1
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Witt KD. Role of MHC class I pathways in Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen presentation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1107884. [PMID: 37009503 PMCID: PMC10050577 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1107884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
MHC class I antigen processing is an underappreciated area of nonviral host–pathogen interactions, bridging both immunology and cell biology, where the pathogen’s natural life cycle involves little presence in the cytoplasm. The effective response to MHC-I foreign antigen presentation is not only cell death but also phenotypic changes in other cells and stimulation of the memory cells ready for the next antigen reoccurrence. This review looks at the MHC-I antigen processing pathway and potential alternative sources of the antigens, focusing on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) as an intracellular pathogen that co-evolved with humans and developed an array of decoy strategies to survive in a hostile environment by manipulating host immunity to its own advantage. As that happens via the selective antigen presentation process, reinforcement of the effective antigen recognition on MHC-I molecules may stimulate subsets of effector cells that act earlier and more locally. Vaccines against tuberculosis (TB) could potentially eliminate this disease, yet their development has been slow, and success is limited in the context of this global disease’s spread. This review’s conclusions set out potential directions for MHC-I-focused approaches for the next generation of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina D. Witt
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Karolina D. Witt,
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2
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Meshkini F, Moradi A, Hosseinkhani S. Upregulation of RIPK1 implicates in HEK 293T cell death upon transient transfection of A53T-α-synuclein. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123216. [PMID: 36634793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-synuclein (α-SN) is the central protein in synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms through which α-SN leads to neuronal death remain unclear. METHODS To elucidate the relationship between α-SN and apoptosis, some indicators of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic cell death were assessed in normal and a stable HEK293T cell line expressing firefly luciferase after transfection with the wild-type (WT) and A53T mutant α-SN. RESULTS Opposite to WT-α-SN, overexpression of A53T-α-SN resulted in enhanced expression of almost two fold for RIPK1 (93.0 %), FADD (45 %), Caspase-8, and Casp-9 activity (52.0 %) in measured time. Transfection of both WT-α-SN and A53T-α-SN showed an increase in the Casp-3/Procasp-3 ratio (WT: 60.5 %; A53T: 41.0 %), Casp-3 activity (WT: 65.0 %; A53T: 20.5 %), and a decrease in luciferase activity (WT: 50 %; A53T: 34.8 %). Overexpression of A53T-α-SN brought about with more cell death percentage compared to WT-α-SN within 36 h. No significant alteration in cytochrome c and reactive oxygen species release into cytosol were observed for both WT-α-SN and A53T-α-SN. CONCLUSION Altogether, these findings highlight the link between disease related mutants of α-SN (like A53T-α-SN) in triggering of RIPK1-dependent extrinsic apoptotic pathway in cell death during neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Meshkini
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Moradi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Nisa A, Kipper FC, Panigrahy D, Tiwari S, Kupz A, Subbian S. Different modalities of host cell death and their impact on Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1444-C1474. [PMID: 36189975 PMCID: PMC9662802 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00246.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB), a leading infectious disease of humans worldwide. One of the main histopathological hallmarks of TB is the formation of granulomas comprised of elaborately organized aggregates of immune cells containing the pathogen. Dissemination of Mtb from infected cells in the granulomas due to host and mycobacterial factors induces multiple cell death modalities in infected cells. Based on molecular mechanism, morphological characteristics, and signal dependency, there are two main categories of cell death: programmed and nonprogrammed. Programmed cell death (PCD), such as apoptosis and autophagy, is associated with a protective response to Mtb by keeping the bacteria encased within dead macrophages that can be readily phagocytosed by arriving in uninfected or neighboring cells. In contrast, non-PCD necrotic cell death favors the pathogen, resulting in bacterial release into the extracellular environment. Multiple types of cell death in the PCD category, including pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, ETosis, parthanatos, and PANoptosis, may be involved in Mtb infection. Since PCD pathways are essential for host immunity to Mtb, therapeutic compounds targeting cell death signaling pathways have been experimentally tested for TB treatment. This review summarizes different modalities of Mtb-mediated host cell deaths, the molecular mechanisms underpinning host cell death during Mtb infection, and its potential implications for host immunity. In addition, targeting host cell death pathways as potential therapeutic and preventive approaches against Mtb infection is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annuurun Nisa
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Franciele C Kipper
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sangeeta Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), University of Texas, El Paso, Texas
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
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4
