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Gos M, Cebula J, Goszczyński TM. Metallacarboranes in Medicinal Chemistry: Current Advances and Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8481-8501. [PMID: 38769934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Metallacarboranes, exemplified by cobalt bis(dicarbollide) ([COSAN]-), have excelled their historical metallocene analogue label to become promising in drug design, medical studies, and fundamental biological research. Serving as a unique platform for conjugation with biomolecules, they also constitute an auspicious building block for biologically active derivatives and a carrier for cellular transport of membrane-impermeable cargos. Modified [COSAN]- exhibits specific antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer actions showing promise for preclinical trials. Contributing to the ongoing development in medicinal chemistry, metallacarboranes offer desirable physicochemical properties and low acute toxicity. This article presents a critical look at metallacarboranes in the context of their application in medicinal chemistry, emphasizing [COSAN]- as a potential game-changer in drug design and biomedical sciences. As medicinal chemistry seeks innovative building blocks, metallacarboranes emerge as an important novelty with versatile solutions and promising implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Gos
- Laboratory of Biomedical Chemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Cebula
- Laboratory of Biomedical Chemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz M Goszczyński
- Laboratory of Biomedical Chemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
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2
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Li J, Zhang S, Tang Y, Wang J, Gu W, Wei Y, Tang F, Peng X, Liu J, Wei Y, Zhang S, Gu L, Li Y, Tang F. A novel method for simultaneously measuring boronophenylalanine uptake in brain tumor cells and number of cells using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 205:111184. [PMID: 38215645 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) combines neutron irradiation with boron compounds that are selectively uptaken by tumor cells. Boronophenylalanine (BPA) is a boron compound used to treat malignant brain tumors. The determination of boron concentration in cells is of great relevance to the field of BNCT. This study was designed to develop a novel method for simultaneously measuring the uptake of BPA by U87 and U251 cells (two brain tumor cell lines) and number of cells using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The results revealed a linear correlation between phosphorus intensity and the numbers of U87 and U251 cells, with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.9995 and 0.9994, respectively. High accuracy and reliability of phosphorus concentration standard curve were also found. Using this new method, we found that BPA had no significant effect on phosphorus concentration in either U87 or U251 cells. However, BPA increased the boron concentration in U87 and U251 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with the boron concentration in U87 cells being higher than that in U251 cells. In both U87 and U251 cells, boron was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus, accounting for 85% and 13% of the total boron uptake by U87 cells and 86% and 11% of the total boron uptake by U251 cells, respectively. In the U87 and U251 cell-derived xenograft (CDX) animal model, tumor exhibited higher boron concentration values than blood, heart, liver, lung, and brain, with a tumor/blood ratio of 2.87 for U87 cells and 3.11 for U251 cells, respectively. These results suggest that the phosphorus concentration in U87 and U251 cells can represent the number of cells and BPA is easily uptaken by tumor cells as well as in tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Li
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shining Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Clinical Medicine Department, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenjiao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yujie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fenxia Tang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaohuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangyan Liu
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yucai Wei
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shixu Zhang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Long Gu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; South-east Institute of Lanzhou University, Putian, China.
| | - Yumin Li
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China; South-east Institute of Lanzhou University, Putian, China.
| | - Futian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China; South-east Institute of Lanzhou University, Putian, China.
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Marforio TD, Carboni A, Calvaresi M. In Vivo Application of Carboranes for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT): Structure, Formulation and Analytical Methods for Detection. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4944. [PMID: 37894311 PMCID: PMC10605826 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboranes have emerged as one of the most promising boron agents in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). In this context, in vivo studies are particularly relevant, since they provide qualitative and quantitative information about the biodistribution of these molecules, which is of the utmost importance to determine the efficacy of BNCT, defining their localization and (bio)accumulation, as well as their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. First, we gathered a detailed list of the carboranes used for in vivo studies, considering the synthesis of carborane derivatives or the use of delivery system such as liposomes, micelles and nanoparticles. Then, the formulation employed and the cancer model used in each of these studies were identified. Finally, we examined the analytical aspects concerning carborane detection, identifying the main methodologies applied in the literature for ex vivo and in vivo analysis. The present work aims to identify the current strengths and weakness of the use of carboranes in BNCT, establishing the bottlenecks and the best strategies for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Carboni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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Gruzdev DA, Telegina AA, Levit GL, Ezhikova MA, Kodess MI, Krasnov VP. Synthesis of Charge-Compensated nido-Carboranyl Derivatives of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids and Biotin. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14022-14032. [PMID: 37737724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
