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Xu Y, Wang JY, Zou Y, Ma XW, Meng T. Role of IL-1 Family Cytokines IL-36, IL-37, IL-38 in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:4001-4016. [PMID: 38915806 PMCID: PMC11195677 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s474879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-36 (IL-36), IL-37, IL-38 belong to IL-1 family. The IL-36 subfamily obtains pro- and anti-inflammatory effects on various immune responses. Cytokine IL-37, has anti-inflammatory functions in immunity, and the recently identified IL-38 negatively associated with disease pathogenesis. To date, expression of IL-36, IL-37, IL-38 is reported dysregulated in osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and may be disease markers for arthritis-related diseases. Interestingly, expression of IL-38 was different either in OA patients or animal models, and expression of IL-36Ra in synovium was different in OA and RA patients. Moreover, functional studies have demonstrated significant role of these cytokines in OA and RA progress. These processes were related to immune cells and non-immune cells, where the cytokines IL-36, IL-37, IL-38 may regulate downstream signalings in the cells, and then involve in OA, RA development. In this review, we comprehensively discuss recent advancements in cytokines and the development of OA, RA. We hope that targeting these cytokines will become a potential treatment option for OA and RA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- College of Health Industry, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yan Wang
- College of Health Industry, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zou
- College of Health Industry, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Wei Ma
- College of Health Industry, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Meng
- College of Health Industry, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, People’s Republic of China
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Okamoto M, Zaizen Y, Kaieda S, Nouno T, Koga T, Matama G, Mitsuoka M, Akiba J, Yamada S, Kato H, Hoshino T. Soluble form of the MDA5 protein in human sera. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31727. [PMID: 38845920 PMCID: PMC11153190 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is sensed by toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), including melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5). MDA5 recognizes the genome of dsRNA viruses and replication intermediates of single-stranded RNA viruses. MDA5 also plays an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases, such as Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome and type I diabetes. Patients with dermatomyositis with serum MDA5 autoantibodies (anti-CADM-140) are known to have a high risk of developing rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease and poor prognosis. However, there have been no reports on the soluble form of MDA5 in human serum. In the present study, we generated in-house monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against human MDA5. We then performed immunohistochemical analysis and sensitive sandwich immunoassays to detect the MDA5 protein using two different mAbs (clones H27 and H46). As per the immunohistochemical analysis, the MDA5 protein was moderately expressed in the alveolar epithelia of normal lungs and was strongly expressed in the cytoplasm of lymphoid cells in the tonsils and acinar cells of the pancreas. Interestingly, soluble MDA5 protein was detectable in the serum, but not in the urine, of healthy donors. Soluble MDA5 protein was also detectable in the serum of patients with dermatomyositis. Immunoblot analysis showed that human cells expressed a 120 kDa MDA5 protein, while the 60 kDa MDA5 protein increased in the supernatant of peripheral mononuclear cells within 15 min after MDA5 agonist/double-strand RNA stimulation. Hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry revealed that an anti-MDA5 mAb (clone H46) bound to the epitope (415QILENSLLNL424) derived from the helicase domain of MDA5. These results indicate that a soluble MDA5 protein containing the helicase domain of MDA5 could be rapidly released from the cytoplasm of tissues after RNA stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Okamoto
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Zaizen
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Kaieda
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Nouno
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takuma Koga
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Goushi Matama
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mitsuoka
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Jun Akiba
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yamada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Institute of Cardiovascular Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tomoaki Hoshino
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
- National Cancer Institute (NCI) – Frederick, 1050 Boyles St, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
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Korkmaz H, Hatipoğlu M, Kayar NA. Interleukin-38: A crucial player in periodontitis. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2523-2532. [PMID: 37455397 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to compare the levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), salivary, and serum matrix metalloproteinase-9, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-36γ, and IL-38 in individuals with healthy periodontium, gingivitis, and periodontitis and to evaluate their correlations with clinical periodontal parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety systemically healthy and nonsmoking volunteers divided into a healthy (H) group (n = 30), a gingivitis (G) group (n = 30), and a periodontitis (P) group (n = 30) were included in this study. Clinical periodontal parameters of volunteers were recorded, and GCF, unstimulated saliva, and serum samples were collected. Data analysis was done with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Bonferroni correction were used for multiple comparisons and post hoc statistical analyses. RESULTS The group H had significantly lower clinical parameters than the group P (p < 0.001). GCF and salivary IL-36γ and IL-38 levels were significantly higher in the group P than in the H and G groups (p < 0.05). Positive correlations between biochemical findings and clinical periodontal parameters were observed. CONCLUSIONS IL-36γ and IL-38 levels in GCF, saliva, and serum correlate with clinical periodontal parameters and may play a role in determining the activity of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Korkmaz
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mükerrem Hatipoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nezahat Arzu Kayar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Bani-Wais DFN, Ad'hiah AH. The 5' untranslated region variant rs3811050 C/T of the interleukin-38 encoding gene is associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in Iraqi women. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:589. [PMID: 38683405 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-38, the latest member of the IL-1 cytokine family, is proposed to have a pathogenic role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is encoded by the IL1F10 gene, which harbors single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that may predict the risk of autoimmune diseases. Among them are 5' untranslated region (UTR) SNPs, which play a key role in post-transcriptional control, but have not been studied in Iraqi RA patients. METHODS Two novel IL1F10 5'UTR SNPs (rs3811050 C/T and rs3811051 T/G) were explored in RA and control women (n = 120 and 110, respectively). SNPs were genotyped using TaqMan assay. An ELISA kit was used to measure serum IL-38 concentrations. RESULTS A reduced risk of RA was associated with rs3811050 T allele and CT genotype (corrected probability [pc] = 0.01 and < 0.001, respectively), while there was no significant association with rs3811051. Haplotype analysis demonstrated that C-T haplotype was associated with a 1.65-fold greater risk of RA, whereas a reduced risk was linked to T-G haplotype. IL-38 concentrations were higher in patients than in controls (p < 0.001). In addition, IL-38 showed acceptable performance in distinguishing between RA and control women (p < 0.001). When IL-38 concentrations were stratified according to SNP genotypes, no significant differences were found. CONCLUSIONS The rs3811050 variant was more likely to affect RA susceptibility in Iraqi women, and the T allele may play a role in reducing disease risk. IL-38 concentrations were elevated in RA patients, but were not affected by the rs3811050 and rs3811051 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhuha F N Bani-Wais
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali H Ad'hiah
- Tropical-Biological Research Unit, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Al-Karrada, Baghdad, 10070, Iraq.
