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Chen Y, Jiang X, Yuan Y, Chen Y, Wei S, Yu Y, Zhou Q, Yu Y, Wang J, Liu H, Hua X, Yang Z, Chen Z, Li Y, Wang Q, Chen J, Wang Y. Coptisine inhibits neointimal hyperplasia through attenuating Pak1/Pak2 signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells without retardation of re-endothelialization. Atherosclerosis 2024; 391:117480. [PMID: 38447436 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vascular injury-induced endothelium-denudation and profound vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation and dis-regulated apoptosis lead to post-angioplasty restenosis. Coptisine (CTS), an isoquinoline alkaloid, has multiple beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Recent studies identified it selectively inhibits VSMCs proliferation. However, its effects on neointimal hyperplasia, re-endothelialization, and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. METHODS Cell viability was assayed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence of Ki67 and TUNEL. Quantitative phosphoproteomics (QPP) was employed to screen CTS-responsive phosphor-sites in the key regulators of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Neointimal hyperplasia was induced by balloon injury of rat left carotid artery (LCA). Adenoviral gene transfer was conducted in both cultured cells and LCA. Re-endothelialization was evaluated by Evan's blue staining of LCA. RESULTS 1) CTS had strong anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in cultured rat VSMCs, with the EC50 4∼10-folds lower than that in endothelial cells (ECs). 2) Rats administered with CTS, either locally to LCA's periadventitial space or orally, demonstrated a potently inhibited balloon injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia, but had no delaying effect on re-endothelialization. 3) The QPP results revealed that the phosphorylation levels of Pak1S144/S203, Pak2S20/S197, Erk1T202/Y204, Erk2T185/Y187, and BadS136 were significantly decreased in VSMCs by CTS. 4) Adenoviral expression of phosphomimetic mutants Pak1D144/D203/Pak2D20/D197 enhanced Pak1/2 activities, stimulated the downstream pErk1T202/Y204/pErk2T185/Y187/pErk3S189/pBadS136, attenuated CTS-mediated inhibition of VSMCs proliferation and promotion of apoptosis in vitro, and potentiated neointimal hyperplasia in vivo. 5) Adenoviral expression of phosphoresistant mutants Pak1A144/A203/Pak2A20/A197 inactivated Pak1/2 and totally simulated the inhibitory effects of CTS on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated VSMCs proliferation and PDGF-inhibited apoptosis in vitro and neointimal hyperplasia in vivo. 6) LCA injury significantly enhanced the endogenous phosphorylation levels of all but pBadS136. CTS markedly attenuated all the enhanced levels. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that CTS is a promising medicine for prevention of post-angioplasty restenosis without adverse impact on re-endothelialization. CTS-directed suppression of pPak1S144/S203/pPak2S20/S197 and the subsequent effects on downstream pErk1T202/Y204/pErk2T185/Y187/pErk3S189 and pBadS136 underline its mechanisms of inhibition of VSMCs proliferation and stimulation of apoptosis. Therefore, the phosphor-sites of Pak1S144/S203/Pak2S20/S197 constitute a potential drug-screening target for fighting neointimal hyperplasia restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Chen
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xueze Jiang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Cardiology, Baoshan Branch of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yuchan Yuan
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Sisi Wei
- Children Inherited Metabolism and Endocrine Department, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511400, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Julie Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Med, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuesheng Hua
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhenwei Yang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yigang Li
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qunshan Wang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yuepeng Wang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Sharif H, Akash MSH, Rehman K, Irshad K, Imran I. Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis: Association of risk factors and treatment strategies using plant-based bioactive compounds. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13449. [PMID: 32851658 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, endothelial cells act as protective barrier which prevents direct contact of blood with circulating factors via production of tissue plasminogen activator. Risk factors of metabolic disorders are responsible to induce endothelial dysfunction and may consequently lead to prognosis of atherosclerosis. This article summarizes the process of atherosclerosis which involves number of sequences including formation and interaction of AGE-RAGE, activation of polyol pathway, protein kinase C, and hexosamine-mediated pathway. All these mechanisms can lead to the development of oxidative stress which may further aggravate condition. Different pharmacological interventions are being used to treat atherosclerosis, however, these might be associated with mild to severe side effects. Therefore, plant-based bioactive compounds having potential to combat and prevent atherosclerosis in diabetic patients are attaining recent focus. By understanding process of development and mechanisms involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation, these bioactive compounds can be better option for future therapeutic interventions for atherosclerosis treatment. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Atherosclerosis is one of major underlying disorders of cardiovascular diseases which occur through multiple mechanisms and is associated with metabolic disorders. Conventional therapeutic interventions are not only used to treat atherosclerosis, but are also commonly associated with mild to severe side effects. Therefore, nowadays, bioactive compounds having potential to combat and prevent atherosclerosis in diabetic patients are preferred. By understanding mechanisms involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation, bioactive compounds can be better understood for treatment of atherosclerosis. In this manuscript, we have focused on treatment strategies of atherosclerosis using bioactive compounds notably alkaloids and flavonoids having diverse pharmacological and therapeutic potentials with special focus on the mechanism of action of these bioactive compounds suitable for treatment of atherosclerosis. This manuscript will provide the scientific insights of bioactive compounds to researchers who are working in the area of drug discovery and development to control pathogenesis and development of atherosclerosis and its associated cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Sharif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Irshad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Shi