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Friedman P, Mamonova T. The molecular sociology of NHERF1 PDZ proteins controlling renal hormone-regulated phosphate transport. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231380. [PMID: 38465463 PMCID: PMC10987488 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) control extracellular phosphate levels by regulating renal NPT2A-mediated phosphate transport by a process requiring the PDZ scaffold protein NHERF1. NHERF1 possesses two PDZ domains, PDZ1 and PDZ2, with identical core-binding GYGF motifs explicitly recognizing distinct binding partners that play different and specific roles in hormone-regulated phosphate transport. The interaction of PDZ1 and the carboxy-terminal PDZ-binding motif of NPT2A (C-TRL) is required for basal phosphate transport. PDZ2 is a regulatory domain that scaffolds multiple biological targets, including kinases and phosphatases involved in FGF23 and PTH signaling. FGF23 and PTH trigger disassembly of the NHERF1-NPT2A complex through reversible hormone-stimulated phosphorylation with ensuing NPT2A sequestration, down-regulation, and cessation of phosphate absorption. In the absence of NHERF1-NPT2A interaction, inhibition of FGF23 or PTH signaling results in disordered phosphate homeostasis and phosphate wasting. Additional studies are crucial to elucidate how NHERF1 spatiotemporally coordinates cellular partners to regulate extracellular phosphate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Friedman
- Laboratory for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, U.S.A
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, U.S.A
| | - Tatyana Mamonova
- Laboratory for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, U.S.A
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Tyhonas JS, Arnold LD, Cox JM, Franovic A, Gardiner E, Grandinetti K, Kania R, Kanouni T, Lardy M, Li C, Martin ES, Miller N, Mohan A, Murphy EA, Perez M, Soroceanu L, Timple N, Uryu S, Womble S, Kaldor SW. Discovery of KIN-3248, An Irreversible, Next Generation FGFR Inhibitor for the Treatment of Advanced Tumors Harboring FGFR2 and/or FGFR3 Gene Alterations. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1734-1746. [PMID: 38267212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) alterations are present as oncogenic drivers and bypass mechanisms in many forms of cancer. These alterations can include fusions, amplifications, rearrangements, and mutations. Acquired drug resistance to current FGFR inhibitors often results in disease progression and unfavorable outcomes for patients. Genomic profiling of tumors refractory to current FGFR inhibitors in the clinic has revealed several acquired driver alterations that could be the target of next generation therapeutics. Herein, we describe how structure-based drug design (SBDD) was used to enable the discovery of the potent and kinome selective pan-FGFR inhibitor KIN-3248, which is active against many acquired resistance mutations. KIN-3248 is currently in phase I clinical development for the treatment of advanced tumors harboring FGFR2 and/or FGFR3 gene alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Tyhonas
- Kinnate Biopharma, San Diego, California 92130, United States
| | - Lee D Arnold
- Kinnate Biopharma, San Diego, California 92130, United States
| | - Jason M Cox
- Kinnate Biopharma, San Diego, California 92130, United States
| | | | | | | | - Robert Kania
- Kinnate Biopharma, San Diego, California 92130, United States
| | - Toufike Kanouni
- Kinnate Biopharma, San Diego, California 92130, United States
| | - Matthew Lardy
- Kinnate Biopharma, San Diego, California 92130, United States
| | - Chun Li
- Kinnate Biopharma, San Diego, California 92130, United States
| | - Eric S Martin
- Kinnate Biopharma, San Diego, California 92130, United States
| | - Nichol Miller
- Kinnate Biopharma, San Diego, California 92130, United States
| | - Adithi Mohan
- Kinnate Biopharma, San Diego, California 92130, United States
| | - Eric A Murphy
- Kinnate Biopharma, San Diego, California 92130, United States
| | - Michelle Perez
- Kinnate Biopharma, San Diego, California 92130, United States
| | | | - Noel Timple
- Kinnate Biopharma, San Diego, California 92130, United States
| | - Sean Uryu
- Kinnate Biopharma, San Diego, California 92130, United States
| | - Scott Womble
- Kinnate Biopharma, San Diego, California 92130, United States
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Feger M, Alber J, Strotmann J, Grund A, Leifheit-Nestler M, Haffner D, Föller M. Short-term fasting of mice elevates circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14049. [PMID: 37746883 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis are controlled by fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) from bone suppressing renal phosphate transport and enhancing 24-hydroxylase (Cyp24a1), thereby inactivating 1,25(OH)2 D3 . Serum FGF23 is correlated with outcomes in several diseases. Fasting stimulates the production of ketone bodies. We hypothesized that fasting can induce FGF23 synthesis through the production of ketone bodies. METHODS UMR106 cells and isolated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) were treated with ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate. Mice were fasted overnight, fed ad libitum, or treated with β-hydroxybutyrate. Proteins and further blood parameters were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), western blotting, immunohistochemistry, fluorometric or colorimetric methods, and gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS β-Hydroxybutyrate stimulated FGF23 production in UMR106 cells in a nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B-cells (NFκB)-dependent manner, and in NRVMs. Compared to fed animals, fasted mice exhibited higher β-hydroxybutyrate and FGF23 serum levels (based on assays either detecting C-terminal or intact, biologically active FGF23 only), cardiac, pancreatic, and thymic Fgf23 and renal Cyp24a1 expression, and lower 1,25(OH)2 D3 serum concentration as well as renal Slc34a1 and αKlotho (Kl) expression. In contrast, Fgf23 expression in bone and serum phosphate, calcium, plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration, and renal Cyp27b1 expression were not significantly affected by fasting. CONCLUSION Short-term fasting increased FGF23 production, as did administration of β-hydroxybutyrate, effects possibly of clinical relevance in view of the increasing use of FGF23 as a surrogate parameter in clinical monitoring of diseases. The fasting state of patients might therefore affect FGF23 tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Feger