A new group of charge-compensated nido-carboranyl derivatives of sulfur-containing amino acids and biotin has been synthesized in which the boron atom in position 9 or 10 of carborane is attached to a positively charged sulfur atom. The possibilities of obtaining symmetrical B(10)-substituted and asymmetric B(9)-substituted nido-carboranes were studied. Using the example of (S)-methionine and D-biotin derivatives, water-soluble S-substituted charge-compensated nido-carboranes with free functional groups were prepared. The results obtained open up prospects for the development of potential boron delivery agents for BNCT as well as new bioactive compounds containing a negatively charged nido-carboranyl fragment bearing a positive charge on the sulfur atom associated with the boron cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Gruzdev
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 22/20, S. Kovalevskoy St., Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia
| | - Angelina A Telegina
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 22/20, S. Kovalevskoy St., Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia
| | - Galina L Levit
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 22/20, S. Kovalevskoy St., Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia
| | - Marina A Ezhikova
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 22/20, S. Kovalevskoy St., Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia
| | - Mikhail I Kodess
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 22/20, S. Kovalevskoy St., Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia
| | - Victor P Krasnov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 22/20, S. Kovalevskoy St., Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia
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5
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Coghi P, Li J, Hosmane NS, Zhu Y. Next generation of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) agents for cancer treatment. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1809-1830. [PMID: 37102375 DOI: 10.1002/med.21964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is one of the most promising treatments among neutron capture therapies due to its long-term clinical application and unequivocally obtained success during clinical trials. Boron drug and neutron play an equivalent crucial role in BNCT. Nevertheless, current clinically used l-boronophenylalanine (BPA) and sodium borocaptate (BSH) suffer from large uptake dose and low blood to tumor selectivity, and that initiated overwhelm screening of next generation of BNCT agents. Various boron agents, such as small molecules and macro/nano-vehicles, have been explored with better success. In this featured article, different types of agents are rationally analyzed and compared, and the feasible targets are shared to present a perspective view for the future of BNCT in cancer treatment. This review aims at summarizing the current knowledge of a variety of boron compounds, reported recently, for the application of BCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Coghi
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jinxin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Narayan S Hosmane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
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Monti Hughes A, Hu N. Optimizing Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) to Treat Cancer: An Updated Review on the Latest Developments on Boron Compounds and Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4091. [PMID: 37627119 PMCID: PMC10452654 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a tumor-selective particle radiotherapy. It combines preferential boron accumulation in tumors and neutron irradiation. The recent initiation of BNCT clinical trials employing hospital-based accelerators rather than nuclear reactors as the neutron source will conceivably pave the way for new and more numerous clinical trials, leading up to much-needed randomized trials. In this context, it would be interesting to consider the implementation of new boron compounds and strategies that will significantly optimize BNCT. With this aim in mind, we analyzed, in this review, those articles published between 2020 and 2023 reporting new boron compounds and strategies that were proved therapeutically useful in in vitro and/or in vivo radiobiological studies, a critical step for translation to a clinical setting. We also explored new pathologies that could potentially be treated with BNCT and newly developed theranostic boron agents. All these radiobiological advances intend to solve those limitations and questions that arise during patient treatment in the clinical field, with BNCT and other therapies. In this sense, active communication between clinicians, radiobiologists, and all disciplines will improve BNCT for cancer patients, in a cost- and time-effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Monti Hughes
- Radiation Pathology Division, Department Radiobiology, National Atomic Energy Commission, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650KNA, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Naonori Hu
- Kansai BNCT Medical Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan;
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
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7
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Oloo SO, Smith KM, Vicente MDGH. Multi-Functional Boron-Delivery Agents for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy of Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3277. [PMID: 37444386 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary cancer treatment that involves the irradiation of 10B-containing tumors with low-energy neutrons (thermal or epithermal). The alpha particles and recoiling Li nuclei that are produced in the 10B-capture nuclear reaction are high-linear-energy transfer particles that destroy boron-loaded tumor cells; therefore, BNCT has the potential to be a localized therapeutic modality. Two boron-delivery agents have been used in clinical trials of BNCT in patients with malignant brain tumors, cutaneous melanoma, or recurrent tumors of the head and neck region, demonstrating the potential of BNCT in the treatment of difficult cancers. A variety of potentially highly effective boron-delivery agents have been synthesized in the past four decades and tested in cells and animal models. These include boron-containing nucleosides, peptides, proteins, polyamines, porphyrins, liposomes, monoclonal antibodies, and nanoparticles of various types. The most promising agents are multi-functional boronated molecules and nanoparticles functionalized with tumor cell-targeting moieties that increase their tumor selectivity and contain a radiolabel or fluorophore to allow quantification of 10B-biodistribution and treatment planning. This review discusses multi-functional boron agents reported in the last decade, but their full potential can only be ascertained after their evaluation in BNCT clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian O Oloo
