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Zygogianni A, Koukourakis IM, Liakouli Z, Desse D, Georgakopoulos I, Armpilia C, Lymperopoulou G, Kouloulias V. Low-Burden Oligometastatic Disease of the Lung Treated with Robotic Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy: A Retrospective Study. Biomedicines 2025; 13:517. [PMID: 40002930 PMCID: PMC11853336 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13020517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2025] [Revised: 02/16/2025] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The lung is the most common site of metastases, regardless of the cancer subtype. Treating oligometastatic disease with surgery or stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) may improve patient survival. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 41 patients with limited (one or two lesions, max dimension <3 cm) lung-only metastatic disease that were treated with the CK M6 robotic radiosurgery system in our Department, in terms of treatment efficacy and toxicity. Results: Acute and late toxicity was negligible (4 out of 41 patients developed grade 2 or 3 lung fibrosis). Six months post-SABR, complete response was achieved in 18 out of 41 patients (43.9%), while the rest of the cases exhibited major responses. A biological effective dose (BEDα/β=10) in the range of 100 Gy appears to be equally effective with higher doses. Within a median follow-up of 34 months, only three patients (7.3%) progressed locally, while three patients progressed to distal sites. Two-year local progression-free survival (LPFS) rates were 92.6% (95% CI 78.5-97%). Conclusions: SABR for low-burden lung oligometastases is an effective treatment modality that yields high local control and survival rates. Toxicity is negligible, regardless of the performance status of patients. Early referral of such patients to radiation oncology departments may be critical for patient survival and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zygogianni
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Aretaieion Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.Z.); (Z.L.); (I.G.); (C.A.); (G.L.)
| | - Ioannis M. Koukourakis
- Department of Clinical Radiation Oncology, Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (I.M.K.); (D.D.)
| | - Zoi Liakouli
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Aretaieion Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.Z.); (Z.L.); (I.G.); (C.A.); (G.L.)
| | - Dimitra Desse
- Department of Clinical Radiation Oncology, Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (I.M.K.); (D.D.)
| | - Ioannis Georgakopoulos
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Aretaieion Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.Z.); (Z.L.); (I.G.); (C.A.); (G.L.)
| | - Christina Armpilia
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Aretaieion Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.Z.); (Z.L.); (I.G.); (C.A.); (G.L.)
| | - Georgia Lymperopoulou
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Aretaieion Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.Z.); (Z.L.); (I.G.); (C.A.); (G.L.)
| | - Vasileios Kouloulias
- Department of Clinical Radiation Oncology, Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (I.M.K.); (D.D.)
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Shi Z, Hu C, Liu J, Cheng W, Chen X, Liu X, Bao Y, Tian H, Yu B, Gao F, Ye F, Jin X, Sun C, Li Q. Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals the Role of Radiation-Induced Stemness-Responsive Cancer Cells in the Development of Radioresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:1433. [PMID: 40003899 PMCID: PMC11855645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26041433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2025] [Revised: 01/29/2025] [Accepted: 02/04/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Increased stemness of cancer cells exacerbates radioresistance, thereby greatly limiting the efficacy of radiotherapy. In order to study the changes in cancer cell stemness during radiotherapy, we established a radioresistance model of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells and obtained A549 radioresistant cells (A549-RR). We sampled the cells at different time points during the modeling process and investigated the heterogeneity of each group of cells using single-cell sequencing. Cells in the early stages of fractionated irradiation were found to be significantly up-regulated in stemness, and a subpopulation of cells producing this response was screened and referred to as "radiation-induced stemness-responsive cancer cells". They were undergoing stemness response, energy metabolism reprogramming, and progressively differentiating into cells with more diverse and malignant phenotypes in order to attenuate the killing effect of radiation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that such responses might be driven by the activation of the EGFR-Hippo signaling pathway axis, which also plays a crucial role in the development of radioresistance. Our study reveals the dynamic evolution of cell subpopulation in cancer cells during fractionated radiotherapy; the early stage of irradiation can determine the destiny of the radiation-induced stemness-responsive cancer cells. The activation of stemness-like phenotypes during the development of radioresistance is not the result of dose accumulation but occurs during the early stage of radiotherapy with relatively low-dose irradiation. The degree of the radiation-induced stemness response of cancer cells mediated by the EGFR-Hippo signaling pathway might be a potential predictor of the efficacy of radiotherapy and the development of radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Shi
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.S.); (C.H.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Y.B.); (H.T.); (B.Y.); (F.G.); (F.Y.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Medicine Research, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Biopharmaceutical and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Cuilan Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.S.); (C.H.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Y.B.); (H.T.); (B.Y.); (F.G.); (F.Y.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Medicine Research, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Jiadi Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.S.); (C.H.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Y.B.); (H.T.); (B.Y.); (F.G.); (F.Y.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Medicine Research, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.S.); (C.H.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Y.B.); (H.T.); (B.Y.); (F.G.); (F.Y.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Medicine Research, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.S.); (C.H.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Y.B.); (H.T.); (B.Y.); (F.G.); (F.Y.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Medicine Research, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xiongxiong Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.S.); (C.H.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Y.B.); (H.T.); (B.Y.); (F.G.); (F.Y.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Medicine Research, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yanyu Bao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.S.); (C.H.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Y.B.); (H.T.); (B.Y.); (F.G.); (F.Y.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Medicine Research, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Haidong Tian
