people. Most patients with osteoporotic fractures become bedridden and are in a life-threatening state. The consequences of fracture can be devastating, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality of the patients. The normal physiologic process of bone remodeling involves a balance between bone resorption and bone formation during early adulthood. In osteoporosis, this process becomes imbalanced, resulting in gradual losses of bone mass and density due to enhanced bone resorption and/or inadequate bone formation. Several growth factors underlying age-related osteoporosis and their signaling pathways have been identified, such as osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor B (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt) proteins and signaling through parathyroid hormone receptors. In addition, the pathogenesis of osteoporosis has been connected to genetics. The current treatment of osteoporosis predominantly consists of antiresorptive and anabolic agents; however, the serious adverse effects of using these drugs are of concern. Cell-based replacement therapy via the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may become one of the strategies for osteoporosis treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitrada Phetfong
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand
| | - Tanwarat Sanvoranart
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand
| | - Kuneerat Nartprayut
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand
| | - Natakarn Nimsanor
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Seenprachawong
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand
| | - Aungkura Supokawej
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand
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Jia P, Chen H, Kang H, Qi J, Zhao P, Jiang M, Guo L, Zhou Q, Qian ND, Zhou HB, Xu YJ, Fan Y, Deng LF. Deferoxamine released from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) promotes healing of osteoporotic bone defect via enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2515-27. [PMID: 27227768 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics; San Xiang Road 1055, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215004 China
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Ren Ji Hospital; Pu Jian Road 160 Shanghai 200120 China
| | - Hui Kang
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Jin Qi
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Nursing Department; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; San Xiang Road 1055 Suzhou Jiangsu Province China 215004
| | - Min Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Lei Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Nian Dong Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Han Bing Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - You Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics; San Xiang Road 1055, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215004 China
| | - Yongqian Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics; Huadong Hospital Affiliated Fudan University; Yan'an Western Road 221 Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Lian Fu Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
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Su YW, Chung R, Ruan CS, Chim SM, Kuek V, Dwivedi PP, Hassanshahi M, Chen KM, Xie Y, Chen L, Foster BK, Rosen V, Zhou XF, Xu J, Xian CJ. Neurotrophin-3 Induces BMP-2 and VEGF Activities and Promotes the Bony Repair of Injured Growth Plate Cartilage and Bone in Rats. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1258-74. [PMID: 26763079 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Injured growth plate is often repaired by bony tissue causing bone growth defects, for which the mechanisms remain unclear. Because neurotrophins have been implicated in bone fracture repair, here we investigated their potential roles in growth plate bony repair in rats. After a drill-hole injury was made in the tibial growth plate and bone, increased injury site mRNA expression was observed for neurotrophins NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4 and their Trk receptors. NT-3 and its receptor TrkC showed the highest induction. NT-3 was localized to repairing cells, whereas TrkC was observed in stromal cells, osteoblasts, and blood vessel cells at the injury site. Moreover, systemic NT-3 immunoneutralization reduced bone volume at injury sites and also reduced vascularization at the injured growth plate, whereas recombinant NT-3 treatment promoted bony repair with elevated levels of mRNA for osteogenic markers and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) and increased vascularization and mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial cell marker CD31 at the injured growth plate. When examined in vitro, NT-3 promoted osteogenesis in rat bone marrow stromal cells, induced Erk1/2 and Akt phosphorylation, and enhanced expression of BMPs (particularly BMP-2) and VEGF in the mineralizing cells. It also induced CD31 and VEGF mRNA in rat primary endothelial cell culture. BMP activity appears critical for NT-3 osteogenic effect in vitro because it can be almost completely abrogated by co-addition of the BMP inhibitor noggin. Consistent with its angiogenic effect in vivo, NT-3 promoted angiogenesis in metatarsal bone explants, an effect abolished by co-treatment with anti-VEGF. This study suggests that NT-3 may be an osteogenic and angiogenic factor upstream of BMP-2 and VEGF in bony repair, and further studies are required to investigate whether NT-3 may be a potential target for preventing growth plate faulty bony repair or for promoting bone fracture healing. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Su
