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Kang H, Kim SC, Oh Y. Fucoxanthin Abrogates Ionizing Radiation-Induced Inflammatory Responses by Modulating Sirtuin 1 in Macrophages. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:635. [PMID: 38132956 PMCID: PMC10744970 DOI: 10.3390/md21120635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) triggers an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disrupting the normal function of both immune and metabolic systems, leading to inflammation and metabolic disturbances. To address the pressing requirement for protection against IR, fucoxanthin (FX), a naturally occurring compound extracted from algae, was utilized as an efficient radioprotective agent in macrophages. In this study, we cultured murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and treated them with FX, along with agents influencing the activity of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and estrogen receptor α (ERα), to investigate their impact on IR-induced cellular responses. FX significantly attenuated IR-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes (Il1b, Tnf, and Ccl2) and inhibited macrophage polarization toward the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype. Additionally, FX regulated IR-induced metabolic genes mediating glycolysis and mitochondrial biogenesis. The ability of FX to mitigate IR-induced inflammation and glycolysis was ascribed to the expression and activity of SIRT1 and ERα in macrophages. This study not only uncovers the underlying mechanisms of FX's radioprotective properties but also highlights its potential as a protective agent against the detrimental effects of IR, thus offering new opportunities for enhancing radiation protection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-Daero, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seon-Chil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-Daero, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-Daero, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkee Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-Daero, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea;
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2
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Slautin VN, Grebnev DY, Maklakova IY, Sazonov SV. Fucoxanthin exert dose-dependent antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects on CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis. J Nat Med 2023; 77:953-963. [PMID: 37391684 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The lack of an effective non-surgical liver fibrosis treatment is a major problem in hepatology. Fucoxanthin is a marine xanthophyll that exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties, thereby indicating its potential effectiveness in the treatment of liver fibrosis. The study aims to investigate the antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of fucoxanthin and its main mechanisms on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in 50 outbred ICR/CD1 mice. 2 μl/g of CCl4 were injected intraperitoneally 2 times a week for 6 weeks. Fucoxanthin (5, 10, 30 mg/kg) was administered via gavage. Liver histopathology was evaluated by Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) and Sirius Red staining using the METAVIR scale. The immunohistochemical method was used to determine the number of CD45 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) positive cells, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and α-SMA positive areas. Using enzyme immunoassays, procollagen 1 (COL1A1), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were determined in homogenate, and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined in blood serum. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activity, albumin (ALB), and total bilirubin (Tbil) levels are determined by biochemical assays. Fucoxanthin significantly reduced the severity of liver fibrosis, profibrogenic markers, inflammatory infiltration, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In summary, we confirmed that fucoxanthin has a dose-dependent antifibrotic effect on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. We found that the anti-inflammatory effect of fucoxanthin is related to the inhibition of IL-1β and TNF-α synthesis, as well as the decrease in the number of leukocytes in the injured liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilii N Slautin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Professional Education, Ural State Medical University", 3, Repin Street, 620028, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation.
