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Jiang YZ, Huang XR, Chang J, Zhou Y, Huang XT. SIRT1: An Intermediator of Key Pathways Regulating Pulmonary Diseases. J Transl Med 2024; 104:102044. [PMID: 38452903 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Silent information regulator type-1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+-dependent deacetylase, is a member of the sirtuins family and has unique protein deacetylase activity. SIRT1 participates in physiological as well as pathophysiological processes by targeting a wide range of protein substrates and signalings. In this review, we described the latest progress of SIRT1 in pulmonary diseases. We have introduced the basic information and summarized the prominent role of SIRT1 in several lung diseases, such as acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhu Jiang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin-Ran Huang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Huang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Wan Y, Fu J. GDF15 as a key disease target and biomarker: linking chronic lung diseases and ageing. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:453-466. [PMID: 37093513 PMCID: PMC10123484 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, is expressed in several human organs. In particular, it is highly expressed in the placenta, prostate, and liver. The expression of GDF15 increases under cellular stress and pathological conditions. Although numerous transcription factors directly up-regulate the expression of GDF15, the receptors and downstream mediators of GDF15 signal transduction in most tissues have not yet been determined. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor α-like protein was recently identified as a specific receptor that plays a mediating role in anorexia. However, the specific receptors of GDF15 in other tissues and organs remain unclear. As a marker of cell stress, GDF15 appears to exert different effects under different pathological conditions. Cell senescence may be an important pathogenetic process and could be used to assess the progression of various lung diseases, including COVID-19. As a key member of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype protein repertoire, GDF15 seems to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, although the specific molecular mechanism linking GDF15 expression with ageing remains to be elucidated. Here, we focus on research progress linking GDF15 expression with the pathogenesis of various chronic lung diseases, including neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary hypertension, suggesting that GDF15 may be a key biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis. Thus, in this review, we aimed to provide new insights into the molecular biological mechanism and emerging clinical data associated with GDF15 in lung-related diseases, while highlighting promising research and clinical prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Zhang X, Wang S, Chong N, Chen D, Shu J, Sun J, Sun Z, Wang R, Wang Q, Xu Y. GDF-15 alleviates diabetic nephropathy via inhibiting NEDD4L-mediated IKK/NF-κB signalling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111427. [PMID: 38181673 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Podocyte inflammatory injury has been indicated to play a pivotal role in the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the pathogenesis of inflammation remains unclear. Recent researches have shown that GDF-15, a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, were elevated under pathological conditions, such as myocardial ischemia, cancer, as well as inflammation. Here, we demonstrated that GDF-15 could alleviate podocyte inflammatory injury by modulating the NF-κB pathway. GDF-15 and other pro-inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were upregulated in the serum of HFD/STZ rat models. GDF-15 was also elevated in diabetic glomeruli and hyperglycemic stimuli treated-podocytes. The silence of GDF-15 in HG-stimulated podocytes further augmented inflammation and podocyte injury, while overexpression of GDF-15 significantly reduced the inflammatory response in podocytes. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that GDF-15 could inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-κB through IKK and IκBα by interaction with ubiquitin ligase NEDD4L. Taken together, our data suggested a protective mechanism of elevated GDF-15 in DN through obstruction of ubiquitin degradation of IKK by inhibiting NEDD4L expression, thus decreasing the activation of NF-κB and relieving the inflammation. GDF-15 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Simeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nannan Chong