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.S.); (C.H.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Y.B.); (H.T.); (B.Y.); (F.G.); (F.Y.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Medicine Research, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Boyi Yu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.S.); (C.H.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Y.B.); (H.T.); (B.Y.); (F.G.); (F.Y.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Medicine Research, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Feifei Gao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.S.); (C.H.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Y.B.); (H.T.); (B.Y.); (F.G.); (F.Y.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Medicine Research, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.S.); (C.H.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Y.B.); (H.T.); (B.Y.); (F.G.); (F.Y.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Medicine Research, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.S.); (C.H.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Y.B.); (H.T.); (B.Y.); (F.G.); (F.Y.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Medicine Research, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.S.); (C.H.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Y.B.); (H.T.); (B.Y.); (F.G.); (F.Y.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Medicine Research, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.S.); (C.H.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Y.B.); (H.T.); (B.Y.); (F.G.); (F.Y.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Medicine Research, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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Ye W, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Wang F, Chen W. Farnesoid X Receptor Attenuates the Tumorigenicity of Liver Cancer Stem Cells by Inhibiting STAT3 Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:1122. [PMID: 39940889 PMCID: PMC11817294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26031122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2024] [Revised: 01/16/2025] [Accepted: 01/20/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has recently been identified as being closely associated with the progression of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role in tumor initiation, progression, invasion, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. The elucidation of the role and regulatory mechanism of FXR in CSCs is therefore deemed significant. Here, bioinformatics analysis has revealed a downregulation of FXR in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which showed a negative correlation with HCC malignancy. This result was further confirmed through clinical sample analysis. Subsequently, CSCs were isolated from HCC cell lines and exhibited a significant decrease in the expression of FXR. The activation of FXR resulted in a remarkable inhibition of the proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenicity of CSCs. Furthermore, activated FXR prominently upregulated the expression of SOCS3 while suppressing STAT3 phosphorylation in CSCs. To further investigate this discovery, we established a DEN-induced HCC model in mice and observed that FXR-deficient mice exhibited heightened susceptibility to HCC. This was accompanied by decreased expression levels of SOCS3 and elevated expression and phosphorylation levels of STAT3, as well as significantly enhanced HCC CSCs markers and stemness-related genes expression in DEN-induced HCC tissues of FXR-deficient mice. Additionally, we also found a significant upregulation of CSCs markers and stemness-related genes within HCC clinical samples. Based on these findings, we postulated that targeted regulation of SOCS3 by FXR inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation, thereby exerting an inhibitory effect on CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yahan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Fengling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
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Koch DT, Schirren M, Jacobi S, Nieß H, Renz BW, Werner J, Guba MO, Koliogiannis D. Impact of Hypothermic Oxygenated Machine Perfusion on Immune Cell Clearance in Liver Transplantation: Enhancing Graft Function and Post-Transplant Outcomes. J Clin Med 2024; 14:127. [PMID: 39797210 PMCID: PMC11721044 DOI: 10.3390/jcm14010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2024] [Revised: 12/23/2024] [Accepted: 12/27/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion (HOPE) has emerged as a critical innovation in liver transplantation (LTx), offering significant protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). This study focuses on quantifying and characterizing immune cells flushed out during HOPE to explore its effects on graft function and post-transplant outcomes. Materials and Methods: Fifty liver grafts underwent end-ischemic HOPE. Perfusate samples were collected at three time points: at the start of perfusion, after 10 min, and at the end of perfusion. The samples were analyzed to quantify and characterize immune cells, assessing the effectiveness of HOPE in reducing cellular debris and its impact on graft quality. Results: The primary perfusate contained significant concentrations of immune cells, mainly segmented neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. After 10 min of perfusion, outflow cell concentration decreased by over 95%, and by the end of perfusion, a more than 99% reduction was observed. Conclusions: HOPE effectively reduces immune cell concentrations in liver grafts, suggesting a mechanism for improved graft function and reduced post-transplant complications. These findings support the continued use and optimization of HOPE in LTx.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dionysios Koliogiannis
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (D.T.K.)