- Federal Budgetary Institution of Science "Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infection "Virome", 23, Letnyaya Street, 620030, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Dmitry Yu Grebnev
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Professional Education, Ural State Medical University", 3, Repin Street, 620028, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
- Institute of Medical Cell Technologies, 22a, Karl Marx Street, 620026, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Yu Maklakova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Professional Education, Ural State Medical University", 3, Repin Street, 620028, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
- Institute of Medical Cell Technologies, 22a, Karl Marx Street, 620026, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V Sazonov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Professional Education, Ural State Medical University", 3, Repin Street, 620028, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
- Institute of Medical Cell Technologies, 22a, Karl Marx Street, 620026, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
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3
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Winarto J, Song DG, Pan CH. The Role of Fucoxanthin in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098203. [PMID: 37175909 PMCID: PMC10179653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) has emerged as a leading cause of human deaths. It caused 1.32 million deaths in 2017, which affected men more than women by a two-to-one ratio. There are various causes of CLD, including obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, and viral infection. Among them, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of obesity-induced liver diseases, is the major cause, representing the cause of more than 50% of cases. Fucoxanthin, a carotenoid mainly found in brown seaweed, exhibits various biological activities against NAFLD. Its role in NAFLD appears in several mechanisms, such as inducing thermogenesis in mitochondrial homeostasis, altering lipid metabolism, and promoting anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. The corresponding altered signaling pathways are the β3-adorenarine receptor (β3Ad), proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC-1), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase B (AKT), SMAD2/3, and P13K/Akt pathways. Fucoxanthin also exhibits anti-fibrogenic activity that prevents non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Winarto
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Geun Song
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
- Microalgae Ask US Co., Ltd., Gangneung 25441, Republic of Korea
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Wu Y, Jin X, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wu M, Tong H. Bioactive Compounds from Brown Algae Alleviate Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Extensive Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1771-1787. [PMID: 36689477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases. The increasing NAFLD incidences are associated with unhealthy lifestyles. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic options for NAFLD. Thus, there is a need to develop safe, efficient, and economic treatment options for NAFLD. Brown algae, which are edible, contain abundant bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides and phlorotannins. They have been shown to ameliorate insulin resistance, as well as hepatic steatosis, and all of these biological functions can potentially alleviate NAFLD. Accumulating reports have shown that increasing dietary consumption of brown algae reduces the risk for NAFLD development. In this review, we summarized the animal experiments and clinical proof of brown algae and their bioactive compounds for NAFLD treatment within the past decade. Our findings show possible avenues for further research into the pathophysiology of NAFLD and brown algae therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiaosheng Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Haibin Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Consumption of Low Dose Fucoxanthin Does Not Prevent Hepatic and Adipose Inflammation and Fibrosis in Mouse Models of Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112280. [PMID: 35684079 PMCID: PMC9183127 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (FCX) is a xanthophyll carotenoid present in brown seaweed. The goal of this study was to examine whether FCX supplementation could attenuate obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities, fibrosis, and inflammation in two diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse models. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a high-fat/high-sucrose/high-cholesterol (HFC) diet or a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) diet. The former induces more severe liver injury than the latter model. In the first study, male C57BL/6J mice were fed an HFC diet, or an HFC diet containing 0.015% or 0.03% (w/w) FCX powder for 12 weeks to develop obesity-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In the second study, mice were fed an HFS diet or an HFS diet containing 0.01% FCX powder for 8 weeks. FCX did not change body weight gain and serum lipid profiles compared to the HFC or HFS controls. No significant differences were present in liver triglyceride and total cholesterol, hepatic fat accumulation, and serum alanine aminotransferase levels between control and FCX-fed mice regardless of whether they were on an HFC or HFS diet. FCX did not mitigate mRNA abundance of genes involved in lipid synthesis, cholesterol metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver and white adipose tissue, while hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation genes were significantly elevated by FCX in both HFC and HFS feeding studies. Additionally, in the soleus muscle, FCX supplementation significantly elevated genes that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid β-oxidation, concomitantly increasing mitochondrial DNA copy number, compared with HFC. In summary, FCX supplementation had minor effects on hepatic and white adipose inflammation and fibrosis in two different DIO mouse models.
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Bae M, Kim MB, Lee JY. Fucoxanthin Attenuates the Reprogramming of Energy Metabolism during the Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091902. [PMID: 35565869 PMCID: PMC9103095 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a major role in developing liver fibrosis. Upon activation during liver injury, activated HSC (aHSC) increase cell proliferation, fibrogenesis, contractility, chemotaxis, and cytokine release. We previously showed that aHSC have increased mitochondrial respiration but decreased glycolysis compared to quiescent HSC (qHSC). We also demonstrated that fucoxanthin (FCX), a xanthophyll carotenoid, has an anti-fibrogenic effect in HSC. The objective of this study was to investigate whether FCX attenuates metabolic reprogramming occurring during HSC activation. Mouse primary HSC were activated in the presence or absence of FCX for seven days. aHSC displayed significantly decreased glycolysis and increased mitochondrial respiration compared to qHSC, which was ameliorated by FCX present during activation. In addition, FCX partially attenuated the changes in the expression of genes involved in glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, including hexokinase 1 (Hk1), Hk2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1β, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3. Our data suggest that FCX may prevent HSC activation by modulating the expression of genes crucial for metabolic reprogramming in HSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Bae
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, USA; (M.B.); (M.-B.K.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Interdisciplinary Program in Senior Human Ecology, BK21 FOUR, College of Natural Sciences, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea
| | - Mi-Bo Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, USA; (M.B.); (M.-B.K.)
