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Ward A, Jessop F, Faris R, Hollister J, Shoup D, Race B, Bosio CM, Priola SA. The PINK1/Parkin pathway of mitophagy exerts a protective effect during prion disease. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298095. [PMID: 38394123 PMCID: PMC10889866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The PINK1/Parkin pathway of mitophagy has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. In prion diseases, a transmissible neurodegenerative disease caused by the misfolded and infectious prion protein (PrPSc), expression of both PINK1 and Parkin are elevated, suggesting that PINK1/Parkin mediated mitophagy may also play a role in prion pathogenesis. Using mice in which expression of either PINK1 (PINK1KO) or Parkin (ParkinKO) has been ablated, we analyzed the potential role of PINK1 and Parkin in prion pathogenesis. Prion infected PINK1KO and ParkinKO mice succumbed to disease more rapidly (153 and 150 days, respectively) than wild-type control C57Bl/6 mice (161 days). Faster incubation times in PINK1KO and ParkinKO mice did not correlate with altered prion pathology in the brain, altered expression of proteins associated with mitochondrial dynamics, or prion-related changes in mitochondrial respiration. However, the expression level of mitochondrial respiration Complex I, a major site for the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), was higher in prion infected PINK1KO and ParkinKO mice when compared to prion infected control mice. Our results demonstrate a protective role for PINK1/Parkin mitophagy during prion disease, likely by helping to minimize ROS formation via Complex I, leading to slower prion disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ward
- Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Forrest Jessop
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Robert Faris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jason Hollister
- Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Daniel Shoup
- Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Brent Race
- Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Catharine M. Bosio
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Suzette A. Priola
- Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana
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Zheng X, Liu K, Xie Q, Xin H, Chen W, Lin S, Feng D, Zhu T. PHB2 Alleviates Neurotoxicity of Prion Peptide PrP 106-126 via PINK1/Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15919. [PMID: 37958902 PMCID: PMC10647768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death. Mitophagy is a selective form of macroautophagy that clears injured mitochondria. Prohibitin 2 (PHB2) has been identified as a novel inner membrane mitophagy receptor that mediates mitophagy. However, the role of PHB2 in prion diseases remains unclear. In this study, we isolated primary cortical neurons from rats and used the neurotoxic prion peptide PrP106-126 as a cell model for prion diseases. We examined the role of PHB2 in PrP106-126-induced mitophagy using Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy and assessed the function of PHB2 in PrP106-126-induced neuronal death using the cell viability assay and the TUNEL assay. The results showed that PrP106-126 induced mitochondrial morphological abnormalities and mitophagy in primary cortical neurons. PHB2 was found to be indispensable for PrP106-126-induced mitophagy and was involved in the accumulation of PINK1 and recruitment of Parkin to mitochondria in primary neurons. Additionally, PHB2 depletion exacerbated neuronal cell death induced by PrP106-126, whereas the overexpression of PHB2 alleviated PrP106-126 neuronal toxicity. Taken together, this study demonstrated that PHB2 is indispensable for PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in PrP106-126-treated neurons and protects neurons against the neurotoxicity of the prion peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (K.L.); (Q.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (K.L.); (Q.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qingqing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (K.L.); (Q.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hangkuo Xin
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (K.L.); (Q.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (K.L.); (Q.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shengyu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (K.L.); (Q.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Danqi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (K.L.); (Q.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (K.L.); (Q.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Choi YG, Jang B, Park JH, Choi MW, Lee GY, Cho DJ, Kim HY, Lim HK, Lee WJ, Choi EK, Kim YS. Radotinib Decreases Prion Propagation and Prolongs Survival Times in Models of Prion Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12241. [PMID: 37569615 PMCID: PMC10419185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The conversion of cellular prion protein (PrPC) into pathogenic prion isoforms (PrPSc) and the mutation of PRNP are definite causes of prion diseases. Unfortunately, without exception, prion diseases are untreatable and fatal neurodegenerative disorders; therefore, one area of research focuses on identifying medicines that can delay the progression of these diseases. According to the concept of drug repositioning, we investigated the efficacy of the c-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor radotinib, which is a drug that is approved for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, in the treatment of disease progression in prion models, including prion-infected cell models, Tga20 and hamster cerebellar slice culture models, and 263K scrapie-infected hamster models. Radotinib inhibited PrPSc deposition in neuronal ZW13-2 cells that were infected with the 22L or 139A scrapie strains and in cerebellar slice cultures that were infected with the 22L or 263K scrapie strains. Interestingly, hamsters that were intraperitoneally injected with the 263K scrapie strain and intragastrically treated with radotinib (100 mg/kg) exhibited prolonged survival times (159 ± 28.6 days) compared to nontreated hamsters (135 ± 9.9 days) as well as reduced PrPSc deposition and ameliorated pathology. However, intraperitoneal injection of radotinib exerted a smaller effect on the survival rate of the hamsters. Additionally, we found that different concentrations of radotinib (60, 100, and 200 mg/kg) had similar effects on survival time, but this effect was not observed after treatment with a low dose (30 mg/kg) of radotinib. Interestingly, when radotinib was administered 4 or 8 weeks after prion inoculation, the treated hamsters survived longer than the vehicle-treated hamsters. Additionally, a pharmacokinetic assay revealed that radotinib effectively crossed the blood-brain barrier. Based on our findings, we suggest that radotinib is a new candidate anti-prion drug that could possibly be used to treat prion diseases and promote the remission of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Gon Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungki Jang
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Park
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Woo Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea
| | - Gong Yeal Lee
- Il Yang Pharm Co., Ltd., 37, Hagal-ro, 136beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17096, Republic of Korea (H.Y.K.)
| | - Dae Jin Cho
- Il Yang Pharm Co., Ltd., 37, Hagal-ro, 136beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17096, Republic of Korea (H.Y.K.)
| | - Hong Youp Kim
- Il Yang Pharm Co., Ltd., 37, Hagal-ro, 136beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17096, Republic of Korea (H.Y.K.)
| | - Hae Kyoung Lim
- Il Yang Pharm Co., Ltd., 37, Hagal-ro, 136beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17096, Republic of Korea (H.Y.K.)
| | - Won Jae Lee
- Il Yang Pharm Co., Ltd., 37, Hagal-ro, 136beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17096, Republic of Korea (H.Y.K.)
