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Sun JL, Kim YJ, Cho W, Lim DS, Gwon HJ, Abd El-Aty AM, Nas MA, Jeong JH, Jung TW. Interleukin 38 improves insulin resistance in hyperlipidemic skeletal muscle cells via PPARδ/SIRT1-mediated suppression of STAT3 signaling and oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 722:150158. [PMID: 38795455 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin-38 (IL-38), a recently discovered member of the IL-1 family, has been shown to regulate inflammation and improve hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid metabolism in individuals with obesity. However, its impact on insulin signaling in skeletal muscle cells and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In vitro obesity models were established using palmitate treatment, and Western blot analysis was performed to assess target proteins. Commercial kits were used to measure glucose uptake in cultured myocytes. Our study showed that IL-38 treatment alleviated the impairment of insulin signaling, including IRS-1 and Akt phosphorylation, and increased glucose uptake in palmitate-treated C2C12 myocytes. Increased levels of STAT3-mediated signaling and oxidative stress were observed in these cells following palmitate treatment, and these effects were reversed by IL-38 treatment. In addition, IL-38 treatment upregulated the expression of PPARδ, SIRT1 and antioxidants. Knockdown of PPARδ or SIRT1 using appropriate siRNAs abrogated the effects of IL-38 on insulin signaling, oxidative stress, and the STAT3-dependent pathway. These results suggest that IL-38 alleviates insulin resistance by inhibiting STAT3-mediated signaling and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle cells through PPARδ/SIRT1. This study provides fundamental evidence to support the potential use of IL-38 as a safe therapeutic agent for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaw Long Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Su Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Gwon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211-Giza, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Akif Nas
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Park SS, Cho W, Lim DS, Gwon HJ, Choi SW, Abd El-Aty AM, Aydemir HA, Jeong JH, Jung TW. AMPK/autophagy-mediated alleviation of tendinopathy by IL-38: A novel strategy for the treatment of obesity-related tendinopathy. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102392. [PMID: 38643674 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The effect of interleukin-38 (IL-38), a recently identified member of the IL-1 family with potential applications in various inflammation-related conditions, on ER stress has not been explored. Furthermore, its role in obesity-associated tendinopathy has not been investigated. In this study, human primary tenocytes were treated with palmitate (200 or 400 μM) and palmitate plus IL-38 (0-50 ng/mL) for 24 h. Western blotting was used to assess ER stress and tendinopathogenic markers in tenocytes. Monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining was used to evaluate autophagosomes. Apoptosis was determined by cell viability assays, caspase 3 activity assays and TUNEL assays. Cell migration was evaluated by a cell scratch assay. Small interfering (si) RNA transfection was used for target gene silencing. Treatment of tenocytes with IL-38 attenuated apoptosis, restored the balance between MMPs and TIMP-1, and alleviated ER stress under palmitate conditions. IL-38 treatment enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and promoted the expression of autophagy markers related to LC3 conversion, p62 degradation, and autophagosome formation in cultured tenocytes. The effects of IL-38 on ER stress, apoptosis, and MMP-9, MMP-13, and TIMP-1 expression in palmitate-treated tenocytes were abrogated by AMPK siRNA or 3-methyladenine (3MA). These results suggest that IL-38 alleviates ER stress through the AMPK/autophagy pathway, thereby reducing apoptosis and preventing extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in tenocytes under hyperlipidemic conditions. This study provides a promising therapeutic avenue for treating obesity-related tendinopathy using an endogenous compound such as IL-38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Su Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Do Su Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Gwon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey.