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, USA; (M.B.); (M.-B.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(860)-486-1827
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7
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Schinagl M, Tomin T, Gindlhuber J, Honeder S, Pfleger R, Schittmayer M, Trauner M, Birner-Gruenberger R. Proteomic Changes of Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312782. [PMID: 34884585 PMCID: PMC8657869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are the major cellular drivers of liver fibrosis. Upon liver inflammation caused by a broad range of insults including non-alcoholic fatty liver, HSC transform from a quiescent into a proliferating, fibrotic phenotype. Although much is known about the pathophysiology of this process, exact cellular processes which occur in HSC and enable this transformation remain yet to be elucidated. In order to investigate this HSC transformation, we employed a simple, yet reliable model of HSC activation via an increase in growth medium serum concentration (serum activation). For that purpose, immortalized human LX-2 HSC were exposed to either 1% or 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Resulting quiescent (1% FBS) and activated (10% FBS) LX-2 cells were then subjected to in-depth mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis as well as comprehensive phenotyping. Protein network analysis of activated LX-2 cells revealed an increase in the production of ribosomal proteins and proteins related to cell cycle control and migration, resulting in higher proliferation and faster migration phenotypes. Interestingly, we also observed a decrease in the expression of cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis proteins in accordance with a concomitant loss of cytosolic lipid droplets during activation. Overall, this work provides an update on HSC activation characteristics using contemporary proteomic and bioinformatic analyses and presents an accessible model for HSC activation. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD029121.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schinagl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.); (T.T.); (R.P.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (S.H.)
| | - Tamara Tomin
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.); (T.T.); (R.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Juergen Gindlhuber
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (S.H.)
| | - Sophie Honeder
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (S.H.)
| | - Raphael Pfleger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.); (T.T.); (R.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Matthias Schittmayer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.); (T.T.); (R.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.); (T.T.); (R.P.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Fucoxanthin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and oxidative stress by activating nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway in macrophages. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3315-3324. [PMID: 33598775 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of fucoxanthin (FCX), a xanthophyll carotenoid, have been suggested. However, underlying mechanisms are elusive. The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms by which FCX and its metabolites inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in macrophages. METHODS The effects of the FCX on mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant genes, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation were determined in RAW 264.7 macrophages. A potential role of FCX in the modulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/nuclear E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) axis was evaluated. RESULTS FCX significantly decreased LPS-induced interleukin (Il)6, Il1b, and tumor necrosis factor α (Tnf) mRNA abundance and TNFα secretion. FCX attenuated LPS or tert-butyl-hydroperoxide-induced ROS accumulation with concomitant increases in the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Also, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay demonstrated that FCX had a potent free radical scavenging property. FCX markedly increased nuclear translocation of NRF2 in LPS-treated macrophages, consequently inducing its target gene expression. Interestingly, the effect of FCX on NRF2 nuclear translocation was noticeably diminished by LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, but not by inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Phosphorylation of AKT, a downstream element of PI3K, was also markedly increased by FCX. FCX metabolites, such as fucoxanthinol and amarouciaxanthin A, significantly attenuated LPS-induced ROS accumulation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. CONCLUSION FCX exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by the activation of NRF2 in the macrophages activated by LPS, which is mediated, at least in part, through the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Xiao H, Zhao J, Fang C, Cao Q, Xing M, Li X, Hou J, Ji A, Song S. Advances in Studies on the Pharmacological Activities of Fucoxanthin. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E634. [PMID: 33322296 PMCID: PMC7763821 DOI: 10.3390/md18120634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a natural carotenoid derived mostly from many species of marine brown algae. It is characterized by small molecular weight, is chemically active, can be easily oxidized, and has diverse biological activities, thus protecting cell components from ROS. Fucoxanthin inhibits the proliferation of a variety of cancer cells, promotes weight loss, acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, interacts with the intestinal flora to protect intestinal health, prevents organ fibrosis, and exerts a multitude of other beneficial effects. Thus, fucoxanthin has a wide range of applications and broad prospects. This review focuses primarily on the latest progress in research on its pharmacological activity and underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Jiarui Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Chang Fang
- Test Center for Agri‐Products Quality of Jinan, Jinan 250316, China;
| | - Qi Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Maochen Xing
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Xia Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Junfeng Hou
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Aiguo Ji
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (J.H.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (J.H.)
