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Khang AR, Kim DH, Kim MJ, Oh CJ, Jeon JH, Choi SH, Lee IK. Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation by Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 Inhibition Is Important in Prevention of Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Mice. Diabetes Metab J 2024:dmj.2023.0196. [PMID: 38311057 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation are reported to have a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, a leading cause of acute kidney injury. The present study investigated the role of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) in ROS production and inflammation following IR injury. Methods We used a streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL6/J mouse model, which was subjected to IR by clamping both renal pedicles. Cellular apoptosis and inflammatory markers were evaluated in NRK-52E cells and mouse primary tubular cells after hypoxia and reoxygenation using a hypoxia work station. Results Following IR injury in diabetic mice, the expression of PDK4, rather than the other PDK isoforms, was induced with a marked increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α (PDHE1α) phosphorylation. This was accompanied by a pronounced ROS activation, as well as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production. Notably, sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) attenuated renal IR injury-induced apoptosis which can be attributed to reducing PDK4 expression and PDHE1α phosphorylation levels. DCA or shPdk4 treatment reduced oxidative stress and decreased TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1 production after IR or hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. Conclusion PDK4 inhibition alleviated renal injury with decreased ROS production and inflammation, supporting a critical role for PDK4 in IR mediated damage. This result indicates another potential target for reno-protection during IR injury; accordingly, the role of PDK4 inhibition needs to be comprehensively elucidated in terms of mitochondrial function during renal IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Reum Khang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Dong Hun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chang Joo Oh
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Pagire HS, Pagire SH, Jeong BK, Choi WI, Oh CJ, Lim CW, Kim M, Yoon J, Kim SS, Bae MA, Jeon JH, Song S, Lee HJ, Lee EY, Goughnour PC, Kim D, Lee IK, Loomba R, Kim H, Ahn JH. Discovery of a peripheral 5HT 2A antagonist as a clinical candidate for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:645. [PMID: 38245505 PMCID: PMC10799935 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44874-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is currently the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH), an advanced form of MASLD, can progress to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Based on recent findings by our team that liver 5HT2A knockout male mice suppressed steatosis and reduced fibrosis-related gene expression, we developed a peripheral 5HT2A antagonist, compound 11c for MASH. It shows good in vitro activity, stability, and in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) in rats and dogs. Compound 11c also shows good in vivo efficacy in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) male mice model and in a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) male mice model, effectively improving histologic features of MASH and fibrosis. According to the tissue distribution study using [14C]-labeled 11c, the compound was determined to be a peripheral 5HT2A antagonist. Collectively, first-in-class compound 11c shows promise as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of MASLD and MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haushabhau S Pagire
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- JD Bioscience Inc., TJS Knowledge Industrial Center Suite 801, 208 Beon-gil Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Suvarna H Pagire
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- JD Bioscience Inc., TJS Knowledge Industrial Center Suite 801, 208 Beon-gil Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kwan Jeong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Joo Oh
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Won Lim
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soon Kim
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Song
- JD Bioscience Inc., TJS Knowledge Industrial Center Suite 801, 208 Beon-gil Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jong Lee
- JD Bioscience Inc., TJS Knowledge Industrial Center Suite 801, 208 Beon-gil Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- JD Bioscience Inc., TJS Knowledge Industrial Center Suite 801, 208 Beon-gil Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter C Goughnour
- JD Bioscience Inc., TJS Knowledge Industrial Center Suite 801, 208 Beon-gil Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooseop Kim
- JD Bioscience Inc., TJS Knowledge Industrial Center Suite 801, 208 Beon-gil Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Hee Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
- JD Bioscience Inc., TJS Knowledge Industrial Center Suite 801, 208 Beon-gil Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea.