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rosa Chung
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chun-Sheng Ruan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shek Man Chim
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Vincent Kuek
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Prem P Dwivedi
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mohammadhossein Hassanshahi
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ke-Ming Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bruce K Foster
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Cory J Xian
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Methylsulfonylmethane enhances BMP‑2‑induced osteoblast differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:460-6. [PMID: 27175741 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
As human lifespans have increased, the incidence of osteoporosis has also increased. Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) affects the process of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation into osteoblasts via the Janus kinase 2 (Jak2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)5b signaling pathway, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‑2) is also known to significantly affect bone health. In addition, the phosphorylation of small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad)1/5/8 regulates the Runt‑related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) gene, which encodes a transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation markers. In the present study, the differentiation of MSCs treated with MSM, BMP‑2, and their combination were examined. The differentiation of osteoblasts was demonstrated through observation of morphological changes and mineralization, using alizarin red and Von Kossa staining. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that the combination of MSM and BMP-2 increased the phosphorylation of the BMP signaling-associated protein, Smad1/5/8. Combination of MSM and BMP-2 significantly increased osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of the MSCs compared with either MSM or BMP-2 alone. Additionally, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that combination of MSM and BMP-2 increased the expression level of the Runx2 gene and the osteoblast differentiation marker genes, alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin, in MSCs compared with controls. Thus, the combination of MSM and BMP-2 may promote the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts.
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Zhai L, Sun N, Zhang B, Liu ST, Zhao Z, Jin HC, Ma XL, Xing GY. Effects of Focused Extracorporeal Shock Waves on Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Patients with Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:753-762. [PMID: 26674675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To observe the effect of extracorporeal shock waves (ESWs) on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head, we collected bone marrow donated by patients and then cultivated and passaged MSCs in vitro using density gradient centrifugation combined with adherence screening methods. The P3 generation MSCs were divided into the ESW group and the control group. The cell counting kit for MSCs detected some proliferation differences. Cytochemistry, alkaline phosphatase staining and Alizarin red staining were used to determine alkaline phosphatase content. Simultaneously, real-time polymerase factor α1, osteocalcin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. Together, the results of our study first indicate that moderate ESW intensity, which is instrumental in enhancing MSC proliferation, inducing conversion of MSCs into osteoblasts, and inhibiting differentiation of MSCs into adipocytes from MSCs, is one of the effective mechanisms for treating avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Hedong District, Tianjin 300162, P. R. China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Hedong District, Tianjin 300162, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shui-Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Haidian District, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Chao Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Long Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, No 406 Jiefang Nan Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, P. R. China
| | - Geng-Yan Xing
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Haidian District, Beijing 100039, P. R. China.