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Li J, Wang JL, Gan CY, Cai XF, Wang YW, Long QX, Sun YX, Wei XF, Cui J, Huang AL, Hu JL. Caspase sensors based on NanoLuc. J Biotechnol 2022; 357:100-107. [PMID: 35963591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Caspases are a family of evolutionary conserved cysteine proteases that play key roles in programmed cell death and inflammation. Among the methods for the detection of caspase activity, biosensors based on luciferases have advantages in genetical encoding and convenience in assay. In this study, we constructed a new set of caspase biosensors based on NanoLuc luciferase. This kind of sensors, named NanoLock, work in dark-to-bright model, with the help of a NanoLuc quencher peptide (HiBiT-R/D) mutated from HiBiT. Optimized NanoLock responded to proteases with high signal to noise ratio (S/N), 1233-fold activation by tobacco etch virus protease in HEK293 cells and > 500-fold induction to caspase 3 in vitro. We constructed NanoLocks for the detection of caspase 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, and assays in HEK293 cells demonstrated that these sensors performed better than commercial kits in the aspect of S/N and convenience. We further established a cell line stably expressing NanoLock-casp 6 and provided a proof-of-concept for the usage of this cell line in the high throughput screening of caspase 6 modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Yang Gan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Fei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China; Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China; Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Quan-Xin Long
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Xue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia-Fei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ai-Long Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jie-Li Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Nguyen HT, Falzarano D, Gerdts V, Liu Q. Construction of a Noninfectious SARS-CoV-2 Replicon for Antiviral-Drug Testing and Gene Function Studies. J Virol 2021; 95:e0068721. [PMID: 34191580 PMCID: PMC8387049 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00687-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread worldwide, resulting in global public health emergencies and economic crises. In the present study, a noninfectious and biosafety level 2 (BSL2)-compatible SARS-CoV-2 replicon expressing a nano luciferase (nLuc) reporter was constructed in a bacterial artificial chromosomal (BAC) vector by reverse genetics. The nLuc reporter is highly sensitive, easily quantifiable, and high throughput adaptable. Upon transfecting the SARS-CoV-2 replicon BAC plasmid DNA into Vero E6 cells, we could detect high levels of nLuc reporter activity and viral RNA transcript, suggesting the replication of the replicon. The replicon replication was further demonstrated by the findings that deleting nonstructural protein 15 or mutating its catalytic sites significantly reduced replicon replication, whereas providing the nucleocapsid protein in trans enhanced replicon replication in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, we showed that remdesivir, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved antiviral drug, significantly inhibited the replication of the replicon, providing proof of principle for the application of our replicon as a useful tool for developing antivirals. Taken together, this study established a sensitive and BSL2-compatible reporter system in a single BAC plasmid for investigating the functions of SARS-CoV-2 proteins in viral replication and evaluating antiviral compounds. This should contribute to the global effort to combat this deadly viral pathogen. IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is having a catastrophic impact on human lives. Combatting the pandemic requires effective vaccines and antiviral drugs. In the present study, we developed a SARS-CoV-2 replicon system with a sensitive and easily quantifiable reporter. Unlike studies involving infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus that must be performed in a biosafety level 3 (BSL3) facility, the replicon is noninfectious and thus can be safely used in BSL2 laboratories. The replicon will provide a valuable tool for testing antiviral drugs and studying SARS-CoV-2 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Trong Nguyen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Darryl Falzarano
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Qiang Liu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Vaccinology and Immunotherapeutics, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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6
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Pattanaik KP, Ganguli G, Naik SK, Sonawane A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis EsxL induces TNF-α secretion through activation of TLR2 dependent MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Mol Immunol 2021; 130:133-141. [PMID: 33419561 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) employs distinct strategies to circumvent host immune responses during the infection process. Various Mtb cell-wall associated and secretory proteins are known to play a critical role in the orchestration of host innate immune responses through modulation of signaling pathways. Mtb genome encodes for 23 (EsxA-EsxW) proteins belonging to the ESAT-6 like family; however, most of them are functionally unknown. Here, we show that Mtb EsxL induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production by activating nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) via interaction with Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2). Blocking or silencing of TLR2 abrogated nuclear translocation of NF-kB and TNF-α production. Treatment with recombinant purified EsxL (rEsxL) activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by inducing the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 kinase (p38) pathways. At the same time, inhibition of ERK and p38 down-regulated the expression of TNF-α in rEsxL exposed murine macrophages. Besides TNF-α, EsxL also induced the production of IL-6 proinflammatory cytokine. Taken together, these results suggest that EsxL is able to induce TNF-α secretion via TLR2 through activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling. This study will help in deducing therapeutic strategies for better control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geetanjali Ganguli
