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Song N, Xu H, Wu S, Luo S, Xu J, Zhao Q, Wang R, Jiang X. Synergistic activation of AMPK by AdipoR1/2 agonist and inhibitor of EDPs-EBP interaction recover NAFLD through enhancing mitochondrial function in mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:542-558. [PMID: 36873175 PMCID: PMC9978995 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a common hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. However, there are no effective therapy to treat this devastating disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that the generation of elastin-derived peptides (EDPs) and the inhibition of adiponectin receptors (AdipoR)1/2 plays essential roles in hepatic lipid metabolism and liver fibrosis. We recently reported that the AdipoR1/2 dual agonist JT003 significantly degraded the extracellular matrix (ECM) and ameliorated liver fibrosis. However, the degradation of the ECM lead to the generation of EDPs, which could further alter liver homeostasis negatively. Thus, in this study, we successfully combined AdipoR1/2 agonist JT003 with V14, which acted as an inhibitor of EDPs-EBP interaction to overcome the defect of ECM degradation. We found that combination of JT003 and V14 possessed excellent synergistic benefits on ameliorating NASH and liver fibrosis than either alone since they compensate the shortage of each other. These effects are induced by the enhancement of the mitochondrial antioxidant capacity, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis via AMPK pathway. Furthermore, specific suppression of AMPK could block the effects of the combination of JT003 and V14 on reduced oxidative stress, increased mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. These positive results suggested that this administration of combination of AdipoR1/2 dual agonist and inhibitor of EDPs-EBP interaction can be recommended alternatively for an effective and promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NAFLD and NASH related fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazi Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Hongjiao Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Shuohan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Suijia Luo
- Shenzhen Turier Biotech. Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Jingyao Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xianxing Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 511400, China
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Diethyldithiocarbamate inhibits the activation of hepatic stellate cells via PPARα/FABP1 in mice with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 641:192-199. [PMID: 36535078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is the main course of liver fibrosis which is positively correlated with adverse clinical outcomes in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) attenuates NASH related liver fibrosis in mice, but its underlying mechanisms remains unclear. In this study, the data showed that DDC inhibited the activation of HSCs in high fat choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet induced NASH. Double Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the baseline expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is high in HSCs in normal mouse liver and notably decreases in the NASH liver, indicating that PPARα might be associated with the activation of HSCs. While, DDC upregulated PPARα in HSCs in the NASH liver. Mixture of free fatty acid was used to induce steatosis of hepatocytes. Human HSCs (LX-2 cells) were activated after co-cultured with steatotic hepatocytes, and DDC inhibited the activation of LX-2 cells. Meanwhile, DDC upregulated PPARα and FABP1, and promoted the accumulation of LDs in LX-2 cells. PPARα small interfering RNA blocked these effect of DDC. These findings suggest that PPARα is associated with the activation of HSCs in the context of NASH. DDC improves NASH related fibrosis through inhibiting the activation of HSCs via PPARα/FABP1.
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Li X, Xing J, Wang F, Li J, Li J, Hou R, Zhang K. The mRNA Expression Profile of Psoriatic Lesion Distinct from Non-Lesion. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:2035-2043. [PMID: 36193053 PMCID: PMC9526433 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s385894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Psoriasis is a chronic recurring autoimmune skin disease with a complex etiology and chronic progression; however, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Patients and Methods We performed transcriptomic analysis to profile the mRNA expression of psoriatic lesions (PL) and non-lesion (NL) tissues from psoriasis patients along with normal skin from healthy donors. RT-qPCR was used to validate the mRNA expression profiles. Results A total of 237 differentially expressed genes were screened and identified by RNA sequencing. GO and KEGG analysis indicated that these DEGs were enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway and intermediate filament cytoskeleton. For PPAR signaling pathway, the expression of five genes, including ADIPOQ, AQP7, PLIN1, FABP4 and LPL, were all significantly decreased in psoriatic lesions compared to normal skin by RT-qPCR. There is a clear difference between psoriatic lesions and non-lesion in the expression of ADIPOQ, AQP7 and LPL. For intermediate filament cytoskeleton, including KRT27, KRT25, KRT71, KRT86 and KRT85 were significantly decreased in the psoriasis lesions, showing agreement with the RNA-seq data. Conclusion This study revealed a significant difference between the mRNA expression profiles of PL, NL tissue and normal skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxiao Xing
