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Das F, Ghosh-Choudhury N, Kasinath BS, Sharma K, Choudhury GG. High glucose-induced downregulation of PTEN-Long is sufficient for proximal tubular cell injury in diabetic kidney disease. Exp Cell Res 2024; 440:114116. [PMID: 38830568 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
During the progression of diabetic kidney disease, proximal tubular epithelial cells respond to high glucose to induce hypertrophy and matrix expansion leading to renal fibrosis. Recently, a non-canonical PTEN has been shown to be translated from an upstream initiation codon CUG (leucine) to produce a longer protein called PTEN-Long (PTEN-L). Interestingly, the extended sequence present in PTEN-L contains cell secretion/penetration signal. Role of this non-canonical PTEN-L in diabetic renal tubular injury is not known. We show that high glucose decreases expression of PTEN-L. As a mechanism of its function, we find that reduced PTEN-L activates Akt-2, which phosphorylates and inactivate tuberin and PRAS40, resulting in activation of mTORC1 in tubular cells. Antibacterial agent acriflavine and antiviral agent ATA regulate translation from CUG codon. Acriflavine and ATA, respectively, decreased and increased expression of PTEN-L to altering Akt-2 and mTORC1 activation in the absence of change in expression of canonical PTEN. Consequently, acriflavine and ATA modulated high glucose-induced tubular cell hypertrophy and lamininγ1 expression. Importantly, expression of PTEN-L inhibited high glucose-stimulated Akt/mTORC1 activity to abrogate these processes. Since PTEN-L contains secretion/penetration signals, addition of conditioned medium containing PTEN-L blocked Akt-2/mTORC1 activity. Notably, in renal cortex of diabetic mice, we found reduced PTEN-L concomitant with Akt-2/mTORC1 activation, leading to renal hypertrophy and lamininγ1 expression. These results present first evidence for involvement of PTEN-L in diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Das
- VA Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Kumar Sharma
- VA Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, TX, USA
| | - Goutam Ghosh Choudhury
- VA Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, TX, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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2
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Yu S, Li Y, Lu X, Han Z, Li C, Yuan X, Guo D. The regulatory role of miRNA and lncRNA on autophagy in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Signal 2024; 118:111144. [PMID: 38493883 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes that causes glomerular sclerosis and end-stage renal disease, leading to ascending morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Excessive accumulation of aberrantly modified proteins or damaged organelles, such as advanced glycation end-products, dysfunctional mitochondria, and inflammasomes is associated with the pathogenesis of DN. As one of the main degradation pathways, autophagy recycles toxic substances to maintain cellular homeostasis and autophagy dysregulation plays a crucial role in DN progression. MicroRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules that regulate gene expression and have been implicated in both physiological and pathological conditions. Recent studies have revealed that autophagy-regulating miRNA and lncRNA have been involved in pathological processes of DN, including renal cell injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and renal fibrosis. This review summarizes the role of autophagy in DN and emphasizes the modulation of miRNA and lncRNA on autophagy during disease progression, for the development of promising interventions by targeting these ncRNAs in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Yu
- Department of Nephrology II, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Yue Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xinxin Lu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zehui Han
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China.
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3
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Ren H, Shao Y, Ma X, An L, Liu Y, Wang Q. Interaction of circulating TGFβ regulatory miRNAs in different severity of diabetic kidney disease. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:285-299. [PMID: 35147479 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2022.2034884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the interaction of TGFβ regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) with different severities of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). METHODS According to different UACR (30 and 300 mg/g), 436 subjects were included, and high glucose induced RMCs were cultured. Real-time PCR, ELISA, and automatic biochemical analysis were used to measure miRNAs, TGFβ1, and other biochemical indicators in serum and RMCs. Target genes of miRNA were predicted and visualised by bioinformatics. RESULTS HbA1c, TGFβ1, miR-217, and miR-224 in T2DM patients increased with UACR, while miR-192 and miR-216a decreased. Ln UACR was positively correlated with HbA1c, TGFβ1, miR-217, and miR-224, and negatively correlated with miR-192 and miR-216a. High glucose and TGFβ1 affected miRNAs and these miRNAs affected each other. The miRNA target genes mainly revolve around PTEN, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK signalling pathways. CONCLUSION TGFβ regulatory miRNAs and different severity of DKD have a potential interaction regulating fibrosis through PTEN, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Ren
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- The Cadre Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Li An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tieling Central Hospital, Tieling, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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4
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Dong H, Sun Y, Nie L, Cui A, Zhao P, Leung WK, Wang Q. Metabolic memory: mechanisms and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:38. [PMID: 38413567 PMCID: PMC10899265 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases and their complications impose health and economic burdens worldwide. Evidence from past experimental studies and clinical trials suggests our body may have the ability to remember the past metabolic environment, such as hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia, thus leading to chronic inflammatory disorders and other diseases even after the elimination of these metabolic environments. The long-term effects of that aberrant metabolism on the body have been summarized as metabolic memory and are found to assume a crucial role in states of health and disease. Multiple molecular mechanisms collectively participate in metabolic memory management, resulting in different cellular alterations as well as tissue and organ dysfunctions, culminating in disease progression and even affecting offspring. The elucidation and expansion of the concept of metabolic memory provides more comprehensive insight into pathogenic mechanisms underlying metabolic diseases and complications and promises to be a new target in disease detection and management. Here, we retrace the history of relevant research on metabolic memory and summarize its salient characteristics. We provide a detailed discussion of the mechanisms by which metabolic memory may be involved in disease development at molecular, cellular, and organ levels, with emphasis on the impact of epigenetic modulations. Finally, we present some of the pivotal findings arguing in favor of targeting metabolic memory to develop therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and provide the latest reflections on the consequences of metabolic memory as well as their implications for human health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuezhang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lulingxiao Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aimin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry Division, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Keung Leung
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry Division, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Li B, Jiang Y, Wang T, Liu W, Chen X, He J, Du Z, Yang R, Miao D, Li Y. MicroRNA-217-5p triggers dopaminergic neuronal degeneration via autophagy activation under Atrazine exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122811. [PMID: 37890694 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR) is a widely used agricultural herbicide, and its accumulation in soil and water can cause various environmental health problems. ATR has neurotoxic effects on dopaminergic neurons, which can lead to a Parkinson's disease (PD)-like syndrome. Epigenetics regulates gene expression dynamically through DNA methylation, histone post-translational modification, microRNA (miRNA) interaction, and RNA methylation. MicroRNA (miRNA), representing one of the primary epigenetic mechanisms responsible for regulating gene expression, plays a crucial role in maintaining normal cellular function, while dysregulation of miRNA expression has been observed in PD. This study aims to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of miRNA in ATR exposure. The results show that ATR-exposure significantly upregulates the expression level of miR-217-5p. Both miR-217-5p overexpression and ATR exposure is able to trigger the autophagy process and apoptosis. Conversely, inhibiting the expression of miR-217-5p can reverse the levels of ATR-induced autophagy and apoptosis. Moreover, ATR causes damage to dopaminergic neurons, as indicated by the altered expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and α-synuclein. Taken together, these results suggest that ATR-induced autophagy can accelerate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and that miR-217-5p is probably an important target involved in ATR-induced dopaminergic damage, shedding important light on the development of a novel strategy for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyun Li
- College of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- College of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, 264299, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- College of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinyi He
- College of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zeyu Du
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ruijiao Yang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Danxiu Miao
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yanshu Li
- College of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong Province, China.