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianqiang Shu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingshu Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zhikang Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinglian Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Reyes J, Zhao Y, Pandya K, Yap GS. Growth differentiation factor-15 is an IFN-γ regulated mediator of infection-induced weight loss and the hepatic FGF21 response. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:24-33. [PMID: 38013040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections are often accompanied by weight loss caused by alterations in host behavior and metabolism, also known as sickness behaviors. Recent studies have revealed that sickness behaviors can either promote or impede survival during infections depending on factors such as the type of infectious pathogen. Nevertheless, we have an incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms of sickness behaviors. Furthermore, although the host immune responses to infections have long been known to contribute to the induction of sickness behaviors, recent studies have identified emerging cytokines that are also key regulators of host metabolism during infection and inflammation, such as growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15). GDF-15 is a distant member of the TGF-β superfamily that causes weight loss by suppressing appetite and food consumption and causing emesis. These effects require activation of neurons that express the only known GDF-15 receptor, the GFRAL receptor. GDF-15 also functions in the periphery including the induction of ketogenesis and immunoregulation. Nevertheless, the functions and regulation of GDF-15 during live infections is not yet known. Murine infection with avirulent Toxoplasma gondii is an established model to understand infection-induced weight loss. Past studies have determined that acute T. gondii infection causes weight loss due to diminished food consumption and increased energy expenditure through unknown mechanisms. Additionally, our lab previously demonstrated that T. gondii causes upregulation in serum GDF-15 in an IFN-γ-dependent manner during the post-acute phase of the infection. In this study, we interrogated the in-vivo functions and immune regulation of GDF-15 during Toxoplasma gondii infection. First, we found that in wild-type mice, acute T. gondii infection caused a significant weight loss that is preceded by elevation of serum levels of IFN-γ and GDF-15. To determine whether IFN-γ regulates GDF-15, we neutralized IFN-γ on days 5 and 6 and measured GDF-15 on day 7 and found that serum but not tissue levels of GDF-15 decreased after IFN-γ neutralization. Additionally, exogenous IFN-γ was sufficient to elevate serum GDF-15 in the absence of infection. Next, we compared the outcomes of T. gondii infection between WT and Gdf15-/- mice. We observed that the weight trajectories were declining in WT mice while they were increasing in Gdf15-/-mice during the acute phase of the infection. This difference in trajectories extended throughout the chronic infection resulting to an overall weight loss relative to initial weights in WT mice but not Gdf15-/-mice. Then, we determined that GDF-15 is not essential for survival and immunoregulation during T. gondii infection. We also demonstrated that GDF-15 is required for the induction of FGF21, stress-induced cytokine with prominent roles in regulating host metabolism. Finally, we discovered a cytokine cascade IFN-γ-GDF-15-FGF21 that is likely involved in the regulation of host metabolism. Overall, our study provides evidence that IFN-γ contributes to the regulation of host metabolism during infection by inducing GDF-15 and FGF21. GDF-15 orchestrates changes in host metabolism that supports the host immune response in clearing the infection. These physiological alterations induce FGF21, which in turn, orchestrates the adaptive responses to the effects of GDF-15, which can be detrimental when protracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jojo Reyes
- Department of Medicine and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Yanlin Zhao
- Department of Medicine and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Krushang Pandya
- Department of Medicine and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States; Program of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, New York Institute of Technology, United States
| | - George S Yap
- Department of Medicine and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States.
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Tsai CF, Chen YC, Li YZ, Wu CT, Chang PC, Yeh WL. Imperatorin ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis via GDF15 expression. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1292137. [PMID: 38111379 PMCID: PMC10725920 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1292137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary fibrosis features in damaged pulmonary structure or over-produced extracellular matrix and impaired lung function, leading to respiratory failure and eventually death. Fibrotic lungs are characterized by the secretion of pro-fibrotic factors, transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, and accumulation of matrix proteins. Hypothesis/purpose: Imperatorin shows anti-inflammatory effects on alveolar macrophages against acute lung injury. We attempt to evaluate the properties of imperatorin on the basis of fibroblasts. Methods: In in vitro, zymosan was introduced to provoke pro-fibrotic responses in NIH/3T3 or MRC-5 pulmonary fibroblasts. Imperatorin was given for examining its effects against fibrosis. The mice were stimulated by bleomycin, and imperatorin was administered to evaluate the prophylactic potential in vivo. Results: The upregulated expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen protein due to zymosan introduction was decreased by imperatorin in fibroblasts. Zymosan induced the activity of transglutaminase 2 (TGase2) and lysyl oxidase (LOX), which was also inhibited by the administration of imperatorin. Imperatorin alone enhanced sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) secretion in fibroblasts via LKB1/AMPK/CREB pathways. In addition, GDF15 exerted a beneficial effect by reducing the protein expression of CTGF, α-SMA, and collagen and the activities of TGase and LOX. Moreover, orally administered imperatorin showed prophylactic effects on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Conclusion: Imperatorin reduces fibrotic marker expression in fibroblasts and also increases GDF15 secretion via the LKB1/AMPK/CREB pathway, attenuating pro-fibrotic responses in vitro. Imperatorin also alleviates pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chang Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Zhen Li