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030009, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangdi Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030009, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030009, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqin Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixia Hou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030009, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030009, People's Republic of China
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4
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Dhanyalayam D, Thangavel H, Lizardo K, Oswal N, Dolgov E, Perlin DS, Nagajyothi JF. Sex Differences in Cardiac Pathology of SARS-CoV2 Infected and Trypanosoma cruzi Co-infected Mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:783974. [PMID: 35369283 PMCID: PMC8965705 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.783974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; CoV2) is a deadly contagious infectious disease. For those who survive COVID-19, post-COVID cardiac damage greatly increases the risk of cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Currently, the number of COVID-related cases are increasing in Latin America, where a major COVID comorbidity is Chagas' heart disease, which is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. However, the interplay between indeterminate Chagas disease and COVID-19 is unknown. We investigated the effect of CoV2 infection on heart pathology in T. cruzi infected mice (coinfected with CoV2 during the indeterminate stage of T. cruzi infection). We used transgenic human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (huACE2/hACE2) mice infected with CoV2, T. cruzi, or coinfected with both in this study. We found that the viral load in the hearts of coinfected mice is lower compared to the hearts of mice infected with CoV2 alone. We demonstrated that CoV2 infection significantly alters cardiac immune and energy signaling via adiponectin (C-ApN) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. Our studies also showed that increased β-adrenergic receptor (b-AR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play a major role in shifting the energy balance in the hearts of coinfected female mice from glycolysis to mitochondrial β-oxidation. Our findings suggest that cardiac metabolic signaling may differently regulate the pathogenesis of Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCM) in coinfected mice. We conclude that the C-ApN/AMPK and b-AR/PPAR downstream signaling may play major roles in determining the progression, severity, and phenotype of CCM and heart failure in the context of COVID.
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Abstract
Introduction: Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are essential for physiological homeostasis of the liver extracellular matrix (ECM). Excessive transdifferentiation of HSC from a quiescent to an activated phenotype contributes to disrupt this balance and can lead to liver fibrosis. Accumulating evidence has suggested that nuclear receptors (NRs) are involved in the regulation of HSC activation, proliferation, and function. Therefore, these NRs may be therapeutic targets to balance ECM homeostasis and inhibit HSC activation in liver fibrosis.Areas covered: In this review, the authors summarized the recent progress in the understanding of the regulatory role of NRs in HSCs and their potential as drug targets in liver fibrosis.Expert opinion: NRs are still potential therapy targets for inhibiting HSCs activation and liver fibrosis. However, the development of NRs agonists or antagonists to inhibit HSCs requires fully consideration of systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Pu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongjing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanxin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Houfeng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
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6
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Tardelli M, Stulnig TM. Aquaporin regulation in metabolic organs. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 112:71-93. [PMID: 32061350 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of 13 small trans-membrane proteins, which facilitate shuttling of glycerol, water and urea. The peculiar role of AQPs in glycerol transport makes them attractive targets in metabolic organs since glycerol represents the backbone of triglyceride synthesis. Importantly, AQPs are known to be regulated by various nuclear receptors which in turn govern lipid and glucose metabolism as well as inflammatory cascades. Here, we review the role of AQPs regulation in metabolic organs exploring their physiological impact in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tardelli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Cornell Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States; Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas M Stulnig
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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7