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jana Alber
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörg Strotmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andrea Grund
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren Leifheit-Nestler
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dieter Haffner
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Föller
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Clinkenbeard E. Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Bone Regulation and Downstream Hormonal Activity. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:4-20. [PMID: 37306735 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mineral homeostasis of calcium and phosphate levels is one critical component to the maintenance of bone mineral density (BMD) and strength. Diseases that disrupt calcium and phosphate balanced have highlighted not only the role these minerals play in overall bone homeostasis, but also the factors, hormones and downstream transporters, responsible for mineral metabolism. The key phosphaturic hormone elucidated from studying rare heritable disorders of hypophosphatemia is Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23). FGF23 is predominantly secreted from bone cells in an effort to maintain phosphate balance by directly controlling renal reabsorption and indirectly affecting intestinal uptake of this mineral. Multiple factors have been shown to enhance bone mRNA expression; however, FGF23 can also undergo proteolytic cleavage to control secretion of the biologically active form of the hormone. The review focuses specifically on the regulation of FGF23 and its secretion from bone as well as its hormonal actions under physiological and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Clinkenbeard
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 635 Barnhill Drive MS 5023, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Zhu Z, Qin S, Zhang T, He M, Zheng W, Zhao T, Gao M, Chen Z, Zhou B, Xia G, Wang C. Pre-granulosa cell-derived FGF23 protects oocytes from premature apoptosis during primordial follicle formation by inhibiting p38 MAPK in mice. J Biol Chem 2023:104776. [PMID: 37142227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of oocytes in the perinatal ovary in rodents get lost for unknown reasons. The granulosa cell-oocyte mutual communication is pivotal for directing formation of the primordial follicle, however little is known if paracrine factors participate in modulating programmed oocyte death perinatally. We report here that pre-granulosa cell-derived fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) functioned in preventing oocyte apoptosis in the perinatal mouse ovary. Our results showed that FGF23 was exclusively expressed in pre-granulosa cells while fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) were specifically expressed in the oocytes in perinatal ovaries. FGFR1 was one of the representative receptors in mediating FGF23 signaling during the formation of the primordial follicle. In cultured ovaries, the number of alive oocytes declines significantly, accompanied by the activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, under the condition of FGFR1 disruption by specific inhibitors of FGFR1 or silencing of Fgf23. As a result, oocyte apoptosis increased and eventually led to a decrease in the number of germ cells in perinatal ovaries following the treatments. In the perinatal mouse ovary, pre-granulosa cell-derived FGF23 binds to FGFR1 and activates at least, the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, thereby regulating the level of apoptosis during primordial follicle formation. This study re-emphasizes the importance of granulosa cell - oocyte mutual communication in modulating primordial follicle formation and supporting oocyte survival under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaogang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China
| | - Meina He
- College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China
| | - Wenying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ziqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Rubio-Aliaga I, Krapf R. Phosphate intake, hyperphosphatemia, and kidney function. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:935-947. [PMID: 35511366 PMCID: PMC9338892 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate is essential in living organisms and its blood levels are regulated by a complex network involving the kidneys, intestine, parathyroid glands, and the skeleton. The crosstalk between these organs is executed primarily by three hormones, calcitriol, parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor 23. Largely due to a higher intake of ultraprocessed foods, dietary phosphate intake has increased in the last decades. The average intake is now about twice the recommended dietary allowance. Studies investigating the side effect of chronic high dietary phosphate intake suffer from incomplete dietary phosphate assessment and, therefore, often make data interpretation difficult. Renal excretion is quickly adapted to acute and chronic phosphate intake. However, at the high ends of dietary intake, renal adaptation, even in pre-existing normal kidney function, apparently is not perfect. Experimental intervention studies suggest that chronic excess of dietary phosphate can result in sustained higher blood phosphate leading to hyperphosphatemia. Evidence exists that the price of the homeostatic response (phosphaturia in response to phosphate loading/hyperphosphatemia) is an increased risk for declining kidney function, partly due by intraluminal/tubular calcium phosphate particles that provoke renal inflammation. High dietary phosphate intake and hyperphosphatemia are progression factors for declining kidney function and are associated with higher cardiovascular disease and mortality risk. This is best established for pre-existing chronic kidney disease, but epidemiological and experimental data strongly suggest that this holds true for subjects with normal renal function as well. Here, we review the latest advances in phosphate intake and kidney function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Rubio-Aliaga