LL, Jia WH, Zhang L, Xu CY, Chen X, Yin L, Wang NQ, Fang LH, Qiang GF, Yang XY, Du GH. Glucose consumption assay discovers coptisine with beneficial effect on diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 859:172523. [PMID: 31279667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Many drugs with anti-diabetic effects regulate glucose consumption in peripheral tissues. Via cellular glucose consumption assays, we identified that coptisine, a main effective constituent from the plant Coptis chinensis, enhanced hepatic and skeletal muscle glucose consumption. We further explored its effects on glucose metabolism in diabetic animals to elucidate its mechanism of action. Our results showed that coptisine did not show cytotoxicity. Intragastric administration of coptisine for ten days in normal ICR mice markedly decreased fasting blood-glucose levels without significant effects on body weight. In alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic mice, intragastric administration of coptisine for 28 days decreased fasting and non-fasting blood-glucose levels as well. In type 2 diabetic KKAy mice, intragastric administration of coptisine for nine weeks improved glucose tolerance. It decreased fasting/non-fasting blood-glucose and fructosamine levels. Coptisine decreased low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels, however, had no significant effect on triglyceride levels. Coptisine increased AMPK phosphorylation while decreasing Akt phosphorylation in HepG2 hepatic cells and C2C12 myotubes. Coptisine also reduced mitochondrial respiration in isolated and cellular mitochondria, suggesting that coptisine lowered cellular energy levels. In particularly, coptisine administration (10-6 M) decreased the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) with a greater extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), resulting in an oxidative-to-glycolysis phosphorylation shifted for cellular energy generation. Our results demonstrate that coptisine acts as an enhancer of peripheral glucose consumption could improve glucose metabolism in diabetic animals. Coptisine may serve as a novel anti-diabetic agent and warrant further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chun-Yang Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Haerbin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Nuo-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lian-Hua Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Gui-Fen Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiu-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
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Feng X, Sureda A, Jafari S, Memariani Z, Tewari D, Annunziata G, Barrea L, Hassan ST, Šmejkal K, Malaník M, Sychrová A, Barreca D, Ziberna L, Mahomoodally MF, Zengin G, Xu S, Nabavi SM, Shen AZ. Berberine in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: From Mechanisms to Therapeutics. Theranostics 2019; 9:1923-1951. [PMID: 31037148 PMCID: PMC6485276 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (CVMD) are the leading causes of death worldwide, underscoring the urgent necessity to develop new pharmacotherapies. Berberine (BBR) is an eminent component of traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine for more than 2000 years. Recently, BBR has attracted much interest for its pharmacological actions in treating and/or managing CVMD. Recent discoveries of basic, translational and clinical studies have identified many novel molecular targets of BBR (such as AMPK, SIRT1, LDLR, PCSK9, and PTP1B) and provided novel evidences supporting the promising therapeutic potential of BBR to combat CVMD. Thus, this review provides a timely overview of the pharmacological properties and therapeutic application of BBR in CVMD, and underlines recent pharmacological advances which validate BBR as a promising lead drug against CVMD.
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Hesari A, Ghasemi F, Cicero AFG, Mohajeri M, Rezaei O, Hayat SMG, Sahebkar A. Berberine: A potential adjunct for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers? J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9655-9663. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AmirReza Hesari
- Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghasemi
- Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran
| | - Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Mohammad Mohajeri
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Omid Rezaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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6
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Lang L, Hu Q, Wang J, Liu Z, Huang J, Lu W, Huang Y. Coptisine, a natural alkaloid from Coptidis Rhizoma
, inhibits plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1324-1332. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Qian Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Zehui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Jin Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Weiqiang Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
| | - Ying Huang
- Guangdong Institute for Drug Control; Guangzhou Guangdong China
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Zhang ZH, Yan Y, Deng AJ, Zhang HJ, Li ZH, Yuan TY, Fang LH, Wu LQ, Du GH, Qin HL. Synthesis of quaternary 8-(1-acylethene-1-yl)-13-methylcoptisine chlorides and their selective growth inhibitory activity between human cancer cell lines and normal intestinal epithelial cell-6. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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8
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Feng M, Kong SZ, Wang ZX, He K, Zou ZY, Hu YR, Ma H, Li XG, Ye XL. The protective effect of coptisine on experimental atherosclerosis ApoE−/− mice is mediated by MAPK/NF-κB-dependent pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:721-729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Rao PC, Begum S, Sahai M, Sriram DS. Coptisine-induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and reactive oxygen species-dependent mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317694565. [PMID: 28351307 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317694565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effect of coptisine on non-small-cell lung cancer and its mechanism through various in vitro cellular models (A549). Results claimed significant inhibition of proliferation by coptisine against A549, H460, and H2170 cells with IC50 values of 18.09, 29.50, and 21.60 µM, respectively. Also, coptisine exhibited upregulation of pH2AX, cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and downregulation of the expression of cyclin B1, cdc2, and cdc25C and upregulation of p21 dose dependently. Furthermore, induction of apoptosis in A549 cells by coptisine was characterized by the activation of caspase 9, caspase 8, and caspase 3, and cleavage of poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase. In addition, coptisine was found to increase reactive oxygen species generation, upregulate Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential, and cause cytochrome c release into the cytosol. Besides, treatment with a reactive oxygen species inhibitor (N-acetyl cysteine) abrogated coptisine-induced growth inhibition, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species generation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, the mediation of reactive oxygen species in the apoptosis-induced effect of coptisine in A549 cells was corroborated. These findings have offered new insights into the effect and mechanisms of action of coptisine against non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorna Chandra Rao