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6
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Zeng Y, Xiong C, Chen Y, Yang C, Li Q. Effects and mechanism of Rictor interference in podocyte injury induced by high glucose. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:473. [PMID: 37753299 PMCID: PMC10518650 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (Rictor) is a critical effector of mTOR protein complex 2 (mTORC2). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Rictor in the mTORC2 signaling pathway in high glucose (HG)-induced diabetic podocyte injury by silencing the expression of Rictor. In the present study, mouse podocytes were treated with glucose (150 mM) and mannitol (200 mM), the Rictor gene was silenced using small interfering RNA (siRNA). Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, whereas podocyte cytoskeletal protein expression was detected by western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence staining. The results demonstrated that, compared with that in the control group, the podocyte apoptotic rate was significantly increased in the mannitol group (negative group) and the groups that were treated with glucose (model groups). The podocyte apoptotic rate in the model + Rictor siRNA group was significantly decreased compared with that in the negative, model and the model glucose + siRNA negative control (NC) groups. WB indicated that the protein expression levels of podocalyxin and synaptopodin were reduced in the model and model + siRNA NC groups compared with those in the normal control and negative groups. Additionally, the protein expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and P-AKT/AKT were increased in the model and model + siRNA NC groups compared with the those in control and negative groups. Compared with those the model and model + siRNA NC groups, the protein expression levels of podocalyxin and synaptopodin were increased, whilst those of the α-SMA and P-AKT/AKT proteins were decreased, in the model + Rictor siRNA group. Results from immunofluorescence analysis were basically consistent with those of WB. Therefore, results of the present study suggest that silencing of the Rictor gene may reduce the damage to podocytes induced by HG, such that the Rictor/mTORC2 signaling pathway may be involved in the remodeling of podocyte actin cytoskeletal in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Changbin Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yinxiang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chunyun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyue Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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7
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Gluba-Sagr A, Franczyk B, Rysz-Górzyńska M, Ławiński J, Rysz J. The Role of miRNA in Renal Fibrosis Leading to Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2358. [PMID: 37760798 PMCID: PMC10525803 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important health concern that is expected to be the fifth most widespread cause of death worldwide by 2040. The presence of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, ischemia, etc., stimulates the development and progression of CKD. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a common pathomechanism of renal dysfunction, irrespective of the primary origin of renal injury. With time, fibrosis leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Many studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are involved in the onset and development of fibrosis and CKD. miRNAs are vital regulators of some pathophysiological processes; therefore, their utility as therapeutic agents in various diseases has been suggested. Several miRNAs were demonstrated to participate in the development and progression of kidney disease. Since renal fibrosis is an important problem in chronic kidney disease, many scientists have focused on the determination of miRNAs associated with kidney fibrosis. In this review, we present the role of several miRNAs in renal fibrosis and the potential pathways involved. However, as well as those mentioned above, other miRs have also been suggested to play a role in this process in CKD. The reports concerning the impact of some miRNAs on fibrosis are conflicting, probably because the expression and regulation of miRNAs occur in a tissue- and even cell-dependent manner. Moreover, different assessment modes and populations have been used. There is a need for large studies and clinical trials to confirm the role of miRs in a clinical setting. miRNAs have great potential; thus, their analysis may improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gluba-Sagr
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rysz-Górzyńska
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Ławiński
- Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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Barreiro K, Dwivedi OP, Rannikko A, Holthöfer H, Tuomi T, Groop PH, Puhka M. Capturing the Kidney Transcriptome by Urinary Extracellular Vesicles-From Pre-Analytical Obstacles to Biomarker Research. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1415. [PMID: 37510317 PMCID: PMC10379145 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEV) hold non-invasive RNA biomarkers for genitourinary tract diseases. However, missing knowledge about reference genes and effects of preanalytical choices hinder biomarker studies. We aimed to assess how preanalytical variables (urine storage temperature, isolation workflow) affect diabetic kidney disease (DKD)-linked miRNAs or kidney-linked miRNAs and mRNAs (kidney-RNAs) in uEV isolates and to discover stable reference mRNAs across diverse uEV datasets. We studied nine raw and normalized sequencing datasets including healthy controls and individuals with prostate cancer or type 1 diabetes with or without albuminuria. We focused on kidney-RNAs reviewing literature for DKD-linked miRNAs from kidney tissue, cell culture and uEV/urine experiments. RNAs were analyzed by expression heatmaps, hierarchical clustering and selecting stable mRNAs with normalized counts (>200) and minimal coefficient of variation. Kidney-RNAs were decreased after urine storage at -20 °C vs. -80 °C. Isolation workflows captured kidney-RNAs with different efficiencies. Ultracentrifugation captured DKD -linked miRNAs that separated healthy and diabetic macroalbuminuria groups. Eleven mRNAs were stably expressed across the datasets. Hence, pre-analytical choices had variable effects on kidney-RNAs-analyzing kidney-RNAs complemented global correlation, which could fade differences in some relevant RNAs. Replicating prior DKD-marker results and discovery of candidate reference mRNAs encourages further uEV biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Barreiro
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, EV and HiPREP Core, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Om Prakash Dwivedi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Rannikko
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harry Holthöfer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Maija Puhka
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, EV and HiPREP Core, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Su S, Ma Z, Wu H, Xu Z, Yi H. Oxidative stress as a culprit in diabetic kidney disease. Life Sci 2023; 322:121661. [PMID: 37028547 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and the prevalence of DKD has increased worldwide during recent years. DKD is associated with poor therapeutic outcomes in most patients, but there is limited understanding of its pathogenesis. This review suggests that oxidative stress interacts with many other factors in causing DKD. Highly active mitochondria and NAD(P)H oxidase are major sources of oxidants, and they significantly affect the risk for DKD. Oxidative stress and inflammation may be considered reciprocal causes of DKD, in that each is a cause and an effect of DKD. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as second messengers in various signaling pathways and as regulators of metabolism, activation, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of immune cells. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs can modulate oxidative stress. The development of new technologies and identification of new epigenetic mechanisms may provide novel opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of DKD. Clinical trials demonstrated that novel therapies which reduce oxidative stress can slow the progression of DKD. These therapies include the NRF2 activator bardoxolone methyl, new blood glucose-lowering drugs such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Future studies should focus on improving early diagnosis and the development of more effective combination treatments for this multifactorial disease.
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10
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Sehrawat A, Mishra J, Mastana SS, Navik U, Bhatti GK, Reddy PH, Bhatti JS. Dysregulated autophagy: A key player in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166666. [PMID: 36791919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is essential in regulating the turnover of macromolecules via removing damaged organelles, misfolded proteins in various tissues, including liver, skeletal muscles, and adipose tissue to maintain the cellular homeostasis. In these tissues, a specific type of autophagy maintains the accumulation of lipid droplets which is directly related to obesity and the development of insulin resistance. It appears to play a protective role in a normal physiological environment by eliminating the invading pathogens, protein aggregates, and damaged organelles and generating energy and new building blocks by recycling the cellular components. Ageing is also a crucial modulator of autophagy process. During stress conditions involving nutrient deficiency, lipids excess, hypoxia etc., autophagy serves as a pro-survival mechanism by recycling the free amino acids to maintain the synthesis of proteins. The dysregulated autophagy has been found in several ageing associated diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. So, targeting autophagy can be a promising therapeutic strategy against the progression to diabetes related complications. Our article provides a comprehensive outline of understanding of the autophagy process, including its types, mechanisms, regulation, and role in the pathophysiology of T2DM and related complications. We also explored the significance of autophagy in the homeostasis of β-cells, insulin resistance (IR), clearance of protein aggregates such as islet amyloid polypeptide, and various insulin-sensitive tissues. This will further pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sehrawat
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Jayapriya Mishra
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sarabjit Singh Mastana
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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11
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Zha D, Wu X. Nutrient sensing, signaling transduction, and autophagy in podocyte injury: implications for kidney disease. J Nephrol 2023; 36:17-29. [PMID: 35704261 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are terminally differentiated epithelial cells of the renal glomerular tuft and these highly specialized cells are essential for the integrity of the slit diaphragm. The biological function of podocytes is primarily based on a complex ramified structure that requires sufficient nutrients and a large supply of energy in support of their unique structure and function in the glomeruli. Of note, the dysregulation of nutrient signaling and energy metabolic pathways in podocytes has been associated with a range of kidney diseases i.e., diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, nutrient-related and energy metabolic signaling pathways are critical to maintaining podocyte homeostasis and the pathogenesis of podocyte injury. Recently, a growing body of evidence has indicated that nutrient starvation induces autophagy, which suggests crosstalk between nutritional signaling with the modulation of autophagy for podocytes to adapt to nutrient deprivation. In this review, the current knowledge and advancement in the understanding of nutrient sensing, signaling, and autophagy in the podocyte biology, injury, and pathogenesis of kidney diseases is summarized. Based on the existing findings, the implications and perspective to target these signaling pathways and autophagy in podocytes during the development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies in patients with podocyte injury-associated kidney diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Zha
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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12
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Li W, Yang C, Li J, Li X, Zhou P. MicroRNA-217 aggravates breast cancer through activation of NF1-mediated HSF1/ATG7 axis and c-Jun/ATF3/MMP13 axis. Hum Cell 2023; 36:377-392. [PMID: 36357766 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00817-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Application of microRNA-mediated mRNA expression in treatment of diverse cancers has been documented. The current study was explored to study the role of miR-217 in breast cancer (BC) progression and the related downstream factors. Clinical tissue samples, BC cell lines and the established xenograft models were prepared for ectopic expression and depletion experiments to discern the regulatory roles of miR-217-mediated NF1 in BC cell proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance as well as tumorigenic ability of BC cells in nude mice. miR-217 was upregulated in BC, which was a predictor of poor prognosis of BC patients. NF1 could be targeted by miR-217. miR-217 promoted malignant characteristics of BC cells through enhancing ATF3-MMP13 interaction by inhibiting NF1. miR-217 repressed sensitivity against anti-cancer drugs by inducing autophagy of BC cells through the NF1/HSF1/ATG7 axis. Also, miR-217 could inhibit NF1 to facilitate tumorigenic ability of BC cells in vivo. Our study emphasized that miR-217 could potentially inhibit NF1 expression to activate the c-Jun, thus enhancing the expression and interaction of ATF3/MMP13 and promoting the malignant features of BC cells. Furthermore, miR-217 conferred chemoresistance on BC by enhancing BC cell autophagy, which was achieved by limiting NF1 expression to induce the HSF1/ATG7 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihan Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 25, Yu'an Second Road, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaojie Yang
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolian Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 25, Yu'an Second Road, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Jin Q, Liu T, Chen D, Yang L, Mao H, Ma F, Wang Y, Li P, Zhan Y. Therapeutic potential of artemisinin and its derivatives in managing kidney diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1097206. [PMID: 36874000 PMCID: PMC9974673 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1097206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin, an antimalarial traditional Chinese herb, is isolated from Artemisia annua. L, and has shown fewer side effects. Several pieces of evidence have demonstrated that artemisinin and its derivatives exhibited therapeutic effects on diseases like malaria, cancer, immune disorders, and inflammatory diseases. Additionally, the antimalarial drugs demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, regulating the immune system and autophagy and modulating glycolipid metabolism properties, suggesting an alternative for managing kidney disease. This review assessed the pharmacological activities of artemisinin. It summarized the critical outcomes and probable mechanism of artemisinins in treating kidney diseases, including inflammatory, oxidative stress, autophagy, mitochondrial homeostasis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, glycolipid metabolism, insulin resistance, diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and acute kidney injury, suggesting the therapeutic potential of artemisinin and its derivatives in managing kidney diseases, especially the podocyte-associated kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jin
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Danqian Chen
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Mao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ma
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Zhan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
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14
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The Role of miR-217-5p in the Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Morphological Change of Podocytes. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8030043. [PMID: 35736640 PMCID: PMC9229466 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes, alternatively called glomerular epithelial cells, are terminally differentiated cells that wrap around glomerular capillaries and function as a part of the glomerular filtration barrier in the kidney. Therefore, podocyte injury with morphological alteration and detachment from glomerular capillaries leads to severe proteinuria and subsequent renal failure through glomerulosclerosis. Previous RNA sequencing analysis of primary rat podocytes exposed to puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN), a well-known experimental model of injured podocytes, identified several transcripts as being aberrantly expressed. However, how the expression of these transcripts is regulated remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally inhibit the expression of their target transcripts. In this study, using small RNA sequencing analysis, miR-217-5p was identified as the most upregulated transcript in PAN-treated rat podocytes. MiR-217-5p overexpression in E11 podocyte cells led to shrunken cells with abnormal actin cytoskeletons. Consistent with these changes in cell morphology, gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that interactive GO terms related to cell morphogenesis were enriched with the predicted targets of miR-217-5p. Of the predicted targets highly downregulated by PAN, Myosin 1d (Myo1d) is a nonmuscle myosin predicted to be involved in actin filament organization and thought to play a role in podocyte morphogenesis and injury. We demonstrated that miR-217-5p targets Myo1d by luciferase assays, qRT–PCR, and Western blotting. Furthermore, we showed that miR-217-5p was present in urine from PAN- but not saline-administrated rats. Taken together, our data suggest that miR-217-5p may serve as a therapeutic target and a biomarker for podocyte injury.