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Shahid A, Chambers S, Scott-Thomas A, Bhatia M. Gut Microbiota and Liver Dysfunction in Sepsis: The Role of Inflammatory Mediators and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:13415. [PMID: 39769181 PMCID: PMC11678143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252413415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2024] [Revised: 12/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening complication caused by an uncontrolled immune response to infection that can lead to multi-organ dysfunction, including liver injury. Recent research has shown the critical role of gut microbiota in sepsis pathogenesis, with the gut-liver axis playing a crucial role in disease progression. Mechanisms such as the disruption of the gut barrier and liver injury pathways mediated by cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, hydrogen sulfide (H2S). and substance P (SP) have been the focus of recent studies. Some potential biomarkers and gut microbiota-targeted therapies have shown promise as emerging tools for predicting and managing sepsis. This review describes the role of the gut-liver axis in sepsis and the potential of microbiota-targeted therapies and biomarker-driven interventions to improve sepsis outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (A.S.); (S.C.); (A.S.-T.)
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Kim B. MicroRNA Profiling of PRELI-Modulated Exosomes and Effects on Hepatic Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:13299. [PMID: 39769068 PMCID: PMC11678812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252413299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2024] [Revised: 12/08/2024] [Accepted: 12/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer have heightened the demand for the development of effective anticancer drugs with minimal side effects. In this study, the roles of exosomes derived from liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) with PRELI (Protein of Relevant Evolutionary and Lymphoid Interest) modulation and their miRNAs were investigated to explore their therapeutic properties for liver cancer. Various techniques, such as miRNA profiling, microRNA transfection, overexpression, flow cytometry, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry, were used to evaluate the effects of exosomes under PRELI up- and downregulation. Downregulated PRELI cellular exosomes (DPEs) reduced the levels of five markers-CD133, CD90, CD24, CD13, and EpCAM-in LCSCs, with the exception of OV-6. Conversely, upregulated PRELI cellular exosomes (UPEs) significantly increased the expression of CD90, CD24, and CD133 in NHs, with the maximum increase in CD24. PRELI upregulation altered expression levels of miRNAs, including hsa-miR-378a-3p (involved in stem-like properties), hsa-miR-25-3p (contributing to cell proliferation), and hsa-miR-423-3p (driving invasiveness). Exosomes with downregulated PRELI inhibited the AKT/mTORC1 signaling pathway, whereas LCSCs transfected with the candidate miRNAs activated it. Additionally, under PRELI upregulation, exosomes showed increased surface marker expression, promoting cancer progression. The modulation of PRELI in LCSCs affected miRNA expression significantly, revealing candidate miRNA targets for liver cancer treatment. Exosomes with PRELI downregulation show potential as a novel therapeutic strategy. Consequently, this study proposes the potential of PRELI-induced exosomes and the three miRNAs as a liver anticancer therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyong Kim
- EVERBIO, 131, Jukhyeon-gil, Gwanghyewon-myeon, Jincheon-gun 27809, Republic of Korea
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Monge C, Francés R, Marchio A, Pineau P, Desterke C, Mata-Garrido J. Characterization of an Activated Metabolic Transcriptional Program in Hepatoblastoma Tumor Cells Using scRNA-seq. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:13044. [PMID: 39684755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252313044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2024] [Revised: 11/28/2024] [Accepted: 11/29/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver malignancy in children, with metabolic reprogramming playing a critical role in its progression due to the liver's intrinsic metabolic functions. Enhanced glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and fatty acid synthesis have been implicated in hepatoblastoma cell proliferation and survival. In this study, we screened for altered overexpression of metabolic enzymes in hepatoblastoma tumors at tissue and single-cell levels, establishing and validating a hepatoblastoma tumor expression metabolic score using machine learning. Starting from the Mammalian Metabolic Enzyme Database, bulk RNA sequencing data from GSE104766 and GSE131329 datasets were analyzed using supervised methods to compare tumors versus adjacent liver tissue. Differential expression analysis identified 287 significantly regulated enzymes, 59 of which were overexpressed in tumors. Functional enrichment in the KEGG metabolic database highlighted a network enriched in amino acid metabolism, as well as carbohydrate, steroid, one-carbon, purine, and glycosaminoglycan metabolism pathways. A metabolic score based on these enzymes was validated in an independent cohort (GSE131329) and applied to single-cell transcriptomic data (GSE180665), predicting tumor cell status with an AUC of 0.98 (sensitivity 0.93, specificity 0.94). Elasticnet model tuning on individual marker expression revealed top tumor predictive markers, including FKBP10, ATP1A2, NT5DC2, UGT3A2, PYCR1, CKB, GPX7, DNMT3B, GSTP1, and OXCT1. These findings indicate that an activated metabolic transcriptional program, potentially influencing epigenetic functions, is observed in hepatoblastoma tumors and confirmed at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Monge
- Unité Organisation Nucléaire et Oncogenèse, INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Raquel Francés
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Agnès Marchio