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sajeli Begum
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mahendra Sahai
- 2 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - D Saketh Sriram
- 3 Biological Research Department, Incozen Therapeutics Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, India
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Huang T, Xiao Y, Yi L, Li L, Wang M, Tian C, Ma H, He K, Wang Y, Han B, Ye X, Li X. Coptisine from Rhizoma Coptidis Suppresses HCT-116 Cells-related Tumor Growth in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:38524. [PMID: 28165459 PMCID: PMC5292956 DOI: 10.1038/srep38524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death in humans. Coptisine (COP) is a natural alkaloid from Coptidis Rhizoma with unclear antitumor mechanism. Human colon cancer cells (HCT-116) and xenograft mice were used to systematically explore the anti-tumor activity of COP in this study. The results indicated that COP exhibited remarkably cytotoxic activities against the HCT-116 cells by inducing G1-phase cell cycle arrest and increasing apoptosis, and preferentially inhibited the survival pathway and induced the activation of caspase proteases family of HCT-116 cells. Experimental results on male BALB/c nude mice confirmed that orally administration of COP at high-dose (150 mg/kg) could suppress tumor growth, and may reduce cancer metastasis risk by inhibiting the RAS-ERK pathway in vivo. Taken together, the results suggested that COP may be potential as a novel anti-tumor candidate in the HCT-116 cells-related colon cancer, further studies are still needed to suggest COP for the further use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- School of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yubo Xiao
- School of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan University of Medicine, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Lin Yi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing Cancer Institute & Hospital & Cancer Center, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Meimei Wang
- School of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Cheng Tian
- School of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hang Ma
- School of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Kai He
- School of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan University of Medicine, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bing Han
- School of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xuegang Li
- School of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing 400716, China
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Kido K, Sato K, Makanae Y, Ato S, Hayashi T, Fujita S. Herbal supplement Kamishimotsuto augments resistance exercise-induced mTORC1 signaling in rat skeletal muscle. Nutrition 2015; 32:108-13. [PMID: 26423232 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Kamishimotsuto (KST) is a supplement containing 13 different herbs including Phellodendron bark, Anemarrhena rhizome and ginseng that have been shown to activate mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and thereby increase muscle protein synthesis in vitro. However, the combined effect of KST and resistance exercise on muscle protein anabolism has not been investigated in vivo. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of KST supplementation, resistance exercise on (mTORC1) signaling and subsequent muscle protein synthesis. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: one group received KST (500 mg/kg/d in water) and the other group received placebo (PLA) for 7 d. After 12 h of fasting, the right gastrocnemius muscle was isometrically exercised via percutaneous electrical stimulation. Muscle samples were analyzed for muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and by western blotting analysis to assess the phosphorylation of p70S6K (Thr389), rpS6 (Ser240/244), and Akt (Ser473 and Thr308). RESULTS KST supplementation for 7 d significantly increased basal p-Akt (Ser473) levels compared with PLA, phosphorylation of the signaling proteins and MPS at baseline were otherwise unaffected. p-p70S6K and p-rpS6 levels significantly increased 1 h and 3 h after exercise in the PLA group, and these elevations were augmented in the KST group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, MPS at 6 h after resistance exercise was greater in the KST group than in the PLA group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS While resistance exercise alone was able to increase p70S6K and rpS6 phosphorylation, Kamishimotsuto supplementation further augmented resistance exercise-induced muscle protein synthesis through mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kido
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Koji Sato
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yuhei Makanae
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Satoru Ato
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Hayashi
- R&D Center, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
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12
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Syntheses and structure–activity relationships in cytotoxicities of 13-substituted quaternary coptisine derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:542-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Ishii K, Sugimura Y. Identification of a new pharmacological activity of the phenylpiperazine derivative naftopidil: tubulin-binding drug. J Chem Biol 2014; 8:5-9. [PMID: 25584077 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-014-0122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenylpiperazine derivative naftopidil is an α1-adrenoceptor (AR) antagonist that has been used clinically to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia. In our drug repositioning research, naftopidil shows the unique growth-inhibitory effects. Naftopidil inhibits cell cycle progression not only in cancer cells, but also in fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells. Naftopidil-inhibited cell cycle progression is independent of α1-AR expression in cells. Therefore, the antiproliferative effects of naftopidil may be due to the off-target effects of the drug. In this study, we attempted to identify the off-target molecules of naftopidil using the magnetic nanobeads, ferrite glycidyl metharcrylate (FG) beads. Similar to naftopidil, its derivatives TG09-01 and TG09-02, which were introduced