| | - Eun-Kyoung Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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4
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Rios L, Pokhrel S, Li SJ, Heo G, Haileselassie B, Mochly-Rosen D. Targeting an allosteric site in dynamin-related protein 1 to inhibit Fis1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4356. [PMID: 37468472 PMCID: PMC10356917 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The large cytosolic GTPase, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mediates both physiological and pathological mitochondrial fission. Cell stress triggers Drp1 binding to mitochondrial Fis1 and subsequently, mitochondrial fragmentation, ROS production, metabolic collapse, and cell death. Because Drp1 also mediates physiological fission by binding to mitochondrial Mff, therapeutics that inhibit pathological fission should spare physiological mitochondrial fission. P110, a peptide inhibitor of Drp1-Fis1 interaction, reduces pathology in numerous models of neurodegeneration, ischemia, and sepsis without blocking the physiological functions of Drp1. Since peptides have pharmacokinetic limitations, we set out to identify small molecules that mimic P110's benefit. We map the P110-binding site to a switch I-adjacent grove (SWAG) on Drp1. Screening for SWAG-binding small molecules identifies SC9, which mimics P110's benefits in cells and a mouse model of endotoxemia. We suggest that the SWAG-binding small molecules discovered in this study may reduce the burden of Drp1-mediated pathologies and potentially pathologies associated with other members of the GTPase family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rios
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sin-Jin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Bachelor Program of Biotechnology and Food Nutrition, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Gwangbeom Heo
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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5
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Chaiamarit T, Verhelle A, Chassefeyre R, Shukla N, Novak SW, Andrade LR, Manor U, Encalada SE. Mutant Prion Protein Endoggresomes are Hubs for Local Axonal Organelle-Cytoskeletal Remodeling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.19.533383. [PMID: 36993610 PMCID: PMC10055262 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.19.533383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Dystrophic axons comprising misfolded mutant prion protein (PrP) aggregates are a characteristic pathological feature in the prionopathies. These aggregates form inside endolysosomes -called endoggresomes-, within swellings that line up the length of axons of degenerating neurons. The pathways impaired by endoggresomes that result in failed axonal and consequently neuronal health, remain undefined. Here, we dissect the local subcellular impairments that occur within individual mutant PrP endoggresome swelling sites in axons. Quantitative high-resolution light and electron microscopy revealed the selective impairment of the acetylated vs tyrosinated microtubule cytoskeleton, while micro-domain image analysis of live organelle dynamics within swelling sites revealed deficits uniquely to the MT-based active transport system that translocates mitochondria and endosomes toward the synapse. Cytoskeletal and defective transport results in the retention of mitochondria, endosomes, and molecular motors at swelling sites, enhancing mitochondria-Rab7 late endosome contacts that induce mitochondrial fission via the activity of Rab7, and render mitochondria dysfunctional. Our findings point to mutant Pr Pendoggresome swelling sites as selective hubs of cytoskeletal deficits and organelle retention that drive the remodeling of organelles along axons. We propose that the dysfunction imparted locally within these axonal micro-domains spreads throughout the axon over time, leading to axonal dysfunction in prionopathies.
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Suárez-Rivero JM, López-Pérez J, Muela-Zarzuela I, Pastor-Maldonado C, Cilleros-Holgado P, Gómez-Fernández D, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Munuera-Cabeza M, Talaverón-Rey M, Povea-Cabello S, Suárez-Carrillo A, Piñero-Pérez R, Reche-López D, Romero-Domínguez JM, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Neurodegeneration, Mitochondria, and Antibiotics. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030416. [PMID: 36984858 PMCID: PMC10056573 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons, synapses, dendrites, and myelin in the central and/or peripheral nervous system. Actual therapeutic options for patients are scarce and merely palliative. Although they affect millions of patients worldwide, the molecular mechanisms underlying these conditions remain unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction is generally found in neurodegenerative diseases and is believed to be involved in the pathomechanisms of these disorders. Therefore, therapies aiming to improve mitochondrial function are promising approaches for neurodegeneration. Although mitochondrial-targeted treatments are limited, new research findings have unraveled the therapeutic potential of several groups of antibiotics. These drugs possess pleiotropic effects beyond their anti-microbial activity, such as anti-inflammatory or mitochondrial enhancer function. In this review, we will discuss the controversial use of antibiotics as potential therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Suárez-Rivero
- Institute for Biomedical Researching and Innovation of Cádiz (INiBICA) University Hospital Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan López-Pérez
- Institute for Biomedical Researching and Innovation of Cádiz (INiBICA) University Hospital Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Inés Muela-Zarzuela
- Institute for Biomedical Researching and Innovation of Cádiz (INiBICA) University Hospital Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Pastor-Maldonado
- Department of Molecular Biology Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Paula Cilleros-Holgado
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide-University), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - David Gómez-Fernández
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide-University), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide-University), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Munuera-Cabeza
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide-University), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta Talaverón-Rey
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide-University), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Suleva Povea-Cabello
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide-University), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alejandra Suárez-Carrillo
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide-University), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Piñero-Pérez
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide-University), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Diana Reche-López
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide-University), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M. Romero-Domínguez
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide-University), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Antonio Sánchez-Alcázar
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide-University), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954978071
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Spiers JG, Cortina Chen HJ, Barry TL, Bourgognon JM, Steinert JR. Redox stress and metal dys-homeostasis appear as hallmarks of early prion disease pathogenesis in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 192:182-190. [PMID: 36170956 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with a multitude of dysfunctional cellular pathways. One major contributory factor is a redox stress challenge during the development of several protein misfolding conditions including Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and less common conditions such as Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (CJD). CJD is caused by misfolding of the neuronal prion protein and is characterised by a neurotoxic unfolded protein response involving chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress, reduced protein translation and spongiosis leading subsequently to synaptic and neuronal loss. Here we have characterised prion disease in mice to assess redox stress components including nitrergic and oxidative markers associated with neuroinflammatory activation. Aberrant regulation of the homeostasis of several redox metals contributes to the overall cellular redox stress and we have identified altered levels of iron, copper, zinc, and manganese in the hippocampus of prion diseased mice. Our data show that early in disease, there is evidence for oxidative stress in conjunction with reduced antioxidant superoxide dismutase mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, expression of divalent metal transporter proteins was reduced for Atp7b, Atox1, Slc11a2, Slc39a14 at 6-7 weeks but increased for Slc39a14 and Mt1 at 10 weeks of disease. Our data present evidence for a strong pro-oxidant environment and altered redox metal homeostasis in early disease pathology which both may be contributory factors to aggravating this protein misfolding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jereme G Spiers
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.
| | - Hsiao-Jou Cortina Chen
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tiffany L Barry
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Julie-Myrtille Bourgognon
- School of Infection and Immunity, Sir Graeme Davies Building, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Joern R Steinert
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, Nottingham, NG7 2NR, UK.