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Kevin M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Marforio TD, Mattioli EJ, Zerbetto F, Calvaresi M. Exploiting Blood Transport Proteins as Carborane Supramolecular Vehicles for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13111770. [PMID: 37299673 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carboranes are promising agents for applications in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), but their hydrophobicity prevents their use in physiological environments. Here, by using reverse docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we identified blood transport proteins as candidate carriers of carboranes. Hemoglobin showed a higher binding affinity for carboranes than transthyretin and human serum albumin (HSA), which are well-known carborane-binding proteins. Myoglobin, ceruloplasmin, sex hormone-binding protein, lactoferrin, plasma retinol-binding protein, thyroxine-binding globulin, corticosteroid-binding globulin and afamin have a binding affinity comparable to transthyretin/HSA. The carborane@protein complexes are stable in water and characterized by favorable binding energy. The driving force in the carborane binding is represented by the formation of hydrophobic interactions with aliphatic amino acids and BH-π and CH-π interactions with aromatic amino acids. Dihydrogen bonds, classical hydrogen bonds and surfactant-like interactions also assist the binding. These results (i) identify the plasma proteins responsible for binding carborane upon their intravenous administration, and (ii) suggest an innovative formulation for carboranes based on the formation of a carborane@protein complex prior to the administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainah Dorina Marforio
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Jun Mattioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Zhang CY, Cao K, Liu D, Yang HB, Teng CC, Li B, Yang J. Iridium-catalyzed selective amination of B(4)-H for the synthesis of o-carborane-fused indolines. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2933-2936. [PMID: 36815456 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00316g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
An iridium-catalyzed selective amination of B(4)-H via dehydrogenative cross-coupling of B-H/N-H bonds for the synthesis of o-carborane-fused indolines has been developed for the first time. Various types of unprecedented o-carborane-fused indolines have been synthesized, which would be potential candidates for applications in drug discovery, pharmaceutical chemistry and functional materials. This work offers a valuable reference for the designing and synthesis of o-carborane-fused heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Ke Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Dechun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Han-Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Chao-Chao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Li
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, P. R. China
| | - Junxiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, Sichuan, P. R. China.
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Novel Self-Forming Nanosized DDS Particles for BNCT: Utilizing A Hydrophobic Boron Cluster and Its Molecular Glue Effect. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203307. [PMID: 36291173 PMCID: PMC9600043 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BNCT is a non-invasive cancer therapy that allows for cancer cell death without harming adjacent cells. However, the application is limited, owing to the challenges of working with clinically approved boron (B) compounds and drug delivery systems (DDS). To address the issues, we developed self-forming nanoparticles consisting of a biodegradable polymer, namely, “AB-type Lactosome (AB-Lac)” loaded with B compounds. Three carborane isomers (o-, m-, and p-carborane) and three related alkylated derivatives, i.e., 1,2-dimethy-o-carborane (diC1-Carb), 1,2-dihexyl-o-carborane (diC6-Carb), and 1,2-didodecyl-o-carborane (diC12-Carb), were separately loaded. diC6-Carb was highly loaded with AB-Lac particles, and their stability indicated the “molecular glue” effect. The efficiency of in vitro B uptake of diC6-Carb for BNCT was confirmed at non-cytotoxic concentration in several cancer cell lines. In vivo/ex vivo biodistribution studies indicated that the AB-Lac particles were remarkably accumulated within 72 h post-injection in the tumor lesions of mice bearing syngeneic breast cancer (4T1) cells, but the maximum accumulation was reached at 12 h. In ex vivo B biodistribution, the ratios of tumor/normal tissue (T/N) and tumor/blood (T/Bl) of the diC6-Carb-loaded particles remained stably high up to 72 h. Therefore, we propose the diC6-Carb-loaded AB-Lac particles as a promising candidate medicine for BNCT.
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In vivo evaluation of the effects of combined boron and gadolinium neutron capture therapy in mouse models. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13360. [PMID: 35922534 PMCID: PMC9349192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17610-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) depends primarily on the short flight range of the alpha particles emitted by the boron neutron capture reaction, gadolinium neutron capture therapy (GdNCT) mainly relies on gamma rays and Auger electrons released by the gadolinium neutron capture reaction. BNCT and GdNCT can be complementary in tumor therapy. Here, we studied the combined effects of BNCT and GdNCT when boron and gadolinium compounds were co-injected, followed by thermal neutron irradiation, and compared these effects with those of the single therapies. In cytotoxicity studies, some additive effects (32‒43%) were observed when CT26 cells were treated with both boron- and gadolinium-encapsulated PEGylated liposomes (B- and Gd-liposomes) compared to the single treatments. The tumor-suppressive effect was greater when BNCT was followed by GdNCT at an interval of 10 days rather than vice versa. However, tumor suppression with co-injection of B- and Gd-liposomes into tumor-bearing mice followed by neutron beam irradiation was comparable to that observed with Gd-liposome-only treatment but lower than B-liposome-only injection. No additive effect was observed with the combination of BNCT and GdNCT, which could be due to the shielding effect of gadolinium against thermal neutrons because of its overwhelmingly large thermal neutron cross section.