with amino groups for immobilizing to FG beads, inhibited cell growth in human HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cells. Both derivatives were associated with inhibition of cell cycle progression in HT29 cells. This observation is consistent with that seen with naftopidil. Using TG09-02-immobilized FG beads, α- and β-tubulins were identified as the specific binding proteins of naftopidil. The tubulin polymerization assay clearly indicated that naftopidil bound directly to tubulin and inhibited the polymerization of tubulin. Other phenylpiperazine derivatives, such as RS100329, BMY7378, and KN-62, also inhibited the polymerization of tubulin. These results suggest that phenylpiperazine derivatives including naftopidil may have broad spectrum of cellular cytotoxicity in various types of cells. In addition, the tubulin polymerization-inhibiting activity of phenylpiperazine derivatives may be a specific feature of the phenylpiperazine-based structure. These findings can allow us to design and synthesize new tubulin-binding drugs derived from naftopidil as a lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Ishii
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan ; Department of Oncologic Pathology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sugimura
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
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14
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Zhang ZH, Wu LQ, Deng AJ, Yu JQ, Li ZH, Zhang HJ, Wang WJ, Qin HL. New synthetic method of 8-oxocoptisine starting from natural quaternary coptisine as anti-ulcerative colitis agent. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2014; 16:841-846. [PMID: 25027365 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2014.932778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Quaternary coptisine (1), a natural bioactive quaternary protoberberine alkaloid (QPA), was treated with potassium ferricyanide in aqueous solution of 5 N sodium hydroxide leading to the acquisition of 8-oxocoptisine (2) with much higher yield than reported in the literature. This is the first report of the oxidation of a natural QPA by applying potassium ferricyanide as an oxidant. 8-Oxocoptisine showed significant anti-ulcerative colitis efficacy in vitro with EC50 value being 8.12 × 10(- 8) M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
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15
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Yoon SW, Jeong JS, Kim JH, Aggarwal BB. Cancer Prevention and Therapy: Integrating Traditional Korean Medicine Into Modern Cancer Care. Integr Cancer Ther 2013; 13:310-31. [PMID: 24282099 DOI: 10.1177/1534735413510023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of billions of dollars spent on cancer research each year, overall cancer incidence and cancer survival has not changed significantly in the last half century. Instead, the recent projection from the World Health Organization suggests that global cancer incidence and death is expected to double within the next decade. This requires an "out of the box" thinking approach. While traditional medicine used for thousands of years is safe and affordable, its efficacy and mechanism of action are not fully reported. Demonstrating that traditional medicine is efficacious and how it works can provide a "bed to bench" and "bench to bed" back approach toward prevention and treatment of cancer. This current review is an attempt to describe the contributions of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) to modern medicine and, in particular, cancer treatment. TKM suggests that cancer is an outcome of an imbalance of body, mind, and spirit; thus, it requires a multimodal treatment approach that involves lifestyle modification, herbal prescription, acupuncture, moxibustion, traditional exercise, and meditation to restore the balance. Old wisdoms in combination with modern science can find a new way to deal with the "emperor of all maladies."
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Woo Yoon
- Department of Korean Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Soo Jeong
- Department of Korean Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bharat B Aggarwal
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Gong LL, Fang LH, Qin HL, Lv Y, Du GH. Analysis of the mechanisms underlying the vasorelaxant action of coptisine in rat aortic rings. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 40:309-20. [PMID: 22419425 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the vasorelaxant effects of coptisine and its possible mechanisms in isolated rat aortic rings. Coptisine was evaluated on isolated rat aortic rings precontracted with norepinephrine (NE) and KCl. The mechanisms were evaluated in the presence or absence of specific pharmacological inhibitors. Coptisine (1 ~ 200 μM) relaxed NE (1 μM) or KCl (60 mM) induced sustained contraction with pEC(50) values of 4.49 ± 0.48 and 4.85 ± 0.57 in a concentration dependent manner. Pretreatment with coptisine (10, 50 or 100 μM) also inhibited concentration-response curves to NE and KCl. The vasorelaxant effect of coptisine was attenuated significantly by endothelium removal, and incubation with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 μM), methylene blue (10 μM) and indomethacin (5 μM) partially reduced the vasorelaxant effect of coptisine. In endothelium-denuded rings, the vasorelaxant effect of coptisine was reduced significantly by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 100 μM), but not glibenclamide (10 μM) ortetraethylammonium (TEA, 5 mM). Coptisine also reduced NE-induced transient contraction in Ca(2+)-free solution, and inhibited contraction induced by increasing external calcium in Ca(2+)-free medium plus 60 mM KCl. It was concluded that coptisine induced both endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation in rat aortic rings. The NO-cGMP mediated pathway may be involved in the endothelium-dependent relaxation and in the activation of voltage-dependent K(+) channels, contributing in part to the endothelium-independent relaxation bycoptisine. Coptisine also blocks extracellular Ca(2+) influx by interacting with both voltage- and receptor-operated Ca(2+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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17
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Gong LL, Fang LH, Wang SB, Sun JL, Qin HL, Li XX, Wang SB, Du GH. Coptisine exert cardioprotective effect through anti-oxidative and inhibition of RhoA/Rho kinase pathway on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Atherosclerosis 2012; 222:50-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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18