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Kim MJ, Kim HJ, Jang B, Kim HJ, Mostafa MN, Park SJ, Kim YS, Choi EK. Impairment of Neuronal Mitochondrial Quality Control in Prion-Induced Neurodegeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172744. [PMID: 36078152 PMCID: PMC9454542 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics continually maintain cell survival and bioenergetics through mitochondrial quality control processes (fission, fusion, and mitophagy). Aberrant mitochondrial quality control has been implicated in the pathogenic mechanism of various human diseases, including cancer, cardiac dysfunction, and neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and prion disease. However, the mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated neuropathological mechanisms in prion disease are still uncertain. Here, we used both in vitro and in vivo scrapie-infected models to investigate the involvement of mitochondrial quality control in prion pathogenesis. We found that scrapie infection led to the induction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), resulting in enhanced phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) at Ser616 and its subsequent translocation to the mitochondria, which was followed by excessive mitophagy. We also confirmed decreased expression levels of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes and reduced ATP production by scrapie infection. In addition, scrapie-infection-induced aberrant mitochondrial fission and mitophagy led to increased apoptotic signaling, as evidenced by caspase 3 activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. These results suggest that scrapie infection induced mitochondrial dysfunction via impaired mitochondrial quality control processes followed by neuronal cell death, which may have an important role in the neuropathogenesis of prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Jong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Korea
| | - Hee-Jun Kim
- Hongcheon Institute of Medicinal Herb, Hongcheon 25142, Korea
| | - Byungki Jang
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Korea
| | - Mohd Najib Mostafa
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Korea
| | - Seok-Joo Park
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Korea
- Correspondence:
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9
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Zambrano K, Barba D, Castillo K, Robayo P, Arizaga E, Caicedo A, Gavilanes AWD. A new hope: Mitochondria, a critical factor in the war against prions. Mitochondrion 2022; 65:113-123. [PMID: 35623560 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases encompass a group of incurable neurodegenerative disorders that occur due to the misfolding and aggregation of infectious proteins. The most well-known prion diseases are Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), bovine spongiform encephalopathy (also known as mad cow disease), and kuru. It is estimated that around 1-2 persons per million worldwide are affected annually by prion disorders. Infectious prion proteins propagate in the brain, clustering in the cells and rapidly inducing tissue degeneration and death. Prion disease alters cell metabolism and energy production damaging mitochondrial function and dynamics leading to a fast accumulation of damage. Dysfunction of mitochondria could be considered as an early precursor and central element in the pathogenesis of prion diseases such as in sporadic CJD. Preserving mitochondria function may help to resist the rapid spread and damage of prion proteins and even clearance. In the war against prions and other degenerative diseases, studying how to preserve the function of mitochondria by using antioxidants and even replacing them with artificial mitochondrial transfer/transplant (AMT/T) may bring a new hope and lead to an increase in patients' survival. In this perspective review, we provide key insights about the relationship between the progression of prion disease and mitochondria, in which understanding how protecting mitochondria function and viability by using antioxidants or AMT/T may help to develop novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zambrano
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diego Barba
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Karina Castillo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paola Robayo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Arizaga
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Antonio W D Gavilanes
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador.
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10
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Ward A, Jessop F, Faris R, Shoup D, Bosio CM, Peterson KE, Priola SA. Lack of the immune adaptor molecule SARM1 accelerates disease in prion infected mice and is associated with increased mitochondrial respiration and decreased expression of NRF2. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267720. [PMID: 35507602 PMCID: PMC9067904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of fatal, transmissible neurodegenerative diseases of mammals. In the brain, axonal loss and neuronal death are prominent in prion infection, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Sterile alpha and heat/Armadillo motif 1 (SARM1) is a protein expressed in neurons of the brain that plays a critical role in axonal degeneration. Following damage to axons, it acquires an NADase activity that helps to regulate mitochondrial health by breaking down NAD+, a molecule critical for mitochondrial respiration. SARM1 has been proposed to have a protective effect in prion disease, and we hypothesized that it its role in regulating mitochondrial energetics may be involved. We therefore analyzed mitochondrial respiration in SARM1 knockout mice (SARM1KO) and wild-type mice inoculated either with prions or normal brain homogenate. Pathologically, disease was similar in both strains of mice, suggesting that SARM1 mediated axonal degradation is not the sole mechanism of axonal loss during prion disease. However, mitochondrial respiration was significantly increased and disease incubation time accelerated in prion infected SARM1KO mice when compared to wild-type mice. Increased levels of mitochondrial complexes II and IV and decreased levels of NRF2, a potent regulator of reactive oxygen species, were also apparent in the brains of SARM1KO mice when compared to wild-type mice. Our data suggest that SARM1 slows prion disease progression, likely by regulating mitochondrial respiration, which may help to mitigate oxidative stress via NRF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ward
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Forrest Jessop
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Robert Faris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Daniel Shoup
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Catharine M. Bosio
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Karin E. Peterson
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Suzette A. Priola
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Scheffler K, Jalland CMO, Benestad SL, Moldal T, Ersdal C, Gunnes G, Suganthan R, Bjørås M, Tranulis MA. DNA glycosylase Neil2 contributes to genomic responses in the spleen during clinical prion disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:348-354. [PMID: 32259578 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The DNA glycosylase Neil2 is a member of the base excision repair (BER) family of enzymes, which are important for repair of oxidative DNA damage. Specifically, Neil2 participates in repair of oxidized bases in single-stranded DNA of transcriptionally active genes. Mice with genetic ablation of Neil2 (Neil2-/-) display no overt phenotypes, but an age-dependent accumulation of oxidative DNA damage and increased inflammatory responsiveness. In young mice intra-cerebrally inoculated with prions, vigorous prion propagation starts rapidly in the germinal follicles of the spleen due to inoculum spillover. Here, we compare experimental prion disease in Neil2-/- mice with that in wild-type mice at disease onset and end-stage. Specifically, we investigated disease progression, accumulation of DNA damage, and mitochondrial respiratory complex activity in brain and spleen. We used genome-wide RNA sequencing of the spleen to compare the immune responses to prion propagation between the two groups of mice, at both onset and end-stage prion disease. The Neil2-/- mice deteriorated more rapidly than wild-type mice after onset of clinical signs. Levels of DNA damage in brain increased in both mouse groups, slightly more in the Neil2-/- mice. Transcriptome data from spleen at disease onset were similar between the mouse groups with moderate genomic responses. However, at end-stage a substantial response was evident in the wild-type mice but not in Neil2-/- mice. Our data show that Neil2 counteracts toxic signaling in clinical prion disease, and this is separate from gross pathological manifestations and PrPSc accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Scheffler
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Clara M O Jalland
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Cecilie Ersdal
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Sandnes, Norway
| | - Gjermund Gunnes
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rajikala Suganthan
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael A Tranulis
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Gao LP, Xiao K, Wu YZ, Chen DD, Yang XH, Shi Q, Dong XP. Enhanced Mitophagy Activity in Prion-Infected Cultured Cells and Prion-Infected Experimental Mice via a Pink1/Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy Pathway. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:814-829. [PMID: 32049477 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is an important process for removing damaged mitochondria in cells, the dysfunction of which has been directly linked to an increasing number of neurodegenerative disorders. However, the details of mitophagy in prion diseases still need to be deeply explored. In this study, we identified more autophagosomes and large swelling mitochondria structures in the prion-infected cultured cell line SMB-S15 by transmission electron microscopy, accompanying the molecular evidence of activated autophagic flux. Western blots illustrated that the levels of Pink1 and Parkin, particularly in the mitochondrial fraction, were increased in SMB-S15 cells, whereas the levels of mitochondrial membrane proteins TIMM44, TOMM20, and TIMM23 were decreased. The amount of whole polyubiquitinated proteins decreased, but that of phosphor-polyubiquitinated proteins increased in SMB-S15 cells. The level of MFN2 in SMB-S15 cells were down-regulated, but its polyubiquitinated form was up-regulated. Knockdown of the expressions of Pink1 and Parkin by the individual SiRNAs in SMB-S15 cells reduced autophagic activity but did not seem to influence the expressions of TOMM20 and TIMM23. Moreover, we also demonstrated that the brain levels of Pink1 and Parkin in the mice infected with scrapie strains 139A and ME7 were remarkably increased at the terminal stage of the disease by Western blot and immunohistochemical (IHC) assays. Immunofluorescent assays revealed that Pink1 signals widely colocalized with GAFP-, Iba1-, and NeuN-positive cells in the brains of scrapie-infected mice. IHC assays with serial sections of the brain tissues infected with agents 139A and ME7 showed more Pink1- and Parkin-positive cells located at the areas with more PrPSc deposit. These results suggest an activated mitophagy in prion-infected cells and prion-infected experimental mice, probably via an enhanced Pink-Parkin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Road 155, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Road 155, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yue-Zhang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Road 155, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dong-Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Road 155, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xue-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Road 155, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Road 155, Beijing 102206, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,
