1
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Yoshikawa M, Senda M, Nakamura H, Oda-Ueda N, Ueda T, Senda T, Ohkuri T. Stabilization of adalimumab Fab through the introduction of disulfide bonds between the variable and constant domains. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 700:149592. [PMID: 38295648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Fab is a promising format for antibody drug. Therefore, efforts have been made to improve its thermal stability for therapeutic and commercial use. So far, we have attempted to introduce a disulfide bond into the Fab fragment to improve its thermal stability and demonstrated that it is possible to do this without sacrificing its biochemical function. In this study, to develop a novel stabilization strategy for Fab, we attempted to introduce a disulfide bond between the variable and constant domains and prepared three variants of Fab; H:G10C + H:P210C, L:P40C + L:E165C, and H:G10C + H:P210C + L:P40C + L:E165C. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements showed that each of these variants had improved thermal stability. In addition, the variants with two disulfide bonds demonstrated a 6.5 °C increase in their denaturation temperatures compared to wild-type Fab. The introduction of disulfide bonds was confirmed by X-ray crystallography, and the variants retained their antigen-binding activity. The variants were also found to be less aggregative than the wild type. Our results demonstrate that the introduction of a disulfide bond between the variable and constant domains significantly improves the thermal stability of Fab.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miki Senda
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Japan
| | | | - Naoko Oda-Ueda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Toshiya Senda
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Japan; Department of Accelerator Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science, SOKENDAI, Japan; Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
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2
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Nguyen TTK, Pham KY, Yook S. Engineered therapeutic proteins for sustained-release drug delivery systems. Acta Biomater 2023; 171:131-154. [PMID: 37717712 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Proteins play a vital role in diverse biological processes in the human body, and protein therapeutics have been applied to treat different diseases such as cancers, genetic disorders, autoimmunity, and inflammation. Protein therapeutics have demonstrated their advantages, such as specific pharmaceutical effects, low toxicity, and strong solubility. However, several disadvantages arise in clinical applications, including short half-life, immunogenicity, and low permeation, leading to reduced drug effectiveness. The structure of protein therapeutics can be modified to increase molecular size, leading to prolonged stability and increased plasma half-life. Notably, the controlled-release delivery systems for the sustained release of protein drugs and preserving the stability of cargo proteins are envisioned as a potential approach to overcome these challenges. In this review, we summarize recent research progress related to structural modifications (PEGylation, glycosylation, poly amino acid modification, and molecular biology-based strategies) and promising long-term delivery systems, such as polymer-based systems (injectable gel/implants, microparticles, nanoparticles, micro/nanogels, functional polymers), lipid-based systems (liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers), and inorganic nanoparticles exploited for protein therapeutics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this review, we highlight recent advances concerning modifying proteins directly to enhance their stability and functionality and discuss state-of-the-art methods for the delivery and controlled long-term release of active protein therapeutics to their target site. In terms of drug modifications, four widely used strategies, including PEGylation, poly amino acid modification, glycosylation, and genetic, are discussed. As for drug delivery systems, we emphasize recent progress relating to polymer-based systems, lipid-based systems developed, and inorganic nanoparticles for protein sustained-release delivery. This review points out the areas requiring focused research attention before the full potential of protein therapeutics for human health and disease can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoa Thi Kim Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Khang-Yen Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
| | - Simmyung Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Yoshikawa M, Nakamura H, Oda-Ueda N, Ohkuri T. Analysis of thermostability for seven Phe to Ala and six Pro to Gly mutants in the Fab constant region of adalimumab. J Biochem 2023; 174:345-353. [PMID: 37390406 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify amino acids that play important roles in the structural stability of Fab, seven phenylalanine residues in the Fab constant region of the therapeutic antibody adalimumab were subjected to alanine mutagenesis. Six Fab mutants, H:F130A, H:F154A, H:F174A, L:F118A, L:F139A and L:F209A, showed decreased thermostability compared with wild-type Fab. In contrast, the Tm for the L:F116A mutant was 1.7°C higher than that of wild-type Fab, indicating that the F116 residue was unfavorable for Fab thermostability. Six proline mutants, H:P131G, H:P155G, H:P175G, L:P119G, L:P120G and L:P141G, were also prepared to investigate the effect of proline residues adjacent to mutated phenylalanine residues. The thermostability of the H:P155G and L:P141G mutants in particular was significantly reduced, with decreases in Tm of 5.0 and 3.0°C, respectively, compared with wild-type Fab. The H:P155 and L:P141 residues have a cis conformation, whereas the other mutated proline residues have a trans conformation. H:P155 and L:P141 had stacking interactions with the H:F154 and L:Y140, respectively, at the interface between the variable and constant regions. It is suggested that the interactions of the aromatic ring with a cis-form proline at the interface between the variable and constant regions is important for stability of Fab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeka Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Naoko Oda-Ueda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Ohkuri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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4