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Francque S, Szabo G, Abdelmalek MF, Byrne CD, Cusi K, Dufour JF, Roden M, Sacks F, Tacke F. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:24-39. [PMID: 33093663 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-00366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing epidemic of obesity worldwide is linked to serious health effects, including increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is the liver manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and includes the spectrum of liver steatosis (known as nonalcoholic fatty liver) and steatohepatitis (known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis), which can evolve into progressive liver fibrosis and eventually cause cirrhosis. Although NAFLD is becoming the number one cause of chronic liver diseases, it is part of a systemic disease that affects many other parts of the body, including adipose tissue, pancreatic β-cells and the cardiovascular system. The pathomechanism of NAFLD is multifactorial across a spectrum of metabolic derangements and changes in the host microbiome that trigger low-grade inflammation in the liver and other organs. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear regulatory factors that provide fine tuning for key elements of glucose and fat metabolism and regulate inflammatory cell activation and fibrotic processes. This Review summarizes and discusses the current literature on NAFLD as the liver manifestation of the systemic metabolic syndrome and focuses on the role of PPARs in the pathomechanisms as well as in the potential targeting of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (TWI2N), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Manal F Abdelmalek
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition & Metabolism, Human Development & Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kenneth Cusi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Hepatology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Roden
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University Clinics Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frank Sacks
- Departments of Nutrition and Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division, Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the pathogenesis and therapies of liver fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 222:107791. [PMID: 33321113 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a dynamic wound-healing process associated with the deposition of extracellular matrix produced by myofibroblasts. HSCs activation, inflammation, oxidative stress, steatosis and aging play critical roles in the progression of liver fibrosis, which is correlated with the regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway. As nuclear receptors, PPARs reduce inflammatory response, regulate lipid metabolism, and inhibit fibrogenesis in the liver associated with aging. Thus, PPAR ligands have been investigated as possible therapeutic agents. Mounting evidence indicated that some PPAR agonists could reverse steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. Consequently, targeting PPARs might be a promising and novel therapeutic option against liver fibrosis. This review summarizes recent studies on the role of PPARs on the pathogenesis and treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Bruschi FV, Tardelli M, Einwallner E, Claudel T, Trauner M. PNPLA3 I148M Up-Regulates Hedgehog and Yap Signaling in Human Hepatic Stellate Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8711. [PMID: 33218077 PMCID: PMC7698885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis represents the wound healing response to sustained hepatic injury with activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The I148M variant of the PNPLA3 gene represents a risk factor for development of severe liver fibrosis. Activated HSCs carrying the I148M variant display exacerbated pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic features. We aimed to examine whether the I148M variant may impair Hedgehog and Yap signaling, as key pathways implicated in the control of energy expenditure and maintenance of myofibroblastic traits. First, we show that TGF-β rapidly up-regulated the PNPLA3 transcript and protein and Yap/Hedgehog target gene expression. In addition, HSCs overexpressing PNPLA3 I148M boosted anaerobic glycolysis, as supported by higher lactate release and decreased phosphorylation of the energy sensor AMPK. These cells displayed higher Yap and Hedgehog signaling, due to accumulation of total Yap protein, Yap promoter activity and increased downstream targets expression, compared to WT cells. HSCs exposed to TGF-β and leptin rapidly increased total Yap, together with a reduction in its inhibited form, phosphorylated Yap. In line, Yap-specific inhibitor Verteporfin strongly abolished Yap-mediated genes expression, at baseline as well as after TGF-β and leptin treatments in HSCs with I148M PNPLA3. Finally, Yap transcriptional activity was strongly reduced by a combination of Verteporfin and Rosiglitazone, a PPARγ synthetic agonist. In conclusion, HSCs carrying the PNPLA3 variant show activated Yap/Hedgehog pathways, resulting in altered anaerobic glycolysis and enhanced synthesis of Hedgehog markers and sustained Yap signaling. TGF-β and leptin exacerbate Yap/Hedgehog-related fibrogenic genes expression, while Yap inhibitors and PPARγ agonists abrogate these effects in PNPLA3 I148M carrying HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Virginia Bruschi
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.V.B.); (M.T.); (T.C.)
| | - Matteo Tardelli
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.V.B.); (M.T.); (T.C.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Cornell Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Elisa Einwallner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center of Translational Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Thierry Claudel
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.V.B.); (M.T.); (T.C.)
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.V.B.); (M.T.); (T.C.)
