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Lyons AC, Mehta S, Zhang J. Fluorescent biosensors illuminate the spatial regulation of cell signaling across scales. Biochem J 2023; 480:1693-1717. [PMID: 37903110 PMCID: PMC10657186 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
As cell signaling research has advanced, it has become clearer that signal transduction has complex spatiotemporal regulation that goes beyond foundational linear transduction models. Several technologies have enabled these discoveries, including fluorescent biosensors designed to report live biochemical signaling events. As genetically encoded and live-cell compatible tools, fluorescent biosensors are well suited to address diverse cell signaling questions across different spatial scales of regulation. In this review, methods of examining spatial signaling regulation and the design of fluorescent biosensors are introduced. Then, recent biosensor developments that illuminate the importance of spatial regulation in cell signaling are highlighted at several scales, including membranes and organelles, molecular assemblies, and cell/tissue heterogeneity. In closing, perspectives on how fluorescent biosensors will continue enhancing cell signaling research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C. Lyons
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
| | - Sohum Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
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2
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Hammond T, Sage J. Monitoring the Cell Cycle of Tumor Cells in Mouse Models of Human Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a041383. [PMID: 37460156 PMCID: PMC10691483 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Cell division is obligatory to tumor growth. However, both cancer cells and noncancer cells in tumors can be found in distinct stages of the cell cycle, which may inform the growth potential of these tumors, their propensity to metastasize, and their response to therapy. Hence, it is of utmost importance to monitor the cell cycle of tumor cells. Here we discuss well-established methods and new genetic advances to track the cell cycle of tumor cells in mouse models of human cancer. We also review recent genetic studies investigating the role of the cell-cycle machinery in the growth of tumors in vivo, with a focus on the machinery regulating the G1/S transition of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylar Hammond
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, and Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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3
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Expansion of Quiescent Hematopoietic Stem Cells under Stress and Nonstress Conditions in Mice. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2388-2402. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Delinassios JG, Hoffman RM. The cancer-inhibitory effects of proliferating tumor-residing fibroblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1877:188673. [PMID: 34953931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Initiation, local progression, and metastasis of cancer are associated with specific morphological, molecular, and functional changes in the extracellular matrix and the fibroblasts within the tumor microenvironment (TME). In the early stages of tumor development, fibroblasts are an obstacle that cancer cells must surpass or nullify to progress. Thus, in early tumor progression, specific signaling from cancer cells activates bio-pathways, which abolish the innate anticancer properties of fibroblasts and convert a high proportion of them to tumor-promoting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Following this initial event, a wide spectrum of gene expression changes gradually leads to the development of a stromal fibroblast population with complex heterogeneity, creating fibroblast subtypes with characteristic profiles, which may alternate between being tumor-promotive and tumor-suppressive, topologically and chronologically in the TME. These fibroblast subtypes form the tumor's histological landscape including areas of cancer growth, inflammation, angiogenesis, invasion fronts, proliferating and non-proliferating fibroblasts, cancer-cell apoptosis, fibroblast apoptosis, and necrosis. These features reflect general deregulation of tissue homeostasis within the TME. This review discusses fundamental and current knowledge that has established the existence of anticancer fibroblasts within the various interacting elements of the TME. It is proposed that the maintenance of fibroblast proliferation is an essential parameter for the activation of their anticancer capacity, similar to that by which normal fibroblasts would be activated in wound repair, thus maintaining tissue homeostasis. Encouragement of research in this direction may render new means of cancer therapy and a greater understanding of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Delinassios
- International Institute of Anticancer Research, 1(st) km Kapandritiou-Kalamou Rd., Kapandriti, 19014 Attica, Greece.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California, 9300 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; AntiCancer Inc., 7917 Ostrow St, San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
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5
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Developmental Analysis of Bone Marrow Neutrophils Reveals Populations Specialized in Expansion, Trafficking, and Effector Functions. Immunity 2018; 48:364-379.e8. [PMID: 29466759 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are specialized innate cells that require constant replenishment from proliferative bone marrow (BM) precursors as a result of their short half-life. Although it is established that neutrophils are derived from the granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (GMP), the differentiation pathways from GMP to functional mature neutrophils are poorly defined. Using mass cytometry (CyTOF) and cell-cycle-based analysis, we identified three neutrophil subsets within the BM: a committed proliferative neutrophil precursor (preNeu) which differentiates into non-proliferating immature neutrophils and mature neutrophils. Transcriptomic profiling and functional analysis revealed that preNeu require the C/EBPε transcription factor for their generation from the GMP, and their proliferative program is substituted by a gain of migratory and effector function as they mature. preNeus expand under microbial and tumoral stress, and immature neutrophils are recruited to the periphery of tumor-bearing mice. In summary, our study identifies specialized BM granulocytic populations that ensure supply under homeostasis and stress responses.