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Zaboronok A, Khaptakhanova P, Uspenskii S, Bekarevich R, Mechetina L, Volkova O, Mathis BJ, Kanygin V, Ishikawa E, Kasatova A, Kasatov D, Shchudlo I, Sycheva T, Taskaev S, Matsumura A. Polymer-Stabilized Elemental Boron Nanoparticles for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy: Initial Irradiation Experiments. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040761. [PMID: 35456595 PMCID: PMC9032815 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sufficient boron-10 isotope (10B) accumulation by tumor cells is one of the main requirements for successful boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The inability of the clinically registered 10B-containing borophenylalanine (BPA) to maintain a high boron tumor concentration during neutron irradiation after a single injection has been partially solved by its continuous infusion; however, its lack of persistence has driven the development of new compounds that overcome the imperfections of BPA. We propose using elemental boron nanoparticles (eBNPs) synthesized by cascade ultrasonic dispersion and destruction of elemental boron microparticles and stabilized with hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) as a core component of a novel boron drug for BNCT. These HEC particles are stable in aqueous media and show no apparent influence on U251, U87, and T98G human glioma cell proliferation without neutron beam irradiation. In BNCT experiments, cells incubated with eBNPs or BPA at an equivalent concentration of 40 µg 10B/mL for 24 h or control cells without boron were irradiated at an accelerator-based neutron source with a total fluence of thermal and epithermal neutrons of 2.685, 5.370, or 8.055 × 1012/cm2. The eBNPs significantly reduced colony-forming capacity in all studied cells during BNCT compared to BPA, verified by cell-survival curves fit to the linear-quadratic model and calculated radiobiological parameters, though the effect of both compounds differed depending on the cell line. The results of our study warrant further tumor targeting-oriented modifications of synthesized nanoparticles and subsequent in vivo BNCT experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zaboronok
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (E.I.); (A.M.)
- Laboratory of Medical and Biological Problems of BNCT, Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-853-3220; Fax: +81-29-853-3214
| | - Polina Khaptakhanova
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70, Profsoyuznaya Street, 117393 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (S.U.)
| | - Sergey Uspenskii
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70, Profsoyuznaya Street, 117393 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (S.U.)
| | - Raman Bekarevich
- The Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, D02 W272 Dublin, Ireland;
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Ludmila Mechetina
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Novosibirsk, 8/2 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (L.M.); (O.V.)
| | - Olga Volkova
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Novosibirsk, 8/2 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (L.M.); (O.V.)
| | - Bryan J. Mathis
- International Medical Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, 2-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba 305-8576, Japan;
| | - Vladimir Kanygin
- Laboratory of Medical and Biological Problems of BNCT, Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Eiichi Ishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (E.I.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna Kasatova
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (D.K.); (I.S.); (T.S.); (S.T.)
- Laboratory of BNCT, Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Kasatov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (D.K.); (I.S.); (T.S.); (S.T.)
- Laboratory of BNCT, Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan Shchudlo
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (D.K.); (I.S.); (T.S.); (S.T.)
- Laboratory of BNCT, Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana Sycheva
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (D.K.); (I.S.); (T.S.); (S.T.)
- Laboratory of BNCT, Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Taskaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (D.K.); (I.S.); (T.S.); (S.T.)
- Laboratory of BNCT, Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Akira Matsumura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (E.I.); (A.M.)
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Chen Y, Du F, Tang L, Xu J, Zhao Y, Wu X, Li M, Shen J, Wen Q, Cho CH, Xiao Z. Carboranes as unique pharmacophores in antitumor medicinal chemistry. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:400-416. [PMID: 35141397 PMCID: PMC8807988 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carborane is a carbon-boron molecular cluster that can be viewed as a 3D analog of benzene. It features special physical and chemical properties, and thus has the potential to serve as a new type of pharmacophore for drug design and discovery. Based on the relative positions of two cage carbons, icosahedral closo-carboranes can be classified into three isomers, ortho-carborane (o-carborane, 1,2-C2B10H12), meta-carborane (m-carborane, 1,7-C2B10H12), and para-carborane (p-carborane, 1,12-C2B10H12), and all of them can be deboronated to generate their nido- forms. Cage compound carborane and its derivatives have been demonstrated as useful chemical entities in antitumor medicinal chemistry. The applications of carboranes and their derivatives in the field of antitumor research mainly include boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), as BNCT/photodynamic therapy dual sensitizers, and as anticancer ligands. This review summarizes the research progress on carboranes achieved up to October 2021, with particular emphasis on signaling transduction pathways, chemical structures, and mechanistic considerations of using carboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Liyao Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jinrun Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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Abstract
Nucleophilic ring-opening reactions of cyclic oxonium derivatives of anionic boron hydrides are a convenient method of their modification which opens practically unlimited prospects for their incorporation into various macro- and biomolecules. This contribution provides an overview of the synthesis and reactivity of cyclic oxonium derivatives of nido-carborane as well as half-sandwich complexes based on it.