- Unité Organisation Nucléaire et Oncogenèse, INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Pineau
- Unité Organisation Nucléaire et Oncogenèse, INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Desterke
- Faculté de Médecine du Kremlin Bicêtre, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jorge Mata-Garrido
- Unité Organisation Nucléaire et Oncogenèse, INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
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Gao Z, Dai H, Zhang Q, Yang F, Bu C, Chen S. Hydroxytyrosol Alleviates Acute Liver Injury by Inhibiting the TNF-α/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway via Targeting TNF-α Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12844. [PMID: 39684555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252312844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2024] [Revised: 11/25/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) is an injury to liver tissue caused by viruses, drugs, alcohol, and oxygen deprivation, and is one of the most common and serious clinical disorders. Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound isolated from forsythia and has excellent anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect and mechanisms of HT in ALI remain unclear. We used the LPS/D-GalN induced experimental ALI mouse model and AML12 cells to reveal the efficacy and potential mechanisms of HT in ALI, and HE staining was used for the evaluation of pathologies. A biochemical assay was used to detect changes in liver function, RNA-seq was conducted to reveal the underlying mechanisms of HT for ALI, and WB, RT-qPCR, and IF were used to assess the effects of HT action. Furthermore, an in vitro ALI model against HT in AML12 cells induced by LPS/D-GalN was used to assess the HT protection mechanism. HT significant alleviated LPS/D-GalN-induced ALI in the mice by suppressing inflammatory. In terms of RNA-seq, HT improved the TNF, ECM-receptor interaction, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and it downregulated the mRNA levels of VCAM-1, CXCL5, TNF-α and IL-6 in the liver. Mechanically, HT alleviated LPS/D-GalN in the mice by targeting TNF-α, thereby inhibiting the TNF-α/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhining Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Haoyang Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qinqin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chenxi Bu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Suiqing Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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9
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Gajos-Michniewicz A, Czyz M. Therapeutic Potential of Natural Compounds to Modulate WNT/β-Catenin Signaling in Cancer: Current State of Art and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12804. [PMID: 39684513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252312804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2024] [Revised: 11/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies and immunotherapies have improved the clinical outcome of cancer patients; however, the efficacy of treatment remains frequently limited due to low predictability of response and development of drug resistance. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies for various cancer types are needed. Current research emphasizes the potential therapeutic value of targeting WNT/β-catenin dependent signaling that is deregulated in various cancer types. Targeting the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway with diverse synthetic and natural agents is the subject of a number of preclinical studies and clinical trials for cancer patients. The usage of nature-derived agents is attributed to their health benefits, reduced toxicity and side effects compared to synthetic agents. The review summarizes preclinical studies and ongoing clinical trials that aim to target components of the WNT/β-catenin pathway across a diverse spectrum of cancer types, highlighting their potential to improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gajos-Michniewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Czyz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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10
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Feng J, Zhang X, Tian T. Mathematical Modeling and Inference of Epidermal Growth Factor-Induced Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cell Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10204. [PMID: 39337687 PMCID: PMC11432143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important intracellular signaling cascade that plays a key role in various cellular processes. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of this pathway is essential for developing effective interventions and targeted therapies for related diseases. Recent advances in single-cell proteomic technologies have provided unprecedented opportunities to investigate the heterogeneity and noise within complex, multi-signaling networks across diverse cells and cell types. Mathematical modeling has become a powerful interdisciplinary tool that bridges mathematics and experimental biology, providing valuable insights into these intricate cellular processes. In addition, statistical methods have been developed to infer pathway topologies and estimate unknown parameters within dynamic models. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of how mathematical modeling of the MAPK pathway deepens our understanding of its regulatory mechanisms, enhances the prediction of system behavior, and informs experimental research, with a particular focus on recent advances in modeling and inference using single-cell proteomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Feng
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Xinan Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Tianhai Tian
- School of Mathematics, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
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11