| | - Hacı Ahmet Aydemir
- Dr. Filiz Dolunay Family Health Center, Unit Number:59, Yakutiye, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
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Sun JL, Cho W, Oh H, Abd El-Aty AM, Hong SA, Jeong JH, Jung TW. Interleukin-38 alleviates hepatic steatosis through AMPK/autophagy-mediated suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress in obesity models. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31184. [PMID: 38197464 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin-38 (IL-38), recently recognized as a cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties that mitigate type 2 diabetes, has been associated with indicators of insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study investigated the impact of IL-38 on hepatic lipid metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We assessed protein expression levels using Western blot analysis, while monodansylcadaverine staining was employed to detect autophagosomes in hepatocytes. Oil red O staining was utilized to examine lipid deposition. The study revealed elevated serum IL-38 levels in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and IL-38 secretion from mouse keratinocytes. IL-38 treatment attenuated lipogenic lipid accumulation and ER stress markers in hepatocytes exposed to palmitate. Furthermore, IL-38 treatment increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and autophagy. The effects of IL-38 on lipogenic lipid deposition and ER stress were nullified in cultured hepatocytes by suppressing AMPK through small interfering (si) RNA or 3-methyladenine (3MA). In animal studies, IL-38 administration mitigated hepatic steatosis by suppressing the expression of lipogenic proteins and ER stress markers while reversing AMPK phosphorylation and autophagy markers in the livers of HFD-fed mice. Additionally, AMPK siRNA, but not 3MA, mitigated IL-38-enhanced fatty acid oxidation in hepatocytes. In summary, IL-38 alleviates hepatic steatosis through AMPK/autophagy signaling-dependent attenuation of ER stress and enhancement of fatty acid oxidation via the AMPK pathway, suggesting a therapeutic strategy for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaw Long Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseung Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Soon Auck Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chen W, Xi S, Ke Y, Lei Y. The emerging role of IL-38 in diseases: A comprehensive review. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e991. [PMID: 37647430 PMCID: PMC10461426 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interleukin-38 (IL-38) is a new type of anti-inflammatory cytokine, which is mainly expressed in the immunity-related organs and is involved in various diseases including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, lung diseases, viral infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases. AIM This review aims to detail the biological function, receptors and signaling of IL-38, which highlights its therapeutic potential in related diseases. CONCLUSION This article provides a comprehensive review of the association between interleukin-38 and related diseases, using interleukin-38 as a keyword and searching the relevant literature through Pubmed and Web of science up to July 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Chen
- Center of Forensic ExpertiseAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- School of Forensic MedcineZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Shuangyun Xi
- Center of Forensic ExpertiseAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- School of Forensic MedcineZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Yong Ke
- Center of Forensic ExpertiseAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- School of Forensic MedcineZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Yinlei Lei
- Center of Forensic ExpertiseAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- School of Forensic MedcineZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
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Chung S, Lee CM, Zhang M. Advances in nanoparticle-based mRNA delivery for liver cancer and liver-associated infectious diseases. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 8:10-28. [PMID: 36260016 PMCID: PMC11144305 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00289b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a vital organ that functions to detoxify the body. Liver cancer and infectious diseases such as influenza and malaria can fatally compromise liver function. mRNA delivery is a relatively new means of therapeutic treatment which enables expression of tumor or pathogenic antigens, and elicits immune responses for therapeutic or prophylactic effect. Novel nanoparticles with unique biological properties serving as mRNA carriers have allowed mRNA-based therapeutics to become more clinically viable and relevant. In this review, we highlight recent progress in development of nanoparticle-based mRNA delivery systems for treatment of various liver diseases. First, we present developments in nanoparticle systems used to deliver mRNAs, with specific focus on enhanced cellular uptake and endosomal escape achieved through the use of these nanoparticles. To provide context for diseases that target the liver, we provide an overview of the function and structure of the liver, as well as the role of the immune system in the liver. Then, mRNA-based therapeutic approaches for addressing HCC are highlighted. We also discuss nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccines for treating hepatotropic infectious diseases. Finally, we present current challenges in the clinical translation of nanoparticle-based mRNA delivery systems and provide outlooks for their utilization in treating liver-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokhwan Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
| | - Chan Mi Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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6
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Zhang XH, Li Y, Zhou L, Tian GP. Interleukin-38 in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 536:86-93. [PMID: 36150521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation caused by immune cells and their mediators is a characteristic of atherosclerosis. Interleukin-38 (IL-38), a member of the IL-1 family, exerts multiple anti-inflammatory effects via specific ligand-receptor interactions. Upon recognizing a specific receptor, IL-38 restrains mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NK-κB), or other inflammation-related signaling pathways in inflammatory disease. Further research has shown that IL-38 also displays anti-atherosclerotic effects and reduces the occurrence and risk of cardiovascular events. On the one hand, IL-38 can regulate innate and adaptive immunity to inhibit inflammation, reduce pathological neovascularization, and inhibit apoptosis. On the other hand, it can curb obesity, reduce hyperlipidemia, and restrain insulin resistance to reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Therefore, this article expounds on the vital function of IL-38 in the development of atherosclerosis to provide a theoretical basis for further in-depth studies of IL-38 and insights on the prophylaxis and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430016, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, Chongqing 400036, China.