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10
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Zhang C, Li Y, Wang J, Liu C, Chen Y. Association between levels of aquaporin 3 in the placenta and adiponectin in the umbilical cord blood with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy outcome. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1498-1506. [PMID: 32627013 PMCID: PMC7339817 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may have adverse pregnancy outcomes, even if their blood glucose level is well-controlled. Aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and adiponectin (APN) serve important roles in fetal growth and development. However, the associations of AQP3 and APN with GDM and pregnancy outcome are not known. Therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate the expression of AQP3 in the placenta and APN in the umbilical artery blood, and the association of the two factors with GDM and pregnancy outcome. The patient cohort was divided into two groups: Pregnant women with GDM; and pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). The expression levels of AQP3 in the placenta and APN in the umbilical artery blood were detected. Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations of AQP3 and APN with GDM and pregnancy outcome. The expression levels of AQP3 and AQP3 mRNA in the placenta of the GDM group were decreased compared with that of the NGT group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression of APN in the umbilical artery blood of the GDM group was also decreased compared with that of the NGT group, and the difference was also statistically significant (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that the AQP3 and APN levels were negatively correlated not only with the risk of developing GDM [AQP3 odds ratio (OR)=5.00 (P<0.01); APN OR=2.98 (P=0.01)], but also with abnormal pregnancy outcome [(AQP3 OR=4.64 (P<0.01); APN OR=5.41 (P<0.01)]. The levels of AQP3 in the placenta and APN in the umbilical cord blood were associated with GDM, and the risk of GDM was increased in pregnant women with decreased AQP3 and APN levels. The AQP3 and APN levels also had an effect on pregnancy outcome. The risk of abnormal pregnancy outcomes, including cesarean section, macrosomia, fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia, was increased in pregnant women with decreased AQP3 and APN levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
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Bruschi FV, Tardelli M, Herac M, Claudel T, Trauner M. Metabolic regulation of hepatic PNPLA3 expression and severity of liver fibrosis in patients with NASH. Liver Int 2020; 40:1098-1110. [PMID: 32043752 PMCID: PMC7318357 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The genetic PNPLA3 polymorphism I148M has been extensively associated with higher risk for development and progression of NAFLD towards NASH. METHODS PNPLA3 and α-SMA expression were quantified in liver biopsies collected from NASH patients (n = 26) with different fibrosis stages and PNPLA3 genotypes. To study the potential mechanisms driving PNPLA3 expression during NASH progression towards fibrosis, hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were cultivated in low and high glucose medium. Moreover, hepatocytes were treated with increasing concentrations of palmitic acid alone or in combination with glucose. Conditioned media were collected from challenged hepatocytes to stimulate HSCs. RESULTS Tissue expression of PNPLA3 was significantly enhanced in biopsies of patients carrying the I148M polymorphism compared to wild type (WT). In NASH biopsies, PNPLA3 significantly correlated with fibrosis stage and α-SMA levels independently of PNPLA3 genotype. In line, PNPLA3 expression was higher in α-SMA positive cells. Low glucose increased PNPLA3 in HSCs, whereas high glucose induced PNPLA3 and de-novo lipogenesis-related genes expression in hepatocytes. Palmitic acid induced fat accumulation and cell stress markers in hepatocytes, which could be counteracted by oleic acid. Conditioned media collected from lipotoxic challenged hepatocytes markedly induced PNPLA3 mRNA and protein levels, fibrogenic and autophagic markers and promoted migration in HSCs. Notably, conditioned media collected from hepatocytes cultivated with both glucose and palmitic acid exacerbated HSCs migration, PNPLA3 and fibrogenic gene expression, promoting release of cytokines from HSCs. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our observations uncover the diverse metabolic regulation of PNPLA3 among different hepatic cell populations and support its relation to fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca V. Bruschi
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyInternal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Matteo Tardelli
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyInternal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyJoan and Sanford I. Weill Cornell Department of MedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Merima Herac
- Clinical Institute of PathologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Thierry Claudel
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyInternal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyInternal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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12