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Tseilikman VE, Tseilikman OB, Shevyrin VA, Yegorov ON, Epitashvili AA, Aristov MR, Karpenko MN, Lipatov IA, Pashkov AA, Shamshurin MV, Buksha IA, Shonina AK, Kolesnikova A, Shatilov VA, Zhukov MS, Novak J. Unraveling the Liver-Brain Axis: Resveratrol's Modulation of Key Enzymes in Stress-Related Anxiety. Biomedicines 2024; 12:2063. [PMID: 39335576 PMCID: PMC11428544 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12092063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress-related anxiety disorders and anxiety-like behavior in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with altered neurocircuitry pathways, neurotransmitter systems, and the activities of monoamine and glucocorticoid-metabolizing enzymes. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, is recognized for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antipsychiatric properties. Previous studies suggest that resveratrol reduces anxiety-like behavior in animal PTSD models by downregulating key enzymes such as 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD-1) and monoamine oxidases (MAOs). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we explored the efficacy of resveratrol in treating stress-induced anxiety using a chronic predator stress model in rats. Resveratrol was administered intraperitoneally at 100 mg/kg following a 10-day stress exposure, and anxiety behavior was assessed with an elevated plus maze. Our results indicated that stress-related anxiety correlated with increased activities of brain MAO-A, MAO-B, and hepatic 11β-HSD-1, alongside elevated oxidative stress markers in the brain and liver. Resveratrol treatment improved anxiety behavior and decreased enzyme activities, oxidative stress, and hepatic damage. We demonstrate that resveratrol exerts antianxiogenic effects by modulating glucocorticoid and monoamine metabolism in the brain and liver. These findings suggest resveratrol's potential as a therapeutic agent for anxiety disorders, warranting further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim E. Tseilikman
- Scientific and Educational Center ‘Biomedical Technologies’, School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Olga B. Tseilikman
- Scientific and Educational Center ‘Biomedical Technologies’, School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Vadim A. Shevyrin
- Research, Educational and Innovative Center of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technologies Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Oleg N. Yegorov
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | | | - Maxim R. Aristov
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Marina N. Karpenko
- Pavlov Department of Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya A. Lipatov
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Anton A. Pashkov
- Federal Neurosurgical Center, 630048 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Data Collection and Processing Systems, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630048 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Shamshurin
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Irina A. Buksha
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Anna K. Shonina
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Alexandra Kolesnikova
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Vladislav A. Shatilov
- Scientific and Educational Center ‘Biomedical Technologies’, School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Maxim S. Zhukov
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Jurica Novak
- Center for Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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12
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Piper AK, Penney C, Holliday J, Tincknell G, Ma Y, Napaki S, Pantel K, Brungs D, Ranson M. EGFR and PI3K Signalling Pathways as Promising Targets on Circulating Tumour Cells from Patients with Metastatic Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5565. [PMID: 38791602 PMCID: PMC11122469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma (mGAC) remains poor. Gene alterations in receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and their downstream effectors including catalytic subunit alpha of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIK3CA) are common in mGAC. Targeted RTK and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) treatments have demonstrated clinical benefits in other solid tumours and are key potential targets for clinical development against mGAC given the presence of recurrent alterations in these pathways. Furthermore, combination RTK/PI3K treatments may overcome compensatory mechanisms that arise using monotherapies, leading to improved patient outcomes. Herein, we investigated RTK/PI3K single and combination drug responses against our unique human mGAC-derived PIK3CA gain-of-function mutant, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, EGFR-expressing circulating tumour cell line, UWG02CTC, under two- and three-dimensional culture conditions to model different stages of metastasis. UWG02CTCs were highly responsive to the PI3K p110α-subunit targeted drugs PIK-75 (IC50 = 37.0 ± 11.1 nM) or alpelisib (7.05 ± 3.7 µM). Drug sensitivities were significantly increased in 3D conditions. Compensatory MAPK/ERK pathway upregulation by PI3K/Akt suppression was overcome by combination treatment with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib, which was strongly synergistic. PIK-75 plus gefitinib significantly impaired UWG02CTC invasion in an organotypic assay. In conclusion, UWG02CTCs are a powerful ex vivo mGAC drug responsiveness model revealing EGFR/PI3K-targeted drugs as a promising combination treatment option for HER2-negative, RAS wild-type mGAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Piper
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Chelsea Penney
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Holliday
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Gary Tincknell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Yafeng Ma