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Teng Wu
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Al-Mudares F, Cantu Gutierrez M, Cantu A, Jiang W, Wang L, Dong X, Moorthy B, Sajti E, Lingappan K. Loss of growth differentiation factor 15 exacerbates lung injury in neonatal mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L314-L326. [PMID: 37368978 PMCID: PMC10625832 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00086.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, and its expression increases under various stress conditions, including inflammation, hyperoxia, and senescence. GDF15 expression is increased in neonatal murine bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) models, and GDF15 loss exacerbates oxidative stress and decreases cellular viability in vitro. Our overall hypothesis is that the loss of GDF15 will exacerbate hyperoxic lung injury in the neonatal lung in vivo. We exposed neonatal Gdf15-/- mice and wild-type (WT) controls on a similar background to room air or hyperoxia (95% [Formula: see text]) for 5 days after birth. The mice were euthanized on postnatal day 21 (PND 21). Gdf15-/- mice had higher mortality and lower body weight than WT mice after exposure to hyperoxia. Hyperoxia exposure adversely impacted alveolarization and lung vascular development, with a greater impact in Gdf15-/- mice. Interestingly, Gdf15-/- mice showed lower macrophage count in the lungs compared with WT mice both under room air and after exposure to hyperoxia. Analysis of the lung transcriptome revealed marked divergence in gene expression and enriched biological pathways in WT and Gdf15-/- mice and differed markedly by biological sex. Notably, pathways related to macrophage activation and myeloid cell homeostasis were negatively enriched in Gdf15-/- mice. Loss of Gdf15 exacerbates mortality, lung injury, and the phenotype of the arrest of alveolarization in the developing lung with loss of female-sex advantage in Gdf15-/- mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show for the first time that loss of Gdf15 exacerbates mortality, lung injury, and the phenotype of the arrest of alveolarization in the developing lung with loss of female-sex advantage in Gdf15-/- mice. We also highlight the distinct pulmonary transcriptomic response in the Gdf15-/- lung including pathways related to macrophage recruitment and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeq Al-Mudares
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Manuel Cantu Gutierrez
- Divsion of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Abiud Cantu
- Divsion of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Weiwu Jiang
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Lihua Wang
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Bhagavatula Moorthy
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Eniko Sajti
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Krithika Lingappan
- Divsion of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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Xiong W, Li D, Feng Y, Jia C, Zhang X, Liu Z. CircLPAR1 Promotes Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in APP/PS1 Mice by Inhibiting SIRT1/Nrf-2/HO-1 Axis Through Destabilizing GDF-15 mRNA. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2236-2251. [PMID: 36646968 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNA LPAR1 (circLPAR1) was revealed to be elevated in Alzheimer's disease (AD); nevertheless, its role and mechanisms in AD remain unknown. Memory performance of APP/PS1 mice was assessed by Morris water maze test. Expression of circLPAR1 and indicated messenger RNA (mRNA) in mouse brain tissues or/and SH-SY5Y cells were tested by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Protein expression of indicated gene was examined by western blot. Production of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α; interleukin-6, IL-6; interleukin-1β, IL-1β; and interleukin-8, IL-8) and oxidative stress-related factors (reactive oxygen species, ROS; malondialdehyde, MDA; superoxide dismutase, SOD; and glutathione, GSH) were assessed by commercial kits. RNA pull down and RNA immunoprecipitation were performed to verify the interplay between up-frameshift protein 1 (UPF1) and circLPAR1 or growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15). CircLPAR1 was elevated, while GDF-15 was decreased in both APP/PS1 mice and Aβ-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Knockdown of circLPAR1 and overexpression of GDF-15 protected cells against Aβ-caused inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal apoptosis. CircLPAR1 knockdown was also proved to improve AD-related pathological traits and ameliorate cognitive dysfunctions in vivo. In mechanism, we found that circLPAR1 repressed GDF-15 expression by decreasing GDF-15 mRNA stability through UPF1 recruitment. Rescue assays suggested