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Wang X, Yang J, Yao Y, Shi X, Yang G, Li X. AQP3 Facilitates Proliferation and Adipogenic Differentiation of Porcine Intramuscular Adipocytes. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040453. [PMID: 32331274 PMCID: PMC7230797 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The meat quality of animal products is closely related to the intramuscular fat content. Aquaglyceroporin (AQP) defines a class of water/glycerol channels that primarily facilitate the passive transport of glycerol and water across biological membranes. In this study, the AQP3 protein of the AQP family was mainly studied in the adipogenic function of intramuscular adipocytes in pigs. Here, we found that AQP3 was increased at both mRNA and protein levels upon adipogenic stimuli in porcine intramuscular adipocytes in vitro. Western blot results showed knockdown of AQP3 by siRNA significantly suppressed the expression of adipogenic genes (PPARγ, aP2, etc.), repressed Akt phosphorylation, as well as reducing lipid accumulation. Furthermore, deletion of AQP3 by siRNA significantly downregulated expression of cell cycle genes (cyclin D, E), and decreased the number of EdU-positive cells as well as cell viability. Collectively, our data indicate that AQP3 is of great importance in both adipogenic differentiation and proliferation in intramuscular adipocytes, providing a potential target for modulating fat infiltration in skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiao Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-29-870-81531
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Karri K, Waxman DJ. Widespread Dysregulation of Long Noncoding Genes Associated With Fatty Acid Metabolism, Cell Division, and Immune Response Gene Networks in Xenobiotic-exposed Rat Liver. Toxicol Sci 2020; 174:291-310. [PMID: 31926019 PMCID: PMC7098378 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenobiotic exposure dysregulates hundreds of protein-coding genes in mammalian liver, impacting many physiological processes and inducing diverse toxicological responses. Little is known about xenobiotic effects on long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), many of which have important regulatory functions. Here, we present a computational framework to discover liver-expressed, xenobiotic-responsive lncRNAs (xeno-lncs) with strong functional, gene regulatory potential and elucidate the impact of xenobiotic exposure on their gene regulatory networks. We assembled the long noncoding transcriptome of xenobiotic-exposed rat liver using RNA-seq datasets from male rats treated with 27 individual chemicals, representing 7 mechanisms of action (MOAs). Ortholog analysis was combined with coexpression data and causal inference methods to infer lncRNA function and deduce gene regulatory networks, including causal effects of lncRNAs on protein-coding gene expression and biological pathways. We discovered > 1400 liver-expressed xeno-lncs, many with human and/or mouse orthologs. Xenobiotics representing different MOAs often regulated common xeno-lnc targets: 123 xeno-lncs were dysregulated by ≥ 10 chemicals, and 5 xeno-lncs responded to ≥ 20 of the 27 chemicals investigated; 81 other xeno-lncs served as MOA-selective markers of xenobiotic exposure. Xeno-lnc-protein-coding gene coexpression regulatory network analysis identified xeno-lncs closely associated with exposure-induced perturbations of hepatic fatty acid metabolism, cell division, or immune response pathways, and with apoptosis or cirrhosis. We also identified hub and bottleneck lncRNAs, which are expected to be key regulators of gene expression. This work elucidates extensive networks of xeno-lnc-protein-coding gene interactions and provides a framework for understanding the widespread transcriptome-altering actions of foreign chemicals in a key-responsive mammalian tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Karri
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J Waxman
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Tardelli M, Bruschi FV, Claudel T, Fuchs CD, Auer N, Kunczer V, Stojakovic T, Scharnagl H, Habib A, Grabner GF, Zimmermann R, Lotersztajn S, Trauner M. Lack of monoacylglycerol lipase prevents hepatic steatosis by favoring lipid storage in adipose tissue and intestinal malabsorption. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1284-1292. [PMID: 31048404 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m093369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of monoacylglycerols. To examine the role of MGL in hepatic steatosis, WT and MGL KO (MGL-/-) mice were challenged with a Western diet (WD) over 12 weeks. Lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis were assessed by serum biochemistry, histology, and gene-expression profiling of liver and adipose depots. Intestinal fat absorption was measured by gas chromatography. Primary adipocyte and 3T3-L1 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and Western blot. Human hepatocytes were treated with MGL inhibitor JZL184. The absence of MGL protected mice from hepatic steatosis by repressing key lipogenic enzymes in liver (Srebp1c, Pparγ2, and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1), while promoting FA oxidation. Liver inflammation was diminished in MGL-/- mice fed a WD, as evidenced by diminished epidermal growth factor-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 1 (F4/80) staining and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 gene expression, whereas fibrosis remained unchanged. Absence of MGL promoted fat storage in gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) with increased lipogenesis and unchanged lipolysis, diminished inflammation in gWAT, and subcutaneous AT. Intestinal fat malabsorption prevented ectopic lipid accumulation in livers of MGL-/- mice fed a WD. In vitro experiments demonstrated increased adipocyte size/lipid content driven by PPARγ. In conclusion, our data uncover that MGL deletion improves some aspects of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by promoting lipid storage in gWAT and fat malabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tardelli
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francesca V Bruschi
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Claudel
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia D Fuchs
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Auer