- Institute of Physiology, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Reto Krapf
- Synlab Suisse, 6002, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Paese CLB, Chang CF, Kristeková D, Brugmann SA. Pharmacological intervention of the FGF-PTH axis as a potential therapeutic for craniofacial ciliopathies. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:275968. [PMID: 35818799 PMCID: PMC9403750 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies represent a disease class characterized by a broad range of phenotypes including polycystic kidneys and skeletal anomalies. Ciliopathic skeletal phenotypes are among the most common and most difficult to treat due to a poor understanding of the pathological mechanisms leading to disease. Using an avian model (talpid2) for a human ciliopathy with both kidney and skeletal anomalies (Orofaciodigital syndrome 14), we identified disruptions in the FGF23-PTH axis that resulted in reduced calcium uptake in the developing mandible and subsequent micrognathia. While pharmacological intervention with the FDA-approved pan-FGFR inhibitor AZD4547 alone rescued expression of the FGF target Sprouty2, it did not significantly rescue micrognathia. In contrast, treatment with a cocktail of AZD4547 and Teriparatide acetate, a PTH agonist and FDA-approved treatment for osteoporosis, resulted in a molecular, cellular, and phenotypic rescue of ciliopathic micrognathia in talpid2 mutants. Together, these data provide novel insight into pathological molecular mechanisms associated with ciliopathic skeletal phenotypes and a potential therapeutic strategy for a pleiotropic disease class with limited to no treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Louis Bonatto Paese
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ching-Fang Chang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Daniela Kristeková
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Samantha A Brugmann
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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8
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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Takashi Y, Kawanami D. The Role of Bone-Derived Hormones in Glucose Metabolism, Diabetic Kidney Disease, and Cardiovascular Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042376. [PMID: 35216490 PMCID: PMC8879859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone contributes to supporting the body, protecting the central nervous system and other organs, hematopoiesis, the regulation of mineral metabolism (mainly calcium and phosphate), and assists in respiration. Bone has many functions in the body. Recently, it was revealed that bone also works as an endocrine organ and secretes several systemic humoral factors, including fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), osteocalcin (OC), sclerostin, and lipocalin 2. Bone can communicate with other organs via these hormones. In particular, it has been reported that these bone-derived hormones are involved in glucose metabolism and diabetic complications. Some functions of these bone-derived hormones can become useful biomarkers that predict the incidence of diabetes and the progression of diabetic complications. Furthermore, other functions are considered to be targets for the prevention or treatment of diabetes and its complications. As is well known, diabetes is now a worldwide health problem, and many efforts have been made to treat diabetes. Thus, further investigations of the endocrine system through bone-derived hormones may provide us with new perspectives on the prediction, prevention, and treatment of diabetes. In this review, we summarize the role of bone-derived hormones in glucose metabolism, diabetic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disorders.
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Ramser A, Greene E, Wideman R, Dridi S. Local and Systemic Cytokine, Chemokine, and FGF Profile in Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis (BCO)-Affected Broilers. Cells 2021; 10:3174. [PMID: 34831397 PMCID: PMC8620240 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex disease states, like bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO), not only result in physiological symptoms, such as lameness, but also a complex systemic reaction involving immune and growth factor responses. For the modern broiler (meat-type) chickens, BCO is an animal welfare, production, and economic concern involving bacterial infection, inflammation, and bone attrition with a poorly defined etiology. It is, therefore, critical to define the key inflammatory and bone-related factors involved in BCO. In this study, the local bone and systemic blood profile of inflammatory modulators, cytokines, and chemokines was elucidated along with inflammasome and key FGF genes. BCO-affected bone showed increased expression of cytokines IL-1β, while BCO-affected blood expressed upregulated TNFα and IL-12. The chemokine profile revealed increased IL-8 expression in both BCO-affected bone and blood in addition to inflammasome NLRC5 being upregulated in circulation. The key FGF receptor, FGFR1, was significantly downregulated in BCO-affected bone. The exposure of two different bone cell types, hFOB and chicken primary chondrocytes, to plasma from BCO-affected birds, as well as recombinant TNFα, resulted in significantly decreased cell viability. These results demonstrate an expression of proinflammatory and bone-resorptive factors and their potential contribution to BCO etiology through their impact on bone cell viability. This unique profile could be used for improved non-invasive detection of BCO and provides potential targets for treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Ramser
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (E.G.); (R.W.)
- Department of Poultry Science, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Elizabeth Greene
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (E.G.); (R.W.)
| | - Robert Wideman
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (E.G.); (R.W.)
| | - Sami Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (E.G.); (R.W.)
- Department of Poultry Science, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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