| | - Guo-Ping Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Huang G, Jin Q, Li M, Tian X, Mao Y, Li Y. The potential value of low-level serum interleukin-38 for the clinical diagnosis and risk prediction of hyperuricemia. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109069. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cao J, Hua L, Zhang S, Tang J, Ke F, Wu Z, Xue G. Serum interleukin-38 levels correlated with insulin resistance, liver injury and lipids in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:70. [PMID: 35948957 PMCID: PMC9364532 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance, liver injury and dyslipidemia are reported in non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD) patients. Interleukin (IL)-38 may take part in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance. Nevertheless, the function of IL-38 in NAFLD is unknown. Herein, we determined whether serum IL-38 level might be utilised as a biochemical marker for diagnosing NAFLD. Methods NAFLD patients and healthy participants (n = 91 each) were enrolled. Circulating serum IL-38 levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Other metabolic and inflammatory indices related to NAFLD were also assessed. Results Patients with NAFLD had higher serum IL-38 levels than healthy individuals. Significantly higher serum IL-38 levels were found in patients with severe and moderate NAFLD than in patients with mild NAFLD. IL-38 showed a significant correlation with parameters of insulin resistance, inflammation, and liver enzyme in NAFLD cases. Anthropometric, insulin resistance, inflammatory parameters, lipids and frequency of NAFLD showed significant differences among the serum IL-38 level tertiles. Participants in the 2nd and 3rd tertiles of serum IL-38 levels had a greater risk of NAFLD than those in the 1st tertile. Furthermore, IL-38 ROC curve showed a high area under ROC with 0.861. Conclusions It is possible for serum IL-38 to be a biomarker for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiujiang University, 17# Lufeng Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lin Hua
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, 48# The South of Taling Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shipei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, 48# The South of Taling Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jinping Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, 48# The South of Taling Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fan Ke
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, 48# The South of Taling Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhouhuan Wu
- Department of pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jiujiang University, 17# Lufeng Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Guohui Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, 48# The South of Taling Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, China.
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9
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Al-Bassam WW, Al-Karaawi IA, Sharquie IK, Ad'hiah AH. Evaluation of interleukin-38 levels in serum of patients with coronavirus disease 2019. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3642-3652. [PMID: 35388498 PMCID: PMC9088597 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin‐38 (IL‐38) has recently been considered as a cytokine with anti‐inflammatory properties in viral respiratory infections, particularly coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19), but the evidence has not been well elucidated. Therefore, a case‐control study was conducted to determine IL‐38 serum levels in 148 patients with COVID‐19 (45 moderate, 55 severe, and 48 critical) and 113 controls. Results demonstrated that IL‐38 levels did not show significant differences between patients and controls (68.7 [interquartile range: 62.7–75.6] vs. 67.7 [58.0–82.6] pg/ml; probability = 0.457). Similarly, patients stratified by disease severity, age group, gender, or chronic disease showed no significant differences between IL‐38 levels in each stratum. Whereas, overweight/obese patients had a significantly lower median of IL‐38 compared to normal‐weight patients. Further, IL‐38 showed significantly higher levels in the age group ≥50 years of patients with critical illness than in the age group <50 years. Female patients with severe disease also showed significantly elevated levels of IL‐38 compared to male patients. In conclusion, the study indicated that serum IL‐38 levels were not affected by COVID‐19 infection, but the distribution of patients according to disease severity, age, gender, and body mass index may better reveal the role of IL‐38 in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasan W Al-Bassam
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ibtihal A Al-Karaawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Inas K Sharquie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali H Ad'hiah
- Tropical-Biological Research Unit, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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10
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Interleukin-38 in Health and Disease. Cytokine 2022; 152:155824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Diaz-Barreiro A, Huard A, Palmer G. Multifaceted roles of IL-38 in inflammation and cancer. Cytokine 2022; 151:155808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Aravindhan V, Bobhate A, Sathishkumar K, Viswanathan V. Serum levels of novel anti-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-38 in diabetes patients infected with latent tuberculosis (DM-LTB-3). J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108133. [PMID: 35090823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-38 is a recently discovered, novel anti-inflammatory cytokine, which belongs to the IL-1β family. The role played by this cytokine in diabetes-tuberculosis nexus is not known. Serum levels of IL-38, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in Normal Glucose Tolerance (NGT) and chronic Diabetes (DM) subjects, both with and without latent tuberculosis (LTB) (n = 256) were quantified by ELISA. While, serum levels of IL-38 were significantly reduced, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were not altered, in LTB infected diabetes patients. While no significant secretion of IL-38 was detected in the quantiferon supernatant, secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β was significantly reduced in LTB infected diabetes patients. The decreased systemic levels of IL-38 and reduced in vitro secretion of other pro-inflammatory cytokines might represent a crucial pathway associated with diabetes-tuberculosis nexus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anup Bobhate
- Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Kuppan Sathishkumar
- Dept of Genetics, Dr ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, India
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Huang G, Li M, Tian X, Jin Q, Mao Y, Li Y. The emerging roles of IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in diabetes mellitus and its complications. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:997-1008. [PMID: 35049442 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220113142533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease caused by a combination of genetics and environmental factors. The importance of the inflammatory response occurring in the pancreas and adipose tissue in the occurrence and progression of diabetes has been gradually accepted. Excess blood glucose and free fatty acids produce large amounts of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines through oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. There is sufficient evidence that proinflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, macrophage chemotactic protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α, are engaged in the insulin resistance in peripheral adipose tissue and the apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells. IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38, as new members of the IL-1 family, play an indispensable effect in the regulation of immune system homeostasis and are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Recently, the abnormal expression of IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in diabetes has been reported. In this review, we discuss the emerging functions, potential mechanisms, and future research directions on the role of IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in diabetes mellitus and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Mingcai Li
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaoqing Tian
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Qiankai Jin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Yushan Mao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Yan Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
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Esmaeilzadeh A, Bahmaie N, Nouri E, Hajkazemi MJ, Zareh Rafie M. Immunobiological Properties and Clinical Applications of Interleukin-38 for Immune-Mediated Disorders: A Systematic Review Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12552. [PMID: 34830435 PMCID: PMC8625918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exponential growth in the usage of "cytokines" (as seroimmunobiomarkers) has facilitated more accurate prognosis, early diagnosis, novel, and efficient immunotherapeutics. Numerous studies have reported immunopathophysiological and immunopathological processes of interleukin-38 (IL-38). Therefore, in this systematic review article, the authors aimed to present an updated comprehensive overview on the immunobiological mechanisms, diagnostic, and immune gene-based therapeutic potentials of IL-38. According to our inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 216 articles were collected from several search engines and databases from the January 2012 to July 2021 time interval by using six main keywords. Physiologic or pathologic microenvironments, optimal dosage, and involved receptors affect the functionalities of IL-38. Alterations in serum levels of IL-38 play a major role in the immunopathogenesis of a wide array of immune-mediated disorders. IL-38 shows anti-inflammatory activities by reduction or inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, supporting the therapeutic aspects of IL-38 in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. According to the importance of pre-clinical studies, it seems that manipulation of the immune system by immunomodulatory properties of IL-38 can increase the accuracy of diagnosis, and decipher optimal clinical outcomes. To promote our knowledge, more collaboration is highly recommended among laboratory scientists, internal/infectious diseases specialists, oncologists, immunologists, diseases-specific biomarkers scientists, and basic medical researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran
- Immunotherapy Research & Technology Group, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran
| | - Nazila Bahmaie
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Health Science, Near East University (NEU), Nicosia 99138, Cyprus;
- Pediatric Ward, Department of Allergy and Immunology, Near East University affiliated Hospital, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus
- Serology and Immunology Ward, Clinical Diagnosis Laboratory, Private Baskent Hospital, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419733151, Iran
| | - Elham Nouri
- School of Paramedicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran;
- Shahid Beheshti University Affiliated Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Hajkazemi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran; (M.J.H.); (M.Z.R.)
| | - Maryam Zareh Rafie
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran; (M.J.H.); (M.Z.R.)