Dongzhimeinei, South Road 16, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Road 155, Beijing 102206, China
- Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Road 155, Beijing 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,
Dongzhimeinei, South Road 16, Beijing 100700, China
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13
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Restelli LM, Oettinghaus B, Halliday M, Agca C, Licci M, Sironi L, Savoia C, Hench J, Tolnay M, Neutzner A, Schmidt A, Eckert A, Mallucci G, Scorrano L, Frank S. Neuronal Mitochondrial Dysfunction Activates the Integrated Stress Response to Induce Fibroblast Growth Factor 21. Cell Rep 2020; 24:1407-1414. [PMID: 30089252 PMCID: PMC6092266 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress adaptation is essential for neuronal health. While the fundamental role of mitochondria in neuronal development has been demonstrated, it is still not clear how adult neurons respond to alterations in mitochondrial function and how neurons sense, signal, and respond to dysfunction of mitochondria and their interacting organelles. Here, we show that neuron-specific, inducible in vivo ablation of the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 causes ER stress, resulting in activation of the integrated stress response to culminate in neuronal expression of the cytokine Fgf21. Neuron-derived Fgf21 induction occurs also in murine models of tauopathy and prion disease, highlighting the potential of this cytokine as an early biomarker for latent neurodegenerative conditions. Neuronal Drp1 ablation is sensed by branches of the integrated stress response (ISR) Activation of the ISR induces catabolic cytokine Fgf21 in the brain Brain Fgf21 induced in neurodegeneration models may be a potential biomarker
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Michelle Restelli
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel 4001, Switzerland
| | - Björn Oettinghaus
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Mark Halliday
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Cavit Agca
- Departments of Biomedicine and Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Maria Licci
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Lara Sironi
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel 4001, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Savoia
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua 35121, Italy
| | - Jürgen Hench
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Markus Tolnay
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Albert Neutzner
- Departments of Biomedicine and Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Anne Eckert
- University Psychiatric Clinics, Basel 4025, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Mallucci
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua 35121, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua 35129, Italy
| | - Stephan Frank
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland.
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14
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Deus CM, Pereira SP, Cunha-Oliveira T, Pereira FB, Raimundo N, Oliveira PJ. Mitochondrial remodeling in human skin fibroblasts from sporadic male Parkinson's disease patients uncovers metabolic and mitochondrial bioenergetic defects. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165615. [PMID: 31759069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra. The exact mechanism by which dopaminergic neurodegeneration occurs is still unknown; however, mitochondrial dysfunction has long been implicated in PD pathogenesis. To investigate the sub-cellular events that lead to disease progression and to develop personalized interventions, non-neuronal cells which are collected in a minimally invasive manner can be key to test interventions aimed at improving mitochondrial function. We used human skin fibroblasts from sporadic PD (sPD) patients as a cell proxy to detect metabolic and mitochondrial alterations which would also exist in a non-neuronal cell type. In this model, we used a glucose-free/galactose- glutamine- and pyruvate-containing cell culture medium, which forces cells to be more dependent on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for energy production, in order to reveal hidden metabolic and mitochondrial alterations present in fibroblasts from sPD patients. We demonstrated that fibroblasts from sPD patients show hyperpolarized and elongated mitochondrial networks and higher mitochondrial ROS concentration, as well as decreased ATP levels and glycolysis-related ECAR. Our results also showed that abnormalities of fibroblasts from sPD patients became more evident when stimulating OXPHOS. Under these culture conditions, fibroblasts from sPD cells presented decreased basal respiration, ATP-linked OCR and maximal respiration, and increased mitochondria-targeting phosphorylation of DRP1 when compared to control cells. Our work validates the relevance of using fibroblasts from sPD patients to study cellular and molecular changes that are characteristic of dopaminergic neurodegeneration of PD, and shows that forcing mitochondrial OXPHOS uncovers metabolic defects that were otherwise hidden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia M Deus
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana P Pereira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; LaMetEx - Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Cunha-Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Francisco B Pereira
- Center for Informatics and Systems, University of Coimbra, Polo II, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Polytechnic - ISEC, 3030-193 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Raimundo
- Institute of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal.
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15
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Maimaitiming A, Xiao K, Hu C, Chen J, Yang XH, Zhou DH, Gao LP, Dong XP, Shi Q. Aberrant Decrease of the Endogenous SIRT3 and Increases of Acetylated Proteins in Scrapie-Infected Cell Line SMB-S15 and in the Brains of Experimental Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4293-4302. [PMID: 31545894 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The linkage between mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases including prion diseases has been frequently reported. As the major deacetylase in mitochondria, SIRT3 plays a crucial part in regulating the function of many mitochondrial proteins. Although SIRT3 was reported to be linked to several neurodegenerative diseases, it is still unknown if SIRT3 is involved in prion diseases. In this study, we have presented a substantially declined status of mitochondrial SIRT3 in both the levels of cultured cells and an experimental rodent model during scrapie prion replication and infection. Such decreased SIRT3 activity led to a decreased deacetylating activity, resulting in increases of the acetylated forms of some substrates of SIRT3 in cells, such as SOD2 and ATP5β. Declined SOD2 and ATP5β activities subsequently caused an increase of intracellular ROS and a reduction of ATP. Furthermore, we have also proposed evidence that the activity of cellular SIRT3 is partially recovered when abnormal prion propagation in the cultured cells is removed by resveratrol. Those data emphasize a close connection between the prion replication and mitochondrial deacetylation due to SIRT3, thereby partially explaining mitochondrial dysfunction in prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalaiti Maimaitiming
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Road 155, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Road 155, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Road 155, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Road 155, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xue-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Road 155, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dong-Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Road 155, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Road 155, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Road 155, Beijing 102206, China
- Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Road 155, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Road 155, Beijing 102206, China
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16
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Thellung S, Corsaro A, Nizzari M, Barbieri F, Florio T. Autophagy Activator Drugs: A New Opportunity in Neuroprotection from Misfolded Protein Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040901. [PMID: 30791416 PMCID: PMC6412775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to critically analyze promises and limitations of pharmacological inducers of autophagy against protein misfolding-associated neurodegeneration. Effective therapies against neurodegenerative disorders can be developed by regulating the “self-defense” equipment of neurons, such as autophagy. Through the degradation and recycling of the intracellular content, autophagy promotes neuron survival in conditions of trophic factor deprivation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial and lysosomal damage, or accumulation of misfolded proteins. Autophagy involves the activation of self-digestive pathways, which is different for dynamics (macro, micro and chaperone-mediated autophagy), or degraded material (mitophagy, lysophagy, aggrephagy). All neurodegenerative disorders share common pathogenic mechanisms, including the impairment of autophagic flux, which causes the inability to remove the neurotoxic oligomers of misfolded proteins. Pharmacological activation of autophagy is typically achieved by blocking the kinase activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) enzymatic complex 1 (mTORC1), removing its autophagy suppressor activity observed under physiological conditions; acting in this way, rapamycin provided the first proof of principle that pharmacological autophagy enhancement can induce neuroprotection through the facilitation of oligomers’ clearance. The demand for effective disease-modifying strategies against neurodegenerative disorders is currently stimulating the development of a wide number of novel molecules, as well as the re-evaluation of old drugs for their pro-autophagic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Thellung
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Corsaro
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Mario Nizzari
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Federica Barbieri
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Tullio Florio
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy.