that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) knockdown reversed GDF-15 overexpression-induced inhibition on Aβ-induced neuronal damage and nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf-2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway inhibition. Moreover, the protective effect of circLPAR1 knockdown against Aβ-induced apoptosis was abolished by GDF-15 knockdown, and SIRT1 overexpression could counteract this effect of GDF-15 knockdown. CircLPAR1 knockdown improved AD-related pathological traits in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting SIRT1/Nrf-2/HO-1 axis through GDF-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenguang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Babalghith AO, Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, De Waard M, Sabatier JM, Saad HM, Batiha GES. The Potential Role of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in COVID-19: A Corollary Subjective Effect or Not? Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092051. [PMID: 36140453 PMCID: PMC9497461 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily caused by various forms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. COVID-19 is characterized by hyperinflammation, oxidative stress, multi-organ injury (MOI)-like acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Different biomarkers are used in the assessment of COVID-19 severity including D-dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Interestingly, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has recently become a potential biomarker correlated with the COVID-19 severity. Thus, this critical review aimed to determine the critical association between GDF15 and COVID-19. The perfect function of GDF15 remains not well-recognized; nevertheless, it plays a vital role in controlling cell growth, apoptosis and inflammatory activation. Furthermore, GDF15 may act as anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory signaling in diverse cardiovascular complications. Furthermore, the release of GDF15 is activated by various growth factors and cytokines including macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), angiotensin II (AngII) and p53. Therefore, higher expression of GDF15 in COVID-19 might a compensatory mechanism to stabilize and counteract dysregulated inflammatory reactions. In conclusion, GDF15 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that could be associated with the COVID-19 severity. Increased GDF15 could be a compensatory mechanism against hyperinflammation and exaggerated immune response in the COVID-19. Experimental, preclinical and large-scale clinical studies are warranted in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad O. Babalghith
- Medical Genetics Department, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad P.O. Box 14022, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad P.O. Box 14022, Iraq
| | - Michel De Waard
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 rue des Platanes, 38120 Saint-Egrève, France
- L’institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, F-44007 Nantes, France
- LabEx Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, F-06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7051, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Mersa Matruh 51744, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.M.S.); (G.E.-S.B.)
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.M.S.); (G.E.-S.B.)
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Deng M, Su D, Xiao N, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zong F, Li S, Wang J, Zhou D, Zhao Y, Yang H. Gdf15 deletion exacerbates acute lung injuries induced by intratracheal inoculation of aerosolized ricin in mice. Toxicology 2022; 469:153135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rochette L, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. GDF15: an emerging modulator of immunity and a strategy in COVID-19 in association with iron metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:875-889. [PMID: 34593305 PMCID: PMC8423996 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 encodes the structural proteins spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N). The receptor-binding domain on the surface subunit S1 is responsible for attachment of the virus to angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is highly expressed in host cells. The cytokine storm observed in patients with COVID-19 contributes to the endothelial vascular dysfunction, which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan failure, alteration in iron homeostasis, and death. Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), which belongs to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of proteins, has a pivotal role in the development and progression of diseases because of its role as a metabolic regulator. In COVID-19, GDF15 activity increases in response to tissue damage. GDF15 appears to be a strong predictor of poor outcomes in patients critically ill with COVID-19 and acts as an 'inflammation-induced central mediator of tissue tolerance' via its metabolic properties. In this review, we examine the potential properties of GDF15 as an emerging modulator of immunity in COVID-19 in association with iron metabolism. The virus life cycle in host cell provides potential targets for drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases Research Unit (PEC2, EA 7460), University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, 21079 Dijon, France.