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sumanta Kumar Naik
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, IIT Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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7
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Mohareer K, Asalla S, Banerjee S. Cell death at the cross roads of host-pathogen interaction in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 113:99-121. [PMID: 30514519 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be the leading cause of death by any single infectious agent, accounting for around 1.7 million annual deaths globally, despite several interventions and support programs by national and international agencies. With the development of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), there has been a paradigm shift in TB research towards host-directed therapy. The potential targets include the interactions between host and bacterial proteins that are crucial for pathogenesis. Hence, collective efforts are being made to understand the molecular details of host-pathogen interaction for possible translation into host-directed therapy. The present review focuses on 'host cell death modalities' of host-pathogen interaction, which play a crucial role in determining the outcome of TB disease progression. Several cell death modalities that occur in response to mycobacterial infection have been identified in human macrophages either as host defences for bacterial clearance or as pathogen strategies for multiplication and dissemination. These cell death modalities include apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, pyronecrosis, NETosis, and autophagy. These processes are highly overlapping with several mycobacterial proteins participating in more than one cell death pathway. Until now, reviews in M. tb and host cell death have discussed either focusing on host evasion strategies, apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis or describing all these forms with limited discussions of their role in host-pathogen interactions. Here, we present a comprehensive review of various mycobacterial factors modulating host cell death pathways and the cross-talk between them. Besides this, we have discussed the networking of host cell death pathways including the interference of host miRNA during M. tb infection with their respective targets. Through this review, we present the host targets that overlap across several cell death modalities and the technical limitations of methodology in cell death research. Given the compelling need to discover alternative drug target(s), this review identifies these overlapping cell death factors as potential targets for host-directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaveni Mohareer
- Molecular Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500046
| | - Suman Asalla
- Molecular Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500046
| | - Sharmistha Banerjee
- Molecular Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500046.
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8
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Othman FN, Muthuraju S, Noor SSM, Abdullah S, Mohd Yusoff AA, Tharakan J, Bhaskar S, Mahmood MS, Kassim F, Rafia H, Mohd Haspani MS, Alias A, Pando RH, Abdullah JM, Jaafar H. Human tuberculosis brain promotes neuronal apoptosis but not in astrocytes with high expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 112:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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9
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Golichenari B, Nosrati R, Farokhi-Fard A, Abnous K, Vaziri F, Behravan J. Nano-biosensing approaches on tuberculosis: Defy of aptamers. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:319-331. [PMID: 29933223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a major global health problem caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) complex. According to WHO reports, 53 million TB patients died from 2000 to 2016. Therefore, early diagnosis of the disease is of great importance for global health care programs. The restrictions of traditional methods have encouraged the development of innovative methods for rapid, reliable, and cost-effective diagnosis of tuberculosis. In recent years, aptamer-based biosensors or aptasensors have drawn great attention to sensitive and accessible detection of tuberculosis. Aptamers are small short single-stranded molecules of DNA or RNA that fold to a unique form and bind to targets. Once combined with nanomaterials, nano-scale aptasensors provide powerful analytical platforms for diagnosing of tuberculosis. Various groups designed and studied aptamers specific for the whole cells of M. tuberculosis, mycobacterial proteins and IFN-γ for early diagnosis of TB. Advantages such as high specificity and strong affinity, potential for binding to a larger variety of targets, increased stability, lower costs of synthesis and storage requirements, and lower probability of contamination make aptasensors pivotal alternatives for future TB diagnostics. In recent years, the concept of SOMAmer has opened new horizons in high precision detection of tuberculosis biomarkers. This review article provides a description of the research progresses of aptamer-based and SOMAmer-based biosensors and nanobiosensors for the detection of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Golichenari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rahim Nosrati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Molecular Microbiology Research Center (MMRC), Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Farokhi-Fard
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Javad Behravan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Mediphage Bioceuticals, Inc., 661 University Avenue, Suite 1300, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Canada.