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Wu H, Zhang LB, Du LM. Ionic liquid sensitized fluorescence determination of four isoquinoline alkaloids. Talanta 2011; 85:787-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Suzuki H, Tanabe H, Mizukami H, Inoue M. Differential gene expression in rat vascular smooth muscle cells following treatment with coptisine exerts a selective antiproliferative effect. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:634-638. [PMID: 21401114 DOI: 10.1021/np100645d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It is known that coptisine (1), an isoquinoline alkaloid, selectively inhibits proliferation of rat primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In the present study, the characteristics of its antiproliferative effect on several types of smooth muscle-like cells were investigated and compared to the effects of berberine (2) and palmatine (3). To clarify further the mechanism underlying the VSMC-selective antiproliferative effect of 1, the genes responsible were investigated by determining which mRNAs showed expression regulated by 1. Coptisine (1) showed a greater antiproliferative effect on smooth muscle cells derived from the aorta than on those derived from other organs. Analysis of the mRNA expression revealed that 1 upregulated two genes, growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible alpha (Gadd45a) and response gene to complement32 (Rgc32). Both genes remained unchanged in 3Y1 fibroblasts and were not affected by 2 and 3. Coptisine (1) was found to induce the mRNA of the Gadd45a and Rgc32 genes, specifically in VSMC. Activation of these genes by 1 may mediate inhibition of cell-cycle progression. However, as these genes are commonly expressed in various cell types, a selective target for 1 activity is likely to exist upstream of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Medicinal Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
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20
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Application of 1H-NMR spectroscopy to validation of berberine alkaloid reagents and to chemical evaluation of Coptidis Rhizoma. J Nat Med 2010; 65:262-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-010-0490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Suzuki H, Tanabe H, Mizukami H, Inoue M. Selective regulation of multidrug resistance protein in vascular smooth muscle cells by the isoquinoline alkaloid coptisine. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:677-82. [PMID: 20410605 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
When the biological activites of hydrophobic drugs or xenobiotics are studied, it is important to clarify their effects on expression and function of multidrug resistance (MDR) protein. We therefore evaluated the effects of coptisine on MDR in comparison with the structurally related isoquinoline alkaloids berberine and palmatine. To achieve this, we investigated the effects of the three alkaloids on the expression and function of P-glycoprotein/MDR1, MDR1 gene products, in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In A10 cells (a rat VSMC line), coptisine upregulated the mRNAs of Mdr1a and Mdr1b, rodent homologues of human MDR1, and these effects were completely abrogated by actinomycin D. Coptisine also induced Mdr1a/1b protein expression and enhanced the efflux of rhodamine 123 from A10 cells. In contrast, berberine and palmatine slightly upregulated the mRNAs of Mdr1a and Mdr1b, but failed to induce Mdr1a/1b protein expression or stimulate rhodamine 123 efflux. To clarify whether these effects occurred in other cells, the effects of the three alkaloids on Mdr1a/1b function were examined in 3Y1, dRLh-84 and B16 cells. Coptisine and berberine enhanced rhodamine 123 efflux in all three cell types, while palmatine inhibited it, based on the finding that palmatine efficiently activated the Mdr1a ATPase activity as a good substrate for Mdr1a. Therefore, the three isoquinoline alkaloids regulated MDR differently in cell type-specific manners. In particular, only coptisine induced Mdr1a/1b in A10 cells and stimulated rhodamine 123 efflux. Taken together, coptisine appears to exert VSMC-selective effects on Mdr1a/1b induction in contrast to berberine and palmatine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Medicinal Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Japan
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22
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Kim JM, Jung HA, Choi JS, Min BS, Lee NG. Comparative analysis of the anti-inflammatory activity of Huang-lian extracts in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophage-like cells using oligonucleotide microarrays. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:1149-57. [PMID: 20803116 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-0803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we attempted to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of a medicinal plant huang-lian using gene expression profiles as an index. Huang-line extracts (CEXs) were prepared from seven different plant origins and compared for their chemical composition and biological activity. In order to achieve this, RAW264.7 cells were treated with CEXs in the absence or presence of LPS for 6 h, and the differential gene expression profiles were analyzed using oligonucleotide microarrays. The alkaloid content of CEXs was determined by high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of CEXs was by measuring a decrease in cytokines and nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that three CEXs from Coptis chinensis formed a cluster separate from the other four CEXs in LPS-stimulated cells, and were the most effective anti-inflammatoryagents. The extract prepared from Picrorrhiza kurrooa neither induced any changes in gene expression profiles nor possessed any anti-inflammatory activity. The extract from Jeffersonia dubia, which exhibited the highest cytotoxicity among the CEXs tested, was most effective in suppressing LPS-induced nitric oxide production but was not able to inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that overall gene expression profiles of the extracts correlated well with their biological activity and that CEXs prepared from plants of diverse origins vary in their biological activity. These data also suggest that gene expression profiles may serve as a good indicator for the pharmacological activities of medicinal plants arising from diverse origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Kim
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Korea
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23
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Advance of studies on anti-atherosclerosis mechanism of berberine. Chin J Integr Med 2010; 16:188-92. [PMID: 20473748 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-010-0188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coptis Chinensis is a traditional Chinese medicine herb that has the effect of clearing heat and drying dampness, purging fire to eliminate toxin. Berberine is the main alkaloid of Coptis Chinensis, and, recent researches showed that berberine had the effect of anti-atherosclerosis. This paper reviewed the anti-atherosclerosis mechanism of berberine, which may be related to regulating lipids, anti-inflammation, decompression, reducing blood sugar, and inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.