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Hu S, Bae M, Park YK, Lee JY. n-3 PUFAs inhibit TGFβ1-induced profibrogenic gene expression by ameliorating the repression of PPARγ in hepatic stellate cells. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 85:108452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Gabbia D, De Martin S. Brown Seaweeds for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:E4182. [PMID: 32932674 PMCID: PMC7570850 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by the coexistence of different metabolic disorders which increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, metabolic syndrome leads to a reduction in patients' quality of life as well as to an increase in morbidity and mortality. In the last few decades, it has been demonstrated that seaweeds exert multiple beneficial effects by virtue of their micro- and macronutrient content, which could help in the management of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. This review aims to provide an updated overview on the potential of brown seaweeds for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases, based on the most recent evidence obtained from in vitro and in vivo preclinical and clinical studies. Owing to their great potential for health benefits, brown seaweeds are successfully used in some nutraceuticals and functional foods for treating metabolic syndrome comorbidities. However, some issues still need to be tackled and deepened to improve the knowledge of their ADME/Tox profile in humans, in particular by finding validated indexes of their absorption and obtaining reliable information on their efficacy and long-term safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gabbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Miyashita K, Beppu F, Hosokawa M, Liu X, Wang S. Bioactive significance of fucoxanthin and its effective extraction. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Takatani N, Kono Y, Beppu F, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Yamano Y, Miyashita K, Hosokawa M. Fucoxanthin inhibits hepatic oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis model mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:305-310. [PMID: 32475638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with hepatocyte injury, excessive oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation in fatty liver, and can progress to more severe liver diseases, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, currently there are no effective therapies for NASH. Marine carotenoid, fucoxanthin (Fx), abundant in brown seaweeds, has variable biological properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-obesity. However, the effect of Fx on the development of NASH has not been explored. We investigated the protective effects of Fx in diet-induced NASH model mice fed choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined high fat diet (CDAHFD). Fx administration significantly attenuated liver weight gain and hepatic fat accumulation, resulting in the alleviation of hepatic injury. Furthermore, the Fx-fed mice, not only exhibited reduced hepatic lipid oxidation, but also decreased mRNA expression levels of inflammation and infiltration-related genes compared to that of the CDAHFD-fed mice. Moreover, fucoxanthinol and amarouciaxanthin A, two Fx metabolites exerted anti-inflammatory effects in the liver via inhibiting the chemokine production in hepatocytes. In case of fibrosis, one of the features of advanced NASH, the expression of fibrogenic factors including activated-hepatic stellate cell marker was significantly decreased in the liver of Fx-fed mice. Thus, the present study elucidated that dietary Fx not only inhibited hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation but also prevented early phase of fibrosis in the diet-induced NASH model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takatani
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Yuka Kono
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Beppu
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yamano
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuo Miyashita
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Masashi Hosokawa
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan.
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Bae M, Kim MB, Park YK, Lee JY. Health benefits of fucoxanthin in the prevention of chronic diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158618. [PMID: 31931174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid abundant in macroalgae, such as brown seaweeds. When fucoxanthin is consumed, it can be esterified or hydrolyzed to fucoxanthinol in the gastrointestinal tract and further converted into amarouciaxanthin A in the liver. It has a unique chemical structure that confers its biological effects. Fucoxanthin has a strong antioxidant capacity by scavenging singlet molecular oxygen and free radicals. Also, it exerts an anti-inflammatory effect. Studies have demonstrated potential health benefits of fucoxanthin for the prevention of chronic diseases, such as cancer, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and liver disease. Animal studies have shown that fucoxanthin supplementation has no adverse effects. However, investigation of the safety of fucoxanthin consumption in humans is lacking. Clinical trials are required to assess the safety of fucoxanthin in conjunction with the study of mechanisms by which fucoxanthin exhibits its health benefits. This review focuses on current knowledge of metabolism and functions of fucoxanthin with its potential health benefits. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Bae
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Mi-Bo Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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