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Shirakawa M, Zaboronok A, Nakai K, Sato Y, Kayaki S, Sakai T, Tsurubuchi T, Yoshida F, Nishiyama T, Suzuki M, Tomida H, Matsumura A. A Novel Boron Lipid to Modify Liposomal Surfaces for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123421. [PMID: 34943929 PMCID: PMC8699917 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a cancer treatment with clinically demonstrated efficacy using boronophenylalanine (BPA) and sodium mercaptododecaborate (BSH). However, tumor tissue selectivity of BSH and retention of BPA in tumor cells is a constant problem. To ensure boron accumulation and retention in tumor tissues, we designed a novel polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based boron-containing lipid (PBL) and examined the potency of delivery of boron using novel PBL-containing liposomes, facilitated by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. PBL was synthesized by the reaction of distearoylphosphoethanolamine and BSH linked by PEG with Michael addition while liposomes modified using PBL were prepared from the mixed lipid at a constant molar ratio. In this manner, novel boron liposomes featuring BSH in the liposomal surfaces, instead of being encapsulated in the inner aqueous phase or incorporated in the lipid bilayer membrane, were prepared. These PBL liposomes also carry additional payload capacity for more boron compounds (or anticancer agents) in their inner aqueous phase. The findings demonstrated that PBL liposomes are promising candidates to effect suitable boron accumulation for BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Shirakawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 1-985 Higashimuracho-Sanzo, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.K.); (T.S.); (T.N.); (H.T.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan; (K.N.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-84-936-2112
| | - Alexander Zaboronok
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (A.Z.); (T.T.); (F.Y.)
| | - Kei Nakai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan; (K.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Yuhki Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 1-985 Higashimuracho-Sanzo, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.K.); (T.S.); (T.N.); (H.T.)
| | - Sho Kayaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 1-985 Higashimuracho-Sanzo, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.K.); (T.S.); (T.N.); (H.T.)
| | - Tomonori Sakai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 1-985 Higashimuracho-Sanzo, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.K.); (T.S.); (T.N.); (H.T.)
| | - Takao Tsurubuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (A.Z.); (T.T.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fumiyo Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (A.Z.); (T.T.); (F.Y.)
| | - Takashi Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 1-985 Higashimuracho-Sanzo, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.K.); (T.S.); (T.N.); (H.T.)
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear science, Kyoto University, 2 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan; (M.S.)
| | - Hisao Tomida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 1-985 Higashimuracho-Sanzo, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.K.); (T.S.); (T.N.); (H.T.)
| | - Akira Matsumura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan; (K.N.); (A.M.)
- Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 4669-2 Amicho, Inashiki 300-0394, Ibaraki, Japan
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Druzina AA, Zhidkova OB, Dudarova NV, Nekrasova NA, Suponitsky KY, Timofeev SV, Bregadze VI. Synthesis of Zwitter-Ionic Conjugate of Nido-Carborane with Cholesterol. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216687. [PMID: 34771096 PMCID: PMC8588508 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
9-HC≡CCH2Me2N-nido-7,8-C2B9H11, a previously described carboranyl terminal alkyne, was used for the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition with azido-3β-cholesterol to form a novel zwitter-ionic conjugate of nido-carborane with cholesterol, bearing a 1,2,3-triazol fragment. The conjugate of nido-carborane with cholesterol, containing a charge-compensated group in the linker, can be used as a precursor for the preparation of liposomes for BNCT (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy). The solid-state molecular structure of a nido-carborane derivative with the 9-Me2N(CH2)2Me2N-nido-7,8-C2B9H11 terminal dimethylamino group was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Druzina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.Z.); (N.V.D.); (N.A.N.); (K.Y.S.); (S.V.T.); (V.I.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-926-404-5566
| | - Olga B. Zhidkova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.Z.); (N.V.D.); (N.A.N.); (K.Y.S.); (S.V.T.); (V.I.B.)
| | - Nadezhda V. Dudarova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.Z.); (N.V.D.); (N.A.N.); (K.Y.S.); (S.V.T.); (V.I.B.)
| | - Natalia A. Nekrasova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.Z.); (N.V.D.); (N.A.N.); (K.Y.S.); (S.V.T.); (V.I.B.)
- M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 86 Vernadsky Av., 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kyrill Yu. Suponitsky
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.Z.); (N.V.D.); (N.A.N.); (K.Y.S.); (S.V.T.); (V.I.B.)
- Basic Department of Chemistry of Innovative Materials and Technologies, G.V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyannyi Line, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Timofeev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.Z.); (N.V.D.); (N.A.N.); (K.Y.S.); (S.V.T.); (V.I.B.)
| | - Vladimir I. Bregadze
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.Z.); (N.V.D.); (N.A.N.); (K.Y.S.); (S.V.T.); (V.I.B.)