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Yoshikawa M, Nakamura H, Oda-Ueda N, Ueda T, Ohkuri T. Effect of an intermolecular disulfide bond introduced into the first loop of CH1 domain of Adalimumab Fab on thermal stability and antigen-binding activity. J Biochem 2022; 172:49-56. [PMID: 35476872 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of intermolecular disulfide bonds by amino acid mutations is an effective method for stabilizing dimeric proteins. X-ray crystal structure of Fab of a therapeutic antibody, adalimumab, revealed the first loop of the CH1 domain to be partially unsolved at position 135-141. To find new sites for the introduction of intermolecular disulfide bonds in adalimumab Fab, Fab mutants targeting the unsolved region were predicted using molecular simulation software. Four Fab mutants, H:K137C-L:I117C, H:K137C-L:F209C, H:S138C-L:F116C, and H:S140C-L:S114C, were expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. SDS-PAGE analysis of these mutants indicated that H:K137C-L:F209C, H:S138C-L:F116C, and H:S140C-L:S114C mutants mostly formed intermolecular disulfide bonds, whereas some H:K137C-L:I117C mutants formed intermolecular disulfide bonds and some did not. DSC measurements showed increased thermal stability in all Fab mutants with engineered disulfide bonds. The bio-layer interferometry measurements, for binding of the antigen tumor necrotic factor α, indicated that Fab mutants had less antigen-binding activity than wild-type Fab. In particular, the KD value of H:K137C-L:F209C was approximately 17-times higher than that of wild-type Fab. Thus, we successfully introduced intermolecular disulfide bonds between the first loop region of the CH1 and CL domains and observed that it increases the thermostability of Fab and affects the antigen-binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tadashi Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
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5
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Geddie ML, Kirpotin DB, Kohli N, Kornaga T, Boll B, Razlog M, Drummond DC, Lugovskoy AA. Development of disulfide-stabilized Fabs for targeting of antibody-directed nanotherapeutics. MAbs 2022; 14:2083466. [PMID: 35708974 PMCID: PMC9225506 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2083466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-directed nanotherapeutics (ADNs) represent a promising delivery platform for selective delivery of an encapsulated drug payload to the site of disease that improves the therapeutic index. Although both single-chain Fv (scFv) and Fab antibody fragments have been used for targeting, no platform approach applicable to any target has emerged. scFv can suffer from intrinsic instability, and the Fabs are challenging to use due to native disulfide over-reduction and resulting impurities at the end of the conjugation process. This occurs because of the close proximity of the disulfide bond connecting the heavy and light chain to the free cysteine at the C-terminus, which is commonly used as the conjugation site. Here we show that by engineering an alternative heavy chain-light chain disulfide within the Fab, we can maintain efficient conjugation while eliminating the process impurities and retaining stability. We have demonstrated the utility of this technology for efficient ADN delivery and internalization for a series of targets, including EphA2, EGFR, and ErbB2. We expect that this technology will be broadly applicable for targeting of nanoparticle encapsulated payloads, including DNA, mRNA, and small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Geddie
- Discovery, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Research & Development, Diagonal Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dmitri B Kirpotin
- Discovery, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Research & Development, Akagera Medicines, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Neeraj Kohli
- Discovery, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tad Kornaga
- Discovery, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bjoern Boll
- Discovery, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Drug Product Design, ten23 Health, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maja Razlog
- Discovery, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Research, Verseau Therapeutics, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daryl C Drummond
- Discovery, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Research & Development, Akagera Medicines, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexey A Lugovskoy
- Discovery, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Research & Development, Diagonal Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Chen H, Chen JS, Paerhati P, Jakos T, Bai SY, Zhu JW, Yuan YS. Strategies and Applications of Antigen-Binding Fragment (Fab) Production in Escherichia coli. PHARMACEUTICAL FRONTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWith the advancement of genetic engineering, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have made far-reaching progress in the treatment of various human diseases. However, due to the high cost of production, the increasing demands for antibody-based therapies have not been fully met. Currently, mAb-derived alternatives, such as antigen-binding fragments (Fab), single-chain variable fragments, bispecifics, nanobodies, and conjugated mAbs have emerged as promising new therapeutic modalities. They can be readily prepared in bacterial systems with well-established fermentation technology and ease of manipulation, leading to the reduction of overall cost. This review aims to shed light on the strategies to improve the expression, purification, and yield of Fab fragments in Escherichia coli expression systems, as well as current advances in the applications of Fab fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Sheng Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pameila Paerhati