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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17
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Neuroinflammation, Microglia, and Cell-Association during Prion Disease. Viruses 2019; 11:v11010065. [PMID: 30650564 PMCID: PMC6356204 DOI: 10.3390/v11010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion disorders are transmissible diseases caused by a proteinaceous infectious agent that can infect the lymphatic and nervous systems. The clinical features of prion diseases can vary, but common hallmarks in the central nervous system (CNS) are deposition of abnormally folded protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres or PrPSc), astrogliosis, microgliosis, and neurodegeneration. Numerous proinflammatory effectors expressed by astrocytes and microglia are increased in the brain during prion infection, with many of them potentially damaging to neurons when chronically upregulated. Microglia are important first responders to foreign agents and damaged cells in the CNS, but these immune-like cells also serve many essential functions in the healthy CNS. Our current understanding is that microglia are beneficial during prion infection and critical to host defense against prion disease. Studies indicate that reduction of the microglial population accelerates disease and increases PrPSc burden in the CNS. Thus, microglia are unlikely to be a foci of prion propagation in the brain. In contrast, neurons and astrocytes are known to be involved in prion replication and spread. Moreover, certain astrocytes, such as A1 reactive astrocytes, have proven neurotoxic in other neurodegenerative diseases, and thus might also influence the progression of prion-associated neurodegeneration.
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18
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Zhu T, Chen JL, Wang Q, Shao W, Qi B. Modulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Insight Into Prion Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:336. [PMID: 30455640 PMCID: PMC6230661 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common and prominent feature of prion diseases and other neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that constantly fuse with one another and subsequently break apart. Defective or superfluous mitochondria are usually eliminated by a form of autophagy, referred to as mitophagy, to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Mitochondrial dynamics are tightly regulated by processes including fusion and fission. Dysfunction of mitochondrial dynamics can lead to the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria and contribute to cellular damage. Neurons are among the cell types that consume the most energy, have a highly complex morphology, and are particularly dependent on mitochondrial functions and dynamics. In this review article, we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial dynamics and the regulation of mitophagy and discuss the dysfunction of these processes in the progression of prion diseases and other neurodegenerative disorders. We have also provided an overview of mitochondrial dynamics as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingsen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenhan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baomin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Shah SZA, Zhao D, Hussain T, Sabir N, Mangi MH, Yang L. p62-Keap1-NRF2-ARE Pathway: A Contentious Player for Selective Targeting of Autophagy, Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Prion Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:310. [PMID: 30337853 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00310/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of fatal and debilitating neurodegenerative diseases affecting humans and animal species. The conversion of a non-pathogenic normal cellular protein (PrPc) into an abnormal infectious, protease-resistant, pathogenic form prion protein scrapie (PrPSc), is considered the etiology of these diseases. PrPSc accumulates in the affected individual's brain in the form of extracellular plaques. The molecular pathways leading to neuronal cell death in prion diseases are still unclear. The free radical damage, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a key role in the pathogenesis of the various neurodegenerative disorders including prion diseases. The brain is very sensitive to changes in the redox status. It has been demonstrated that PrPc behaves as an antioxidant, while the neurotoxic prion peptide PrPSc increases hydrogen peroxide toxicity in the neuronal cultures leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is an oxidative responsive pathway and a guardian of lifespan, which protect the cells from free radical stress-mediated cell death. The reduced glutathione, a major small molecule antioxidant present in all mammalian cells, and produced by several downstream target genes of NRF2, counterbalances the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In recent years, it has emerged that the ubiquitin-binding protein, p62-mediated induction of autophagy, is crucial for NRF2 activation and elimination of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The current review article, focuses on the role of NRF2 pathway in prion diseases to mitigate the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tariq Hussain
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Naveed Sabir
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mazhar Hussain Mangi
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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20
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Shah SZA, Zhao D, Hussain T, Sabir N, Mangi MH, Yang L. p62-Keap1-NRF2-ARE Pathway: A Contentious Player for Selective Targeting of Autophagy, Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Prion Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:310. [PMID: 30337853 PMCID: PMC6180192 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of fatal and debilitating neurodegenerative diseases affecting humans and animal species. The conversion of a non-pathogenic normal cellular protein (PrPc) into an abnormal infectious, protease-resistant, pathogenic form prion protein scrapie (PrPSc), is considered the etiology of these diseases. PrPSc accumulates in the affected individual’s brain in the form of extracellular plaques. The molecular pathways leading to neuronal cell death in prion diseases are still unclear. The free radical damage, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a key role in the pathogenesis of the various neurodegenerative disorders including prion diseases. The brain is very sensitive to changes in the redox status. It has been demonstrated that PrPc behaves as an antioxidant, while the neurotoxic prion peptide PrPSc increases hydrogen peroxide toxicity in the neuronal cultures leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is an oxidative responsive pathway and a guardian of lifespan, which protect the cells from free radical stress-mediated cell death. The reduced glutathione, a major small molecule antioxidant present in all mammalian cells, and produced by several downstream target genes of NRF2, counterbalances the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In recent years, it has emerged that the ubiquitin-binding protein, p62-mediated induction of autophagy, is crucial for NRF2 activation and elimination of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The current review article, focuses on the role of NRF2 pathway in prion diseases to mitigate the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tariq Hussain
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Naveed Sabir
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mazhar Hussain Mangi
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Shah SZA, Zhao D, Hussain T, Sabir N, Yang L. Regulation of MicroRNAs-Mediated Autophagic Flux: A New Regulatory Avenue for Neurodegenerative Diseases With Focus on Prion Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:139. [PMID: 29867448 PMCID: PMC5962651 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal neurological disorders affecting various mammalian species including humans. Lack of proper diagnostic tools and non-availability of therapeutic remedies are hindering the control strategies for prion diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abundant endogenous short non-coding essential RNA molecules that negatively regulate the target genes after transcription. Several biological processes depend on miRNAs, and altered profiles of these miRNAs are potential biomarkers for various neurodegenerative diseases, including prion diseases. Autophagic flux degrades the misfolded prion proteins to reduce chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress and enhance cell survival. Recent evidence suggests that specific miRNAs target and regulate the autophagic mechanism, which is critical for alleviating cellular stress. miRNAs-mediated regulation of these specific proteins involved in the autophagy represents a new target with highly significant therapeutic prospects. Here, we will briefly describe the biology of miRNAs, the use of miRNAs as potential biomarkers with their credibility, the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in major neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and prion diseases, degradation pathways for aggregated prion proteins, the role of autophagy in prion diseases. Finally, we will discuss the miRNAs-modulated autophagic flux in neurodegenerative diseases and employ them as potential therapeutic intervention strategy in prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tariq Hussain
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Naveed Sabir
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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22