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Byun BH, Kim MH, Han YH, Jeong HJ. KSNM60 in Non-thyroidal Radionuclide Therapy: Leaping into the Future. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 55:203-209. [PMID: 34721713 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-021-00703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This year, the Korean Society of Nuclear Medicine (KSNM) is celebrating its 60th anniversary. Treatment, as well as diagnosis, has played a very important role in the development of nuclear medicine. Since I-131 was used for thyroid therapy in 1959, other radionuclide therapy is still being used, and attempts to use new radionuclide are increasing. In this review, we briefly summarize and introduce the therapies such as radioimmunotherapy, transarterial radioembolization, radionuclide therapy for neuroendocrine tumors, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, control of metastatic bone pain, radiation synovectomy, radionuclide brachytherapy, alpha particle therapy, and boron neutron capture therapy, which has been being attempted so far in the field of nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hyun Byun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myoung Hyoun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do South Korea
| | - Yeon-Hee Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, 20, Geonji-ro, Duckjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 561-803 South Korea
| | - Hwan-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, 20, Geonji-ro, Duckjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 561-803 South Korea
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18
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Wang Z. A Facile Synthesis of Nido-Carborane Polymers via Dynamic Self-Assembly by Poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate). JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 21:5681-5687. [PMID: 33980380 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carborane are widely applied in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) field, but it is difficult to perform biocompatibility with cells due to its own water solubility differences, so how to solve the water solubility problem has always been the focus of research. A simple, inexpensive and effective method was used to study the synthesis of nido-carborane azaspirodecanium poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) by one-pot cyclization of nido-carborane azaspirodecanium under the synergistic effect of inorganic bases and conventional organic solvents. Its characterization is mainly to use 1H-NMR nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and infrared spectroscopy to determine the characteristic peak and range of borane. Through transmission electron microscope (TEM), it can be observed that the white nanoparticles, namely carborane, are completely contained by polymer ions, which not only increases the surface area but also the concentration of boron uptake in the cell is 100 times that of borono-phenylalanine (BPA). Based on the successful synthesis of N-CB5-4 and N-CB6-5 without harsh conditions, a feasibility point of view was put forward, namely, super water-soluble carborane polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Wang
- College of Vanadium and Titanium, Panzhihua University, 617000, P. R. China
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19
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Lee W, Jung KH, Park JA, Kim JY, Lee YJ, Chang Y, Yoo J. In vivo evaluation of PEGylated-liposome encapsulating gadolinium complexes for gadolinium neutron capture therapy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 568:23-29. [PMID: 34174538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Gadolinium neutron capture therapy (GdNCT) is a form of binary radiotherapy. It utilizes nuclear reactions that occur when gadolinium-157 is irradiated with thermal neutrons, producing high-energy γ-rays and Auger electrons. Herein, we evaluate the potential of GdNCT for cancer treatment using PEGylated liposome incorporated with an FDA-approved MRI contrast agent. The clinical gadolinium complex (Gadovist®) was successfully encapsulated inside the aqueous core of PEGylated liposomes by repeated freeze and thaw cycling. At a concentration of 152 μM Gd, the Gd-liposome showed high cytotoxicity upon thermal-neutron irradiation. In animal experiments, when a CT26 tumor model was administered with Gd-liposomes (19 mg 157Gd per kg) followed by 20-min irradiation of thermal neutron at a flux of 1.94 × 104 cm-2 s-1, tumor growth was suppressed by 43%, compared to that in the control group, on the 23rd day of post-irradiation. After two-cycle GdNCT treatment at a 10-day interval, tumor growth was more efficiently retarded. On the 31st day after irradiation, the weight of the excised tumor in the GdNCT group (38 mg 157Gd per kg per injection) was only 30% of that of the control group. These results demonstrate the potential of GdNCT using PEGylated liposomes containing MRI contrast agents in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woonghee Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hye Jung
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Park
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Young Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsoo Yoo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Allahou LW, Madani SY, Seifalian A. Investigating the Application of Liposomes as Drug Delivery Systems for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer. Int J Biomater 2021; 2021:3041969. [PMID: 34512761 PMCID: PMC8426107 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3041969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the routine treatment for cancer despite the poor efficacy and associated off-target toxicity. Furthermore, therapeutic doses of chemotherapeutic agents are limited due to their lack of tissue specificity. Various developments in nanotechnology have been applied to medicine with the aim of enhancing the drug delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. One of the successful developments includes nanoparticles which are particles that range between 1 and 100 nm that may be utilized as drug delivery systems for the treatment and diagnosis of cancer as they overcome the issues associated with chemotherapy; they are highly efficacious and cause fewer side effects on healthy tissues. Other nanotechnological developments include organic nanocarriers such as liposomes which are a type of nanoparticle, although they can deviate from the standard size range of nanoparticles as they may be several hundred nanometres in size. Liposomes are small artificial spherical vesicles ranging between 30 nm and several micrometres and contain one or more concentric lipid bilayers encapsulating an aqueous core that can entrap both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Liposomes are biocompatible and low in toxicity and can be utilized to encapsulate and facilitate the intracellular delivery of chemotherapeutic agents as they are biodegradable and have reduced systemic toxicity compared with free drugs. Liposomes may be modified with PEG chains to prolong blood circulation and enable passive targeting. Grafting of targeting ligands on liposomes enables active targeting of anticancer drugs to tumour sites. In this review, we shall explore the properties of liposomes as drug delivery systems for the treatment and diagnosis of cancer. Moreover, we shall discuss the various synthesis and functionalization techniques associated with liposomes including their drug delivery, current clinical applications, and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa W. Allahou