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15
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Wonnacott A, Denby L, Coward RJM, Fraser DJ, Bowen T. MicroRNAs and their delivery in diabetic fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114045. [PMID: 34767865 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus was estimated to be 463 million people in 2019 and is predicted to rise to 700 million by 2045. The associated financial and societal costs of this burgeoning epidemic demand an understanding of the pathology of this disease, and its complications, that will inform treatment to enable improved patient outcomes. Nearly two decades after the sequencing of the human genome, the significance of noncoding RNA expression is still being assessed. The family of functional noncoding RNAs known as microRNAs regulates the expression of most genes encoded by the human genome. Altered microRNA expression profiles have been observed both in diabetes and in diabetic complications. These transcripts therefore have significant potential and novelty as targets for therapy, therapeutic agents and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Wonnacott
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Laura Denby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Richard J M Coward
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Donald J Fraser
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Timothy Bowen
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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Wan H, Wang Y, Pan Q, Chen X, Chen S, Li X, Yao W. Quercetin attenuates the proliferation, inflammation, and oxidative stress of high glucose-induced human mesangial cells by regulating the miR-485-5p/YAP1 pathway. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:20587384211066440. [PMID: 35129398 PMCID: PMC8832592 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211066440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a kidney damage caused by diabetes and the main cause of end-stage renal disease. However, the current treatment of DN has many limitations. Quercetin is a bioflavonoid compound with therapeutic benefits in metabolic diseases. This study aims to determine the therapeutic potentials and underlying mechanism of quercetin on DN. Methods We collected blood samples from DN patients and healthy controls and treated human mesangial cells (HMCs) with high glucose (HG) to establish an in vitro model of DN. Then we assessed the expression difference of miR-485-5p as well as YAP1 in serum of DN patients and healthy controls and between HG-induced HMCs and control cells. qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to assess miR-485-5p and YAP1 expression levels; CCK-8 and ELISAs were used to examine cell proliferation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Dual luciferase reporter assay was implemented to detect the binding of miR-485-5p and YAP1 mRNA sequence. Results Quercetin suppressed proliferation, inflammation, and oxidative stress of HMCs induced by HG. As for mechanism, miR-485-5p directly bound to YAP1 and inhibited YAP1 expression. The downregulation of miR-485-5p and upregulation of YAP1 were also observed in the serum of DN patients. Quercetin modulated miR-485-5p/YAP1 axis to regulate HG-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusion: Quercetin inhibits the proliferation, inflammation, and oxidative stress of HMCs induced by HG through miR-485-5p/YAP1 axis, which might provide a novel treatment strategy for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wan
- Department of Radiotherapy Center, the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Qingyun Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Xia Chen
- Department ofTraditional Chinese Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Sijun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Paediatrics, the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Weiguo Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Jinshan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai
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Teh YM, Mualif SA, Lim SK. A comprehensive insight into autophagy and its potential signaling pathways as a therapeutic target in podocyte injury. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 143:106153. [PMID: 34974186 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As part of the glomerular filtration membrane, podocyte is terminally differentiated, structurally unique, and highly specialized in maintaining kidney function. Proteinuria caused by podocyte injury (foot process effacement) is the clinical symptom of various kidney diseases (CKD), including nephrotic syndrome. Podocyte autophagy has become a powerful therapeutic strategy target in ameliorating podocyte injury. Autophagy is known to be associated significantly with sirtuin-1, proteinuria, and podocyte injury. Various key findings in podocyte autophagy were reported in the past ten years, such as the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in podocyte autophagy impairment, podocyte autophagy-related gene, essential roles of the signaling pathways: Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)/ Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3k)/ serine/threonine kinase 1 (Akt) in podocyte autophagy. These significant factors caused podocyte injury associated with autophagy impairment. Sirtuin-1 was reported to have a vital key role in mTOR signaling, 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulation, autophagy activation, and various critical pathways associated with podocyte's function and health; it has potential value to podocyte injury pathogenesis investigation. From these findings, podocyte autophagy has become an attractive therapeutic strategy to ameliorate podocyte injury, and this review will provide an in-depth review on therapeutic targets he podocyte autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong Mond Teh
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aisyah Mualif
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Medical Device and Technology Centre (MEDiTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Soo Kun Lim
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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18
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Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), which is a common microvascular complication with a high incidence in diabetic patients, greatly increases the mortality of patients. With further study on DN, it is found that epigenetics plays a crucial role in the pathophysiological process of DN. Epigenetics has an important impact on the development of DN through a variety of mechanisms, and promotes the generation and maintenance of metabolic memory, thus ultimately leading to a poor prognosis. In this review we discuss the methylation of DNA, modification of histone, and regulation of non-coding RNA involved in the progress of cell dysfunction, inflammation and fibrosis in the kidney, which ultimately lead to the deterioration of DN.
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19
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Molecular Mechanistic Pathways Targeted by Natural Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010015. [PMID: 35052518 PMCID: PMC8772744 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the progressive loss of renal function and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Despite optimal therapy, many patients progress to ESRD and require dialysis or transplantation. The pathogenesis of CKD involves inflammation, kidney fibrosis, and blunted renal cellular antioxidant capacity. In this review, we have focused on in vitro and in vivo experimental and clinical studies undertaken to investigate the mechanistic pathways by which these compounds exert their effects against the progression of CKD, particularly diabetic nephropathy and kidney fibrosis. The accumulated and collected data from preclinical and clinical studies revealed that these plants/bioactive compounds could activate autophagy, increase mitochondrial bioenergetics and prevent mitochondrial dysfunction, act as modulators of signaling pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and renal fibrosis. The main pathways targeted by these compounds include the canonical nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), canonical transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), autophagy, and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE). This review presented an updated overview of the potential benefits of these antioxidants and new strategies to treat or reduce CKD progression, although the limitations related to the traditional formulation, lack of standardization, side effects, and safety.
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20
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Salami M, Salami R, Mafi A, Aarabi MH, Vakili O, Asemi Z. Therapeutic potential of resveratrol in diabetic nephropathy according to molecular signaling. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:716-735. [PMID: 34923951 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666211217122523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) as a severe complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is a crucial menace for human health and survival and remarkably elevates the healthcare systems' costs. Therefore, it is worth noting to identify novel preventive and therapeutic strategies to alleviate the disease conditions. Resveratrol, as a well-defined anti-diabetic/ antioxidant agent has capabilities to counteract diabetic complications. It has been predicted that resveratrol will be a fantastic natural polyphenol for diabetes therapy in the next few years. OBJECTIVE Accordingly, the current review aims to depict the role of resveratrol in the regulation of different signaling pathways that are involved in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammatory processes, autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction, as critical contributors to DN pathophysiology. RESULTS The pathogenesis of DN can be multifactorial; hyperglycemia is one of the prominent risk factors of DN development that is closely related to oxidative stress. Resveratrol, as a well-defined polyphenol, has various biological and medicinal properties, including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects. CONCLUSION Resveratrol prevents kidney damages that are caused by oxidative stress, enhances antioxidant capacity, and attenuates the inflammatory and fibrotic responses. For this reason, resveratrol is considered an interesting target in DN research due to its therapeutic possibilities during diabetic disorders and renal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Salami
- Department of biochemistry, Faculty of medicine, Semnan University of medical sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Salami
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hossein Aarabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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21
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Contribution of Oxidative Stress to HIF-1-Mediated Profibrotic Changes during the Kidney Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6114132. [PMID: 34712385 PMCID: PMC8548138 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6114132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia and oxidative stress are the common causes of various types of kidney injury. During recent years, the studies on hypoxia inducible factor- (HIF-) 1 attract more and more attention, which can not only mediate hypoxia adaptation but also contribute to profibrotic changes. Through analyzing related literatures, we found that oxidative stress can regulate the expression and activity of HIF-1α through some signaling molecules, such as prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein (PHD), PI-3K, and microRNA. And oxidative stress can take part in inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and extracellular matrix deposition mediated by HIF-1 via interacting with classical NF-κB and TGF-β signaling pathways. Therefore, based on previous literatures, this review summarizes the contribution of oxidative stress to HIF-1-mediated profibrotic changes during the kidney damage, in order to further understand the role of oxidative stress in renal fibrosis.