- Centre for Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics & Research at the Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South-Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Sarbar Napaki
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Department of Pathology, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Institute for Tumor Biology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Brungs
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Department of Pathology, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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13
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Hang Z, Rouyi C, Sen L. Genetic evidence strengthens the connection between gut microbiota and gingivitis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1380209. [PMID: 38812751 PMCID: PMC11133616 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1380209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The oral cavity and gut tract, being interconnected and rich in microbiota, may have a shared influence on gingivitis. However, the specific role of distinct gut microbiota taxa in gingivitis remains unexplored. Utilizing Mendelian Randomization (MR) as an ideal method for causal inference avoiding reverse causality and potential confounding factors, we conducted a comprehensive two-sample MR study to uncover the potential genetic causal impact of gut microbiota on gingivitis. Methods Instrumental variables were chosen from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with 418 gut microbiota taxa, involving 14,306 individuals. Gingivitis, with 4,120 cases and 195,395 controls, served as the outcome. Causal effects were assessed using random-effect inverse variance-weighted, weighted median, and MR-Egger methods. For replication and meta-analysis, gingivitis data from IEU OpenGWAS were employed. Sensitivity analyses included Cochran's Q tests, funnel plots, leave-one-out analyses, and MR-Egger intercept tests. This study aimed to assess the genetic correlation between the genetically predicted gut microbiota and gingivitis using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC). Results Three gut microbiota taxa (class Actinobacteria id.419, family Defluviitaleaceae id.1924, genus Defluviitaleaceae UCG011 id.11287) are predicted to causally contribute to an increased risk of gingivitis (P< 0.05). Additionally, four gut microbiota taxa (class Actinobacteria id.419, genus Escherichia Shigella id.3504, genus Ruminococcaceae UCG002 id.11360) potentially exhibit inhibitory causal effects on the risk of gingivitis (P< 0.05). No significant evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy is detected. Our findings indicate a suggestive genetic correlation between class Actinobacteria id.419, class Bacteroidia id.912, family Defluviitaleaceae id.1924, genus Escherichia Shigella id.3504 and gingivitis. Conclusion Our study establishes the genetic causal effect of 418 gut microbiota taxa on gingivitis, offering insights for clinical interventions targeting gingivitis. Subsequent research endeavors are essential to corroborate the findings of our present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Hang
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chen Rouyi
- The 1 School of Medicine, School of Information and Engineering, The 1 Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Sen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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14
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Niu C, Zhang J, Okolo PI. Liver cancer wars: plant-derived polyphenols strike back. Med Oncol 2024; 41:116. [PMID: 38625672 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Liver cancer currently represents the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The majority of liver cancer arises in the context of chronic inflammation and cirrhosis. Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy have been the guideline-recommended treatment options for decades. Despite enormous advances in the field of liver cancer therapy, an effective cure is yet to be found. Plant-derived polyphenols constitute a large family of phytochemicals, with pleiotropic effects and little toxicity. They can drive cellular events and modify multiple signaling pathways which involves initiation, progression and metastasis of liver cancer and play an important role in contributing to anti-liver cancer drug development. The potential of plant-derived polyphenols for treating liver cancer has gained attention from research clinicians and pharmaceutical scientists worldwide in the last decades. This review overviews hepatic carcinogenesis and briefly discusses anti-liver cancer mechanisms associated with plant-derived polyphenols, specifically involving cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and metastasis. We focus on plant-derived polyphenols with experiment-based chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties against liver cancer and generalize their basic molecular mechanisms of action. We also discuss potential opportunities and challenges in translating plant-derived polyphenols from preclinical success into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengu Niu
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Rochester General Hospital, 1425 Portland Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14621, USA.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Rainier Springs Behavioral Health Hospital, 2805 NE 129th St, Vancouver, WA, 98686, USA
| | - Patrick I Okolo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, 14621, USA
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15