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15
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Xing Z, Wu Y, Liu N. IL-22 alleviates the fibrosis of hepatic stellate cells via the inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1088. [PMID: 34447480 PMCID: PMC8355699 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent and progressive liver injury causes liver fibrosis due to the inability of the liver to regenerate. Interleukin (IL)-22 serves an important role in liver fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanism by which IL-22 exerts its effects on liver fibrosis has not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanism by which IL-22 affects the development of liver fibrosis. Following activation of the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) using transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), HSC proliferation was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The indicators of oxidative stress were detected using specific kits. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of fibrosis-associated genes were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Subsequently, the protein expression levels of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1 and IL-1β were examined using western blotting. Following addition of Nigericin, a NLRP3 activator, the levels of oxidative stress and fibrosis were measured. IL-22 increased the viability of HSCs, which were activated by TGF-β. The malondialdehyde content was significantly decreased, whereas superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels were increased following IL-22 treatment. Moreover, IL-22 markedly downregulated the expression levels of fibrosis-associated genes, including α-smooth muscle actin, type I collagen and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1. Furthermore, the expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β were decreased in the IL-22-treated groups. However, the NLRP3 activator Nigericin reversed the inhibitory effects of IL-22 on the induction of oxidative stress and fibrosis of HSCs induced by TGF-β. In conclusion, the present study indicated that IL-22 alleviated the fibrosis of HSCs by inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, which may provide further insight on the underlying mechanism by which IL-22 exerts protective effects on liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyun Xing
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yayun Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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16
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Xu Z, Yuan X, Gao Q, Li Y, Li M. Interleukin-38 overexpression prevents bleomycin-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:391-399. [PMID: 32577797 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a kind of pulmonary disorder with chronic inflammation and excessive collagen deposition, and its etiology is not clear. Interleukin (IL)-38 is a new member of IL-1 family cytokines, but its role in pulmonary fibrosis has not been elucidated. In this study, a lentivirus expressing IL-38 was injected into the nasal cavity of mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. We found that IL-38 overexpression reduced the body weight loss and improved the survival of mice induced by bleomycin. Furthermore, IL-38 expression attenuated the pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis damage induced by bleomycin, decreased the production of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α, but increased the release of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in the lungs of bleomycin-challenged mice. Our data suggest that IL-38 may inhibit bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis through its anti-inflammatory effect and regulation of IL-1β/IL-1Ra balance, and IL-38 may be a new strategy for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xu
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center, Li Huili Hospital, Jiangnan Road 1111, Ningbo, 315103, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianli Yuan
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaoyan Gao
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingcai Li
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
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17
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Gurău F, Silvestrini A, Matacchione G, Fazioli F, Bonfigli AR, Olivieri F, Sabbatinelli J. Plasma levels of interleukin-38 in healthy aging and in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 171:108585. [PMID: 33310128 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-38 were evaluated in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and healthy controls. Plasma IL-38 was higher in T2DM patients and positively related to waist/hip ratio, HbA1c, uric acid, liver function tests, triglycerides and total proteins. Patients suffering from diabetic nephropathy had the highest IL-38 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Gurău
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Silvestrini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Matacchione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Francesca Fazioli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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18
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de Graaf DM, Jaeger M, van den Munckhof ICL, Ter Horst R, Schraa K, Zwaag J, Kox M, Fujita M, Yamauchi T, Mercurio L, Madonna S, Rutten JHW, de Graaf J, Riksen NP, van de Veerdonk FL, Netea MG, Joosten LAB, Dinarello CA. Reduced concentrations of the B cell cytokine interleukin 38 are associated with cardiovascular disease risk in overweight subjects. Eur J Immunol 2020; 51:662-671. [PMID: 33125159 PMCID: PMC7983920 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The IL‐1 family member IL‐38 (IL1F10) suppresses inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. Here, we report that plasma concentrations of IL‐38 in 288 healthy Europeans correlate positively with circulating memory B cells and plasmablasts. IL‐38 correlated negatively with age (p = 0.02) and was stable in 48 subjects for 1 year. In comparison with primary keratinocytes, IL1F10 expression in CD19+ B cells from PBMC was lower, whereas cell‐associated IL‐38 expression was comparable. In vitro, IL‐38 is released from CD19+ B cells after stimulation with rituximab. Intravenous LPS in humans failed to induce circulating IL‐38, compared to 100‐fold induction of IL‐6 and IL‐1 receptor antagonist. In a cohort of 296 subjects with body mass index > 27 at high risk for cardiovascular disease, IL‐38 plasma concentrations were significantly lower than in healthy subjects (p < 0.0001), and lowest in those with metabolic syndrome (p < 0.05). IL‐38 also correlated inversely with high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (p < 0.01), IL‐6, IL‐1Ra, and leptin (p < 0.05). We conclude that a relative deficiency of the B cell product IL‐38 is associated with increased systemic inflammation in aging, cardiovascular and metabolic disease, and is consistent with IL‐38 as an anti‐inflammatory cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M de Graaf