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22
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Wang HJ, Liu H, Lin YH, Zhang SJ. MiR-32-5p knockdown inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition and renal fibrosis by targeting SMAD7 in diabetic nephropathy. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:587-595. [PMID: 32959695 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120952157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is primary cause of end-stage renal disease. A previous study has shown that miR-32-5p (miR-32) is highly expressed in kidney tissue during chronic allograft dysfunction with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. However, the role of miR-32-5p (miR-32) in DN is still unclear. In this study, streptozotocin-induced DN rat models and high glucose (HG)-incubated human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells were established to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of miR-32 in DN. Results of real-time PCR revealed that miR-32 levels were greatly increased in DN rats and HG-incubated HK-2 cells. Downregulation of miR-32 effectively relieved HG-induced autophagy suppression, fibrosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammation in HK-2 cells. Besides, miR-32 overexpression significantly down-regulated the expression of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 (SMAD7), whereas knockdown of miR-32 markedly up-regulated the level of SMAD7. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that SMAD7 was a target of miR-32. Reintroduction of SMAD7 expression rescued miR-32-induced HK-2 cells autophagy suppression, EMT and renal fibrosis. Our findings indicate that miR-32 may play roles in the progression of EMT and fibrosis in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of 194024Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of 194024Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-H Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of 194024Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - S-J Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of 194024Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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23
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Chen J, Xu Q, Zhang W, Zhen Y, Cheng F, Hua G, Lan J, Tu C. MiR-203-3p inhibits the oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and apoptosis of mice podocytes induced by high glucose through regulating Sema3A expression. Open Life Sci 2020; 15:939-950. [PMID: 33817280 PMCID: PMC7874591 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most serious long-term microvascular complication of diabetes, which mainly causes podocyte injury. Many studies have shown that microRNAs play a vital role in the development of DN. Studies have shown that miR-203-3p is involved in mesangial cell proliferation and apoptosis of DN mice. Therefore, we speculated that miR-203-3p might be related to the development of DN, but our study does not provide any evidence. In animal experiments, diabetic mice (db/db) were transfected with iR-203-3p overexpression lentiviral vectors (LV-miR-203-3p) and their control (LV-miR-con), with normal mice (db/m) being used as the control. High glucose (HG)-induced podocytes were used to construct a DN cell model in vitro. The expression levels of miR-203-3p, Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) and inflammatory cytokines were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Also, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were used to evaluate the degree of renal injury in DN mice. Sema3A and apoptosis-related protein levels were assessed by the western blot analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the different oxidative stress-related indicators and inflammatory cytokines. Flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity detection were used to analyze the degree of podocyte apoptosis. Our results suggested that the expression of miR-203-3p was lower in DN mice and in HG-induced podocytes. Overexpression of miR-203-3p reduced the body weight, blood glucose and renal injury of DN mice in vivo, as well as relieve the oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis of HG-induced podocytes in vitro. Functionally, Sema3A was a target of miR-203-3p, and Sema3A overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-203-3p on HG-induced podocyte injury. Our findings revealed that miR-203-3p alleviated the podocyte injury induced by HG via regulating Sema3A expression, suggesting that miR-203-3p might be a new therapeutic target to improve the progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Dongguan Cardiovascular Institute, The Third People's Hospital of Dongguan City, No. 1, Xianglong Road, Shi Long Town, Dongguan, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Huangpu Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huangpu Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - YuLan Zhen
- Department of Oncology, The Third People's Hospital of Dongguan City, Dongguan, China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Dongguan Cardiovascular Institute, The Third People's Hospital of Dongguan City, No. 1, Xianglong Road, Shi Long Town, Dongguan, China
| | - Guo Hua
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Dongguan Cardiovascular Institute, The Third People's Hospital of Dongguan City, No. 1, Xianglong Road, Shi Long Town, Dongguan, China
| | - Jun Lan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Dongguan Cardiovascular Institute, The Third People's Hospital of Dongguan City, No. 1, Xianglong Road, Shi Long Town, Dongguan, China
| | - Chang Tu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Dongguan Cardiovascular Institute, The Third People's Hospital of Dongguan City, No. 1, Xianglong Road, Shi Long Town, Dongguan, China
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24
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Wang S, Huang Y, Luo G, Yang X, Huang W. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside attenuates high glucose-induced podocyte dysfunction by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting autophagy via activation of SIRT1/AMPK pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:589-598. [PMID: 33049148 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common and complicated chronic kidney disease around the world. To elucidate and find effective therapies of DN is of vital importance. In this paper, we have discovered that cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), which is one of the anthocyanins, could alleviate high glucose-induced podocyte dysfunction. MTT, flow cytometry assay, and Western blot analysis showed that C3G could reverse the increase of cell apoptosis under high glucose treatment in MPC5 cells by upregulation of Bcl2 and downregulation of Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Moreover, C3G improved the autophagy decrease that was induced by high glucose through regulating the expression level of LC3-II/LC3-I, Beclin1, and p62. In addition, C3G inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by increasing E-cadherin and reducing Vimentin. By further study of the mechanisms, we found C3G activated the SIRT1 and AMPK which were inhibited in high glucose condition. Silencing SIRT1 blocked the effect of C3G on regulating cell apoptosis, autophagy, and EMT. In summary, our current findings suggest the protective effect of C3G against high glucose-induced podocyte dysfunction is by improving autophagy and reducing apoptosis and EMT via activating SIRT1/AMPK pathway. It might be a new insight for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- Southwest Medical University, LuZhou City, SiChuan Province, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Southwest Medical University, LuZhou City, SiChuan Province, China
| | - Guangyan Luo
- Southwest Medical University, LuZhou City, SiChuan Province, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Southwest Medical University, LuZhou City, SiChuan Province, China
| | - Wei Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, LuZhou City, SiChuan Province, China
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Ishii H, Kaneko S, Yanai K, Aomatsu A, Hirai K, Ookawara S, Ishibashi K, Morishita Y. MicroRNAs in Podocyte Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Genet 2020; 11:993. [PMID: 33193581 PMCID: PMC7477342 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Podocyte injury contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy. However, the molecules that regulate podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy have not been fully clarified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that can inhibit the translation of target messenger RNAs. Previous reports have described alteration of the expression levels of many miRNAs in cultured podocyte cells stimulated with a high glucose concentration and podocytes in rodent models of diabetic nephropathy. The associations between podocyte injury and miRNA expression levels in blood, urine, and kidney in patients with diabetic nephropathy have also been reported. Moreover, modulation of the expression of several miRNAs has been shown to have protective effects against podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy in cultured podocyte cells in vitro and in rodent models of diabetic nephropathy in vivo. Therefore, this review focuses on miRNAs in podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy, with regard to their potential as biomarkers and miRNA modulation as a therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ishii
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shohei Kaneko
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanai
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akinori Aomatsu
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keiji Hirai
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Susumu Ookawara
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishibashi
- Department of Medical Physiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Morishita
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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Zhang H, Chen F, Liang Z, Wu Y, Pi J, Wang L, Du J, Shen J, Pan A, Pu Y. Analysis of miRNAs and their target genes associated with mucosal damage caused by transport stress in the mallard duck intestine. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237699. [PMID: 32810175 PMCID: PMC7437463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bowel health is an important factor for duck rearing that has been linked to feed uptake and growth and death rates. Because the regulatory networks associated with acute stress-mediated injury in the duck gastrointestinal tract have not clearly elucidated, we aimed to explore potential miRNA-mRNA pairs and their regulatory roles in oxidative stress injury caused by transport stress. Here, 1-day-old mallard ducklings from the same breeder flock were collected and transported for 8 h, whereas the control group was not being transported. Various parameters reflecting oxidative stress and the tissue appearance of the intestine were assessed. The data showed that the plasma T-AOC and SOD concentrations were decreased in the transported ducklings. The intestine of the transported ducklings also displayed significant damage. High-throughput sequencing of the intestine revealed 44 differentially expressed miRNAs and 75 differentially expressed genes, which constituted 344 miRNA-mRNA pairs. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the metabolic, FoxO signaling, influenza A and TGF-β signaling pathways were mainly involved in the mechanism underlying the induction of intestinal damage induced by simulated transport stress in ducks. A miRNA-mRNA pair, miR-217-5p/CHRDL1, was selected to validate the miRNA-mRNA negative relationship, and the results showed that miR-217-5p could influence CHRDL1 expression. This study provides new useful information for future research on the regulatory network associated with mucosal damage in the duck intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Liang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yan Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jinsong Pi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jinping Du
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jie Shen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ailuan Pan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yuejin Pu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Wuhan, PR China