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Liang S, Chen L, Liang R, Ling J, Hou M, Gao S, Ou M, Yang M. Emerging Role of Interleukin-38 (IL-38) in the Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Rheumatol Ther 2024; 11:349-362. [PMID: 38315401 PMCID: PMC10920486 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-024-00640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an incurable autoimmune disease. The role of interleukin-38 (IL-38), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in RA is not fully understood, and its clinical relevance in RA remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the correlation of IL-38 with disease activity and the clinical manifestation of RA. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, patients with treatment-naïve RA (n = 63) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 60) were consecutively enrolled over a 15-month period. Patients with RA were categorized into three subgroups-low disease activity (LDA), moderate disease activity (MDA) and high disease activity (HDA)-using the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints based on C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP). Circulating levels of IL-38, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), IL-6, IL-17, IL-1β, and 25(OH)D were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical data, including duration, tender joints count (TJC), swollen joints count (SJC), patient global assessment (PGA), evaluator global assessment (EGA), bone mineral density (BMD), clinical disease activity index (CDAI), simplified disease activity index (SDAI), DAS28-CRP, joint musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS), and serological indicators were recorded. We determined the correlation between IL-38 and disease activity, as well as clinical manifestation in RA. RESULTS At the macroscopic level, musculoskeletal ultrasonography of joints in different stages of disease activity in RA suggests that, as the disease progresses, arthritis in the hand becomes more severe, accompanied by synovial thickening and pronounced blood flow signals in the joint area. The expression of IL-38, TNF, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-1β significantly increased in patients with RA compared to HC. Noteworthy differences were observed in the blood flow signal score, synovial signal score, IL-38, TNF, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-1β among the three subgroups (LDA, MDA and HDA). As disease activity increased in patients with RA, the blood flow signal score, synovial signal score and expression of TNF, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-1β exhibited a gradual increase, while the expression of IL-38 showed the opposite pattern. Inverse correlations were identified between IL-38 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-17), as well as key clinical parameters, including disease duration, SJC, TJC and DAS28-CRP score. CONCLUSION IL-38, intricately linked to the pathogenesis of RA, emerges as a promising therapeutic target for the management of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiang Liang
- Health Management Center, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, China
| | - Liting Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First People's Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou, 535000, China
| | - Ruilan Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China
| | - Jiayi Ling
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China
| | - Minghui Hou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China
| | - Minglin Ou
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China.
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Toraman A, Sağlam E, Savran L, Köseoğlu S. Evaluation of Salivary Il-38 Levels in Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2024. [PMID: 38497769 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to assess levels of salivary interleukin (IL)-38, IL-1β, and IL-10 in various periodontal clinical conditions. In total, 60 (20 healthy, 20 gingivitis, and 20 stage II-III, grade A-B periodontitis) subjects were included in the study. Demographic and clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. Samples were examined for IL-38, IL-1β, and IL-10 levels by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results demonstrated that the periodontitis group had significantly lower salivary IL-38 levels (P < 0.05) than the healthy group. Salivary IL-10 levels did not differ significantly between the groups (P > 0.05). The salivary IL-1β levels of gingivitis (P < 0.001) and periodontitis groups (P < 0.01) were significantly higher than those of the healthy group. The present study indicated that IL-38 level is decreased in periodontal disease. The results suggested a possible role of IL-38 in the periodontal inflammation process. Clarifying the mechanisms of IL-38 in the inflammatory process may contribute to the development of novel treatment strategies in periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Toraman
- Department of Periodontology, Hamidiye Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ebru Sağlam
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Levent Savran
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Serhat Köseoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Ding Y, Shao J, Liu C, Li Z, Zhang Y, Jie L, Zhu X, Liang B, Yu Q, Wu J. Whether full-length IL-38 acts as a promoter or inhibitor in activating rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes depends on IL-1β. Int J Rheum Dis 2024; 27:e15020. [PMID: 38287552 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.15020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
AIM IL-38 is a recently discovered inflammatory factor that belongs to the IL-1 family and has full-length and truncated forms. Clinical findings demonstrated that serum IL-38 levels in people with infectious and autoimmune diseases are significantly different from those in healthy people, but the form remains unclear. We are keenly interested in learning more about the regulatory role of full-length IL-38 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a classic autoimmune disease. METHODS RA-fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) were isolated from six RA patients and stimulated with full-length IL-38 to observe IL-6 and IL-8 secretion. Then, the migration and invasion functions of FLS were assessed. Next, the protein expressions of the MAPK, NF-κB, and JAK pathways were evaluated. In addition, we examined the effect of full-length IL-38 on FLS functions in the presence of IL-1β. The function of FLS affected by full-length IL-38 was also examined after blocking IL-1 and IL-36 receptors. RESULTS The functions of FLS were activated after the cells were stimulated with full-length IL-38. IL-6 and IL-8 levels increased with an increase in the full-length IL-38 concentration, and full-length IL-38 induced the acceleration of FLS migration and invasion functions. In addition, the levels of proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway increased after stimulation with full-length IL-38 and depended on its concentration. However, when the FLS were stimulated by IL-38 and IL-1β simultaneously, all experiments generated opposite results. Full-length IL-38 inhibited FLS function in the presence of IL-1β. IL-1R and IL-36R blockers terminated all effects of full-length IL-38 on RA-FLS. CONCLUSION Full-length IL-38 activates FLS functions and acts as a promoter in RA, whereas it inhibits FLS functions and acts as an inhibitor of RA in the presence of IL-1β. The function of full-length IL-38 can be blocked by IL-1Ra and IL-36Ra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ju Shao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cai Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengtong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ligang Jie
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bibo Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang C, Hu J, Shi J. Role of Interleukin-36 in inflammatory joint diseases. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 52:249-259. [PMID: 37283111 PMCID: PMC10409900 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-36 is a family of cytokines that belongs to the larger IL-1 superfamily. IL-36 agonist/antagonist binds to the interleukin-36 receptor involving in physiological inflammation regulation and pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. In inflammatory joint diseases, the expression of IL-36 changes, and some studies have initially explored the role of IL-36 in these diseases. In psoriatic arthritis, IL-36 signal mediates plasma cell and fibroblast-like synoviocyte crosstalk presenting IL-36 agonist/antagonist imbalance. In rheumatoid arthritis, IL-36 agonists induce fibroblast-like synoviocyte to produce pro-inflammatory factors, while IL-36 antagonist deficiency leads to lesion progression. In osteoarthritis, IL-36 agonists induce chondrocytes to produce catabolic enzymes and pro-inflammatory factors. This article reviews the expression and function of IL-36 in different inflammatory joint diseases to provide a reference for revealing their pathogenic mechanisms and discovering therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunyi Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Ji'an Hu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Jiejun Shi