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Science (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Science (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge C L van den Munckhof
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Science (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Ter Horst
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Science (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kiki Schraa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Science (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Zwaag
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Science (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Science (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Takeshi Yamauchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laura Mercurio
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione Luigi M. Monti, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Madonna
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione Luigi M. Monti, Rome, Italy
| | - Joost H W Rutten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Science (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Graaf
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Science (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Science (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Science (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Science (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Science (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Science (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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19
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Li Y, Chen S, Sun J, Yu Y, Li M. Interleukin-38 inhibits adipogenesis and inflammatory cytokine production in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:2357-2362. [PMID: 32716099 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-38 (IL-38) is a novel member of the IL-1 cytokine family with anti-inflammatory activity. However, its effect on adipogenesis and inflammatory cytokines secretion of adipocytes in vitro has not been reported. To address whether IL-38 inhibits adipogenesis and inflammation in vitro, adipose precursor 3T3-L1 cells were cultured with or without IL-38. The morphology and size of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells were measured by Oil red O staining. The mRNA expression levels of GATA-binding protein-3 (GATA-3), glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), peroxisome proliferator-associated receptor γ2, IL-1β, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in 3T3-L1 cells were detected by real-time PCR, The contents of IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1 in 3T3-L1 cell medium supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IL-38 significantly decreased the number of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells. IL-38 also increased GATA-3 and GLUT4 mRNA expression and inhibited IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1 secretion by 3T3-L1 cells. It is concluded that IL-38 can inhibit the differentiation of human adipocytes and inflammatory cytokine production by 3T3-L1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Immunology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Immunology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Immunology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Yu
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Jilin City, Jilin, China
| | - Mingcai Li
- Department of Immunology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
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20
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Sun X, Hou T, Cheung E, Iu TNT, Tam VWH, Chu IMT, Tsang MSM, Chan PKS, Lam CWK, Wong CK. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the novel cytokine interleukin-38 in allergic asthma. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:631-646. [PMID: 31645649 PMCID: PMC7264207 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We elucidated the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of IL-38 in allergic asthma. Human bronchial epithelial cells and eosinophils were cocultured upon stimulation with the viral RLR ligand poly (I:C)/LyoVec or infection-related cytokine TNF-α to induce expression of cytokines/chemokines/adhesion molecules. House dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic asthma and humanized allergic asthma NOD/SCID murine models were established to assess anti-inflammatory mechanisms in vivo. IL-38 significantly inhibited induced proinflammatory IL-6, IL-1β, CCL5, and CXCL10 production, and antiviral interferon-β and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in the coculture system. Mass cytometry and RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that IL-38 could antagonize the activation of the intracellular STAT1, STAT3, p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and NF-κB pathways, and upregulate the expression of the host defense-related gene POU2AF1 and anti-allergic response gene RGS13. Intraperitoneal injection of IL-38 into HDM-induced allergic asthma mice could ameliorate airway hyperreactivity by decreasing the accumulation of eosinophils in the lungs and inhibiting the expression of the Th2-related cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung homogenates. Histological examination indicated lung inflammation was alleviated by reductions in cell infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia, together with reduced Th2, Th17, and innate lymphoid type 2 cell numbers but increased proportions of regulatory T cells in the lungs, spleen, and lymph nodes. IL-38 administration suppressed airway hyperreactivity and asthma-related IL-4 and IL-5 expression in humanized mice, together with significantly decreased CCR3+ eosinophil numbers in the BALF and lungs, and a reduced percentage of human CD4+CRTH2+ Th2 cells in the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes. Together, our results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of IL-38 and provided a basis for the development of a regulatory cytokine-based treatment for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianheng Hou