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6
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Sakaue-Sawano A, Yo M, Komatsu N, Hiratsuka T, Kogure T, Hoshida T, Goshima N, Matsuda M, Miyoshi H, Miyawaki A. Genetically Encoded Tools for Optical Dissection of the Mammalian Cell Cycle. Mol Cell 2017; 68:626-640.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Batsivari A, Rybtsov S, Souilhol C, Binagui-Casas A, Hills D, Zhao S, Travers P, Medvinsky A. Understanding Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development through Functional Correlation of Their Proliferative Status with the Intra-aortic Cluster Architecture. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1549-1562. [PMID: 28479304 PMCID: PMC5469869 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region through a process of multi-step maturation and expansion. While proliferation of adult HSCs is implicated in the balance between self-renewal and differentiation, very little is known about the proliferation status of nascent HSCs in the AGM region. Using Fucci reporter mice that enable in vivo visualization of cell-cycle status, we detect increased proliferation during pre-HSC expansion followed by a slowing down of cycling once cells start to acquire a definitive HSC state, similar to fetal liver HSCs. We observe time-specific changes in intra-aortic hematopoietic clusters corresponding to HSC maturation stages. The proliferative architecture of the clusters is maintained in an orderly anatomical manner with slowly cycling cells at the base and more actively proliferating cells at the more apical part of the cluster, which correlates with c-KIT expression levels, thus providing an anatomical basis for the role of SCF in HSC maturation. Expansion of HSC precursors is accompanied by increased proliferation Final steps of HSC maturation are accompanied by decelerating proliferation Proliferative architecture of intra-aortic clusters is maintained during HSC development c-Kit expression levels correlate with the proliferative status of HSC precursors
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoniana Batsivari
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, SCRM Bioquarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, SCRM Bioquarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Celine Souilhol
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Anahi Binagui-Casas
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, SCRM Bioquarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - David Hills
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, SCRM Bioquarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Suling Zhao
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, SCRM Bioquarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Paul Travers
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, SCRM Bioquarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Alexander Medvinsky
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, SCRM Bioquarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.
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8
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Pineda G, Lennon KM, Delos Santos NP, Lambert-Fliszar F, Riso GL, Lazzari E, Marra MA, Morris S, Sakaue-Sawano A, Miyawaki A, Jamieson CHM. Tracking of Normal and Malignant Progenitor Cell Cycle Transit in a Defined Niche. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23885. [PMID: 27041210 PMCID: PMC4819192 DOI: 10.1038/srep23885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While implicated in therapeutic resistance, malignant progenitor cell cycle kinetics have been difficult to quantify in real-time. We developed an efficient lentiviral bicistronic fluorescent, ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator reporter (Fucci2BL) to image live single progenitors on a defined niche coupled with cell cycle gene expression analysis. We have identified key differences in cell cycle regulatory gene expression and transit times between normal and chronic myeloid leukemia progenitors that may inform cancer stem cell eradication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Pineda
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
| | - Kathleen M Lennon
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
| | - Nathaniel P Delos Santos
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
| | - Florence Lambert-Fliszar
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
| | - Gennarina L Riso
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA.,Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Elisa Lazzari
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA.,Doctoral School of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sheldon Morris
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
| | - Asako Sakaue-Sawano
- Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako-city, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako-city, Saitama, Japan
| | - Catriona H M Jamieson
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
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9
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Characterization of stem/progenitor cell cycle using murine circumvallate papilla taste bud organoid. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17185. [PMID: 26597788 PMCID: PMC4665766 DOI: 10.1038/srep17185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5-expressing (Lgr5(+)) cells have been identified as stem/progenitor cells in the circumvallate papillae, and single cultured Lgr5(+) cells give rise to taste cells. Here we use circumvallate papilla tissue to establish a three-dimensional culture system (taste bud organoids) that develops phenotypic characteristics similar to native tissue, including a multilayered epithelium containing stem/progenitor in the outer layers and taste cells in the inner layers. Furthermore, characterization of the cell cycle of the taste bud progenitor niche reveals striking dynamics of taste bud development and regeneration. Using this taste bud organoid culture system and FUCCI2 transgenic mice, we identify the stem/progenitor cells have at least 5 distinct cell cycle populations by tracking within 24-hour synchronized oscillations of proliferation. Additionally, we demonstrate that stem/progenitor cells have motility to form taste bud organoids. Taste bud organoids provides a system for elucidating mechanisms of taste signaling, disease modeling, and taste tissue regeneration.