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Zhou J, Wang D, Xi Y, Zhu X, Yang Y, Lv M, Luo C, Chen J, Ye X, Fang L, Xiao S. Assessing activity of Hepatitis A virus 3C protease using a cyclized luciferase-based biosensor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:621-627. [PMID: 28501618 PMCID: PMC7092888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis A is an acute infection caused by Hepatitis A virus (HAV), which is widely distributed throughout the world. The HAV 3C cysteine protease (3Cpro), an important nonstructural protein, is responsible for most cleavage within the viral polyprotein and is critical for the processes of viral replication. Our group has previously demonstrated that HAV 3Cpro cleaves human NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO), a kinase required in interferon signaling. Based on this finding, we generated four luciferase-based biosensors containing the NEMO sequence (PVLKAQ↓ADIYKA) that is cleaved by HAV 3Cpro and/or the Nostoc punctiforme DnaE intein, to monitor the activity of HAV 3Cpro in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293T). Western blotting showed that HAV 3Cpro recognized and cleaved the NEMO cleavage sequence incorporated in the four biosensors, whereas only one cyclized luciferase-based biosensor (233-DnaE-HAV, 233DH) showed a measurable and reliable increase in firefly luciferase activity, with very low background, in the presence of HAV 3Cpro. With this biosensor (233DH), we monitored HAV 3Cpro activity in HEK-293T cells, and tested it against a catalytically deficient mutant HAV 3Cpro and other virus-encoded proteases. The results showed that the activity of this luciferase biosensor is specifically dependent on HAV 3Cpro. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the luciferase biosensor developed here might provide a rapid, sensitive, and efficient evaluation of HAV 3Cpro activity, and should extend our better understanding of the biological relevance of HAV 3Cpro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yongqiang Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengting Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuanzhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
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11
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den Hamer A, Dierickx P, Arts R, de Vries JSPM, Brunsveld L, Merkx M. Bright Bioluminescent BRET Sensor Proteins for Measuring Intracellular Caspase Activity. ACS Sens 2017; 2:729-734. [PMID: 28670623 PMCID: PMC5485374 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
![]()
FRET-based
caspase activity probes have become important tools
to monitor apoptotic cell signaling. However, their dependence on
external illumination is incompatible with light sensitive cells and
hampers applications that suffer from autofluorescence and light scattering.
Here we report the development of three caspase sensor proteins based
on Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) that retain the
advantages of genetically encoded, ratiometric optical probes but
do not require external illumination. These sensors consist of the
bright and stable luciferase NanoLuc and the fluorescent protein mNeonGreen,
fused together via a linker containing a recognition site for caspase-3,
-8, or -9. In vitro characterization showed that
each caspase sensor displayed a robust 10-fold decrease in BRET ratio
upon linker cleavage, with modest caspase specificity. Importantly,
whereas scattering and background fluorescence precluded FRET-based
detection of intracellular caspase activity in plate-reader assays,
such measurements could be easily performed using our caspase BRET
sensors in a high throughput format. The brightness of the BRET sensors
also enabled long-term single-cell imaging, allowing BRET-based recording
of cell heterogeneity in caspase activity in a heterogenic cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniek den Hamer
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech
2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pieterjan Dierickx
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division
of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Arts
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech
2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joost S. P. M de Vries
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech
2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech
2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Merkx
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech
2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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12
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Branchini BR, Southworth TL. A Highly Sensitive Biosensor for ATP Using a Chimeric Firefly Luciferase. Methods Enzymol 2017; 589:351-364. [PMID: 28336069 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Firefly luciferases, which emit visible light in a highly specific ATP-dependent process, have been adapted for a variety of applications based on the detection of the enzymes or using the proteins to measure ATP levels. Based on studies of chimeric luciferases, we engineered a novel luciferase called PLG2 that has enhanced specific activity, and thermal and pH stability compared to the commonly used Photinus pyralis luciferase. We present here protocols for preparing a single assay mixture containing PLG2 that can be used to readily detect femtomole levels of ATP. Our methodology can be used with a variety of samples, including human and bacterial cells, where measurements of ATP can be used as a biosensor for the detection of viable cells.