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Zaizen Y, Okamoto M, Azuma K, Fukuoka J, Hozumi H, Sakamoto N, Suda T, Mukae H, Hoshino T. Enhanced immune complex formation in the lungs of patients with dermatomyositis. Respir Res 2023; 24:86. [PMID: 36934274 PMCID: PMC10024827 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial lung disease is frequently comorbid with dermatomyositis and has a poor prognosis, especially in patients with the anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) autoantibody. However, the pathogenesis of dermatomyositis-related interstitial lung disease remains unclear. METHODS We examined 18 and 19 patients with dermatomyositis-related interstitial lung disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (control), respectively. Lung tissues obtained from these patients were semi-quantitatively evaluated by immunohistochemical staining with in-house anti-human MDA5 monoclonal antibodies, as well as anti-human immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM, IgA, and complement component 3(C3) antibodies. We established human MDA5 transgenic mice and treated them with rabbit anti-human MDA5 polyclonal antibodies, and evaluated lung injury and Ig and C3 expression. RESULTS MDA5 was moderately or strongly expressed in the lungs of patients in both groups, with no significant differences between the groups. However, patients with dermatomyositis-related interstitial lung disease showed significantly stronger expression of C3 (p < 0.001), IgG (p < 0.001), and IgM (p = 0.001) in the lungs than control. Moreover, lung C3, but IgG, IgA, nor IgM expression was significantly stronger in MDA5 autoantibody-positive dermatomyositis-related interstitial lung disease (n = 9) than in MDA5 autoantibody-negative dermatomyositis-related interstitial lung disease (n = 9; p = 0.022). Treatment with anti-MDA5 antibodies induced lung injury in MDA5 transgenic mice, and strong immunoglobulin and C3 expression was observed in the lungs of the mice. CONCLUSION Strong immunoglobulin and C3 expression in the lungs involve lung injury related to dermatomyositis-related interstitial lung disease. Enhanced immune complex formation in the lungs may contribute to the poor prognosis of MDA5 autoantibody-positive dermatomyositis-related interstitial lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Zaizen
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-Machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Masaki Okamoto
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-Machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
- Department of Respirology and Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyouhama, Chuo-Ku, Fukuoka, 810-8563, Japan
| | - Koichi Azuma
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-Machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Junya Fukuoka
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hironao Hozumi
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu, Sizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Noriho Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 82-8501, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu, Sizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 82-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hoshino
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-Machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan.
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory (CIL), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI)-Frederick, 1050 Boyles St, MD, 21702-1201, Frederick, USA.
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Wang Q, Ma L, An C, Wise SG, Bao S. The role of IL-38 in intestinal diseases - its potential as a therapeutic target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1051787. [PMID: 36405715 PMCID: PMC9670310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1051787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-38, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is a key regulator of homeostasis in host immunity. Intestinal immunity plays a critical role in defence against pathogenic invasion, as it is the largest surface organ and the most common entry point for micro-organisms. Dysregulated IL-38 activity is observed in several autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus and atherosclerosis. The protective role of IL-38 is well illustrated in experimental colitis models, showing significantly worse colitis in IL-38 deficient mice, compared to wildtype mice. Moreover, exogenous IL-38 has been shown to ameliorate experimental colitis. Surprisingly, upregulated IL-38 is detected in inflamed tissue from inflammatory bowel disease patients, consistent with increased circulating cytokine levels, demonstrating the complex nature of host immunity in vivo. However, colonic IL-38 is significantly reduced in malignant tissues from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissue. Additionally, IL-38 expression in CRC correlates with 5-year survival, tumour size and differentiation, suggesting IL-38 plays a protective role during the development of CRC. IL-38 is also an independent biomarker for the prognosis of CRC, offering useful information in the management of CRC. Taken together, these data demonstrate the role of IL-38 in the maintenance of normal intestinal mucosal homeostasis, but that dysregulation of IL-38 contributes to initiation of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (resulting from persistent local inflammation), and that IL-38 provides protection during the development of colorectal cancer. Such data provide useful information for the development of novel therapeutic targets in the management of intestinal diseases for more precise medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Linna Ma
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Caiping An
- Department of Haematology and Nephropathy, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- *Correspondence: Caiping An, ; Shisan Bao,
| | - Steven G. Wise
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shisan Bao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- *Correspondence: Caiping An, ; Shisan Bao,
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11
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Teufel LU, de Graaf DM, Netea MG, Dinarello CA, Joosten LAB, Arts RJW. Circulating interleukin-38 concentrations in healthy adults. Front Immunol 2022; 13:964365. [PMID: 36016926 PMCID: PMC9396651 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.964365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-38 is the latest discovered member of the interleukin-1 family, which has anti-inflammatory properties similar to IL-36Ra. Several studies compared circulating IL-38 concentrations in healthy and diseased populations to characterize its role in both auto-immune and inflammatory pathologies, with both higher and lower concentrations being associated with certain diseases. However, in order to use IL-38 as a biomarker, a reference range in healthy adults is needed. To establish a reference IL-38 circulating concentration, accessible data from 25 eligible studies with IL-38 concentrations in healthy adults was collected. To validate the values found in literature, we measured IL-38 concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in several cohorts from our own institute. Additionally, the effect of blood collection techniques, freeze thawing cycles, and hemolysis on IL-38 measurements was assessed. To evaluate the importance of the genetic background of individuals as confounding factor of IL-38 synthesis, we used publicly available eQTL databases with matched data on allele frequencies in individuals of different ethnicities. Mean IL-38 concentrations in the various studies were weighted by their corresponding sample size, resulting in a weighted mean, and weighted upper and lower limits were calculated by mean ± 2 SD. Differences of over 10.000-fold were found in the weighted means between studies, which could not be attributed to the blood collection method or assessment of IL-38 in plasma or serum. Although IL-38 concentrations were markedly higher in Chinese then in European population studies, we could not show an association with the genetic background. From our analysis, a reference range for circulating IL-38 in healthy adults could thus not yet be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa U. Teufel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS) and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Dennis M. de Graaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS) and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS) and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS) and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS) and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rob J. W. Arts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS) and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Rob J. W. Arts,