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10
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Zielke N, Edgar BA. FUCCI sensors: powerful new tools for analysis of cell proliferation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 4:469-87. [PMID: 25827130 PMCID: PMC6681141 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing the cell cycle behavior of individual cells within living organisms can facilitate the understanding of developmental processes such as pattern formation, morphogenesis, cell differentiation, growth, cell migration, and cell death. Fluorescence Ubiquitin Cell Cycle Indicator (FUCCI) technology offers an accurate, versatile, and universally applicable means of achieving this end. In recent years, the FUCCI system has been adapted to several model systems including flies, fish, mice, and plants, making this technology available to a wide range of researchers for studies of diverse biological problems. Moreover, a broad range of FUCCI‐expressing cell lines originating from diverse cell types have been generated, hence enabling the design of advanced studies that combine in vivo experiments and cell‐based methods such as high‐content screening. Although only a short time has passed since its introduction, the FUCCI technology has already provided fundamental insight into how cells establish quiescence and how G1 phase length impacts the balance between pluripotency and stem cell differentiation. Further discoveries using the FUCCI technology are sure to come. WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:469–487. doi: 10.1002/wdev.189 This article is categorized under:
Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Methods and Principles Technologies > Generating Chimeras and Lineage Analysis Technologies > Analysis of Cell, Tissue, and Animal Phenotypes
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zielke
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B A Edgar
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Kinjyo I, Qin J, Tan SY, Wellard CJ, Mrass P, Ritchie W, Doi A, Cavanagh LL, Tomura M, Sakaue-Sawano A, Kanagawa O, Miyawaki A, Hodgkin PD, Weninger W. Real-time tracking of cell cycle progression during CD8+ effector and memory T-cell differentiation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6301. [PMID: 25709008 PMCID: PMC4346633 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise pathways of memory T-cell differentiation are incompletely understood. Here we exploit transgenic mice expressing fluorescent cell cycle indicators to longitudinally track the division dynamics of individual CD8+ T cells. During influenza virus infection in vivo, naive T cells enter a CD62Lintermediate state of fast proliferation, which continues for at least nine generations. At the peak of the anti-viral immune response, a subpopulation of these cells markedly reduces their cycling speed and acquires a CD62Lhi central memory cell phenotype. Construction of T-cell family division trees in vitro reveals two patterns of proliferation dynamics. While cells initially divide rapidly with moderate stochastic variations of cycling times after each generation, a slow-cycling subpopulation displaying a CD62Lhi memory phenotype appears after eight divisions. Phenotype and cell cycle duration are inherited by the progeny of slow cyclers. We propose that memory precursors cell-intrinsically modulate their proliferative activity to diversify differentiation pathways. CD8+ memory T cells appear during infection via a process of selection and differentiation that remains poorly understood. Using a fluorescent indicator of cell cycle progression, Kinjyo et al. show that slow-cycling memory precursors are derived from fast-cycling-activated T cells in influenza-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiko Kinjyo
- Immune Imaging Program, Centenary Institute for Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
| | - Jim Qin
- Immune Imaging Program, Centenary Institute for Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
| | - Sioh-Yang Tan
- Immune Imaging Program, Centenary Institute for Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
| | - Cameron J Wellard
- 1] Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Paulus Mrass
- Immune Imaging Program, Centenary Institute for Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
| | - William Ritchie
- Immune Imaging Program, Centenary Institute for Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
| | - Atsushi Doi
- Cell Innovator Co., Ltd., Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Lois L Cavanagh
- Immune Imaging Program, Centenary Institute for Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
| | - Michio Tomura
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Regulation, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Asako Sakaue-Sawano
- Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Osami Kanagawa
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Regulation, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Philip D Hodgkin
- 1] Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- 1] Immune Imaging Program, Centenary Institute for Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia [2] Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia [3] Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
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