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13
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Friedrich A, Pechstein J, Berens C, Lührmann A. Modulation of host cell apoptotic pathways by intracellular pathogens. Curr Opin Microbiol 2017; 35:88-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Branchini BR, Southworth TL, Fontaine DM, Kohrt D, Talukder M, Michelini E, Cevenini L, Roda A, Grossel MJ. An enhanced chimeric firefly luciferase-inspired enzyme for ATP detection and bioluminescence reporter and imaging applications. Anal Biochem 2015; 484:148-53. [PMID: 26049097 PMCID: PMC4496250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Firefly luciferases, which emit visible light in a highly specific ATP-dependent process, have been adapted for a variety of applications, including gene reporter assays, whole-cell biosensor measurements, and in vivo imaging. We previously reported the approximately 2-fold enhanced activity and 1.4-fold greater bioluminescence quantum yield properties of a chimeric enzyme that contains the N-domain of Photinus pyralis luciferase joined to the C-domain of Luciola italica luciferase. Subsequently, we identified 5 amino acid changes based on L. italica that are the main determinants of the improved bioluminescence properties. Further engineering to enhance thermal and pH stability produced a novel luciferase called PLG2. We present here a systematic comparison of the spectral and physical properties of the new protein with P. pyralis luciferase and demonstrate the potential of PLG2 for use in assays based on the detection of femtomole levels of ATP. In addition, we compared the performance of a mammalian codon-optimized version of the cDNA for PLG2 with the luc2 gene in HEK293T cells. Using an optimized low-cost assay system, PLG2 activity can be monitored in mammalian cell lysates and living cells with 4.4-fold and approximately 3.0-fold greater sensitivity, respectively. PLG2 could be an improved alternative to Promega's luc2 for reporter and imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce R Branchini
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA.
| | - Tara L Southworth
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA
| | | | - Dawn Kohrt
- Department of Biology, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA
| | - Munya Talukder
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA
| | - Elisa Michelini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Cevenini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Aldo Roda
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martha J Grossel
- Department of Biology, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA
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15
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Zhang H, Ouyang H, Wang D, Shi J, Ouyang C, Chen H, Xiao S, Fang L. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2185c contributes to nuclear factor-κB activation. Mol Immunol 2015; 66:147-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Li Q, Sun W, Yuan D, Lv T, Yin J, Cao E, Xiao X, Song Y. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor application for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion caused by lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2015; 7:136-9. [PMID: 26816548 PMCID: PMC4718129 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) signifies a poor prognosis for patients with lung cancer. For treating physicians, the primary goals are to achieve sufficient control of MPE and minimize invasive intervention. Recombinant human mutant tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (rhu‐TNF) has been used in the treatment of MPE. The aim of our research was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rhu‐TNF application via ultrasound‐guided chest tube for the treatment of MPE. rhu‐TNF was administered as a single dose to 102 patients with MPE caused by lung cancer, and dexamethasone (Dxm, 5 mg) was administered 30 minutes before rhu‐TNF in 35 randomly selected patients in order test its ability to prevent side effects. The primary endpoint was the efficacy of the rhu‐TNF treatment (disease response rate) and side effects (pain, fever, and flu‐like symptoms), evaluated four weeks after instillation. The disease response rate of rhu‐TNF treatment was 81.37%. Side effects included 13 (12.75%) patients complaining of flu‐like symptoms, 15 (14.71%) with fever/chill, and 14 (13.73%) with chest pain. A significantly higher efficacy was observed for treatment with 3 MU versus 2 MU of rhu‐TNF (P = 0.036), while the adverse effects were similar. There was no significant association between the dose of rhu‐TNF and progression‐free survival (P = 0.752). In conclusion, our study shows that intra‐pleural instillation of rhu‐TNF achieves sufficient control of MPE and minimizes invasive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Jinling Hospital School of Medicine Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Wenkui Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Jinling Hospital School of Medicine Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Dongmei Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Jinling Hospital School of Medicine Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Jinling Hospital School of Medicine Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Jinling Hospital School of Medicine Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Ehong Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Jinling Hospital School of Medicine Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Xinwu Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Jinling Hospital School of Medicine Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Jinling Hospital School of Medicine Nanjing University Nanjing China
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