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases Research Unit (PEC2, EA 7460), University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Yves Cottin
- Cardiology Unit, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases Research Unit (PEC2, EA 7460), University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, 21079 Dijon, France
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11
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Zhu HZ, Zhang LY, Zhai ME, Xia L, Cao Y, Xu L, Li KF, Jiang LQ, Shi H, Li X, Zhou YN, Ding W, Wang DX, Gao EH, Liu JC, Yu SQ, Duan WX. GDF11 Alleviates Pathological Myocardial Remodeling in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Through SIRT1-Dependent Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686848. [PMID: 34262905 PMCID: PMC8273395 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily that alleviates cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, and vascular injury by regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell survival. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of GDF11 in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) remain largely unknown. In this study, we sought to determine whether GDF11 could prevent DCM. After establishing a mouse model of diabetes by administering a high-fat diet and streptozotocin, intramyocardial injection of an adeno-associated virus was used to achieve myocardium-specific GDF11 overexpression. GDF11 remarkably improved cardiac dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species and protecting against cardiomyocyte loss. Mechanistically, decreased sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression and activity were observed in diabetic mice, which was significantly increased after GDF11 overexpression. To further explore how SIRT1 mediates the role of GDF11, the selective inhibitor EX527 was used to block SIRT1 signaling pathway, which abolished the protective effects of GDF11 against DCM. In vitro studies confirmed that GDF11 protected against H9c2 cell injury in high glucose and palmitate by attenuating oxidative injury and apoptosis, and these effects were eliminated by SIRT1 depletion. Our results demonstrate for the first time that GDF11 protects against DCM by regulating SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Zhao Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Yun Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng-En Zhai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai-Feng Li
- Basic Medical Teaching Experiment Center, Basic Medical College, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Qing Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Heng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye-Nong Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong-Xu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Er-He Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jin-Cheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei-Xun Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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12
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Zhao X, Zhao B, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Qian M. Protective effect of anisodamine on bleomycin-induced acute lung injury in immature rats via modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell apoptosis by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:859. [PMID: 34164493 PMCID: PMC8184412 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Pediatric acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the most common causes of infant mortality. Although lung-protective strategies have developed in recent years, no ALI treatment is currently available. Anisodamine (Ani) is a common drug used to treat gastrointestinal smooth muscle spasm. The protective effects of Ani against acute kidney injury and myocardial injury have been reported. However, the efficacy of Ani on bleomycin (BLM)-induced ALI has not been examined previously. In the present study, we aimed to examine the effects of Ani on bleomycin (BLM)-induced ALI on immature rats. Methods The ALI rat model was established by intratracheally administration of BLM. Ani treatment was performed by an intravenous injection at different concentrations. The lung function of each rat was measured, and then lung tissue structures, apoptosis, and collagen deposition were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated digoxigenin-dUTP nick-end labeling assay, and Masson’s staining, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of inflammatory cytokines. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins and fibrosis-related markers was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and/or Western blot analysis. Finally, the expression levels of Janus tyrosine kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were determined. Results Our findings indicated that lung function was remarkably decreased in BLM-induced rats, which could be reversed by Ani. Ani treatment increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes, decreased the apoptotic rate and apoptosis-related proteins, and downregulated the expression of fibrosis-related markers. Additionally, Ani treatment also attenuated inflammatory response and suppressed the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that Ani had potent activity against BLM-induced ALI in immature rats through inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Our findings provide supporting evidence to further investigate the therapeutic effect of Ani against ALI in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yinghao Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Qian
- Department of Neonatology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Saeedi-Boroujeni A, Mahmoudian-Sani MR. Anti-inflammatory potential of Quercetin in COVID-19 treatment. J Inflamm (Lond) 2021; 18:3. [PMID: 33509217 PMCID: PMC7840793 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-021-00268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a betacoronavirus causing severe inflammatory pneumonia, so that excessive inflammation is considered a risk factor for the disease. According to reports, cytokine storm is strongly responsible for death in such patients. Some of the consequences of severe inflammation and cytokine storms include acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute lung injury, and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. Phylogenetic findings show more similarity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus with bat coronaviruses, and less with SARS-CoV. Quercetin is a carbohydrate-free flavonoid that is the most abundant flavonoid in vegetables and fruits and has been the most studied to determine the biological effects of flavonoids. Inflammasomes are cytosolic multi-protein complexes assembling in response to cytosolic PAMP and DAMPs, whose function is to generate active forms of cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Activation or inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome is affected by regulators such as TXNIP, SIRT1 and NRF2. Quercetin suppresses the NLRP3 inflammasome by affecting these regulators. Quercetin, as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic and inflammatory compound, is probably a potential treatment for severe inflammation and one of the main life-threatening conditions in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saeedi-Boroujeni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical, Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