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Cheng J, Hu W, Zheng F, Wu Y, Li M. hsa_circ_0058092 protects against hyperglycemia‑induced endothelial progenitor cell damage via miR‑217/FOXO3. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1146-1154. [PMID: 32705235 PMCID: PMC7387092 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate the expression of genes that are critical for various biological and pathological processes. Previous studies have reported that the expression of hsa_circ_0058092 is decreased in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM); however, the specific role of this circRNA in DM is unknown. In the present study, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were isolated and a decreased hsa_circ_0058092 expression was found under conditions of hyperglycemia (HG). The overexpression of hsa_circ_0058092 protected the EPCs against HG‑induced damage by preserving cell survival, proliferation, migration and angiogenic differentiation. The overexpression of hsa_circ_0058092 also decreased the HG‑induced increase in NADPH‑oxidase proteins and inflammatory cytokines. Further investigation revealed that the overexpression of hsa_circ_0058092 enhanced FOXO3 expression, which was mediated through the interaction with miR‑217. Furthermore, the upregulation of miR‑217 or the downregulation of FOXO3 abolished the protective effects of hsa_circ_0058092 against HG‑induced EPC damage. On the whole, these data suggest that hsa_circ_0058092 acts via the miR‑217/FOXO3 pathway to protect against EPCs HG‑induced damage, and to preserve the migration and angiogenesis of EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Fenghui Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yongfa Wu
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Maoquan Li
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
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Khokhar M, Roy D, Modi A, Agarwal R, Yadav D, Purohit P, Sharma P. Perspectives on the role of PTEN in diabetic nephropathy: an update. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 57:470-483. [PMID: 32306805 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1746735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a potent tumor suppressor gene that antagonizes the proto-oncogenic phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway and governs basic cellular metabolic processes. Recently, its role in cell growth, metabolism, architecture, and motility as an intramolecular and regulatory mediator has gained widespread research interest as it applies to non-tumorous diseases, such as insulin resistance (IR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN). DN is characterized by renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and PTEN plays a significant role in the regulation of both. Epigenetics and microRNAs (miRNAs) are novel players in post-transcriptional regulation and research evidence demonstrates that they reduce the expression of PTEN by acting as key regulators of autophagy and TIF through activation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. These regulatory processes might play an important role in solving the complexities of DN pathogenesis and IR, as well as the therapeutic management of DN with the help of PTEN K27-linked polyubiquitination. Currently, there are no comprehensive reviews citing the role PTEN plays in the development of DN and its regulation via miRNA and epigenetic modifications. The present review explores these facets of PTEN in the pathogenesis of IR and DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Khokhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Dipayan Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Anupama Modi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Riddhi Agarwal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Dharmveer Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Purvi Purohit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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29
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Podocyte Lysosome Dysfunction in Chronic Glomerular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051559. [PMID: 32106480 PMCID: PMC7084483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are visceral epithelial cells covering the outer surface of glomerular capillaries in the kidney. Blood is filtered through the slit diaphragm of podocytes to form urine. The functional and structural integrity of podocytes is essential for the normal function of the kidney. As a membrane-bound organelle, lysosomes are responsible for the degradation of molecules via hydrolytic enzymes. In addition to its degradative properties, recent studies have revealed that lysosomes may serve as a platform mediating cellular signaling in different types of cells. In the last decade, increasing evidence has revealed that the normal function of the lysosome is important for the maintenance of podocyte homeostasis. Podocytes have no ability to proliferate under most pathological conditions; therefore, lysosome-dependent autophagic flux is critical for podocyte survival. In addition, new insights into the pathogenic role of lysosome and associated signaling in podocyte injury and chronic kidney disease have recently emerged. Targeting lysosomal functions or signaling pathways are considered potential therapeutic strategies for some chronic glomerular diseases. This review briefly summarizes current evidence demonstrating the regulation of lysosomal function and signaling mechanisms as well as the canonical and noncanonical roles of podocyte lysosome dysfunction in the development of chronic glomerular diseases and associated therapeutic strategies.
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Lin CJ, Lan YM, Ou MQ, Ji LQ, Lin SD. Expression of miR-217 and HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in patients with diabetic foot ulcer and its effect on angiogenesis of diabetic foot ulcer rats. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:1307-1317. [PMID: 31079353 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of miR-217 and HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and its effect on angiogenesis in DFU rats. METHODS The serum levels of miR-217, HIF-1α and VEGF were detected in DFU and simple diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, and healthy controls. DFU rat models were established and treated with miR-217 inhibitors and/or HIF-1α siRNA. The ulcer healing of DFU rats was observed. Besides, ELISA method was performed to detect the serum level of HIF-1α, VEGF and inflammatory factors, immunohistochemical (IHC) method to test the micro-vessel density (MVD), as well as qRT-PCR and Western blot to determine expressions of miR-217, HIF-1α, VEGF, VEGFR2, eNOS, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in tissues. RESULTS The serum levels of miR-217 were up-regulated while HIF-1α and VEGF were down-regulated in DFU patients and rats when compared with DM and healthy controls (all P < 0.05). Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that HIF-1α was the direct target gene of miR-217. DFU rats treated with miR-217 inhibitors had decreased foot ulcer area and accelerated ulcer healing, with significantly reduced inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6), as well as elevated HIF-1α and VEGF (all P < 0.05); meanwhile, they remarkably increased the MVD in foot dorsum wound tissues and the protein expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF, VEGFR2, eNOS, MMP-2, and MMP-9 (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Inhibiting miR-217 could up-regulate HIF-1α/VEGF pathway to promote angiogenesis and ameliorate inflammation of DFU rats, thereby effectively advancing the healing of ulcerated area.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-J Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Y-M Lan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - M-Q Ou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - L-Q Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - S-D Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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31
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Xiao H, Liu Z. Effects of microRNA‑217 on high glucose‑induced inflammation and apoptosis of human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE‑19) and its underlying mechanism. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:5125-5133. [PMID: 31702814 PMCID: PMC6854520 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication of diabetes. Increasing evidence has indicated that microRNAs (miRs) serves an important role in diabetic retinopathy. However, the expression and mechanism of miR-217 in high glucose-induced human retinal pigment epithelial cells ARPE-19 is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-217 in high glucose-induced retinal epithelial cell damage, and further to explore the molecular mechanisms. In our study, we found that compared with control group, miR-217 was upregulated in high glucose-induced ARPE-19 cells. In addition, TargetScan and a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was a direct target of miR-217. Then, we performed reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay and western blot assay to explore the expression of SIRT1 in high glucose-induced ARPE-19 cells. Our results demonstrated that SIRT1 was downregulated at the mRNA and protein levels in high glucose-induced ARPE-19 cells. Then, ARPE-19 cells were transfected with inhibitor control, miR-217 inhibitor or miR-217 inhibitor + SIRT1-small interfering RNA for 6 h, and then the cells were treated with 50 mM D-glucose for 24 h. We then investigated the effects of miR-217 inhibitor on ARPE-19 cell viability and apoptosis. An MTT assay revealed that miR-217 inhibitor significantly increased the viability and decreased the apoptosis of high glucose-induced ARPE-19 cells. ELISA indicated that miR-217 inhibitor significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory factors, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 in high glucose-treated ARPE-19 cells. Additionally, a western blot assay demonstrated that miR-217 inhibitor suppressed the expression of p-p65. The effects of miR-217 inhibitor on high glucose-treated ARPE-19 cells were significantly reversed by the silencing the SIRT1 gene. Therefore, our findings suggested that miR-217 inhibitor protected against retinal epithelial cell damage caused by high glucose via targeting SIRT1, thereby playing a protective role in diabetic retinopathy. Targeting miR-217 may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jing Men No. 2 People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Aier Eye Hospital, Chongqing 400020, P.R. China
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32
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Cao Q, Chen X, Huang C, Pollock CA. MicroRNA as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in diabetic kidney disease: An update. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:375-388. [PMID: 32123840 PMCID: PMC6996361 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2018-00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a life-limiting condition characterized by progressive and irreversible loss of renal function. Currently, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria are used as key markers to define DKD. However, they may not accurately indicate the degree of renal dysfunction and injury. Current therapeutic approaches for DKD, including attainment of blood pressure goals, optimal control of blood glucose and lipid levels, and the use of agents to block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) can only slow the progression of DKD. Hence, early diagnosis and innovative strategies are needed to both prevent and treat DKD. In recent years, a novel class of noncoding RNA, microRNAs (miRNAs) are reported to be involved in all biological processes, including cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by posttranscriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. They are found to be in virtually all body fluids and used successfully as biomarkers for various diseases. Urinary miRNAs correlate with clinical and histologic parameters in DKD and differential urinary miRNA expression patterns have been reported. Kidney fibrosis is the common end stage of various CKD including DKD. Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) is regarded as the master regulator of kidney fibrosis, which is likely at least in part through regulating miRNA expression. miRNA are widely involved in the progression of DKD via many molecular mechanisms. In this review, the involvement of miRNA in fibrosis, inflammation, hypertrophy, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and podocyte injury will be discussed, as these mechanisms are believed to offer new therapeutic targets that can be exploited to develop important treatments for DKD over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Cao
- Renal Research LaboratoryKolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore hospitalSt Leonards, SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Xin‐Ming Chen
- Renal Research LaboratoryKolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore hospitalSt Leonards, SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Chunling Huang