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Li C, Wang D, Wu W, Yang W, Ali Shah SZ, Zhao Y, Duan Y, Wang L, Zhou X, Zhao D, Yang L. DLP1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation and redistribution mediate prion-associated mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death. Aging Cell 2018; 17. [PMID: 29166700 PMCID: PMC5771399 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial malfunction is a universal and critical step in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases including prion diseases. Dynamin-like protein 1 (DLP1) is one of the key regulators of mitochondrial fission. In this study, we investigated the role of DLP1 in mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction in neurons using in vitro and in vivo prion disease models. Mitochondria became fragmented and redistributed from axons to soma, correlated with increased mitochondrial DLP1 expression in murine primary neurons (N2a cells) treated with the prion peptide PrP106-126 in vitro as well as in prion strain-infected hamster brain in vivo. Suppression of DLP1 expression by DPL1 RNAi inhibited prion-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction (measured by ADP/ATP ratio, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial integrity). We also demonstrated that DLP1 RNAi is neuroprotective against prion peptide in N2a cells as shown by improved cell viability and decreased apoptosis markers, caspase 3 induced by PrP106-126 . On the contrary, overexpression of DLP1 exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Moreover, inhibition of DLP1 expression ameliorated PrP106-126 -induced neurite loss and synaptic abnormalities (i.e., loss of dendritic spine and PSD-95, a postsynaptic scaffolding protein as a marker of synaptic plasticity) in primary neurons, suggesting that altered DLP1 expression and mitochondrial fragmentation are upstream events that mediate PrP106-126 -induced neuron loss and degeneration. Our findings suggest that DLP1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation and redistribution plays a pivotal role in PrPSc -associated mitochondria dysfunction and neuron apoptosis. Inhibition of DLP1 may be a novel and effective strategy in the prevention and treatment of prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosi Li
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory; State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ministry of Agriculture; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Di Wang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory; State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ministry of Agriculture; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Wei Wu
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory; State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ministry of Agriculture; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Wei Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory; State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ministry of Agriculture; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory; State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ministry of Agriculture; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Ying Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory; State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ministry of Agriculture; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Yuhan Duan
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory; State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ministry of Agriculture; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Lu Wang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory; State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ministry of Agriculture; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory; State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ministry of Agriculture; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory; State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ministry of Agriculture; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory; State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ministry of Agriculture; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
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23
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Jeong JK, Lee YJ, Jeong SY, Jeong S, Lee GW, Park SY. Autophagic flux induced by graphene oxide has a neuroprotective effect against human prion protein fragments. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:8143-8158. [PMID: 29184404 PMCID: PMC5687491 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s146398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a nanomaterial with newly developing biological applications. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that has been associated with the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Although induction of autophagic flux by GO has been reported, the underlying signaling pathway in neurodegenerative disorders and how this is involved in neuroprotection remain obscure. We show that GO itself activates autophagic flux in neuronal cells and confers a neuroprotective effect against prion protein (PrP) (106–126)-mediated neurotoxicity. GO can be detected in SK-N-SH neuronal cells, where it triggers autophagic flux signaling. GO-induced autophagic flux prevented PrP (106–126)-induced neurotoxicity in SK-N-SH cells. Moreover, inactivation of autophagic flux blocked GO-induced neuroprotection against prion-mediated mitochondrial neurotoxicity. This is the first study to demonstrate that GO regulates autophagic flux in neuronal cells, and that activation of autophagic flux signals, induced by GO, plays a neuroprotective role against prion-mediated mitochondrial neurotoxicity. These results suggest that the nanomaterial GO may be used to activate autophagic flux and could be used in neuroprotective strategies for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, including prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Kyo Jeong
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan
| | - You-Jin Lee
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan
| | - Seung Yol Jeong
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon.,Department of Electrical Functionality Material Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Jeong
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon
| | - Geon-Woong Lee
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan
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Shah SZA, Zhao D, Hussain T, Yang L. Role of the AMPK pathway in promoting autophagic flux via modulating mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegenerative diseases: Insight into prion diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 40:51-63. [PMID: 28903070 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are highly energy demanding cells dependent on the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system. Mitochondria generate energy via respiratory complexes that constitute the electron transport chain. Adenosine triphosphate depletion or glucose starvation act as a trigger for the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is an evolutionarily conserved protein that plays an important role in cell survival and organismal longevity through modulation of energy homeostasis and autophagy. Several studies suggest that AMPK activation may improve energy metabolism and protein clearance in the brains of patients with vascular injury or neurodegenerative disease. Mild mitochondrial dysfunction leads to activated AMPK signaling, but severe endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may lead to a shift from autophagy towards apoptosis and perturbed AMPK signaling. Hence, controlling mitochondrial dynamics and autophagic flux via AMPK activation might be a useful therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative diseases to reinstate energy homeostasis and degrade misfolded proteins. In this review article, we discuss briefly the role of AMPK signaling in energy homeostasis, the structure of AMPK, activation mechanisms of AMPK, regulation of AMPK, the role of AMPK in autophagy, the role of AMPK in neurodegenerative diseases, and finally the role of autophagic flux in prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tariq Hussain
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Mitochondrial Respiration Is Impaired during Late-Stage Hamster Prion Infection. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00524-17. [PMID: 28659480 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00524-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial to proper neuronal function and overall brain health. Mitochondrial dysfunction within the brain has been observed in many neurodegenerative diseases, including prion disease. Several markers of decreased mitochondrial activity during prion infection have been reported, yet the bioenergetic respiratory status of mitochondria from prion-infected animals is unknown. Here we show that clinically ill transgenic mice overexpressing hamster prion protein (Tg7) infected with the hamster prion strain 263K suffer from a severe deficit in mitochondrial oxygen consumption in response to the respiratory complex II substrate succinate. Characterization of the mitochondrial proteome of purified brain mitochondria from infected and uninfected Tg7 mice showed significant differences in the relative abundance of key mitochondrial electron transport proteins in 263K-infected animals relative to that in controls. Our results suggest that at clinical stages of prion infection, dysregulation of respiratory chain proteins may lead to impairment of mitochondrial respiration in the brain.IMPORTANCE Mitochondrial dysfunction is present in most major neurodegenerative diseases, and some studies have suggested that mitochondrial processes may be altered during prion disease. Here we show that hamster prion-infected transgenic mice overexpressing the hamster prion protein (Tg7 mice) suffer from mitochondrial respiratory deficits. Tg7 mice infected with the 263K hamster prion strain have little or no signs of mitochondrial dysfunction at the disease midpoint but suffer from a severe deficit in mitochondrial respiration at the clinical phase of disease. A proteomic analysis of the isolated brain mitochondria from clinically affected animals showed that several proteins involved in electron transport, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitochondrial protein synthesis were dysregulated. These results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction, possibly exacerbated by prion protein overexpression, occurs at late stages during 263K prion disease and that this dysfunction may be the result of dysregulation of mitochondrial proteins.