- ImmunologyToday, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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14
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Yang F, Yan J, Lu Y, Wang D, Liu L, Wang Z. MicroRNA-499-5p targets SIRT1 to aggravate lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Free Radic Res 2020; 55:71-82. [PMID: 33307898 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1863393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening disease without effective and specific therapeutic strategies except the life-supporting treatments. Inflammation and oxidative stress are essential for the progression of ALI. MicroRNA-499-5p (miR-499-5p) has multiple pathophysiological actions; however, its function and mechanisms in ALI remain elusive. Mice were intravenously injected with miR-499-5p agomir, antagomir or the negative controls for 3 consecutive days and then received a single intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg) to generate ALI model. Twenty four hours prior to LPS injection, EX-527 (1 mg/kg) was applied to inhibit SIRT1 activity. We identified a significant upregulation of miR-499-5p in LPS-treated lung tissues. miR-499-5p antagomir prevented, while miR-499-5p agomir promoted inflammation, oxidative stress and ALI in LPS-treated mice. Further studies indicated that miR-499-5p directly bound to the 3'-untranslated region of Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and decreased its protein level. SIRT1 inhibition blocked miR-499-5p antagomir-mediated pulmonary protection against LPS injury. miR-499-5p targets SIRT1 to aggravate LPS-induced ALI and it is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University), Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University), Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University), Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Dengyun Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University), Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University), Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengjun Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University), Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, Hubei, China
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15
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Al-Mudares F, Reddick S, Ren J, Venkatesh A, Zhao C, Lingappan K. Role of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Lung Disease and Senescence: Potential Role Across the Lifespan. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:594137. [PMID: 33344478 PMCID: PMC7744305 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.594137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) is a divergent member of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily and is ubiquitously expressed, under normal physiological conditions. GDF15 expression increases during many pathological states and serves a marker of cellular stress. GDF15 has multiple and even paradoxical roles within a pathological condition, as its effects can be dose- and time-dependent and vary based on the targeted tissues and downstream pathways. GDF15 has emerged as one of the most recognized proteins as part of the senescence associated secretory phenotype. Cellular senescence plays a major role in many lung diseases across the life-span from bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the premature neonate to COPD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in aged adults. GDF15 levels have been reported to be as a useful biomarker in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung fibrosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension and predict disease severity, decline in lung function and mortality. Glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha-like (GFRAL) in the brain stem has been identified as the only validated GDF15 receptor and mediates GDF15-mediated anorexia and wasting. The mechanisms and pathways by which GDF15 exerts its pulmonary effects are being elucidated. GDF15 may also have an impact on the lung based on the changes in circulating levels or through the central action of GDF15 activating peripheral metabolic changes. This review focuses on the role of GDF15 in different lung diseases across the lifespan and its role in cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeq Al-Mudares
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Jenny Ren
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Candi Zhao
- Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Krithika Lingappan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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16
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Yan J, Yang F, Wang D, Lu Y, Liu L, Wang Z. MicroRNA-217 modulates inflammation, oxidative stress, and lung injury in septic mice via SIRT1. Free Radic Res 2020; 55:1-10. [PMID: 33207945 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1852234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to the initiation and progression of septic lung injury. MicroRNA-217 (miR-217) is proved to be involved in controlling inflammatory response and oxidative stress, yet its role and underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of septic lung injury remain elusive. Caecal ligation and puncture surgery were performed to generate sepsis in vivo and mice were kept for 12 h to imitate septic lung injury. Next, mice were administrated with miR-217 antagomir or agomir to decrease or increase the expression of miR-217 in lung tissue. Moreover, primary peritoneal macrophages were separated and incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to further verify the role of miR-217 in vitro. miR-217 was upregulated in septic lungs and primary macrophages. miR-217 antagomir alleviated, whereas miR-217 agomir aggravated inflammation and oxidative stress in septic mice and LPS-stimulated macrophages. Further detection identified SIRT1 was responsible for miR-217 antagomir-mediated anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, and SIRT1 inhibition abolished the beneficial effects of miR-217 antagomir in vivo and in vitro. Our data defined miR-217 as a therapeutic target for treating septic lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University), Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University), Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Dengyun Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University), Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University), Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University), Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengjun Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University), Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, Hubei, China
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