- Renal Research LaboratoryKolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore hospitalSt Leonards, SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Renal Research LaboratoryKolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore hospitalSt Leonards, SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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El Zein N, Abdallah MS, Daher CF, Mroueh M, Stephan J, Bahous SA, Eid A, Faour WH. Ghrelin modulates intracellular signalling pathways that are critical for podocyte survival. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 37:245-255. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maya S. Abdallah
- Gilbert and Rose‐Marie Chagoury, School of MedicineLebanese American University Byblos Lebanon
- Institut Européen des MembranesUniversité de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Costantine F. Daher
- School of Arts and Sciences, Natural Sciences DepartmentLebanese American University Byblos Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Mroueh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of PharmacyLebanese American University Byblos Lebanon
| | - Joseph Stephan
- Gilbert and Rose‐Marie Chagoury, School of MedicineLebanese American University Byblos Lebanon
| | - Sola Aoun Bahous
- Gilbert and Rose‐Marie Chagoury, School of MedicineLebanese American University Byblos Lebanon
| | - Assaad Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of MedicineAmerican University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Wissam H. Faour
- Gilbert and Rose‐Marie Chagoury, School of MedicineLebanese American University Byblos Lebanon
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Wang T, Zhu H, Yang S, Fei X. Let‑7a‑5p may participate in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy through targeting HMGA2. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4229-4237. [PMID: 30896854 PMCID: PMC6471493 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), and has been demonstrated as one of the major causes of renal failure. In a previous study, it was noted that microRNA let-7a-5p was downregulated in DN; however, the underlying mechanism requires additional investigation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of let-7a-5p in the pathogenesis of DN and its associated mechanism. The renal tissues of db/db and db/m mice, and renal mesangial cells treated with high concentrations of glucose were obtained; reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis were applied to detect the expression of let-7a-5p and high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) in vivo and in vitro. In addition, renal mesangial cells cultured under high-glucose conditions (20 and 30 mmol/l) were transfected with either let-7a-5p mimics or let-7a-5p inhibitors. The effects of let-7a-5p on the proliferation and apoptosis of renal mesangial cells were examined using CCK-8 and flow cytometry methods. Additionally, cells were collected and the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) and HMGA2 was analyzed with western blot analysis. Finally, a dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm whether HMGA2 was a direct target of let-7a-5p. Let-7a-5p was significantly downregulated and HMGA2 was markedly upregulated in the tissue samples of DN mice and renal mesangial cells cultured under high-glucose conditions. In addition, transfection of let-7a-5p mimics induced a significant decrease in the proliferation and increase in the apoptosis of renal mesangial cells cultured under high-glucose conditions; transfection of let-7a-5p inhibitors exhibited the opposite effects. Furthermore, transfection of let-7a-5p mimics also led to the inhibition of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway; transfection of let-7a-5p inhibitors may activate the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway through the increase in PI3K and AKT levels. Finally, a dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that HMGA2 is a direct target of let-7a-5p. Let-7a-5p was downregulated in DN and may participate in the pathogenesis of DN via regulating HMGA2 expression and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taixing City Second People's Hospital, Taixing, Jiangsu 225400, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taixing City Second People's Hospital, Taixing, Jiangsu 225400, P.R. China
| | - Shufang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Fei
- Department of Endocrinology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
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Zha F, Bai L, Tang B, Li J, Wang Y, Zheng P, Ji T, Bai S. MicroRNA-503 contributes to podocyte injury via targeting E2F3 in diabetic nephropathy. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12574-12581. [PMID: 30834596 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is serious diabetic complication with capillary injury. Podocyte injury exerts a crucial effect on DN pathogenesis. MicroRNA-503 (miR-503) has been reported in various diseases including DN. Here, we investigated the detailed mechanism of miR-503 in the podocyte injury of DN. The functional role of miR-503 was investigated in cultured podocytes and diabetic rats. Podocyte injury was evaluated by migration and apoptosis experiments in podocytes and we observed that high glucose elevated miR-503 in a time and dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3), as a crucial regulator in multiple diseases, was predicted as a potential target of miR-503 here. It was shown that E2F3 was greatly decreased in podocytes incubated with high glucose and miR-503 modulated its expression negatively. In addition, downregulation of E2F3 contributed to podocyte injury, which was reversed by miR-503 inhibitors in vitro. Furthermore, we proved that increase of miR-503 resulted in an unfavorable renal function in diabetic rats via targeting E2F3. These revealed for the first time that the overexpression of miR-503 promoted podocyte injury via targeting E2F3 in diabetic nephropathy and miR-503/E2F3 axis might represent a pathological mechanism of diabetic nephropathy progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zha
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lin Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Huai'an, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yakun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - PengXi Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shoujun Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District, Shanghai, P. R. China
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36
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Wang M, Hu J, Yan L, Yang Y, He M, Wu M, Li Q, Gong W, Yang Y, Wang Y, Handy DE, Lu B, Hao C, Wang Q, Li Y, Hu R, Stanton RC, Zhang Z. High glucose-induced ubiquitination of G6PD leads to the injury of podocytes. FASEB J 2019; 33:6296-6310. [PMID: 30785802 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801921r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes substantially to podocyte injury, which plays an important role in the development of diabetic kidney disease. The mechanism of hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in podocytes is not fully understood. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is critical in maintaining NADPH, which is an important cofactor for the antioxidant system. Here, we hypothesized that high glucose induced ubiquitination and degradation of G6PD, which injured podocytes by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. We found that G6PD protein expression was decreased in kidneys of both diabetic patients and diabetic rodents. G6PD activity was also reduced in diabetic mice. Overexpressing G6PD reversed redox imbalance and podocyte apoptosis induced by high glucose and palmitate. Inhibition of G6PD with small interfering RNA induced podocyte apoptosis. In kidneys of G6PD-deficient mice, podocyte apoptosis was significantly increased. Interestingly, high glucose had no effect on G6PD mRNA expression. Decreased G6PD protein expression was mediated by the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. We found that the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein, an E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit, directly bound to G6PD and degraded G6PD through ubiquitylating G6PD on K366 and K403. In summary, our data suggest that high glucose induces ubiquitination of G6PD by VHL E3 ubiquitin ligase, which leads to ROS accumulation and podocyte injury.-Wang, M., Hu, J., Yan, L., Yang, Y., He, M., Wu, M., Li, Q., Gong, W., Yang, Y., Wang, Y., Handy, D. E., Lu, B., Hao, C., Wang, Q., Li, Y., Hu, R., Stanton, R. C., Zhang, Z. High glucose-induced ubiquitination of G6PD leads to the injury of podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Linling Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Suzhou, China
| | - Yeping Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min He
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Diane E Handy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bin Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanming Hao
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yiming Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronggui Hu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert C Stanton
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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37
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Li Q, Zeng Y, Jiang Q, Wu C, Zhou J. Role of mTOR signaling in the regulation of high glucose-induced podocyte injury. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2495-2502. [PMID: 30906437 PMCID: PMC6425130 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury, which promotes progressive nephropathy, is considered a key factor in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade controls cell growth, survival and metabolism. The present study investigated the role of mTOR signaling in regulating high glucose (HG)-induced podocyte injury. MTT assay and flow cytometry assay results indicated that HG significantly increased podocyte viability and apoptosis. HG effects on podocytes were suppressed by mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor, rapamycin, and further suppressed by dual mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibitor, KU0063794, when compared with podocytes that received mannitol treatment. In addition, western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of Thr-389-phosphorylated p70S6 kinase (p-p70S6K) and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) were significantly increased by HG when compared with mannitol treatment. Notably, rapamycin significantly inhibited HG-induced p-p70S6K expression, but did not significantly impact p-Akt expression. However, KU0063794 significantly inhibited the HG-induced p-p70S6K and p-Akt expression levels. Furthermore, the expression of ezrin was significantly reduced by HG when compared with mannitol treatment; however, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression was significantly increased. Immunofluorescence analysis on ezrin and α-SMA supported the results of western blot analysis. KU0063794, but not rapamycin, suppressed the effect of HG on the expression levels of ezrin and α-SMA. Thus, it was suggested that the increased activation of mTOR signaling mediated HG-induced podocyte injury. In addition, the present findings suggest that the mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling pathways may be responsible for the cell viability and apoptosis, and that the mTORC2 pathway could be primarily responsible for the regulation of cytoskeleton-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Li
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wu
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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38
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Zhao H, Ma SX, Shang YQ, Zhang HQ, Su W. microRNAs in chronic kidney disease. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 491:59-65. [PMID: 30639583 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) results in high morbidity and mortality worldwide causing a huge socioeconomic burden. MicroRNA (miRNA) exert critical regulatory functions by targeting downstream genes and have been associated with many pathophysiologic processes including CKD. In fact, many studies have shown that the expression of various miRNAs was significantly changed in CKD. Current investigations have focused on revealing the relationship between miRNAs and CKD states including diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and IgA nephropathy. In this review, we summarize the latest advances elucidating miRNA involvement in the progression of CKD and demonstrate that miRNAs have the potential to be effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets for subsequent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Shi-Xing Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, No. 8 Jiangtan Road, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, China
| | - You-Quan Shang
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, No. 8 Jiangtan Road, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, China
| | - Huan-Qiao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, No. 8 Jiangtan Road, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, No. 8 Jiangtan Road, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, China.