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Zong S, Zeng G, Fang Y, Peng J, Zou B, Gao T, Zhao J. The effects of α-zearalanol on the proliferation of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their differentiation into osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Metab 2016; 34:151-60. [PMID: 25944420 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-015-0659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of α-zearalanol (α-ZAL) on the proliferation of mouse bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and their differentiation into osteoblasts. Six- to eight-week-old BALB/C mice were used either as recipients or as bone marrow donors. BMSCs were isolated and collected using a differential adhesion method, with use of 10 % fetal bovine serum and Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium. After the third generation, the BMSCs were randomly placed into the following subgroups: a control group, an osteogenic medium (OM) group, a 17β-estradiol group, an α-ZAL 10(-7) mol/L group, an α-ZAL 10(-6) mol/L group, and an α-ZAL 10(-5) mol/L group. Flow cytometry was used to identify the BMSCs collected from the bone marrow. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test was performed, and markers of the osteoblasts were measured in the different subgroups. In addition, expression of osteoprotegerin and expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand were examined using Western blot. In contrast to the control and OM groups, BMSCs in the α-ZAL groups exhibited long fusiform shapes, and contact inhibition was observed when the cells were closely packed. After induction, the BMSCs grew well and exhibited triangular, star, polygonal, or irregular shapes. Clumps and multiple cells were evident. The trends of the proliferation and differentiation for the control, OM, 17β-estradiol, and α-ZAL groups were similar. Compared with the control and OM groups, in the α-ZAL groups the expression levels of alkaline phosphatase, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide, bone morphogenetic protein 2, and osteocalcin were significantly increased (p < 0.05). In addition, α-ZAL inhibited osteoclastogenesis by increasing the expression of osteoprotegerin and decreasing the expression of nuclear factor κB ligand. In conclusion, α-ZAL can increase the proliferation of BMSCs and their differentiation into osteoblasts and can effectively suppress osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Zong
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaofeng Zeng
- College of Public Hygiene, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Fang
- Graduate School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhen Peng
- Graduate School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zou
- Graduate School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Taihang Gao
- Graduate School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmin Zhao
- Department of Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Huang L, Luo Z, Hu Y, Shen X, Li M, Li L, Zhang Y, Yang W, Liu P, Cai K. Enhancement of local bone remodeling in osteoporotic rabbits by biomimic multilayered structures on Ti6Al4V implants. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:1437-51. [PMID: 26822259 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology; Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University; Chongqing 400044 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Luo
- School of Life Science; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400044 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology; Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University; Chongqing 400044 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinkun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology; Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University; Chongqing 400044 People's Republic of China
| | - Menghuan Li
- School of Life Science; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400044 People's Republic of China
| | - Liqi Li
- Department of Orthopedics; Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University; Xinqiao Street Chongqing 400037 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics; Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University; Xinqiao Street Chongqing 400037 People's Republic of China
| | - Weihu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology; Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University; Chongqing 400044 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology; Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University; Chongqing 400044 People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology; Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University; Chongqing 400044 People's Republic of China
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Li J, Liu X, Zuo B, Zhang L. The Role of Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Governing the Balance between Osteoblastogenesis and Adipogenesis. Aging Dis 2015; 7:514-25. [PMID: 27493836 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2015.1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult bone marrow, osteoblasts and adipocytes share a common precursor called mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The plasticity between the two lineages has been confirmed over the past decades, and has important implications in the etiology of bone diseases such as osteoporosis, which involves an imbalance between osteoblasts and adipocytes. The commitment and differentiation of bone marrow (BM) MSCs is tightly controlled by the local environment that maintains a balance between osteoblast lineage and adipocyte. However, pathological conditions linked to osteoporosis can change the BM microenvironment and shift the MSC fate to favor adipocytes over osteoblasts, and consequently decrease bone mass with marrow fat accumulation. This review discusses the changes that occur in the BM microenvironment under pathological conditions, and how these changes affect MSC fate. We suggest that manipulating local environments could have therapeutic implications to avoid bone loss in diseases like osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Bin Zuo