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Agioti S, Zaravinos A. Immune Cytolytic Activity and Strategies for Therapeutic Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3624. [PMID: 38612436 PMCID: PMC11011457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral immune cytolytic activity (CYT), calculated as the geometric mean of granzyme-A (GZMA) and perforin-1 (PRF1) expression, has emerged as a critical factor in cancer immunotherapy, with significant implications for patient prognosis and treatment outcomes. Immune checkpoint pathways, the composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME), antigen presentation, and metabolic pathways regulate CYT. Here, we describe the various methods with which we can assess CYT. The detection and analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) using flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry provide important information about immune cell populations within the TME. Gene expression profiling and spatial analysis techniques, such as multiplex immunofluorescence and imaging mass cytometry allow the study of CYT in the context of the TME. We discuss the significant clinical implications that CYT has, as its increased levels are associated with positive clinical outcomes and a favorable prognosis. Moreover, CYT can be used as a prognostic biomarker and aid in patient stratification. Altering CYT through the different methods targeting it, offers promising paths for improving treatment responses. Overall, understanding and modulating CYT is critical for improving cancer immunotherapy. Research into CYT and the factors that influence it has the potential to transform cancer treatment and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Agioti
- Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus;
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
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16
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Becht R, Kiełbowski K, Wasilewicz MP. New Opportunities in the Systemic Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Today and Tomorrow. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1456. [PMID: 38338736 PMCID: PMC10855889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. Liver cirrhosis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease represent major risk factors of HCC. Multiple different treatment options are available, depending on the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) algorithm. Systemic treatment is reserved for certain patients in stages B and C, who will not benefit from regional treatment methods. In the last fifteen years, the arsenal of available therapeutics has largely expanded, which improved treatment outcomes. Nevertheless, not all patients respond to these agents and novel combinations and drugs are needed. In this review, we aim to summarize the pathway of trials investigating the safety and efficacy of targeted therapeutics and immunotherapies since the introduction of sorafenib. Furthermore, we discuss the current evidence regarding resistance mechanisms and potential novel targets in the treatment of advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Becht
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Chemotherapy and Cancer Immunotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (R.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Chemotherapy and Cancer Immunotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (R.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Michał P. Wasilewicz
- Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
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17
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Iwabuchi S, Takahashi K, Kawaguchi K, Nagatsu A, Imafuku T, Shichino S, Matsushima K, Taketomi A, Honda M, Hashimoto S. Phospholipase A2 Group IIA Is Associated with Inflammatory Hepatocellular Adenoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:159. [PMID: 38201587 PMCID: PMC10778238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Although benign hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) are very rare, recent observations have shown their occurrence in patients with diabetes mellitus. Consequently, most of these cases are treated by resection due to concerns regarding their potential progression to hepatocarcinoma (HCC). This decision is largely driven by the limited number of studies on HCC subtyping and the lack of molecular and biological insights into the carcinogenic potential of benign tumors. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the subtype classification of HCA and to compare and analyze gene expression profiling between HCA and HCC tissues. One fresh inflammatory HCA (I-HCA), three non-B non-C HCCs, two hepatitis B virus-HCCs, and one normal liver tissue sample were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Comparative analysis of scRNA-seq among different tissues showed that phospholipase A2 group IIA (PLA2G2A) mRNA was specifically expressed in I-HCA, following RNA-seq analysis in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from other HCAs. Immunohistochemistry using the PLA2G2A antibody in these tissues indicated that the positive reaction was mainly observed in hepatocytes of I-HCAs and stromal cells surrounding the tumor tissue in HCC were also stained. According to a clinical database, PLA2G2A expression in HCC does not correlate with poor prognosis. This finding may potentially help develop a new definition for I-HCA, resulting in a significant clinical contribution, but it requires validation with other fresh HCA samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadahiro Iwabuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-0011, Japan; (S.I.)
| | - Kenta Takahashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kawaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Ishikawa, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Akihisa Nagatsu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Tadashi Imafuku
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-0011, Japan; (S.I.)
| | - Shigeyuki Shichino
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsushima
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Masao Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Ishikawa, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-0011, Japan; (S.I.)
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