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39
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Zhao XC, Livingston MJ, Liang XL, Dong Z. Cell Apoptosis and Autophagy in Renal Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:557-584. [PMID: 31399985 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final common pathway of all chronic kidney diseases progressing to end-stage renal diseases. Autophagy, a highly conserved lysosomal degradation pathway, plays important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis in all major types of kidney cells including renal tubular cells as well as podocytes, mesangial cells and endothelial cells in glomeruli. Autophagy dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of various renal pathologies. Here, we analyze the pathological role and regulation of autophagy in renal fibrosis and related kidney diseases in both glomeruli and tubulointerstitial compartments. Further research is expected to gain significant mechanistic insights and discover pathway-specific and kidney-selective therapies targeting autophagy to prevent renal fibrosis and related kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Chen Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man J Livingston
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Xin-Ling Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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40
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Song Y, Miao C, Wang J. LncRNA ZEB1-AS1 inhibits renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy by regulating the miR-217/MAFB axis. RSC Adv 2019; 9:30389-30397. [PMID: 35557748 PMCID: PMC9088285 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05602e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common chronic microvascular complication of diabetes, characterized by the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Department of Nephrology
- People's Hospital of Rizhao
- Rizhao
- China
| | - Chunxia Miao
- Department of Nephrology
- People's Hospital of Rizhao
- Rizhao
- China
| | - Jianwen Wang
- Department of Nephrology
- People's Hospital of Rizhao
- Rizhao
- China
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41
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Jiang W, Wang Q, Yu X, Lu T, Zhang P. MicroRNA-217 relieved neuropathic pain through targeting toll-like receptor 5 expression. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3009-3017. [PMID: 30548304 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is the most common chronic pain that is caused by nerve injury or disease that influences the nervous system. Increasing evidence suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in neuropathic pain and neuroinflammation development. However, the functional role of miR-217 in the development of neuropathic pain remains unknown. In this study, we used rats to establish a neuropathic pain model and showed that the miR-217 expression level was upregulated in the spinal dorsal horn of bilateral sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (bCCI). However, the expression of miR-217 was not changed in the anterior cingulated cortex (ACC), hippocampus, and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of bCCI rats. Ectopic expression of miR-217 attenuated neuropathic pain and suppressed neuroinflammation expression in vivo. We identified toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) as a direct target gene of miR-217 in the PC12 cell. In addition, we demonstrated that the expression level of TLR5 was upregulated in bCCI rats. Moreover, restoration of TLR5 rescued the inhibitory roles induced by miR-217 overexpression on neuropathic pain and neuroinflammation development. These data suggested that miR-217 played a pivotal role in the development of neuropathic pain partly through regulating TLR5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwei Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qinghui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuemei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tong Lu
- The Second Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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42
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Jin LW, Pan M, Ye HY, Zheng Y, Chen Y, Huang WW, Xu XY, Zheng SB. Down-regulation of the long non-coding RNA XIST ameliorates podocyte apoptosis in membranous nephropathy via the miR-217-TLR4 pathway. Exp Physiol 2018; 104:220-230. [PMID: 30414341 DOI: 10.1113/ep087190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the role of the long non-coding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST), which is up-regulated in injured podocytes and membranous nephropathy, in the pathogenesis of membranous nephropathy? What is the main finding and its importance? XIST was up-regulated in kidney tissue with membranous nephropathy and in injured podocytes. Down-regulation of XIST inhibited podocyte apoptosis. XIST negatively regulated miR-217, and miR-217 modulated Toll-like receptor 4. Inhibition of XIST suppressed podocyte apoptosis induced by angiotensin II via miR-217. ABSTRACT Membranous nephropathy is often characterized by glomerular podocyte injury. Up-regulation of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) has been verified in membranous nephropathy and in injured podocytes. Here the role of XIST in podocyte injury and membranous nephropathy was explored. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were performed to detect the expression of XIST and miR-217, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein, respectively. Podocyte apoptosis was evaluated with flow cytometry. Interaction between XIST and miR-217 was analysed by RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down assay. A dual luciferase reporter assay was used to examine the interplay between miR-217 and TLR4. Up-regulation of the lncRNA XIST and angiotensin II (Ang II) and kidney and podocyte injury were indicated in kidney tissue of patients with membranous nephropathy. Increase of XIST and apoptosis were induced by Ang II in podocytes. Down-regulation of XIST reversed podocyte apoptosis induced by Ang II. MiR-217 was negatively regulated by XIST. MiR-217 controlled TLR4 by targeting its 3'-untranslated region. XIST modulated TLR4 through miR-217 and inhibition of XIST reduced podocyte apoptosis induced by Ang II via regulating miR-217. Down-regulation of XIST ameliorates podocyte apoptosis via the miR-217-TLR4 pathway, which may improve membranous nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Wei Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Min Pan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Han-Yang Ye
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Shu-Bei Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
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43
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Zhao X, Chen Y, Tan X, Zhang L, Zhang H, Li Z, Liu S, Li R, Lin T, Liao R, Zhang Q, Dong W, Shi W, Liang X. Advanced glycation end-products suppress autophagic flux in podocytes by activating mammalian target of rapamycin and inhibiting nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB. J Pathol 2018; 245:235-248. [PMID: 29570219 PMCID: PMC5969319 DOI: 10.1002/path.5077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient autophagy in podocytes is related to podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) are major factors of podocyte injury in DN. However, the role and mechanism of AGEs in autophagic dysfunction remain unknown. We investigated autophagic flux in AGE‐stimulated cultured podocytes using multiple assays: western blotting, reverse transcription–quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and electron microscopy. We also utilized chloroquine and a fluorescent probe to monitor the formation and turnover of autophagosomes. Mice of the db/db strain were used to model diabetes mellitus (DM) with high levels of AGEs. To mimic DM with normal levels of AGEs as a control, we treated db/db mice with pyridoxamine to block AGE formation. AGEs impaired autophagic flux in the cultured podocytes. Compared with db/db mice with normal AGEs but high glucose levels, db/db mice with high AGEs and high glucose levels exhibited lower autophagic activity. Aberrant autophagic flux was related to hyperactive mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a major suppressor of autophagy. Pharmacologic inhibition of mTOR activity restored impaired autophagy. AGEs inhibited the nuclear translocation and activity of the pro‐autophagic transcription factor EB (TFEB) and thus suppressed transcription of its several autophagic target genes. Conversely, TFEB overexpression prevented AGE‐induced autophagy insufficiency. Attenuating mTOR activity recovered TFEB nuclear translocation under AGE stimulation. Co‐immunoprecipitation assays further demonstrated the interaction between mTOR and TFEB in AGE‐stimulated podocytes and in glomeruli from db/db mice. In conclusion, AGEs play a crucial part in suppressing podocyte autophagy under DM conditions. AGEs inhibited the formation and turnover of autophagosomes in podocytes by activating mTOR and inhibiting the nuclear translocation of TFEB. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Zhao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.,Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yuanhan Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.,Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaofan Tan
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.,Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhilian Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shuangxin Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ruizhao Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ting Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ruyi Liao
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qianmei Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wei Dong
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.,Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xinling Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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44
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Yu SMW, Bonventre JV. Acute Kidney Injury and Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2018; 25:166-180. [PMID: 29580581 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease, commonly termed diabetic nephropathy (DN), is the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) worldwide. The characteristic histopathology of DN includes glomerular basement membrane thickening, mesangial expansion, nodular glomerular sclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Diabetes is associated with a number of metabolic derangements, such as reactive oxygen species overproduction, hypoxic state, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. In the past few decades, our knowledge of DN has advanced considerably although much needs to be learned. The traditional paradigm of glomerulus-centered pathophysiology has expanded to the tubule-interstitium, the immune response and inflammation. Biomarkers of proximal tubule injury have been shown to correlate with DN progression, independent of traditional glomerular injury biomarkers such as albuminuria. In this review, we summarize mechanisms of increased susceptibility to acute kidney injury in diabetes mellitus and the roles played by many kidney cell types to facilitate maladaptive responses leading to chronic and end-stage kidney disease.
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45
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Shi M, Wang Y, Zhang F, Yan R, Liu L, Xiao Y, Guo B. Notch1 regulates PTEN expression to exacerbate renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting autophagy via interactions with Hes1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:1110-1116. [PMID: 29496446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious clinical microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. DN is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix, resulting in progressive fibrosis leading to the loss of renal function. Notch1 and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) signaling have been associated with fibrosis. Autophagy serves as an essential regulator of tubular cellular homeostasis. However, how these molecules control the balance between fibrosis and autophagy, the main homeostatic mechanism regulating fibrosis, is not well understood. This association was confirmed using Notch1-siRNA in vitro, which prevented the increase in Hes1 and restored PTEN expression. In contrast, transfection with pHAGE-Hes1 repressed PTEN promoter-driven luciferase activity, implying a direct relationship between Hes1 and PTEN. The expression of Notch1 and Hes1 was increased in diabetic db/db mice by western blotting; in contrast, the expression of PTEN was decreased. Importantly, the dysregulation of these signaling molecules was associated with an increase in extracellular matrix proteins (Collagen-I and III) and the inhibition of autophagy. Similar results were evident in response to high glucose concentrations in vitro in the NRK-52e cells. Therefore, the high glucose concentrations present in diabetes promote fibrosis through the Notch1 pathway via Hes1, while inhibiting the PTEN and autophagy. In conclusion, the inhibition of PTEN by Notch1/Hes1 in response to high glucose concentration inhibits autophagy, which is associated with the progression of fibrosis. Therefore, these signaling molecules may represent novel therapeutic targets in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- XingMei Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Laboratory of Pathogenesis Research, Drug Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - YingYing Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Laboratory of Pathogenesis Research, Drug Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - MingJun Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Laboratory of Pathogenesis Research, Drug Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - YuanYuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Laboratory of Pathogenesis Research, Drug Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Laboratory of Pathogenesis Research, Drug Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, China
| | - LingLing Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Laboratory of Pathogenesis Research, Drug Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Laboratory of Pathogenesis Research, Drug Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Laboratory of Pathogenesis Research, Drug Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.