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12
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Dang J, He Z, Cui X, Fan J, Hambly DJ, Hambly BD, Li X, Bao S. The Role of IL-37 and IL-38 in Colorectal Cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:811025. [PMID: 35186997 PMCID: PMC8847758 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.811025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major killer. Dysregulation of IL-37 and IL-38, both anti-inflammatory cytokines, is observed in auto-immune diseases. The precise regulatory mechanisms of IL-37/IL-38 during the development of CRC remains unclear, but chronic intestinal inflammation is involved in the carcinogenesis of CRC. Constitutive production of colonic IL-37 and IL-38 is substantially reduced in CRC, consistent with an inverse correlation with CRC differentiation. Reduced colonic IL-37 and IL-38 is relating to CRC invasion and distant metastasis, suggesting a protective role for IL-38 within the tumor micro-environment. IL-38 is reduced in right-sided CRC compared to left-sided CRC, which is in line with multiple risk factors for right-sided CRC, including the embryonic development of the colon, and genetic differences in CRC between these two sides. Finally, colonic IL-37 and tumor associated neutrophils (TAN) seem to be independent biomarkers of prognostic value, whereas colonic IL-38 seems to be a reliable and independent biomarker in predicting the 5-year survival post-surgery in CRC. However, there is room for improvement in available studies, including the extension of these studies to different regions/countries incorporating different races, evaluation of the role of multi-drug resistance, and different subsets of CRC. It would be useful to determine the kinetics of circulating IL-38 and its relationship with drug resistance/targeted therapy. The measurement of colonic IL-38 at the molecular and cellular level is required to explore the contribution of IL-38 pathways during the development of CRC. These approaches could provide insight for the development of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dang
- Child and Adolescent Health Management Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiyun He
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University First Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiang Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingchun Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - David J Hambly
- Resident Training Program, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett D Hambly
- Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China.,Centre for Healthy Futures, Torrens University Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University First Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shisan Bao
- Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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13
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Ohno M, Imai T, Chatani M, Nishida A, Inatomi O, Kawahara M, Hoshino T, Andoh A. The anti-inflammatory and protective role of interleukin-38 in inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 70:64-71. [PMID: 35068683 PMCID: PMC8764106 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-38 exerts an anti-inflammatory function by binding to several cytokine receptors, including the IL-36 receptor. In this study, we evaluated IL-38 expression in the inflamed mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and investigated its functions. IL-38 mRNA expression in endoscopic biopsy samples was evaluated using quantitative PCR. IL-38 protein expression was analyzed using immunohistochemical technique. Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis was induced in C57BL/6 background IL-38KO mice. The IL-38 mRNA and protein expression were enhanced in the active mucosa of ulcerative colitis, but not in Crohn's disease. The ratio of IL-36γ to IL-38 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in the active mucosa of UC patients. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that B cells are the major cellular source of IL-38 in the colonic mucosa. IL-38 dose-dependently suppressed the IL-36γ-induced mRNA expression of CXC chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL8) in HT-29 and T84 cells. IL-38 inhibited the IL-36γ-induced activation of nuclear-factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases in HT-29 cells. DSS-colitis was significantly exacerbated in IL-38KO mice compared to wild type mice. In conclusion, IL-38 may play an anti-inflammatory and protective role in the pathophysiology of IBD, in particular ulcerative colitis, through the suppression of IL-36-induced inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ohno
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takayuki Imai
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Motoharu Chatani
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Osamu Inatomi
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawahara
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hoshino
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Akira Andoh
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
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14
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Esmaeilzadeh A, Bahmaie N, Nouri E, Hajkazemi MJ, Zareh Rafie M. Immunobiological Properties and Clinical Applications of Interleukin-38 for Immune-Mediated Disorders: A Systematic Review Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12552. [PMID: 34830435 PMCID: PMC8625918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exponential growth in the usage of "cytokines" (as seroimmunobiomarkers) has facilitated more accurate prognosis, early diagnosis, novel, and efficient immunotherapeutics. Numerous studies have reported immunopathophysiological and immunopathological processes of interleukin-38 (IL-38). Therefore, in this systematic review article, the authors aimed to present an updated comprehensive overview on the immunobiological mechanisms, diagnostic, and immune gene-based therapeutic potentials of IL-38. According to our inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 216 articles were collected from several search engines and databases from the January 2012 to July 2021 time interval by using six main keywords. Physiologic or pathologic microenvironments, optimal dosage, and involved receptors affect the functionalities of IL-38. Alterations in serum levels of IL-38 play a major role in the immunopathogenesis of a wide array of immune-mediated disorders. IL-38 shows anti-inflammatory activities by reduction or inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, supporting the therapeutic aspects of IL-38 in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. According to the importance of pre-clinical studies, it seems that manipulation of the immune system by immunomodulatory properties of IL-38 can increase the accuracy of diagnosis, and decipher optimal clinical outcomes. To promote our knowledge, more collaboration is highly recommended among laboratory scientists, internal/infectious diseases specialists, oncologists, immunologists, diseases-specific biomarkers scientists, and basic medical researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran
- Immunotherapy Research & Technology Group, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran
| | - Nazila Bahmaie
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Health Science, Near East University (NEU), Nicosia 99138, Cyprus;
- Pediatric Ward, Department of Allergy and Immunology, Near East University affiliated Hospital, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus
- Serology and Immunology Ward, Clinical Diagnosis Laboratory, Private Baskent Hospital, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419733151, Iran
| | - Elham Nouri
- School of Paramedicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran;
- Shahid Beheshti University Affiliated Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Hajkazemi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran; (M.J.H.); (M.Z.R.)
| | - Maryam Zareh Rafie
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran; (M.J.H.); (M.Z.R.)