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Carroll JA, Race B, Phillips K, Striebel JF, Chesebro B. Statins are ineffective at reducing neuroinflammation or prolonging survival in scrapie-infected mice. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2190-2199. [PMID: 28758631 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a prominent component of several neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, tauopathies, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and prion diseases. In such conditions, the ability to decrease neuroinflammation by drug therapy may influence disease progression. Statins have been used to treat hyperlipidemia as well as reduce neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in various tissues. In previous studies, treatment of scrapie-infected mice with the type 1 statins, simvastatin or pravastatin, showed a small beneficial effect on survival time. In the current study, to increase the effectiveness of statin therapy, we treated infected mice with atorvastatin, a type 2 statin that has improved pharmacokinetics over many type 1 statins. Treatments with either simvastatin or pravastatin were tested for comparison. We evaluated scrapie-infected mice for protease-resistant PrP (PrPres) accumulation, gliosis, neuroinflammation and time until advanced clinical disease requiring euthanasia. All three statin treatments reduced total serum cholesterol ≥40 % in mice. However, gliosis and PrPres deposition were similar in statin-treated and untreated infected mice. Time to euthanasia due to advanced clinical signs was not changed in statin-treated mice relative to untreated mice, a finding at odds with previous reports. Expression of 84 inflammatory genes involved in neuroinflammation was also quantitated. Seven genes were reduced by pravastatin, and one gene was reduced by atorvastatin. In contrast, simvastatin therapy did not reduce any of the tested genes, but did slightly increase the expression of Ccl2 and Cxcl13. Our studies indicate that none of the three statins tested were effective in reducing scrapie-induced neuroinflammation or neuropathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Carroll
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Brent Race
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Katie Phillips
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - James F Striebel
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Bruce Chesebro
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
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Mitochondrial-Targeted Catalase: Extended Longevity and the Roles in Various Disease Models. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 146:203-241. [PMID: 28253986 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The free-radical theory of aging was proposed more than 50 years ago. As one of the most popular mechanisms explaining the aging process, it has been extensively studied in several model organisms. However, the results remain controversial. The mitochondrial version of free-radical theory of aging proposes that mitochondria are both the primary sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the primary targets of ROS-induced damage. One critical ROS is hydrogen peroxide, which is naturally degraded by catalase in peroxisomes or glutathione peroxidase within mitochondria. Our laboratory developed mice-overexpressing catalase targeted to mitochondria (mCAT), peroxisomes (pCAT), or the nucleus (nCAT) in order to investigate the role of hydrogen peroxide in different subcellular compartments in aging and age-related diseases. The mCAT mice have demonstrated the largest effects on life span and healthspan extension. This chapter will discuss the mCAT phenotype and review studies using mCAT to investigate the roles of mitochondrial oxidative stresses in various disease models, including metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis, cardiac aging, heart failure, skeletal muscle pathology, sensory defect, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. As ROS has been increasingly recognized as essential signaling molecules that may be beneficial in hormesis, stress response and immunity, the potential pleiotropic, or adverse effects of mCAT are also discussed. Finally, the development of small-molecule mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic approaches is reviewed.
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28
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Cellular prion protein is present in mitochondria of healthy mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41556. [PMID: 28148964 PMCID: PMC5288712 DOI: 10.1038/srep41556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a mammalian glycoprotein which is usually found anchored to the plasma membrane via a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. PrPC misfolds to a pathogenic isoform PrPSc, the causative agent of neurodegenerative prion diseases. The precise function of PrPC remains elusive but may depend upon its cellular localization. Here we show that PrPC is present in brain mitochondria from 6–12 week old wild-type and transgenic mice in the absence of disease. Mitochondrial PrPC was fully processed with mature N-linked glycans and did not require the GPI anchor for localization. Protease treatment of purified mitochondria suggested that mitochondrial PrPC exists as a transmembrane isoform with the C-terminus facing the mitochondrial matrix and the N-terminus facing the intermembrane space. Taken together, our data suggest that PrPC can be found in mitochondria in the absence of disease, old age, mutation, or overexpression and that PrPC may affect mitochondrial function.