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Yang D, Livingston MJ, Liu Z, Dong G, Zhang M, Chen JK, Dong Z. Autophagy in diabetic kidney disease: regulation, pathological role and therapeutic potential. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:669-688. [PMID: 28871310 PMCID: PMC5771948 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease, a leading cause of end-stage renal disease, has become a serious public health problem worldwide and lacks effective therapies. Autophagy is a highly conserved lysosomal degradation pathway that removes protein aggregates and damaged organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis. As important stress-responsive machinery, autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Emerging evidence has suggested that dysregulated autophagy may contribute to both glomerular and tubulointerstitial pathologies in kidneys under diabetic conditions. This review summarizes the recent findings regarding the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease and highlights the regulation of autophagy by the nutrient-sensing pathways and intracellular stress signaling in this disease. The advances in our understanding of autophagy in diabetic kidney disease will facilitate the discovery of a new therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of this life-threatening diabetes complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Man J Livingston
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guie Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Jian-Kang Chen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Wang H, Feng Z, Xie J, Wen F, Jv M, Liang T, Li J, Wang Y, Zuo Y, Li S, Li R, Li Z, Zhang B, Liang X, Liu S, Shi W, Wang W. Podocyte-specific knockin of PTEN protects kidney from hyperglycemia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F1096-F1107. [PMID: 29361670 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00575.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) has proven to be downregulated in podocytes challenged with high glucose (HG), and knockout of PTEN in podocytes aggravated the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, whether podocyte-specific knockin of PTEN protects the kidney against hyperglycemia in vivo remains unknown. The inducible podocyte-specific PTEN knockin (PPKI) mice were generated by crossing newly created transgenic loxP-stop- loxP-PTEN mice with podocin-iCreERT2 mice. Diabetes mellitus was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 150 mg/kg. In vitro, small interfering RNA and adenovirus interference were used to observe the role of PTEN in HG-treated podocytes. Our data demonstrated that PTEN was markedly reduced in the podocytes of patients with DKD and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, as well as in those of db/db mice. Interestingly, podocyte-specific knockin of PTEN significantly alleviated albuminuria, mesangial matrix expansion, effacement of podocyte foot processes, and incrassation of glomerular basement membrane in diabetic PPKI mice compared with wild-type diabetic mice, whereas no alteration was observed in the level of blood glucose. The potential renal protection of overexpressed PTEN in podocytes was partly attributed with an improvement in autophagy and motility and the inhibition of apoptosis. Our results showed that podocyte-specific knockin of PTEN protected the kidney against hyperglycemia in vivo , suggesting that targeting PTEN might be a novel and promising therapeutic strategy against DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ziwei Feng
- Division of Urology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jianteng Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Feng Wen
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Menglei Jv
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Tiantian Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jing Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yangyang Zuo
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Sheng Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ruizhao Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhilian Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xinling Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shuangxin Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wei Shi
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
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Zhang Y, Zhao S, Wu D, Liu X, Shi M, Wang Y, Zhang F, Ding J, Xiao Y, Guo B. MicroRNA-22 Promotes Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis by Targeting PTEN and Suppressing Autophagy in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:4728645. [PMID: 29850604 PMCID: PMC5903315 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4728645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is a major feature of diabetic nephropathy (DN). There is increasing evidence demonstrating that microRNAs act as key players in the regulation of autophagy and are involved in DN. However, the exact link among microRNAs, autophagy, and TIF in DN is largely unknown. In this study, our results showed that TIF was observed in DN rats together with obvious autophagy suppression. Moreover, microRNA-22 (miR-22) was upregulated and associated with reduced expression of its target gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in both the kidneys of DN rats and high glucose-cultured NRK-52E cells. Intriguingly, induction of autophagy by rapamycin antagonized high glucose-induced collagen IV (Col IV) and α-SMA expression. In addition, ectopic expression of miR-22 suppressed autophagic flux and induced the expression of Col IV and α-SMA, whereas the inhibition of endogenous miR-22 effectively relieved high glucose-induced autophagy suppression and the expression of Col IV and α-SMA in NRK-52E cells. Overexpression of PTEN protectively antagonized high glucose- and miR-22-induced autophagy suppression and the expression of Col IV. Therefore, our findings indicated that miR-22 may promote TIF by suppressing autophagy partially via targeting PTEN and represents a novel and promising therapeutic target for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
- Laboratory of Pathogenesis Research, Drug Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Siqi Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
- Laboratory of Pathogenesis Research, Drug Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Depei Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
- Laboratory of Pathogenesis Research, Drug Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Xingmei Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
- Laboratory of Pathogenesis Research, Drug Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Mingjun Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
- Laboratory of Pathogenesis Research, Drug Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
- Laboratory of Pathogenesis Research, Drug Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
- Laboratory of Pathogenesis Research, Drug Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
- Laboratory of Pathogenesis Research, Drug Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
- Laboratory of Pathogenesis Research, Drug Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
- Laboratory of Pathogenesis Research, Drug Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
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Jiang Y, Wang W, Liu ZY, Xie Y, Qian Y, Cai XN. Overexpression of miR-130a-3p/301a-3p attenuates high glucose-induced MPC5 podocyte dysfunction through suppression of TNF-α signaling. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1021-1028. [PMID: 29434693 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α has been reported to be important in glomerulonephritis, which is closely associated with podocyte dysfunction and apoptosis. However, the precise mechanisms by which TNF-α expression are regulated remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of microRNA (miR)-130a-3p/301a-3p in the post-transcriptional control of TNF-α expression and high glucose (HG)-induced podocyte dysfunction. Mice MPC5 podocytes were incubated with HG and transfected with miR-130a-3p/301a-3p mimics or inhibitors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured by flow cytometry assay, and the mRNA and protein levels were assayed by using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The targeted genes were predicted by a bioinformatics algorithm and verified using a dual luciferase reporter assay. It was observed that miR-130a-3p/301a-3p was a novel regulator of TNF-α in mouse podocytes. miR-130a-3p/301a-3p mimics inhibited TNF-α 3'-untranslated region luciferase reporter activity, in addition to endogenous TNF-α protein expression. Furthermore, forced expression of miR-130a-3p or miR-301a-3p resulted in the downregulation of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the upregulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 in the presence of HG. Inhibition of TNF-α level prevented a remarkable reduction in SOD activity and a marked increase in ROS and MDA levels in HG-treated podocytes. Furthermore, TNF-α loss-of-function significantly reversed HG-induced podocyte apoptosis. These data demonstrated a novel up-stream role for miR-130a-3p/301a-3p in TNF-α-mediated podocyte dysfunction and apoptosis in the presence of HG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Cancer Hospital of Guizhou, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The 455 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Nephrology Center of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Shanghai 200052, P.R. China
| | - Zong-Yang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Cancer Hospital of Guizhou, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The Cancer Hospital of Guizhou, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Qian
- Department of Nephrology, The Cancer Hospital of Guizhou, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Ni Cai
- Department of Nephrology, The Cancer Hospital of Guizhou, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, P.R. China
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Abdallah MS, Kennedy CRJ, Stephan JS, Khalil PA, Mroueh M, Eid AA, Faour WH. Transforming growth factor-β1 and phosphatases modulate COX-2 protein expression and TAU phosphorylation in cultured immortalized podocytes. Inflamm Res 2017; 67:191-201. [PMID: 29085960 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The aim of this study is to elucidate TGF-β1 signaling pathways involved in COX-2 protein induction and modulation of TAU protein phosphorylation in cultured podocytes. MATERIALS, TREATMENT AND METHODS In vitro cultured immortalized podocytes were stimulated with TGF-β1 in presence and absence of pharmacologic inhibitors for various signaling pathways and phosphatases. Then, COX-2 protein expression, as well as P38MAPK, AKT and TAU phosphorylation levels were evaluated by western blot analysis. RESULTS TGF-β1 induction of COX-2 protein levels was completely blocked by pharmacologic inhibitors of phosphatases, P38 MAPK, or NF-қB pathways. Time course experiments showed that TGF-β1 activated p38 MAPK after 5 min of stimulation. Interestingly, podocyte co-incubated with TGF-β1, high glucose and/or PGE2 showed strong increase in p38 MAPK and AKT phosphorylation as well as COX- 2 protein expression levels. Levels of phosphorylated AKT were further reduced and levels of phosphorylated p38 were increased when PGE2 was added to the culture media. Interestingly, selective phosphatases inhibitors completely abrogated PGE2-induced P38 MAPK and TAU phosphorylation. Also, inhibition of phosphatases reversed TGF-β1-induced COX-2 protein expression either alone or when incubated with high glucose or PGE2. CONCLUSION These data suggest TGF-β1 mediates its effect in podocyte through novel signaling mechanisms including phosphatases and TAU protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya S Abdallah
- Institut Européen des Membranes, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Christopher R J Kennedy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Joseph S Stephan
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Pamela Abou Khalil
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Mroueh
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Assaad A Eid
- School of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wissam H Faour
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon.
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