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Seyed Yazdan Madani
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialisation Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd.) London BioScience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK
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21
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Tsygankova AR, Gruzdev DA, Kanygin VV, Ya. Guselnikova T, Telegina AA, Kasatova AI, Kichigin AI, Levit GL, Mechetina LV, Mukhamadiyarov RA, Razumov IA, Solovieva OI, Yu. Volkova O, Ponomarev AA, Krasnov VP, Zavjalov EL. Liposomes loaded with lipophilic derivative of closo-carborane as a potential boron delivery system for boron neutron capture therapy of tumors. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Feiner IVJ, Pulagam KR, Uribe KB, Passannante R, Simó C, Zamacola K, Gómez-Vallejo V, Herrero-Álvarez N, Cossío U, Baz Z, Caffarel MM, Lawrie CH, Vugts DJ, Rejc L, Llop J. Pre-targeting with ultra-small nanoparticles: boron carbon dots as drug candidates for boron neutron capture therapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:410-420. [PMID: 33367431 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01880e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising cancer treatment exploiting the neutron capture capacity and subsequent fission reaction of boron-10. The emergence of nanotechnology has encouraged the development of nanocarriers capable of accumulating boron atoms preferentially in tumour cells. However, a long circulation time, required for high tumour accumulation, is usually accompanied by accumulation of the nanosystem in organs such as the liver and the spleen, which may cause off-target side effects. This could be overcome by using small-sized boron carriers via a pre-targeting strategy. Here, we report the preparation, characterisation and in vivo evaluation of tetrazine-functionalised boron-rich carbon dots, which show very fast clearance and low tumour uptake after intravenous administration in a mouse HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)-positive tumour model. Enhanced tumour accumulation was achieved when using a pretargeting approach, which was accomplished by a highly selective biorthogonal reaction at the tumour site with trans-cyclooctene-functionalised Trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene V J Feiner
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Krishna R Pulagam
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Kepa B Uribe
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Rossana Passannante
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Cristina Simó
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Kepa Zamacola
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Vanessa Gómez-Vallejo
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastian, Spain.
| | | | - Unai Cossío
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Zuriñe Baz
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - María M Caffarel
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Charles H Lawrie
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain and Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Dept. Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, The Netherlands
| | - Luka Rejc
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastian, Spain. and University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jordi Llop
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastian, Spain. and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Respiratorias - CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Chan WJ, Cho HL, Goudar V, Bupphathong S, Shu CH, Kung C, Tseng FG. Boron-enriched polyvinyl-alcohol/boric-acid nanoparticles for boron neutron capture therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:441-452. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the noninvasive nature of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), it is considered a promising cancer treatment method. Aim: To investigate whether polyvinyl alcohol/boric acid crosslinked nanoparticles (PVA/BA NPs) are an efficient delivery system for BNCT. Materials & methods: PVA/BA NPs were synthesized and cocultured with brain and oral cancers cells for BNCT. Results: PVA/BA NPs had a boron-loading capacity of 7.83 ± 1.75 w/w%. They accumulated in brain and oral cancers cells at least threefold more than in fibroblasts and macrophages. The IC50 values of the brain and oral cancers cells were at least ninefold and sixfold lower than those of fibroblasts and macrophages, respectively. Conclusion: Theoretically, PVA/BA NPs target brain and oral cancers cells and could offer improved therapeutic outcomes of BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jen Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Han-Lin Cho
- Engineering & System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Venkanagouda Goudar
- Engineering & System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Sasinan Bupphathong
- Engineering & System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Shu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi Kung
- Engineering & System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Engineering & System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental & Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Druzina AA, Zhidkova OB, Dudarova NV, Kosenko ID, Ananyev IV, Timofeev SV, Bregadze VI. Synthesis and Structure of Nido-Carboranyl Azide and Its "Click" Reactions. Molecules 2021; 26:530. [PMID: 33498488 PMCID: PMC7930967 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel zwitter-ionic nido-carboranyl azide 9-N3(CH2)3Me2N-nido-7,8-C2B9H11 was prepared by the reaction of 9-Cl(CH2)3Me2N-nido-7,8-C2B9H11 with NaN3. The solid-state molecular structure of nido-carboranyl azide was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 9-N3(CH2)3Me2N-nido-7,8-C2B9H11 was used for the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition with phenylacetylene, alkynyl-3β-cholesterol and cobalt/iron bis(dicarbollide) terminal alkynes to form the target 1,2,3-triazoles. The nido-carborane-cholesterol conjugate 9-3β-Chol-O(CH2)C-CH-N3(CH2)3Me2N-nido-7,8-C2B9H11 with charge-compensated group in a linker can be used as a precursor for preparation of liposomes for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). A series of novel zwitter-ionic boron-enriched cluster compounds bearing a 1,2,3-triazol-metallacarborane-carborane conjugated system was synthesized. Prepared conjugates contain a large amount of boron atom in the biomolecule and potentially can be used for BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Druzina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.Z.); (N.V.D.); (I.D.K.); (I.V.A.); (S.V.T.); (V.I.B.)