- 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Tong Ji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang YR, Ka K, Zhang GC, Zhang H, Shang Y, Zhao GQ, Huang WH. Repair of peripheral nerve defects with chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts loaded with neurotrophic factors-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1498-506. [PMID: 26604913 PMCID: PMC4625518 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.165523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts loaded with brain-derived neurotrophic factor-transfected or ciliary neurotrophic factor-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to repair sciatic nerve injury better than chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts alone, or chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts loaded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. We hypothesized that these allografts compounded with both brain-derived neurotrophic factor- and ciliary neurotrophic factor-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells may demonstrate even better effects in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. We cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells expressing brain-derived neurotrophic factor and/or ciliary neurotrophic factor and used them to treat sciatic nerve injury in rats. We observed an increase in sciatic functional index, triceps wet weight recovery rate, myelin thickness, number of myelinated nerve fibers, amplitude of motor-evoked potentials and nerve conduction velocity, and a shortened latency of motor-evoked potentials when allografts loaded with both neurotrophic factors were used, compared with allografts loaded with just one factor. Thus, the combination of both brain-derived neurotrophic factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can greatly improve nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Zhang
- Medical College, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan Province, China ; Institute of Clinical Anatomy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ka Ka
- Medical College, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan Province, China
| | - Ge-Chen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Wen-Hua Huang
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Sánchez-Duffhues G, Hiepen C, Knaus P, Ten Dijke P. Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in bone homeostasis. Bone 2015; 80:43-59. [PMID: 26051467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are cytokines belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. They play multiple functions during development and tissue homeostasis, including regulation of the bone homeostasis. The BMP signaling pathway consists in a well-orchestrated manner of ligands, membrane receptors, co-receptors and intracellular mediators, that regulate the expression of genes controlling the normal functioning of the bone tissues. Interestingly, BMP signaling perturbation is associated to a variety of low and high bone mass diseases, including osteoporosis, bone fracture disorders and heterotopic ossification. Consistent with these findings, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that BMPs have potent effects on the activity of cells regulating bone function, suggesting that manipulation of the BMP signaling pathway may be employed as a therapeutic approach to treat bone diseases. Here we review the recent advances on BMP signaling and bone homeostasis, and how this knowledge may be used towards improved diagnosis and development of novel treatment modalities. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Muscle Bone Interactions".
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Sánchez-Duffhues
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Hiepen
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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Donoso O, Pino AM, Seitz G, Osses N, Rodríguez JP. Osteoporosis-associated alteration in the signalling status of BMP-2 in human MSCs under adipogenic conditions. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:1267-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Donoso
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular; INTA; Universidad de Chile
| | - Ana María Pino
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular; INTA; Universidad de Chile
| | | | - Nelson Osses
- Facultad de Ciencias; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
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Type 1 diabetes and osteoporosis: from molecular pathways to bone phenotype. J Osteoporos 2015; 2015:174186. [PMID: 25874154 PMCID: PMC4385591 DOI: 10.1155/2015/174186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The link between type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and osteoporosis, identified decades ago, has gained attention in recent years. While a number of cellular mechanisms have been postulated to mediate this association, it is now established that defects in osteoblast differentiation and activity are the main culprits underlying bone fragility in DM1. Other contributing factors include an accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the development of diabetes complications (such as neuropathy and hypoglycemia), which cause further decline in bone mineral density (BMD), worsening geometric properties within bone, and increased fall risk. As a result, patients with DM1 have a 6.9-fold increased incidence of hip fracture compared to controls. Despite this increased fracture risk, bone fragility remains an underappreciated complication of DM1 and is not addressed in most diabetes guidelines. There is also a lack of data regarding the efficacy of therapeutic strategies to treat osteoporosis in this patient population. Together, our current understanding of bone fragility in DM1 calls for an update of diabetes guidelines, better screening tools, and further research into the use of therapeutic strategies in this patient population.
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Kyllönen L, D’Este M, Alini M, Eglin D. Local drug delivery for enhancing fracture healing in osteoporotic bone. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:412-34. [PMID: 25218339 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fragility fractures can cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients with osteoporosis and inflict a considerable medical and socioeconomic burden. Moreover, treatment of an osteoporotic fracture is challenging due to the decreased strength of the surrounding bone and suboptimal healing capacity, predisposing both to fixation failure and non-union. Whereas a systemic osteoporosis treatment acts slowly, local release of osteogenic agents in osteoporotic fracture would act rapidly to increase bone strength and quality, as well as to reduce the bone healing period and prevent development of a problematic non-union. The identification of agents with potential to stimulate bone formation and improve implant fixation strength in osteoporotic bone has raised hope for the fast augmentation of osteoporotic fractures. Stimulation of bone formation by local delivery of growth factors is an approach already in clinical use for the treatment of non-unions, and could be utilized for osteoporotic fractures as well. Small molecules have also gained ground as stable and inexpensive compounds to enhance bone formation and tackle osteoporosis. The aim of this paper is to present the state of the art on local drug delivery in osteoporotic fractures. Advantages, disadvantages and underlying molecular mechanisms of different active species for local bone healing in osteoporotic bone are discussed. This review also identifies promising new candidate molecules and innovative approaches for the local drug delivery in osteoporotic bone.