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tanja Jakos
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yi Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Wei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Sheng Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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7
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Nakamura H, Kiyoshi M, Anraku M, Hashii N, Oda-Ueda N, Ueda T, Ohkuri T. Glycosylation decreases aggregation and immunogenicity of adalimumab Fab secreted from Pichia pastoris. J Biochem 2021; 169:435-443. [PMID: 33107910 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoengineering of therapeutic proteins has been applied to improve the clinical efficacy of several therapeutics. Here, we examined the effect of glycosylation on the properties of the Fab of the therapeutic antibody, adalimumab. An N-glycosylation site was introduced at position 178 of the H chain constant region of adalimumab Fab through site-directed mutagenesis (H:L178N Fab), and the H:L178N Fab was produced in Pichia pastoris. Expressed mutant Fab contained long and short glycan chains (L-glyco Fab and S-glyco Fab, respectively). Under the condition of aggregation of Fab upon pH shift-induced stress, both of L-glyco Fab and S-glyco Fab were less prone to aggregation, with L-glyco Fab suppressing aggregation more effectively than the S-glyco Fab. Moreover, the comparison of the antigenicity of glycosylated and wild-type Fabs in mice revealed that glycosylation resulted in the suppression of antigenicity. Analysis of the pharmacokinetic behaviour of the Fab, L-glyco Fab and S-glyco Fab indicated that the half-lives of glycosylated Fabs in the rats were shorter than that of wild-type Fab, with L-glyco Fab having a shorter half-life than S-glyco Fab. Thus, we demonstrated that the glycan chain influences Fab aggregation and immunogenicity, and glycosylation reduces the elimination half-life in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Masato Kiyoshi
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Makoto Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Noritaka Hashii
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Naoko Oda-Ueda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ueda
- Department of Protein Structure, Function and Design, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Ohkuri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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8
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Yu L, Huang N, Ge L, Sun H, Fu Y, Liu C, Wang J. Structural design of tetravalent T-cell engaging bispecific antibodies: improve developability by engineering disulfide bonds. J Biol Eng 2021; 15:18. [PMID: 34187511 PMCID: PMC8243740 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-021-00272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the advances in protein engineering and manufacture, over the last 30 years, antibody-based immunotherapeutic has become a powerful strategy to treat diseases. The T-cell engaging bispecific antibody (BsAb) by combining the Fab binding domain of tumor antigens and Fab or single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) binding domain of CD3 molecules, could redirect cytotoxic T cells to kill tumor cells. The IgG-scFv format of BsAb is a dual bivalent and asymmetrical design, which adds the benefit of potent cytotoxicity and less complicated for manufacture but limits the stability and production. Here, we engineered a series of interchain disulfide bonds in the Fab region of IgG-svFv BsAbs and evaluated its biophysical and biological properties. We found that simultaneously replaced the position of VH44-VL100 and CH1126-CL121 residues with cysteine, to form two additional disulfide bonds, could markedly increase monomeric BsAb formation and yield. The thermostability and stability against aggregation and degradation also performed better than BsAbs without extra disulfide bonds introduction. Besides, the affinity of engineered BsAbs was maintained, and the h8B-BsAb antibody had a slight enhancement in an inhibitory effect on target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, 400044, Chongqing, China
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, 400044, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, 402460, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center for Medical Animal Resources Development and Application, 402460, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, 402460, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center for Medical Animal Resources Development and Application, 402460, Chongqing, China
| | - Heng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, 400044, Chongqing, China
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, 400044, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuna Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, 400044, Chongqing, China
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, 400044, Chongqing, China
| | - Chundong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, 400044, Chongqing, China.
- Qiuzhen College, Huzhou University, No.1 Xueshi Road, Wuxing District, 313000, Huzhou, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, 400044, Chongqing, China.
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, 400044, Chongqing, China.