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29
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Yang XD, Shi Q, Sun J, Lv Y, Ma Y, Chen C, Xiao K, Zhou W, Dong XP. Aberrant Alterations of Mitochondrial Factors Drp1 and Opa1 in the Brains of Scrapie Experiment Rodents. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 61:368-378. [PMID: 27921253 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal mitochondrial dynamics has been reported in the brains of some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), but limitedly described in prion disease. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drpl) and optic atrophy protein 1 (Opa1) are two essential elements for mitochondria fission and fusion. To evaluate possible changes of mitochondria dynamics during prion infection, the situations of brain Drp1 and Opa1 of scrapie strains 139A, ME7, and S15 mice, as well as 263K-infected hamsters, were analyzed. Significant decreases of brain Drp1 were observed in scrapie-infected rodents at terminal stage by Western blots and immunohistochemical assays, while the levels of Opa1 also showed declined tendency in the brains of scrapie-infected rodents. Immunofluorescent assays illustrated well localization of Drp1 or Opa1 within NeuN-positive cells. Moreover, the S-nitrosylated forms of Drp1significantly increased in the brain tissues of 139A- and ME7-infected mice at terminal stage. Dynamic analysis of Drp1 and SNO-Dpr1 in the brains collected at different time points within the incubation period of 139A-infected mice demonstrated that the whole Drp1 decreased at all tested samples, whereas the SNO-Drp1 remarkably increased in the sample of 90-day post-infection (dpi), reached to the peak in that of 120 dpi and dropped down but still maintained at higher level at the end of disease. The levels of apoptotic factors cleaved caspase 9, caspase 3, and Bax were also markedly increased in the brain tissues of the mice infected with agents 139A and ME7. Our data indicate a disorder of mitochondria dynamics in the brains of prion infection, largely depending on the abnormal alteration of brain Drp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao -Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yan Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China. .,Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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30
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Ansoleaga B, Garcia-Esparcia P, Llorens F, Hernández-Ortega K, Carmona Tech M, Antonio Del Rio J, Zerr I, Ferrer I. Altered Mitochondria, Protein Synthesis Machinery, and Purine Metabolism Are Molecular Contributors to the Pathogenesis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:755-769. [PMID: 27297670 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuron loss, synaptic decline, and spongiform change are the hallmarks of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), and may be related to deficiencies in mitochondria, energy metabolism, and protein synthesis. To investigate these relationships, we determined the expression levels of genes encoding subunits of the 5 protein complexes of the electron transport chain, proteins involved in energy metabolism, nucleolar and ribosomal proteins, and enzymes of purine metabolism in frontal cortex samples from 15 cases of sCJD MM1 and age-matched controls. We also assessed the protein expression levels of subunits of the respiratory chain, initiation and elongation translation factors of protein synthesis, and localization of selected mitochondrial components. We identified marked, generalized alterations of mRNA and protein expression of most subunits of all 5 mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in sCJD cases. Expression of molecules involved in protein synthesis and purine metabolism were also altered in sCJD. These findings point to altered mRNA and protein expression of components of mitochondria, protein synthesis machinery, and purine metabolism as components of the pathogenesis of CJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Ansoleaga
- From the Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (BA, PG-E, KH-O, MC, IF); CIBERNED, Network Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III, Spain (PG-E, KH-O, MC, JAR, IF); Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical School, Georg-August University and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany (FL, IZ); Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JAR); and Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (IF)
| | - Paula Garcia-Esparcia
- From the Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (BA, PG-E, KH-O, MC, IF); CIBERNED, Network Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III, Spain (PG-E, KH-O, MC, JAR, IF); Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical School, Georg-August University and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany (FL, IZ); Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JAR); and Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (IF)
| | - Franc Llorens
- From the Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (BA, PG-E, KH-O, MC, IF); CIBERNED, Network Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III, Spain (PG-E, KH-O, MC, JAR, IF); Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical School, Georg-August University and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany (FL, IZ); Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JAR); and Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (IF)
| | - Karina Hernández-Ortega
- From the Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (BA, PG-E, KH-O, MC, IF); CIBERNED, Network Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III, Spain (PG-E, KH-O, MC, JAR, IF); Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical School, Georg-August University and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany (FL, IZ); Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JAR); and Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (IF)
| | - Margarita Carmona Tech
- From the Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (BA, PG-E, KH-O, MC, IF); CIBERNED, Network Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III, Spain (PG-E, KH-O, MC, JAR, IF); Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical School, Georg-August University and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany (FL, IZ); Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JAR); and Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (IF)
| | - José Antonio Del Rio
- From the Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (BA, PG-E, KH-O, MC, IF); CIBERNED, Network Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III, Spain (PG-E, KH-O, MC, JAR, IF); Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical School, Georg-August University and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany (FL, IZ); Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JAR); and Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (IF)
| | - Inga Zerr
- From the Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (BA, PG-E, KH-O, MC, IF); CIBERNED, Network Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III, Spain (PG-E, KH-O, MC, JAR, IF); Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical School, Georg-August University and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany (FL, IZ); Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JAR); and Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (IF)
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- From the Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (BA, PG-E, KH-O, MC, IF); CIBERNED, Network Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III, Spain (PG-E, KH-O, MC, JAR, IF); Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical School, Georg-August University and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany (FL, IZ); Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JAR); and Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (IF).
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Asuni AA, Guridi M, Sanchez S, Sadowski MJ. Antioxidant peroxiredoxin 6 protein rescues toxicity due to oxidative stress and cellular hypoxia in vitro, and attenuates prion-related pathology in vivo. Neurochem Int 2015; 90:152-65. [PMID: 26265052 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are common pathomechanisms that underlie neurodegenerative diseases. In prion disease, central to these processes is the post-translational transformation of cellular prion protein (PrP(c)) to the aberrant conformationally altered isoform; PrP(Sc). This can trigger oxidative reactions and impair mitochondrial function by increasing levels of peroxynitrite, causing damage through formation of hydroxyl radicals or via nitration of tyrosine residues on proteins. The 6 member Peroxiredoxin (Prdx) family of redox proteins are thought to be critical protectors against oxidative stress via reduction of H2O2, hydroperoxides and peroxynitrite. In our in vitro studies cellular metabolism of SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells was significantly decreased in the presence of H2O2 (oxidative stressor) or CoCl2 (cellular hypoxia), but was rescued by treatment with exogenous Prdx6, suggesting that its protective action is in part mediated through a direct action. We also show that CoCl2-induced apoptosis was significantly decreased by treatment with exogenous Prdx6. We proposed a redox regulator role for Prdx6 in regulating and maintaining cellular homeostasis via its ability to control ROS levels that could otherwise accelerate the emergence of prion-related neuropathology. To confirm this, we established prion disease in mice with and without astrocyte-specific antioxidant protein Prdx6, and demonstrated that expression of Prdx6 protein in Prdx6 Tg ME7-animals reduced severity of the behavioural deficit, decreased neuropathology and increased survival time compared to Prdx6 KO ME7-animals. We conclude that antioxidant Prdx6 attenuates prion-related neuropathology, and propose that augmentation of endogenous Prdx6 protein represents an attractive adjunct therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji A Asuni
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Maitea Guridi
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sandrine Sanchez
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Martin J Sadowski
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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32
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O. Bastian F. Is Alzheimer's Disease Infectious?<br><i>Relative to the CJD Bacterial Infection Model of Neurodegeneration</i>. AIMS Neurosci 2015. [DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2015.4.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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33
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Guo BB, Bellingham SA, Hill AF. The neutral sphingomyelinase pathway regulates packaging of the prion protein into exosomes. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:3455-67. [PMID: 25505180 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.605253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of transmissible, fatal neurodegenerative disorders associated with the misfolding of the host-encoded prion protein, PrP(C), into a disease-associated form, PrP(Sc). The transmissible prion agent is principally formed of PrP(Sc) itself and is associated with extracellular vesicles known as exosomes. Exosomes are released from cells both in vitro and in vivo, and have been proposed as a mechanism by which prions spread intercellularly. The biogenesis of exosomes occurs within the endosomal system, through formation of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs), which are subsequently released from cells as exosomes. ILV formation is known to be regulated by the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, although an alternative neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) pathway has been suggested to also regulate this process. Here, we investigate a role for the nSMase pathway in exosome biogenesis and packaging of PrP into these vesicles. Inhibition of the nSMase pathway using GW4869 revealed a role for the nSMase pathway in both exosome formation and PrP packaging. In agreement, targeted knockdown of nSMase1 and nSMase2 in mouse neurons using lentivirus-mediated RNAi also decreases exosome release, demonstrating the nSMase pathway regulates the biogenesis and release of exosomes. We also demonstrate that PrP(C) packaging is dependent on nSMase2, whereas the packaging of disease-associated PrP(Sc) into exosomes occurs independently of nSMase2. These findings provide further insight into prion transmission and identify a pathway which directly assists exosome-mediated transmission of prions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda B Guo
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia and the Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Shayne A Bellingham
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia and the Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia and the Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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