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Haasters F, Docheva D, Gassner C, Popov C, Böcker W, Mutschler W, Schieker M, Prall WC. Mesenchymal stem cells from osteoporotic patients reveal reduced migration and invasion upon stimulation with BMP-2 or BMP-7. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:118-23. [PMID: 25152406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fractures to the osteoporotic bone feature a delay in callus formation and reduced enchondral ossification. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), the cellular source of fracture healing, are recruited to the fracture site by cytokines, such as BMP-2 and BMP-7. Aim of the study was to scrutinize hMSC for osteoporosis associated alterations in BMP mediated migration and invasion as well as in extracellular matrix (ECM) binding integrin expression. HMSC were isolated from 18 healthy or osteoporotic donors. Migration was assessed using a collagen IV coated micro-slide linear gradient chamber and time-lapse microscopy. Invasion was analyzed utilizing an ECM coated transmembrane invasion assay. Quantitative real-time RT PCR was performed for the ECM binding integrins α1, α2, α3, α4, α5, α11, αv and β1. HMSC from osteoporotic patients showed a significant increase of migration upon BMP-2 or FCS stimulation, as well as a significant increase of invasion upon BMP-2, BMP-7 or FCS stimulation. Nevertheless, the migration and invasion capacity was significantly decreased compared to healthy controls. Out of all integrins analyzed, collagen binding integrin α2 was significantly downregulated in hMSC from osteoporotic patients. In conclusion, we here demonstrate for the first time osteoporosis associated alterations in BMP mediated hMSC recruitment. These findings may underlie the reduced healing of osteoporotic fractures. Nevertheless, the maintained migration and invasion response upon BMP stimulation illustrates the therapeutic potential of these clinically approved substances in the treatment of osteoporotic fractures. Another therapeutic target may be the downregulation of the collagen binding integrin α2 in hMSC from osteoporotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Haasters
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hand-, Plastic- and Trauma Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Nussbaumstr. 20, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hand-, Plastic- and Trauma Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Nussbaumstr. 20, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Christoph Gassner
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hand-, Plastic- and Trauma Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Nussbaumstr. 20, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Cvetan Popov
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hand-, Plastic- and Trauma Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Nussbaumstr. 20, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Böcker
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hand-, Plastic- and Trauma Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Nussbaumstr. 20, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Wolf Mutschler
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hand-, Plastic- and Trauma Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Nussbaumstr. 20, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Matthias Schieker
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hand-, Plastic- and Trauma Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Nussbaumstr. 20, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Wolf Christian Prall
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hand-, Plastic- and Trauma Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Nussbaumstr. 20, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
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Zhou C, Zhang X, Xu L, Wu T, Cui L, Xu D. Taurine promotes human mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into osteoblast through the ERK pathway. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1673-80. [PMID: 24677149 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Taurine has been reported to influence bone metabolism, but the role of taurine on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of taurine on osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. The results showed that taurine increased the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodules in hMSCs induced by osteogenic induced medium. Meanwhile, RT-PCR analysis showed that taurine up-regulated the mRNA expression of ALP, osteopontin, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Osterix in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, taurine induced activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and pretreatment with the ERK inhibitor U0126 abolished the taurine-induced osteogenesis of hMSCs. Taken together, our study reveals that taurine promotes the osteogenesis of hMSCs by activating the ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China
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Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Adenovirus-Mediated Erythropoietin Gene Therapy Approaches for Bone Defect. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 70:1199-204. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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46