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9
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A comprehensive analysis of novel disulfide bond introduction site into the constant domain of human Fab. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12937. [PMID: 34155225 PMCID: PMC8217492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, intermolecular disulfide bond contribute to the conformational protein stability. To identify sites where intermolecular disulfide bond can be introduced into the Fab’s constant domain of the therapeutic IgG, Fab mutants were predicted using the MOE software, a molecular simulator, and expressed in Pichia pastoris. SDS-PAGE analysis of the prepared Fab mutants from P. pastoris indicated that among the nine analyzed Fab mutants, the F130C(H):Q124C(L), F174C(H):S176C(L), V177C(H):Q160C(L), F174C(H):S162C(L), F130C(H):S121C(L), and A145C(H):F116C(L) mutants mostly formed intermolecular disulfide bond. All these mutants showed increased thermal stability compared to that of Fab without intermolecular disulfide bond. In the other mutants, the intermolecular disulfide bond could not be completely formed, and the L132C(H):F118C(L) mutant showed only a slight decrease in binding activity and β-helix content, owing to the exertion of adverse intermolecular disulfide bond effects. Thus, our comprehensive analysis reveals that the introduction of intermolecular disulfide bond in the Fab’s constant domain is possible at various locations. These findings provide important insights for accomplishing human Fab stabilization.
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10
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Towards a new avenue for producing therapeutic proteins: Microalgae as a tempting green biofactory. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Nakamura H, Anraku M, Oda-Ueda N, Ueda T, Ohkuri T. C-Terminal Cysteine PEGylation of Adalimumab Fab with an Engineered Interchain SS Bond. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:418-423. [PMID: 31866612 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is performed to increase serum half-life of the Fab for clinical applications. However, current designs for recombinant Fab only allow PEGylation at the interchain SS bond (disulfide bond) at the C-terminal end of the heavy chain and light chain of the Fab, which the decrease of thermostability occurred by partial reduction of the interchain SS bond. An adalimumab Fab mutant with a novel interchain SS bond (CH1 : C177-CL : C160) and one cysteine at the C-terminal end (mutSS FabSH) was designed to maintain Fab thermostability and for site-specific PEGylation. MutSS FabSH was expressed in Pichia pastoris and purified mutSS FabSH was conjugated with 20-kDa PEG targeted at the free cysteine. Based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), PEGylation did not affect the binding capacity of the mutSS FabSH. To confirm the influence of PEGylation on the pharmacokinetic behavior of the Fab, PEGylated mutSS FabSH was administered to rats via tail vein injection. Analysis of the mean serum concentration of the PEGylated mutSS FabSH versus time through ELISA indicated an increase in half-life compared to that of non-PEGylated wild-type Fab. Consequently, we have successfully demonstrated that a Fab mutant with a novel interchain SS bond and one free cysteine at the C-terminal end can be PEGylated without changes in functionality. This design can potentially be used as a platform for modification of other recombinant Fabs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tadashi Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
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12
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Cai L, Zhang M, Shao T, He Y, Li J, Ren B, Zhou C. Effect of introducing disulfide bridges in C-terminal structure on the thermostability of xylanase XynZF-2 from Aspergillus niger. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2019; 65:240-245. [PMID: 30905899 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a mutant xylanase of high thermostability was obtained by site-directed mutagenesis. The homologous 3D structure of xylanase was successfully modeled and the mutation sites were predicted using bioinformatics software. Two amino acids of XynZF-2 were respectively substituted by cysteines (T205C and A52C) and a disulfide bridge was introduced into the C-terminal of XynZF-2. The mutant gene xynZFTA was cloned into pPIC9K and expressed in P. pastoris. The optimum temperature of the variant XynZFTA was improved from 45°C to 60°C, and XynZFTA retained greater than 90.0% activity (XynZF-2 retained only 50.0% activity) after treatment at 50°C for 5 min. The optimum pH of mutant xylanase was similar to XynZF-2 (pH = 5.0). The pH stability span (5.0~7.0) of the mutant xylanase was increased to 3.0~9.0. Overall, the results implied that the introduction of a disulfide bridge in the C-terminal structure improved the thermostability and pH stability of XynZF-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liutengzi Cai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University.,Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province
| | - Mishuai Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University.,Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province
| | - Tianci Shao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University.,Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province
| | - You He
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University.,Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province
| | - Jingyi Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University.,Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province
| | - Bingjie Ren
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University.,Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province
| | - Chenyan Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University.,Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province
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13
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Simultaneous Enhancement of Thermostability and Catalytic Activity of a Metagenome-Derived β-Glucosidase Using Directed Evolution for the Biosynthesis of Butyl Glucoside. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246224. [PMID: 31835569 PMCID: PMC6940790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyl glucoside synthesis using bioenzymatic methods at high temperatures has gained increasing interest. Protein engineering using directed evolution of a metagenome-derived β-glucosidase of Bgl1D was performed to identify enzymes with improved activity and thermostability. An interesting mutant Bgl1D187 protein containing five amino acid substitutions (S28T, Y37H, D44E, R91G, and L115N), showed catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km of 561.72 mM−1 s−1) toward ρ-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (ρNPG) that increased by 23-fold, half-life of inactivation by 10-fold, and further retained transglycosidation activity at 50 °C as compared with the wild-type Bgl1D protein. Site-directed mutagenesis also revealed that Asp44 residue was essential to β-glucosidase activity of Bgl1D. This study improved our understanding of the key amino acids of the novel β-glucosidases and presented a raw material with enhanced catalytic activity and thermostability for the synthesis of butyl glucosides.