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15
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Hao Z, Liu Y. IL-38 and IL-36 Target Autophagy for Regulating Synoviocyte Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Rheumatoid Arthritis. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:7933453. [PMID: 34845417 PMCID: PMC8627363 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7933453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease leading to severe joint damage and disability. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) mostly contribute to the joint inflammation and destruction in RA through distinct mechanisms. However, little is known about newly discovered interleukin- (IL-) 36 and IL-38 involving in the pathology of RA. Here, we assessed the effect of IL-36 and IL-38 on RA-FLS function using IL-36 and IL-38 overexpression plasmids. We found that IL-36 inhibited synoviocytes proliferation while IL-38 showed an opposite influence. Furthermore, IL-36 and IL-38 significantly sequestered or accelerated RA-FLS migration and invasion capacity, respectively. Mechanically, IL-36 and IL-38 targeted autophagy for RA-FLS modulation. Using autophagy inhibitor 3-MA and inducer compound rapamycin, we found that autophagy negatively regulated the survival, migration, and invasion of synovial cells. Based on these results, IL-38 in combination with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA treatment demonstrated the strongest blockage of the above three activities of RA-FLS, and IL-38 overexpression reversed rapamycin-inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, injection of IL-36 can improve the symptoms of RA in a rat model of RA. Taken together, we conclude that IL-38 and IL-36 target autophagy for regulating synoviocyte proliferation, migration, and invasion in RA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Arthritis, Experimental/etiology
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/etiology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/prevention & control
- Autophagy
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Interleukin-1/administration & dosage
- Interleukins/administration & dosage
- Male
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Synoviocytes/drug effects
- Synoviocytes/metabolism
- Synoviocytes/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Hao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
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16
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Luo P, Zhao T, He H. IL-38-mediated NLRP3/caspase-1 inhibition is a disease-modifying treatment for TMJ inflammation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1508:92-104. [PMID: 34671981 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, interleukin-38 (IL-38) was identified as an important anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive factor, but its functional role in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate how IL-38 affects chondrocytes and the underlying mechanism that contributes to anti-inflammatory processes in the TMJ. Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescence analysis were used to verify that IL-38 has anti-inflammatory effects on chondrocytes, and the related key pathways were analyzed by western blotting. SiRNA-IL-38, siRNA-NLRP3, and MCC950 were used to investigate the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of IL-38. Inflammation models were induced by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant in TMJ with mouse recombinant IL-38 in in vivo studies. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were used to investigate histological changes in the cartilage. The results showed that IL-38 inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines and MMPs. IL-38 limited inflammation by inhibiting the expression of MAPKs/NF-κB and the NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway. In vivo, IL-38 reduced chondrocyte inflammation and limited cartilage degeneration. This study shows for the first time that IL-38 plays a protective role in TMJ cartilage. IL-38 exerts anti-inflammatory effects through the NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway and may be a promising agent for treating TMJ inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Luo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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17
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Han MM, Yuan XR, Shi X, Zhu XY, Su Y, Xiong DK, Zhang XM, Zhou H, Wang JN. The Pathological Mechanism and Potential Application of IL-38 in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:732790. [PMID: 34539413 PMCID: PMC8443783 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-38 (IL-38), a new cytokine of interleukin-1 family (IL-1F), is expressed in the human heart, kidney, skin, etc. Recently, new evidence indicated that IL-38 is involved in the process of different autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases are a cluster of diseases accompanied with tissue damage caused by autoimmune reactions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, etc. This review summarized the links between IL-38 and autoimmune diseases, as well as the latest knowledge about the function and regulatory mechanism of IL-38 in autoimmune diseases. Especially, this review focused on the differentiation of immune cells and explore future prospects, such as the application of IL-38 in new technologies. Understanding the function of IL-38 is helpful to shed light on the progress of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Han
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin-Rong Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Shi
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yue Su
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Public Basic College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - De-Kai Xiong
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing-Min Zhang
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ji-Nian Wang
- Department of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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18
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Wang M. The Role of IL-37 and IL-38 in Obstetrics Abnormalities. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:737084. [PMID: 34513891 PMCID: PMC8429600 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.737084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are two fairly common complications during pregnancy, i.e., gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pre-eclampsia, which are independent, but are also closely linked in prevalence in pregnant women, with potential serious adverse consequences. IL-37 and IL-38, which belong to the IL-1 superfamily, participate in anti-inflammatory responses. Dysregulation of IL-37 and IL-38 has been observed in many auto-immune diseases. IL-37 is substantially reduced in the umbilical cords and placentas of GDM subjects, but IL-37 is significantly induced in the placentas of pre-eclampsia patients, suggesting there are differential regulatory roles of IL-37 in obstetrics, despite IL-37 being an anti-inflammatory mediator. Furthermore, IL-38 is substantially increased in the umbilical cords and placentas of GDM subjects, but minimal difference is observed in the placentas from pre-eclampsia patients. These data imply that IL-38 is also regulated independently within the diseased placentas. This review provides some insight for both basic scientists and medical practitioners to manage these patients effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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19
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IL-38 restrains inflammatory response of collagen-induced arthritis in rats via SIRT1/HIF-1α signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:223089. [PMID: 32347300 PMCID: PMC7256678 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the restraining effect of IL-38 on inflammatory response in collagen-induced arthritis rats (CIA), and to explore the regulatory mechanism of SIRT1/HIF-1α signaling pathway. METHODS 40 SD rats were randomly divided into Control group, CIA group, CLL group and CLH group, with 10 rats in each group; CIA rat model was established. The effects of IL-38 on arthritis index, inflammatory response, osteogenic factor and angiogenic factor were observed by methods including HE staining, ELISA, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence. Human synoviocytes were cultured in vitro, and SIRT1 inhibitors were added to detect the expression for relating factors of SIRT1/HIF-1α signaling pathway by Western blot. RESULTS IL-38 could alleviate CIA joint damage and restrain inflammatory response, could up-regulate the expression of OPG in CIA rats and could down-regulate the expression of RANKL and RANK. IL-38 could restrain the expression of VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and HIF. Moreover, we found that IL-38 could up-regulate the SIRT1 expression and down-regulate the HIF-1α, TLR4 and NF-KB p65 expression in CLL and CLH groups. From the treatment of synoviocytes to simulate the CIA model and the treatment of SIRT1 inhibitors, we demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of IL-38 on inflammatory factors and regulation of SIRT1/HIF-1α signaling pathway-related proteins were inhibited. CONCLUSION IL-38 can restrain the inflammatory response of CIA rats, can promote the expression of osteogenic factors, can inhibit neovascularization, and can alleviate joint damage in rats. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of SIRT1/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
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20
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de Graaf DM, Maas RJA, Smeekens SP, Eisenmesser E, Redzic JS, Helsen MM, Powers NE, Li S, Kalabokis V, Gresnigt MS, Joosten LAB, Dinarello CA, van de Veerdonk FL. Human recombinant interleukin-38 suppresses inflammation in mouse models of local and systemic disease. Cytokine 2021; 137:155334. [PMID: 33128926 PMCID: PMC7725974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-38 belongs to the IL-1 family and is part of the IL-36 subfamily due to its binding to the IL-36 Receptor (IL-1R6). In the current study, we assessed the anti-inflammatory properties of IL-38 in murine models of arthritis and systemic inflammation. First, the anti-inflammatory properties of mouse and human IL-38 precursors were compared to forms with a truncated N-terminus. In mouse bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDC), human and mouse IL-38 precursors with a truncation of the two N-terminal amino acids (3-152) suppressed LPS-induced IL-6. Recombinant human IL-38 (3-152) was further investigated for its immunomodulatory potential using four murine models of inflammatory disease: streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis, monosodium urate (MSU) crystal-induced arthritis, MSU crystal-induced peritonitis, and systemic endotoxemia. In each of these models IL-38 significantly reduced inflammation. In SCW and MSU crystal-induced arthritis, joint swelling, inflammatory cell influx, and synovial levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and KC were reduced by 50% or greater. These suppressive properties of IL-38 in SCW-induced arthritis were independent of the anti-inflammatory co-receptor IL-1R8, as IL-38 reduced arthritis equally in IL-1R8 deficient and WT mice. In MSU crystal-induced peritonitis, IL-38 reduced hypothermia, while plasma IL-6 and KC and peritoneal KC levels were reduced by 65-70%. In the LPS endotoxemia model, IL-38 pretreatment reduced systemic IL-6, TNFα and KC. Furthermore, in ex vivo cultured bone marrow, LPS-induced IL-6, TNFα and KC were reduced by 75-90%. Overall, IL-38 exhibits broad anti-inflammatory properties in models of systemic and local inflammation and therefore may be an effective cytokine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M de Graaf
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ralph J A Maas
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sanne P Smeekens
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Elan Eisenmesser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Jasmina S Redzic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Monique M Helsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicholas E Powers
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Suzhao Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | | | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany.