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24
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Ma BL, Ma YM, Shi R, Wang TM, Zhang N, Wang CH, Yang Y. Identification of the toxic constituents in Rhizoma Coptidis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 128:357-364. [PMID: 20117200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Rhizoma Coptidis (Huanglian) is a widely used Traditional Chinese Medicine. However, it causes human as well as animal toxicities. In this study, we aimed to ascertain the toxic constituents in Rhizoma Coptidis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The acute toxicity of both the total extract and the alkaloid-rich extract of Rhizoma Coptidis were tested in mice. The dose related tissue concentration of the Rhizoma Coptidis alkaloids in mice was determined using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The influence of phenobarbital sodium [a non-selective hepatic enzyme (P450) inducer] on the acute toxicity of Rhizoma Coptidis as well as the tissue concentration of the alkaloids was investigated. The cytotoxicity of the Rhizoma Coptidis alkaloids was tested in six cell lines using the MTT assay. RESULTS The median acute oral lethal dose of the total extract of Rhizoma Coptidis was 2.95g/kg in mice. The alkaloid-rich extract was much more toxic than the total extract of Rhizoma Coptidis. Four Rhizoma Coptidis alkaloids were detected in brain, heart, and lung tissues of mice that received the oral total extract of Rhizoma Coptidis. Tissue concentration increased nonlinearly with higher doses. Phenobarbital sodium decreased the tissue concentration of every alkaloid as well as the toxicity of Rhizoma Coptidis. All alkaloids, especially berberine, showed dose and time dependent cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS The toxic constituents of Rhizoma Coptidis were the alkaloids, mainly berberine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Liang Ma
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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25
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Kim SY, Jeoung NH, Oh CJ, Choi YK, Lee HJ, Kim HJ, Kim JY, Hwang JH, Tadi S, Yim YH, Lee KU, Park KG, Huh S, Min KN, Jeong KH, Park MG, Kwak TH, Kweon GR, Inukai K, Shong M, Lee IK. Activation of NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 Prevents Arterial Restenosis by Suppressing Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation. Circ Res 2009; 104:842-50. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.189837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are important pathogenic mechanisms in atherosclerosis and restenosis after vascular injury. In this study, we investigated the effects of β-lapachone (βL) (3,4-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran-5,6-dione), which is a potent antitumor agent that stimulates NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO)1 activity, on neointimal formation in animals given vascular injury and on the proliferation of VSMCs cultured in vitro. βL significantly reduced the neointimal formation induced by balloon injury. βL also dose-dependently inhibited the FCS- or platelet-derived growth factor-induced proliferation of VSMCs by inhibiting G
1
/S phase transition. βL increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 in rat and human VSMCs. Chemical inhibitors of AMPK or dominant-negative AMPK blocked the βL-induced suppression of cell proliferation and the G
1
cell cycle arrest, in vitro and in vivo. The activation of AMPK in VSMCs by βL is mediated by LKB1 in the presence of NQO1. Taken together, these results show that βL inhibits VSMCs proliferation via the NQO1 and LKB1-dependent activation of AMPK. These observations provide the molecular basis that pharmacological stimulation of NQO1 activity is a new therapy for the treatment of vascular restenosis and/or atherosclerosis which are caused by proliferation of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Yee Kim
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Nam Ho Jeoung
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Chang Joo Oh
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Young-Keun Choi
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Han-Jong Kim
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Joon-Young Kim
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Jung Hwan Hwang
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Surendar Tadi
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Yong-Hyeon Yim
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Ki-Up Lee
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Seung Huh
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Ki-Nam Min
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Kyeong-Hoon Jeong
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Myoung Gyu Park
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Tae Hwan Kwak
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Gi Ryang Kweon
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Kouichi Inukai
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Minho Shong
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
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Imanshahidi M, Hosseinzadeh H. Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Berberis vulgaris and its active constituent, berberine. Phytother Res 2008; 22:999-1012. [PMID: 18618524 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Barberry (Berberis vulgaris L. family Berberidaceae) is well known in Iran and various parts of this plant including its root, bark, leaf and fruit have been used as folk medicine. The two decades of research has demonstrated different pharmacological and therapeutic effects of B. vulgaris and its isoquinoline alkaloids (particularly berberine). Studies carried out on the chemical composition of the plant show that the most important constituents of this plant are isoquinoline alkaloids such as berberine, berbamine and palmatine. Berberine represents one of the most studied among the naturally occurring protoberberine alkaloids. In addition to B. vulgaris (barberry), berberine is present in many other plants and is used for the treatment of different diseases. This article reviews the traditional uses and pharmacological effects of total extract and the most active ingredient of B. vulgaris (berberine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Imanshahidi
- Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