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Kunczer
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics University Hospital Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Aida Habib
- INSERM-UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Gernot F Grabner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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15
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Kumar P, Raeman R, Chopyk DM, Smith T, Verma K, Liu Y, Anania FA. Adiponectin inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation by targeting the PTEN/AKT pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3537-3545. [PMID: 30293572 PMCID: PMC6529190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin inhibits hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and subsequent development of liver fibrosis via multiple mechanisms. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deletion 10 (PTEN) plays a crucial role in suppression of HSC activation, but its regulation by adiponectin is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effect of adiponectin on PTEN in LX-2 cells, a human cell line and examined the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in adiponectin-mediated upregulation of PTEN activity during fibrosis. PTEN expression was found to be significantly reduced in the livers of mice treated with CCl4, whereas its expression was rescued by adiponectin treatment. The DNA methylation proteins DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B are all highly expressed in activated primary HSCs compared to quiescent HSCs, and thus represent additional regulatory targets during liver fibrogenesis. Expression of DNMT proteins was significantly induced in the presence of fibrotic stimuli; however, only DNMT3B expression was reduced in the presence of adiponectin. Adiponectin-induced suppression of DNMT3B was found to be mediated by enhanced miR-29b expression. Furthermore, PTEN expression was significantly increased by overexpression of miR-29b, whereas its expression was markedly reduced by a miR-29b inhibitor in LX-2 cells. These findings suggest that adiponectin-induced upregulation of miR-29b can suppress DNMT3B transcription in LX-2 cells, thus resulting in reduced methylation of PTEN CpG islands and ultimately suppressing the PI3K/AKT pathway. Together, these data suggest a possible new explanation for the inhibitory effect of adiponectin on HSC activation and liver fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Reben Raeman
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel M Chopyk
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tekla Smith
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kiran Verma
- Labratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yunshan Liu
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Frank A Anania
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Tardelli M, Claudel T, Bruschi FV, Trauner M. Nuclear Receptor Regulation of Aquaglyceroporins in Metabolic Organs. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1777. [PMID: 29914059 PMCID: PMC6032257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors, such as the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma and alpha (PPAR-γ, -α), are major metabolic regulators in adipose tissue and the liver, where they govern lipid, glucose, and bile acid homeostasis, as well as inflammatory cascades. Glycerol and free fatty acids are the end products of lipid droplet catabolism driven by PPARs. Aquaporins (AQPs), a family of 13 small transmembrane proteins, facilitate the shuttling of water, urea, and/or glycerol. The peculiar role of AQPs in glycerol transport makes them pivotal targets in lipid metabolism, especially considering their tissue-specific regulation by the nuclear receptors PPARγ and PPARα. Here, we review the role of nuclear receptors in the regulation of glycerol shuttling in liver and adipose tissue through the function and expression of AQPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tardelli
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thierry Claudel
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Francesca Virginia Bruschi
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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AQP3 is regulated by PPARγ and JNK in hepatic stellate cells carrying PNPLA3 I148M. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14661. [PMID: 29116096 PMCID: PMC5676689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaglyceroporins (AQPs) allow the movement of glycerol that is required for triglyceride formation in hepatic stellate cells (HSC), as key cellular source of fibrogenesis in the liver. The genetic polymorphism I148M of the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) is associated with hepatic steatosis and its progression to steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cancer. We aimed to explore the role of AQP3 for HSC activation and unveil its potential interactions with PNPLA3. HSC were isolated from human liver, experiments were performed in primary HSC and human HSC line LX2. AQP3 was the only aquaglyceroporin present in HSC and its expression decreased during activation. The PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone, recovered AQP3 expression also in PNPLA3 I148M carrying HSC. When PNPLA3 was silenced, AQP3 expression increased. In liver sections from patients with NASH, the decreased amount of AQP3 was proportional to the severity of fibrosis and presence of the PNPLA3 I148M variant. In PNPLA3 I148M cells, the blockade of JNK pathway upregulated AQP3 in synergism with PPARγ. In conclusion, we demonstrated profound reduction of AQP3 in HSC carrying the PNPLA3 I148M variant in parallel to decreased PPARγ activation, which could be rescued by rosiglitazone and blockade of JNK.
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