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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21
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Xu WD, Su LC, Liu XY, Wang JM, Yuan ZC, Qin Z, Zhou XP, Huang AF. IL-38: A novel cytokine in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12379-12389. [PMID: 33079487 PMCID: PMC7686966 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IL‐38 is a newly identified cytokine that belongs to the IL‐1 family. In our previous study, we found elevated plasma levels of IL‐38 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the clear relationship of IL‐38 expression in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and clinical and laboratory features needs elucidation. Additionally, we evaluated the possible role of IL‐38 in regulating production of inflammatory cytokines in PBMCs in vitro. A pristane‐induced murine lupus model was used to further demonstrate the effects of IL‐38 on cytokines in vivo and discuss the significance of IL‐38 in lupus development. The results showed that mRNA expression of IL‐38 in PBMCs of patients with SLE was elevated compared with volunteers, and expression of IL‐38 in both plasma and PBMCs was strongly related to clinical features, such as haematuria and proteinuria, and correlated with a SLEDAI score. Plasma levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐23 were elevated in patients with SLE and were related to plasma levels of IL‐38. In vitro, PBMCs of patients with SLE stimulated with IL‐38 showed a decreased expression of the four inflammatory cytokines compared with PBMCs of patients without treatment. Interestingly, IL‐38 administration in lupus mice significantly reduced the development of lupus, such as reduced proteinuria, improved histological examinations of the kidneys and down‐regulated inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, IL‐38 may suppress synthesis of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and therefore regulate lupus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin-Chong Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jia-Min Wang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Yuan
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xi-Ping Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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22
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Kinoshita F, Tagawa T, Akamine T, Takada K, Yamada Y, Oku Y, Kosai K, Ono Y, Tanaka K, Wakasu S, Oba T, Osoegawa A, Shimokawa M, Oda Y, Hoshino T, Mori M. Interleukin-38 promotes tumor growth through regulation of CD8 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in lung cancer tumor microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:123-135. [PMID: 32653939 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-38 was discovered in 2001 and is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines. IL-38 shows anti-inflammatory activity in several inflammatory diseases. In lung adenocarcinoma, we previously demonstrated that high IL-38 expression in tumor cells was associated with poor prognosis. However, the role of IL-38 in the tumor microenvironment has not been clarified. METHODS IL-38-plasmid-transfected Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC-IL38) and empty vector-transfected LLC cells (LLC-vector) were established. Cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo were examined, and immunohistochemical staining was used to assess tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). A CD8+ lymphocyte depletion model was established to show the association between IL-38 and CD8+ lymphocytes. Moreover, we examined the association between IL-38 expression and CD8+ TILs in human samples, analyzing immunohistochemical staining in 226 patients with radically resected lung adenocarcinoma. RESULTS Tumor growth of LLC-IL38 in vivo was significantly increased compared with that of LLC-vector, although cell proliferation of LLC-IL38 in vitro was lower than that of LLC-vector. CD8+ TILs were significantly decreased in LLC-IL38 tumor compared with LLC-vector tumor. The difference in tumor growth between LLC-IL38 and LLC-vector became insignificant after depletion of CD8+ lymphocytes. In immunohistochemical staining in tissues from patients with lung adenocarcinoma, multivariate analysis showed high IL-38 expression was an independent negative predicter of high density of CD8+ TILs. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that high IL-38 expression in tumor cells was significantly associated with reduction of CD8+ TILs and tumor progression. These results suggest that IL-38 could be a therapeutic target for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Kinoshita
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tetsuzo Tagawa
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Takaki Akamine
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takada
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuka Oku
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kosai
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Ono
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tanaka
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sho Wakasu
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Taro Oba
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Osoegawa
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Shimokawa
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hoshino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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23
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Sun X, Hou T, Cheung E, Iu TNT, Tam VWH, Chu IMT, Tsang MSM, Chan PKS, Lam CWK, Wong CK. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the novel cytokine interleukin-38 in allergic asthma. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:631-646. [PMID: 31645649 PMCID: PMC7264207 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We elucidated the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of IL-38 in allergic asthma. Human bronchial epithelial cells and eosinophils were cocultured upon stimulation with the viral RLR ligand poly (I:C)/LyoVec or infection-related cytokine TNF-α to induce expression of cytokines/chemokines/adhesion molecules. House dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic asthma and humanized allergic asthma NOD/SCID murine models were established to assess anti-inflammatory mechanisms in vivo. IL-38 significantly inhibited induced proinflammatory IL-6, IL-1β, CCL5, and CXCL10 production, and antiviral interferon-β and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in the coculture system. Mass cytometry and RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that IL-38 could antagonize the activation of the intracellular STAT1, STAT3, p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and NF-κB pathways, and upregulate the expression of the host defense-related gene POU2AF1 and anti-allergic response gene RGS13. Intraperitoneal injection of IL-38 into HDM-induced allergic asthma mice could ameliorate airway hyperreactivity by decreasing the accumulation of eosinophils in the lungs and inhibiting the expression of the Th2-related cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung homogenates. Histological examination indicated lung inflammation was alleviated by reductions in cell infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia, together with reduced Th2, Th17, and innate lymphoid type 2 cell numbers but increased proportions of regulatory T cells in the lungs, spleen, and lymph nodes. IL-38 administration suppressed airway hyperreactivity and asthma-related IL-4 and IL-5 expression in humanized mice, together with significantly decreased CCR3+ eosinophil numbers in the BALF and lungs, and a reduced percentage of human CD4+CRTH2+ Th2 cells in the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes. Together, our results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of IL-38 and provided a basis for the development of a regulatory cytokine-based treatment for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianheng Hou
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edwin Cheung
- Cancer Centre; Centre of Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Tiffany Nga-Teng Iu
- Cancer Centre; Centre of Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Victor Wai-Hou Tam
- Cancer Centre; Centre of Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ida Miu-Ting Chu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miranda Sin-Man Tsang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul Kay-Sheung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher Wai-Kei Lam
- Faculty of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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24