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Liang KW, Yin SC, Ting CT, Lin SJ, Hsueh CM, Chen CY, Hsu SL. Berberine inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-induced growth and migration partly through an AMPK-dependent pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 590:343-54. [PMID: 18590725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is released from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), endothelial cells, or macrophages after percutaneous coronary intervention and is related with neointimal proliferation and restenosis. Berberine is a well-known component of the Chinese herb medicine Huanglian (Coptis chinensis), and is capable of inhibiting growth and endogenous PDGF synthesis in VSMCs after in vitro mechanical injury. We analyzed the effects of berberine on VSMC growth, migration, and signaling events after exogenous PDGF stimulation in vitro in order to mimic a post-angioplasty PDGF shedding condition. Pretreatment of VSMCs with berberine inhibited PDGF-induced proliferation. Berberine significantly suppressed PDGF-stimulated Cyclin D1/D3 and Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) gene expression. Moreover, berberine increased the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which led to phosphorylation activation of p53 and increased protein levels of the Cdk inhibitor p21(Cip1). Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, partly but significantly attenuated berberine-elicited growth inhibition. In addition, stimulation of VSMCs with PDGF led to a transient increase in GTP-bound, active form of Ras, Cdc42 and Rac1, as well as VSMC migration. However, pretreatment with berberine significantly inhibited PDGF-induced Ras, Cdc42 and Rac1 activation and cell migration. Co-treatment with farnesyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate drastically reversed berberine-mediated anti-proliferative and migratory effects in VSMCs. Based on these findings, we conclude that berberine inhibited PDGF-induced VSMC growth via activation of AMPK/p53/p21(Cip1) signaling while inactivating Ras/Rac1/Cyclin D/Cdks and suppressing PDGF-stimulated migration via inhibition of Rac1 and Cdc42. These observations offer a molecular explanation for the anti-proliferative and anti-migratory properties of berberine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae-Woei Liang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Schaefer KL, Takahashi H, Morales VM, Harris G, Barton S, Osawa E, Nakajima A, Saubermann LJ. PPARgamma inhibitors reduce tubulin protein levels by a PPARgamma, PPARdelta and proteasome-independent mechanism, resulting in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and reduced metastasis of colorectal carcinoma cells. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:702-13. [PMID: 17096328 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) has been identified as an important therapeutic target in murine models of colorectal cancer (CRC). To examine whether PPARgamma inhibition has therapeutic effects in late-stage CRC, the effects of PPARgamma inhibitors on CRC cell survival were examined in CRC cell lines and a murine CRC model. Low doses (0.1-1 microM) of PPARgamma inhibitors (T0070907, GW9662 and BADGE) did not affect cell survival, while higher doses (10-100 microM) of all 3 PPARgamma inhibitors caused caspase-dependent apoptosis in HT-29, Caco-2 and LoVo CRC cell lines. Apoptosis was preceded by altered cell morphology, and this alteration was not prevented by caspase inhibition. PPARgamma inhibitors also caused dual G and M cell cycle arrest, which was not required for apoptosis or for morphologic alterations. Furthermore, PPARgamma inhibitors triggered loss of the microtubule network. Notably, unlike other standard antimicrotubule agents, PPARgamma inhibitors caused microtubule loss by regulating tubulin post-transcriptionally rather than by altering microtubule polymerization or dynamics. Proteasome inhibition by epoxomicin was unable to prevent tubulin loss. siRNA-mediated reduction of PPARgamma and PPARdelta proteins did not replicate the effects of PPARgamma inhibitors or interfere with the inhibitors' effects on apoptosis, cell cycle or tubulin. PPARgamma inhibitors also reduced CRC cell migration and invasion in assays in vitro and reduced both the number and size of metastases in a HT-29/SCID xenograft metastatic model of CRC. These results suggest that PPARgamma inhibitors are a novel potential antimicrotubule therapy for CRC that acts by directly reducing microtubule precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Schaefer
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Russu WA. Thiazolidinedione anti-cancer activity: Is inhibition of microtubule assembly implicated? Med Hypotheses 2007; 68:343-6. [PMID: 16996226 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Revised: 06/28/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An hypothesis is presented which seeks to explain the anti-cancer activity of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of drugs currently used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Empirical data from the scientific literature is used to support the hypothesis that TZDs are inhibitors of microtubule assembly. The similarities between the affects of TZDs on cellular processes and known inhibitors of tubulin polymerization are identified. Similarities between TZDs and currently used inhibitors of microtubule assembly, such as cell cycle arrest in G1 phase, anti-angiogenesis activity, and inhibition of cell motility, are striking. In addition to the similarities in biological function, certain molecular structure similarities are also identified. The possibility that TZDs inhibit the polymerization of actin is presented as an alternative interpretation of the available data. Finally suggestions for testing the hypothesis, by using commercially available tubulin polymerization assays and fluorescence based binding assays, as well as isothermal titration calorimetry, are given. Considering TZD position as third-line therapy for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the potential loss of market share to newly introduced inhalable insulin, a better understanding of TZD anti-cancer activity may lead to revival for this drug class in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade A Russu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