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Heggebö J, Haasters F, Polzer H, Schwarz C, Saller MM, Mutschler W, Schieker M, Prall WC. Aged human mesenchymal stem cells: the duration of bone morphogenetic protein-2 stimulation determines induction or inhibition of osteogenic differentiation. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2014; 6:5242. [PMID: 25002931 PMCID: PMC4083304 DOI: 10.4081/or.2014.5242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is a potent osteoinductive cytokine and a growing number of in vitro studies analyze its effects on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) derived from aged or osteoporotic donors. In these studies the exact quantification of osteogenic differentiation capacity is of fundamental interest. Nevertheless, the experimental conditions for osteogenic differentiation of aged hMSC have not been evaluated systematically and vary to a considerable extend. Aim of the study was to assess the influence of cell density, osteogenic differentiation media (ODM) change intervals and duration of BMP-2 stimulation on osteoinduction. Furthermore, time series were carried out for osteogenic differentiation and BMP-2 concentration in ODM/BMP-2 cell culture supernatants. The experiments were performed using hMSC isolated from femoral heads of aged patients undergoing hip joint replacement. ODM change intervals of 96 hours resulted in significantly higher calcium deposition compared to shorter intervals. A cell density of 80% prior to stimulation led to stronger osteoinduction compared to higher cell densities. In ODM, aged hMSC showed a significant induction of calcium deposition after 9 days. Added to ODM, BMP-2 showed a stable concentration in the cell culture supernatants for at least 96 hours. Addition of BMP-2 to ODM for the initial 4 days led to a significantly higher induction of osteogenic differentiation compared to ODM alone. On the other hand, addition of BMP-2 for 21 days almost abrogated the osteoinductive effect of ODM. We could demonstrate that the factors investigated have a substantial impact on the extent of osteogenic differentiation of aged hMSC. Consequently, it is of upmost importance to standardize the experimental conditions in order to enable comparability between different studies. We here define standard conditions for osteogenic differentiation in regard to the specific features of aged hMSC. The finding that BMP-2 induces or inhibits osteogenic differentiation in a time dependent manner indicates an age related alteration in signal transduction of hMSC and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jostein Heggebö
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, University of Munich , Germany
| | - Florian Haasters
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, University of Munich , Germany
| | - Hans Polzer
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, University of Munich , Germany
| | - Christina Schwarz
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, University of Munich , Germany
| | - Maximilian Michael Saller
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, University of Munich , Germany
| | - Wolf Mutschler
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, University of Munich , Germany
| | - Matthias Schieker
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, University of Munich , Germany
| | - Wolf Christian Prall
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, University of Munich , Germany
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Chiu LH, Lai WFT, Chang SF, Wong CC, Fan CY, Fang CL, Tsai YH. The effect of type II collagen on MSC osteogenic differentiation and bone defect repair. Biomaterials 2014; 35:2680-91. [PMID: 24411332 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The function of type II collagen in cartilage is well documented and its importance for long bone development has been implicated. However, the involvement of type II collagen in bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenesis has not been well investigated. This study elucidated the pivotal role of type II collagen in BMSC osteogenesis and its potential application to bone healing. Type II collagen-coated surface was found to accelerate calcium deposition, and the interaction of osteogenic medium-induced BMSCs with type II collagen-coated surface was mainly mediated through integrin α2β1. Exogenous type II collagen directly activated FAK-JNK signaling and resulted in the phosphorylation of RUNX2. In a segmental defect model in rats, type II collagen-HA/TCP-implanted rats showed significant callus formation at the reunion site, and a higher SFI (sciatic function index) scoring as comparing to other groups were also observed at 7, 14, and 21 day post-surgery. Collectively, type II collagen serves as a better modulator during early osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by facilitating RUNX2 activation through integrin α2β1-FAK-JNK signaling axis, and enhance bone defect repair through an endochondral ossification-like process. These results advance our understanding about the cartilaginous ECM-BMSC interaction, and provide perspective for bone defect repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsuan Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fu T Lai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Center for Nano Biomedicine Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Fen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chean Wong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Fang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Center for Nano Biomedicine Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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