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Ge Y, Huang M, Wu Y, Dong N, Yao YM. Interleukin-38 protects against sepsis by augmenting immunosuppressive activity of CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:2027-2039. [PMID: 31880383 PMCID: PMC6991686 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are required to limit immune-induced pathology and to maintain homeostasis during the early-phase of sepsis. This study aimed to investigate the role of interleukin (IL)-38, a newly described member of the IL-1 cytokine family, in mediated immune response of CD4+ CD25+ Tregs in sepsis. Here, we provide evidence that expressions of IL-38 and its receptor were detected in murine CD4+ CD25+ Tregs. Stimulation of CD4+ CD25+ Tregs with LPS markedly up-regulated the expression of IL-38. Treatment with rmIL-38 dramatically enhanced the immunosuppressive activity of CD4+ CD25+ Tregs after LPS stimulation and in septic mice induced by CLP, resulting in amplification of helper T cell (Th) 2 response and reduction in the proliferation of effector T cells. These effects were robustly abrogated when anti-IL-38 antibody was administered. Administration of rmIL-38 improved the survival rate of CLP mice. In addition, CD4+ CD25+ Tregs depletion before the onset of sepsis obviously abolished IL-38-mediated protective response. These findings suggest that IL-38 enhances the immunosuppressive activity of CD4+ CD25+ Tregs, which might contribute to the improvement of host immune function and prognosis in the setting of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ge
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Man Huang
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Dong
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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25
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Interleukin-38 in colorectal cancer: a potential role in precision medicine. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 69:69-79. [PMID: 31786620 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death, partly due to a lack of reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis. To improve the outcome of CRC, it is critical to provide diagnosis at an early stage using promising sensitive/specific marker(s). Using immunohistochemistry and histopathology, IL-38 expression was determined in tissue arrays of CRC with different TNM status and depth of tumour invasion. Data were compared to IL-38 in adjacent non-cancer tissue and correlated with demographic information, including survival. A substantial reduction of IL-38 was detected in the CRC tissue compared to adjacent non-cancer colonic tissue. IL-38 correlated with the extent of tumour differentiation (P < 0.0001); CRC location in the left side of the colon (P < 0.05), and smaller tumour size (≤ 5 cm; P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated both high specificity and high sensitivity of IL-38 for the diagnosis of CRC [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.89)]. By sub-group analysis, AUC of IL-38 for the diagnosis of CRC was higher in poorly differentiated, right-sided CRC or tumour size > 5 cm (all AUC > 0.9). Significantly, longer survival was observed for the IL-38high versus the IL-38low groups in CRC patients (P = 0.04). Survival was also longer for IL-38high patients with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.01) and TNM stage III-IV (P = 0.02). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that IL-38 (P = 0.05) and tumour invasion depth (P = 0.04) were independent factors for survival. High IL38 in CRC is an independent prognostic factor for the longer survival of CRC patients. IL-38 signalling may constitute a therapeutic target in CRC.
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26
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Talabot-Ayer D, Mermoud L, Borowczyk J, Drukala J, Wolnicki M, Modarressi A, Boehncke WH, Brembilla N, Palmer G. Interleukin-38 interacts with destrin/actin-depolymerizing factor in human keratinocytes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225782. [PMID: 31770407 PMCID: PMC6879167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-38 is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, which was proposed to exert anti-inflammatory effects. IL-38 is constitutively expressed in the skin, where keratinocytes are the main producing cells. Little information is currently available concerning IL-38 biology. Here, we investigated the subcellular localization and interaction partners of the IL-38 protein in human keratinocytes. IL-38 expression was reduced in primary keratinocytes grown in monolayer (2D) cultures. We thus used IL-38 overexpressing immortalized normal human keratinocytes (NHK/38) to study this cytokine in cell monolayers. In parallel, differentiation of primary human keratinocytes in an in vitro reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) 3D model allowed us to restore endogenous IL-38 expression. In NHK/38 cells and in RHE, IL-38 was mainly cell-associated, rather than released into culture supernatants. Intracellular IL-38 was preferentially, although not exclusively, cytoplasmic. Similarly, in normal human skin sections, IL-38 was predominantly cytoplasmic in the epidermis and essentially excluded from keratinocyte nuclei. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified destrin/actin-depolymerizing factor (DSTN) as a potential IL-38-interacting molecule. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay confirmed this interaction. We further observed partial co-localization of IL-38 and DSTN in NHK/38 cells. Endogenous IL-38 and DSTN were also co-expressed in all epidermal layers in RHE and in normal human skin. Finally, IL-38 partially co-localized with F-actin in NHK/38 cells, in particular along the cortical actin network and in filopodia. In conclusion, IL-38 is found predominantly in the cytoplasm of human keratinocytes, where it interacts with DSTN. The functional relevance of this interaction remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Talabot-Ayer
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Mermoud
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julia Borowczyk
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Drukala
- Cell Bank, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Michal Wolnicki
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Ali Modarressi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Henning Boehncke
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolo Brembilla
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gaby Palmer
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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27
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Xie L, Huang Z, Li H, Liu X, Zheng S, Su W. IL-38: A New Player in Inflammatory Autoimmune Disorders. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080345. [PMID: 31387327 PMCID: PMC6723600 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-38, a newly discovered IL-1 family cytokine, is expressed in several tissues and secreted by various cells. IL-38 has recently been reported to exert an anti-inflammatory function by binding to several receptors, including interleukin-36 receptor (IL-36R), interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein-like 1 (IL-1RAPL1), and interleukin-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) to block binding with other pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibit subsequent signaling pathways; thereby regulating the differentiation and function of T cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Inflammatory autoimmune diseases, which are common immune-mediated inflammatory syndromes, are characterized by an imbalance between T helper cells (Ths), especially Th1s and Th17s, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Recent findings have shown that abnormal expression of IL-38 in inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjogren’s syndrome, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, hidradenitis suppurativa, ankylosing spondylitis, and glaucoma, involves Th1s, Th17s, and Tregs. In this review, the expression, regulation, and biological function of IL-38 are discussed, as are the roles of IL-38 in various inflammatory autoimmune disorders. Current data support that the IL-38/IL-36R and/or IL-38/IL-1RAPL1 axis primarily play an anti-inflammatory role in the development and resolution of inflammatory autoimmune diseases and indicate a possible therapeutic benefit of IL-38 in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Zhaohao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Xiuxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Songguo Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.