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Nakagawa M, Ohno T, Maruyama R, Okubo M, Nagatsu A, Inoue M, Tanabe H, Takemura G, Minatoguchi S, Fujiwara H. Sesquiterpene Lactone Suppresses Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration via Inhibition of Cell Cycle Progression. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1754-7. [PMID: 17827734 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration are involved in restenosis following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTCA) as well as in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of the sesquiterpene 3-oxo-5alphaH,8betaH-eudesma-1,4(15),7(11)-trien-8,12-olide (1) on rat VSMC proliferation and migration. VSMCs were isolated from rat aorta, and then the effect of 1 on cell proliferation and migration was examined using methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and chemotaxis assays, respectively. Compound 1 had a potent inhibitory effect on fetal calf serum-induced VSMC proliferation. This effect correlated with reduced expression of cyclin D(1). In addition, 1 also inhibited platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced migration of VSMCs. These results indicate that 1 is a promising candidate for additional biological evaluation to further define its potential as an inhibitory modulator of VSMC responses that contribute to restenosis following PTCA and to the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Nakagawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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Holy J, Lamont G, Perkins E. Disruption of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of cyclin D1 and topoisomerase II by sanguinarine. BMC Cell Biol 2006; 7:13. [PMID: 16512916 PMCID: PMC1444914 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-7-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Accepted: 03/02/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quaternary isoquinoline alkaloid sanguinarine is receiving increasing attention as a potential chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer. Previous studies have shown that this DNA-binding phytochemical can arrest a number of different types of transformed cells in G0/G1, and upregulate the CKIs p21 and p27 while downregulating multiple cyclins and CDKs. To more closely examine the responses of some of these cell cycle regulatory molecules to sanguinarine, we used immunocytochemical methods to visualize cyclin D1 and topoisomerase II behavior in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. RESULTS 5-10 microM sanguinarine effectively inhibits MCF-7 proliferation after a single application of drug. This growth inhibition is accompanied by a striking relocalization of cyclin D1 and topoisomerase II from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and this effect persists for at least three days after drug addition. DNA synthesis is transiently inhibited by sanguinarine, but cells recover their ability to synthesize DNA within 24 hours. Taking advantage of the fluorescence characteristics of sanguinarine to follow its uptake and distribution suggests that these effects arise from a window of activity of a few hours immediately after drug addition, when sanguinarine is concentrated in the nucleus. These effects occur in morphologically healthy-looking cells, and thus do not simply represent part of an apoptotic response. CONCLUSION It appears that sub-apoptotic concentrations of sanguinarine can suppress breast cancer cell proliferation for extended lengths of time, and that this effect results from a relatively brief period of activity when the drug is concentrated in the nucleus. Sanguinarine transiently inhibits DNA synthesis, but a novel mechanism of action appears to involve disrupting the trafficking of a number of molecules involved in cell cycle regulation and progression. The ability of sub-apoptotic concentrations of sanguinarine to inhibit cell growth may be a useful feature for potential chemotherapeutic applications; however, a narrow effective range for these effects may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Holy
- Department of Anatomy, Microbiology, and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth, 1035 University Avenue, Duluth, MN 55812-2487, USA
| | - Genelle Lamont
- Department of Anatomy, Microbiology, and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth, 1035 University Avenue, Duluth, MN 55812-2487, USA
| | - Edward Perkins
- Department of Anatomy, Microbiology, and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth, 1035 University Avenue, Duluth, MN 55812-2487, USA
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Holy J, Lamont G, Perkins E. Disruption of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of cyclin D1 and topoisomerase II by sanguinarine. BMC Cell Biol 2006. [PMID: 16512916 DOI: 10.1186/147-2121-7-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quaternary isoquinoline alkaloid sanguinarine is receiving increasing attention as a potential chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer. Previous studies have shown that this DNA-binding phytochemical can arrest a number of different types of transformed cells in G0/G1, and upregulate the CKIs p21 and p27 while downregulating multiple cyclins and CDKs. To more closely examine the responses of some of these cell cycle regulatory molecules to sanguinarine, we used immunocytochemical methods to visualize cyclin D1 and topoisomerase II behavior in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. RESULTS 5-10 microM sanguinarine effectively inhibits MCF-7 proliferation after a single application of drug. This growth inhibition is accompanied by a striking relocalization of cyclin D1 and topoisomerase II from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and this effect persists for at least three days after drug addition. DNA synthesis is transiently inhibited by sanguinarine, but cells recover their ability to synthesize DNA within 24 hours. Taking advantage of the fluorescence characteristics of sanguinarine to follow its uptake and distribution suggests that these effects arise from a window of activity of a few hours immediately after drug addition, when sanguinarine is concentrated in the nucleus. These effects occur in morphologically healthy-looking cells, and thus do not simply represent part of an apoptotic response. CONCLUSION It appears that sub-apoptotic concentrations of sanguinarine can suppress breast cancer cell proliferation for extended lengths of time, and that this effect results from a relatively brief period of activity when the drug is concentrated in the nucleus. Sanguinarine transiently inhibits DNA synthesis, but a novel mechanism of action appears to involve disrupting the trafficking of a number of molecules involved in cell cycle regulation and progression. The ability of sub-apoptotic concentrations of sanguinarine to inhibit cell growth may be a useful feature for potential chemotherapeutic applications; however, a narrow effective range for these effects may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Holy
- Department of Anatomy, Microbiology, and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth, MN 55812-2487, USA.
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