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Nakamura H, Oda-Ueda N, Ueda T, Ohkuri T. Introduction of a glycosylation site in the constant region decreases the aggregation of adalimumab Fab. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:752-756. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sivelle C, Sierocki R, Ferreira-Pinto K, Simon S, Maillere B, Nozach H. Fab is the most efficient format to express functional antibodies by yeast surface display. MAbs 2018; 10:720-729. [PMID: 29708852 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1468952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple formats are available for engineering of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by yeast surface display, but they do not all lead to efficient expression of functional molecules. We therefore expressed four anti-tumor necrosis factor and two anti-IpaD mAbs as single-chain variable fragment (scFv), antigen-binding fragment (Fab) or single-chain Fabs and compared their expression levels and antigen-binding efficiency. Although the scFv and scFab formats are widely used in the literature, 2 of 6 antibodies were either not or weakly expressed. In contrast, all 6 antibodies expressed as Fab revealed strong binding and high affinity, comparable to that of the soluble form. We also demonstrated that the variations in expression did not affect Fab functionality and were due to variations in light chain display and not to misfolded dimers. Our results suggest that Fab is the most versatile format for the engineering of mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline Sivelle
- a Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , Gif/Yvette , France
| | - Raphaël Sierocki
- a Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , Gif/Yvette , France
| | - Kelly Ferreira-Pinto
- a Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , Gif/Yvette , France
| | - Stéphanie Simon
- b Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches en Immunoanalyse, Université Paris-Saclay , Gif/Yvette , France
| | - Bernard Maillere
- a Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , Gif/Yvette , France
| | - Hervé Nozach
- a Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , Gif/Yvette , France
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Khalili H, Brocchini S, Khaw PT, Filippov SK. Comparative thermodynamic analysis in solution of a next generation antibody mimetic to VEGF. RSC Adv 2018; 8:35787-35793. [PMID: 35547916 PMCID: PMC9088213 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07059h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An antibody mimetic known as Fab–PEG–Fab (FpF) is a stable bivalent molecule that may have some potential therapeutic advantages over IgG antibodies due to differences in their binding kinetics as determined by surface plasmon resonance. Here we describe the thermodynamic binding properties to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of the FpF antibody mimetics derived from bevacizumab and ranibizumab. Bevacizumab is an IgG antibody and ranibizumab is an antibody fragment (Fab). Both are used clinically to target VEGF to inhibit angiogenesis. FpFbeva displayed comparable binding affinity (KD) and binding thermodynamics (ΔH = −25.7 kcal mole−1 and ΔS = 14 kcal mole−1) to bevacizumab (ΔH = −25 kcal mole−1, ΔS = 13.3 kcal mole−1). FpFrani interactions with VEGF were characterised by large favourable enthalpy (ΔH = −42 kcal mole−1) and unfavourable entropy (ΔS = 31 kcal mole−1) changes compared to ranibizumab (ΔH = −18.5 kcal mole−1 and ΔS = 6.7 kcal mole−1), which being a Fab, is mono-valent. A large negative entropy change resulting in binding of bivalent FpF to homodimer VEGF might be due to the conformational change of the flexible regions of the FpF upon ligand binding. Mono-valent Fab (i.e. ranibizumab or the Fab derived from bevacizumab) displayed a larger degree of freedom (smaller unfavourable entropy) upon binding to homodimer VEGF. Our report describes the first comprehensive enthalpy and entropy compensation analysis for FpF antibody mimetics. While the FpFs displayed similar thermodynamics and binding affinity to the full IgG (i.e. bevacizumab), their enhanced protein stability, slower dissociation rate and lack of Fc effector functions could make FpF a potential next-generation therapy for local tissue-targeted indications. ITC illustrated similar binding thermodynamics for anti-VEGF IgG and FpFs. Bivalent FpFrani displayed larger enthalpy and entropy than monovalent ranibizumab.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Khalili
- UEL School of Health
- Sport and Bioscience
- London
- UK
- UCL School of Pharmacy
| | - Steve Brocchini
- UCL School of Pharmacy
- London
- UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology
| | - Peng Tee Khaw
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology
- London
- UK
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