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28
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Fahey E, Doyle SL. IL-1 Family Cytokine Regulation of Vascular Permeability and Angiogenesis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1426. [PMID: 31293586 PMCID: PMC6603210 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-1 family of cytokines are well-known for their primary role in initiating inflammatory responses both in response to and acting as danger signals. It has long been established that IL-1 is capable of simultaneously regulating inflammation and angiogenesis, indeed one of IL-1's earliest names was haemopoeitn-1 due to its pro-angiogenic effects. Other IL-1 family cytokines are also known to have roles in mediating angiogenesis, either directly or indirectly via induction of proangiogenic factors such as VEGF. Of note, some of these family members appear to have directly opposing effects in different tissues and pathologies. Here we will review what is known about how the various IL-1 family members regulate vascular permeability and angiogenic function in a range of different tissues, and describe some of the mechanisms employed to achieve these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Fahey
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah L Doyle
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
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29
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IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 Cytokines in Skin and Joint Inflammation: A Comprehensive Review of Their Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061257. [PMID: 30871134 PMCID: PMC6470667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-1 family of cytokines is composed of 11 members, including the most recently discovered IL-36α, β, γ, IL-37, and IL-38. Similar to IL-1, IL-36 cytokines are initiators and amplifiers of inflammation, whereas both IL-37 and IL-38 display anti-inflammatory activities. A few studies have outlined the role played by these cytokines in several inflammatory diseases. For instance, IL-36 agonists seem to be relevant for the pathogenesis of skin psoriasis whereas, despite being expressed within the synovial tissue, their silencing or overexpression do not critically influence the course of arthritis in mice. In this review, we will focus on the state of the art of the molecular features and biological roles of IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in representative skin- and joint-related inflammatory diseases, namely psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis. We will then offer an overview of the therapeutic potential of targeting the IL-36 axis in these diseases, either by blocking the proinflammatory agonists or enhancing the physiologic inhibitory feedback on the inflammation mediated by the antagonists IL-37 and IL-38.
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30
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Xu WD, Huang AF. Role of Interleukin-38 in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1462. [PMID: 29988385 PMCID: PMC6023968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-38 is the newest member of the IL-1 family. It can bind to several receptors, regulate the generation, function of inflammatory cytokines through the downstream signaling pathways. IL-38 is expressed in several tissues, such as placenta, heart, and brain. It is involved in a wide variety of diseases, including chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss the expression and biological functions of IL-38, especially the role in rheumatic autoimmune diseases. Collection of the information may improve the understanding of IL-38, and may give potential for theoretical basis for clinical trials and drug development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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31
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Palomo J, Troccaz S, Talabot-Ayer D, Rodriguez E, Palmer G. The severity of imiquimod-induced mouse skin inflammation is independent of endogenous IL-38 expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194667. [PMID: 29554104 PMCID: PMC5858842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-1 cytokine family includes eleven members, among which Il-36α, β and γ, IL-36Ra and IL-38. The IL-36 cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. IL-38 is also expressed in the skin and was previously proposed to act as an IL-36 antagonist. In this study, we thus examined expression and function of Il-38 in a mouse model of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced skin inflammation. Il-38 mRNA was detected in the epidermis and in primary mouse keratinocytes, but not in dermal fibroblasts. At the peak of IMQ-induced inflammation, skin Il-38 mRNA levels were reduced, whereas Il-36ra mRNA expression increased. The severity of IMQ-induced skin inflammation, as assessed by recording ear thickness and histological changes, was similar in Il-38 KO and WT littermate control mice, while, in contrast, Il-36ra-deficient mice displayed more severe skin pathology than their WT littermates. Il-38-deficiency had no impact on IMQ-induced expression of proinflammatory mediators in the skin in vivo, on the basal expression of various cytokines or chemokines by cultured primary keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in vitro, or on the response of these cells to Il-36β. Finally, after cessation of topical IMQ application, the resolution of skin inflammation was also not altered in Il-38 KO mice. In conclusion, Il-38-deficiency did not impact the development or resolution of IMQ-induced skin inflammation. Our observations further suggest that endogenous Il-38 does not exert Il-36 inhibitory activity in this model, or in cultured skin cells. A potential anti-inflammatory function of Il-38 in mouse skin thus still remains to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Palomo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sabina Troccaz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Talabot-Ayer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emiliana Rodriguez
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gaby Palmer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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32
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Alunno A, Carubbi F, Giacomelli R, Gerli R. Cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: new players and therapeutic targets. BMC Rheumatol 2017; 1:3. [PMID: 30886947 PMCID: PMC6383595 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-017-0001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the landscape of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines has rapidly expanded with the identification of new members proven to be involved at different extent in the pathogenesis of chronic immune mediated inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The advance of our understanding of mediators involved in the pathogenesis of RA and in consequence, the development of novel targeted therapies is necessary to provide patients not responding to currently available strategies with novel compounds. The aim of this review article is to provide an overview on recently identified cytokines, emphasizing their pathogenic role and therapeutic potential in RA. A systematic literature review was performed to retrieve articles related to every cytokine discussed in the review. In some cases, evidence from animal models and RA patients is already consistent to move forward into drug development. In others, conflicting observation and the paucity of data require further investigations.Forty years after the discovery of IL-1, the landscape of cytokines is continuously expanding with increasing possibilities to develop novel therapeutic strategies in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Alunno
- 1Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Carubbi
- 2Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,ASL1 Avezzano-L'Aquila-Sulmona, Department of Medicine, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- 2Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Gerli
- 1Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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33
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Takada K, Okamoto T, Tominaga M, Teraishi K, Akamine T, Takamori S, Katsura M, Toyokawa G, Shoji F, Okamoto M, Oda Y, Hoshino T, Maehara Y. Clinical implications of the novel cytokine IL-38 expressed in lung adenocarcinoma: Possible association with PD-L1 expression. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181598. [PMID: 28727766 PMCID: PMC5519175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-38, a novel member of the IL-1 cytokine family, is homologous to IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and IL-36Ra, and has been reported to act as an antagonist. IL-38 expression is found in tonsil, placenta, and spleen, and recent studies suggest an association between IL-38 and autoimmune diseases. However, whether IL-38 plays a role in carcinogenesis or cancer growth is unclear. In the present study, we identified increases in IL-38 expression by immunohistochemistry in multiple types of cancer cells. In the examination of 417 surgically resected primary lung adenocarcinomas, Fisher's exact tests showed significant associations between high IL-38 expression and high tumor grades, an advanced T status, advanced N status, advanced stage, and the presence of pleural and vessel invasions. Survival analyses by the Kaplan-Meier method showed that patients with high expression of IL-38 had significantly shorter disease-free survival and shorter overall survival after surgery than patients with low expression of IL-38 (log-rank test: P = 0.0021 and P = 0.0035, respectively). Moreover, programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive cases showed higher expression of IL-38 than PD-L1-negative cases (Wilcoxon rank-sum test: P < 0.0001). In conclusion, IL-38 was expressed in tumor cells of various cancers, and IL-38 expression was associated with poor survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients. IL-38 may affect host immunity or the tumor microenvironment, and contribute to the progression of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Takada
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Okamoto
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masaki Tominaga
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Teraishi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaki Akamine
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinkichi Takamori
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Katsura
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Gouji Toyokawa
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Shoji
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Okamoto
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hoshino
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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34
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Sharma J, Bhar S, Devi CS. A review on interleukins: The key manipulators in rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2017; 27:723-746. [DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2016.1266071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Sharma
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Sutonuka Bhar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - C. Subathra Devi
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
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