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25
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Dubey RD, Sarkar A, Shen Z, Bregadze VI, Sivaev IB, Druzina AA, Zhidkova OB, Shmal'ko AV, Kosenko ID, P S, Mandal S, Hosmane NS. Effects of Linkers on the Development of Liposomal Formulation of Cholesterol Conjugated Cobalt Bis(dicarbollides). J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1365-1373. [PMID: 33340534 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) remains an important treatment arm for cancer patients with locally invasive malignant tumors. This therapy needs a significant amount of boron to deposit in cancer tissues selectively, sparing other healthy organs. Most of the liposomes contain water-soluble polyhedral boron salts stay in the core of the liposomes and have low encapsulation efficiency. Thus, modifying the polyhedral boron core to make it hydrophobic and incorporating those into the lipid layer could be one of the ways to increase drug loading and encapsulation efficiency. Additionally, a systematic study about the linker-dependent effect on drug encapsulation and drug-release is lacking, particularly for the liposomal formulation of hydrophobic-drugs. To achieve these goals, liposomal formulations of a series of lipid functionalized cobalt bis(dicarbollide) compounds have been prepared, with the linkers of different hydrophobicity. Hydrophobicity of the linkers have been evaluated through logP calculation and its effect on drug encapsulation and release have been investigated. The liposomes have shown high drug loading, excellent encapsulation efficiency, stability, and non-toxic behavior. Release experiment showed minimal release of drug from liposomes in phosphate buffer, ensuring some amount of drug, associated with liposomes, can be available to tumor tissues for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Dhar Dubey
- India Innovation Research Center, 465 Patparganj Industrial Area, Delhi 110092, India
| | - Arindam Sarkar
- India Innovation Research Center, 465 Patparganj Industrial Area, Delhi 110092, India.
| | - Zheyu Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Vladimir I Bregadze
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor B Sivaev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Druzina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga B Zhidkova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Akim V Shmal'ko
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina D Kosenko
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sreejyothi P
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Swadhin Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Narayan S Hosmane
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
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26
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In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Fluorescently Labeled Borocaptate-Containing Liposomes. J Fluoresc 2020; 31:73-83. [PMID: 33078252 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), a binary cancer therapeutic modality, has moved to a new phase since development of accelerator-based neutron sources and establishment of BNCT centers in Finland and Japan. That stimulated efforts for better boron delivery agent development. As liposomes have shown effective boron delivery properties and sufficient tumor retention, fluorescent liposome labelling may serve as a rapid method to study initial ability of newly synthesized liposomes to be captured by tumor cells prior to experiments on boron accumulation and neutron irradiation. In this work, we studied the accumulation and biodistribution of pegylated liposomes with encapsulated borocaptate (BSH) and a fluorescent label (Nile Red) in U87 (human glioblastoma), SW-620 (human colon carcinoma), SK-MEL-28 (human melanoma), FetMSC (mesenchymal human embryo stem cells), and EMBR (primary embryocytes) cell lines as well as an orthotopic xenograft model of U87 glioma in SCID mice. Results indicate that fluorescent microscopy is effective at determining the intracellular localization of the liposomes using a fluorescent label. The synthesized, pegylated liposomes showed higher accumulation in tumors compared to normal cells, with characteristic concentration peaks in SW-620 and U87 cell lines, and provided in vivo tumor selectivity with several-fold higher tumor tissue fluorescence at the 6-h timepoint. Graphical abstract Fluorescent images of U-87 glioma cells after 24 hours of incubation with BSH-containing liposomes labeled with lipophilic Nile Red (red color)and water-soluble FITC-Dextran (green color); cell nuclei in blue color (DAPI-staining) (×400). Scale bar is 50 μm. Fluorescent labelling serves as anexpress method to study liposome delivery efficiency prior to boron accumulation evaluation and BNCT irradiation experiments.
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