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edwin Cheung
- Cancer Centre; Centre of Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Tiffany Nga-Teng Iu
- Cancer Centre; Centre of Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Victor Wai-Hou Tam
- Cancer Centre; Centre of Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ida Miu-Ting Chu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miranda Sin-Man Tsang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul Kay-Sheung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher Wai-Kei Lam
- Faculty of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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21
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Liu Y, Chen T, Zhou F, Mu D, Liu S. Interleukin-38 increases the insulin sensitivity in children with the type 2 diabetes. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106264. [PMID: 32087495 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing in the children population. It is well known that inflammation contributes to the type 2 DM pathogenesis. Interleukin 38 (IL-38) is one newly identified anti-inflammatory factor. Therefore, we investigated whether the expression level of IL-38 is associated with type 2 DM in the children and the underlying mechanism. Children with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited and studied. The healthy subjects without glucose metabolism abnormalities were used as controls. The IL-38 expression level was determined by quantitative PCR and ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunoassay). Statistic analysis showed that the IL-38 level was significantly associated with type 2 DM and insulin resistance in the children. The patients were then divided into two groups, one group sensitive to insulin therapy while the other resistant to insulin therapy. Data showed that the IL-38 was highly expressed in the group sensitive to insulin therapy. In the mice model, overexpressing the IL-38 could suppress the expression of IL-36, a pro-inflammatory factor, and also the diabetes development. Thus our results showed that higher IL-38 was associated with the increased insulin sensitive in children with type 2 DM and inhibited T2DM development in the mouse model through suppressing the function of IL-36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Fangli Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shanling Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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22
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Talabot-Ayer D, Mermoud L, Borowczyk J, Drukala J, Wolnicki M, Modarressi A, Boehncke WH, Brembilla N, Palmer G. Interleukin-38 interacts with destrin/actin-depolymerizing factor in human keratinocytes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225782. [PMID: 31770407 PMCID: PMC6879167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-38 is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, which was proposed to exert anti-inflammatory effects. IL-38 is constitutively expressed in the skin, where keratinocytes are the main producing cells. Little information is currently available concerning IL-38 biology. Here, we investigated the subcellular localization and interaction partners of the IL-38 protein in human keratinocytes. IL-38 expression was reduced in primary keratinocytes grown in monolayer (2D) cultures. We thus used IL-38 overexpressing immortalized normal human keratinocytes (NHK/38) to study this cytokine in cell monolayers. In parallel, differentiation of primary human keratinocytes in an in vitro reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) 3D model allowed us to restore endogenous IL-38 expression. In NHK/38 cells and in RHE, IL-38 was mainly cell-associated, rather than released into culture supernatants. Intracellular IL-38 was preferentially, although not exclusively, cytoplasmic. Similarly, in normal human skin sections, IL-38 was predominantly cytoplasmic in the epidermis and essentially excluded from keratinocyte nuclei. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified destrin/actin-depolymerizing factor (DSTN) as a potential IL-38-interacting molecule. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay confirmed this interaction. We further observed partial co-localization of IL-38 and DSTN in NHK/38 cells. Endogenous IL-38 and DSTN were also co-expressed in all epidermal layers in RHE and in normal human skin. Finally, IL-38 partially co-localized with F-actin in NHK/38 cells, in particular along the cortical actin network and in filopodia. In conclusion, IL-38 is found predominantly in the cytoplasm of human keratinocytes, where it interacts with DSTN. The functional relevance of this interaction remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Talabot-Ayer
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Mermoud
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julia Borowczyk
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Drukala
- Cell Bank, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Michal Wolnicki
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Ali Modarressi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Henning Boehncke
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolo Brembilla
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gaby Palmer
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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