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Yoon J, Choi WI, Parameswaran S, Lee GB, Choi BW, Kim P, Shin DS, Jeong HN, Lee SM, Oh CJ, Jeon JH, Lee IK, Bae MA, Kim H, Ahn JH. Synthesis and biological evaluation of xanthine derivatives with phenacyl group as tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) inhibitors for obesity and fatty liver disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 94:129461. [PMID: 37652099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) has emerged as a target for the treatment of metabolic diseases including obesity and fatty liver disease. A series of xanthine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their TPH1 inhibition. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 40 showed good in vitro activity and liver microsomal stability. Docking studies revealed that compound 40 showed better binding to TPH1 via key intermolecular interactions involving the xanthine scaffold, imidazo-thiazolyl ring, and hydroxyl-containing phenacyl moiety. In addition, compound 40 effectively suppressed the adipocyte differentiation of 3 T3-L1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyeon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Saravanan Parameswaran
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Gwi Bin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Wook Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyeongkeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seop Shin
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Neul Jeong
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Mi Lee
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Joo Oh
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Hee Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; JD Bioscience, 208 Cheomdan-dwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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Oh CJ, Kim MJ, Lee JM, Kim DH, Kim IY, Park S, Kim Y, Lee KB, Lee SH, Lim CW, Kim M, Lee JY, Pagire HS, Pagire SH, Bae MA, Chanda D, Thoudam T, Khang AR, Harris RA, Ahn JH, Jeon JH, Lee IK. Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 ameliorates kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury by reducing succinate accumulation during ischemia and preserving mitochondrial function during reperfusion. Kidney Int 2023; 104:724-739. [PMID: 37399974 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, a leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), is still without effective therapies. Succinate accumulation during ischemia followed by its oxidation during reperfusion leads to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and severe kidney damage. Consequently, the targeting of succinate accumulation may represent a rational approach to the prevention of IR-induced kidney injury. Since ROS are generated primarily in mitochondria, which are abundant in the proximal tubule of the kidney, we explored the role of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), a mitochondrial enzyme, in IR-induced kidney injury using proximal tubule cell-specific Pdk4 knockout (Pdk4ptKO) mice. Knockout or pharmacological inhibition of PDK4 ameliorated IR-induced kidney damage. Succinate accumulation during ischemia, which is responsible for mitochondrial ROS production during reperfusion, was reduced by PDK4 inhibition. PDK4 deficiency established conditions prior to ischemia resulting in less succinate accumulation, possibly because of a reduction in electron flow reversal in complex II, which provides electrons for the reduction of fumarate to succinate by succinate dehydrogenase during ischemia. The administration of dimethyl succinate, a cell-permeable form of succinate, attenuated the beneficial effects of PDK4 deficiency, suggesting that the kidney-protective effect is succinate-dependent. Finally, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of PDK4 prevented IR-induced mitochondrial damage in mice and normalized mitochondrial function in an in vitro model of IR injury. Thus, inhibition of PDK4 represents a novel means of preventing IR-induced kidney injury, and involves the inhibition of ROS-induced kidney toxicity through reduction in succinate accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Joo Oh
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Lee
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Park
- Department of Exercise Rehabilitation, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongmin Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bok Lee
- Center for Research Equipment (104-Dong), Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Lee
- Center for Research Equipment (104-Dong), Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Won Lim
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongjin Kim
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yi Lee
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Haushabhau S Pagire
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Suvarna H Pagire
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dipanjan Chanda
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Themis Thoudam
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Reum Khang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jin Hee Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Jeon J, Lee D, Kim B, Park BY, Oh CJ, Kim MJ, Jeon JH, Lee IK, Park O, Baek S, Lim CW, Ryu D, Fang S, Auwerx J, Kim KT, Jung HY. CycloZ Improves Hyperglycemia and Lipid Metabolism by Modulating Lysine Acetylation in KK-Ay Mice. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:653-667. [PMID: 37098411 PMCID: PMC10555534 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND CycloZ, a combination of cyclo-His-Pro and zinc, has anti-diabetic activity. However, its exact mode of action remains to be elucidated. METHODS KK-Ay mice, a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model, were administered CycloZ either as a preventive intervention, or as a therapy. Glycemic control was evaluated using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Liver and visceral adipose tissues (VATs) were used for histological evaluation, gene expression analysis, and protein expression analysis. RESULTS CycloZ administration improved glycemic control in KK-Ay mice in both prophylactic and therapeutic studies. Lysine acetylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, liver kinase B1, and nuclear factor-κB p65 was decreased in the liver and VATs in CycloZ-treated mice. In addition, CycloZ treatment improved mitochondrial function, lipid oxidation, and inflammation in the liver and VATs of mice. CycloZ treatment also increased the level of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), which affected the activity of deacetylases, such as sirtuin 1 (Sirt1). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the beneficial effects of CycloZ on diabetes and obesity occur through increased NAD+ synthesis, which modulates Sirt1 deacetylase activity in the liver and VATs. Given that the mode of action of an NAD+ booster or Sirt1 deacetylase activator is different from that of traditional T2DM drugs, CycloZ would be considered a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongsu Jeon
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Dohyun Lee
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Bobae Kim
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Yoon Park
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chang Joo Oh
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Onyu Park
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Korea
| | - Seoyeong Baek
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Korea
| | - Chae Won Lim
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sungsoon Fang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kyong-Tai Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Hoe-Yune Jung
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
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Chanda D, Thoudam T, Sinam IS, Lim CW, Kim M, Wang J, Lee KM, Ma J, Saxena R, Choi J, Oh CJ, Lee H, Jeon YH, Cho SJ, Jung HY, Park KG, Choi HS, Suh JM, Auwerx J, Ji B, Liangpunsakul S, Jeon JH, Lee IK. Upregulation of the ERRγ-VDAC1 axis underlies the molecular pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219644120. [PMID: 37155882 PMCID: PMC10193927 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219644120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggest that transcription factors play multiple roles in the development of pancreatitis, a necroinflammatory condition lacking specific therapy. Estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ), a pleiotropic transcription factor, has been reported to play a vital role in pancreatic acinar cell (PAC) homeostasis. However, the role of ERRγ in PAC dysfunction remains hitherto unknown. Here, we demonstrated in both mice models and human cohorts that pancreatitis is associated with an increase in ERRγ gene expression via activation of STAT3. Acinar-specific ERRγ haploinsufficiency or pharmacological inhibition of ERRγ significantly impaired the progression of pancreatitis both in vitro and in vivo. Using systematic transcriptomic analysis, we identified that voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) acts as a molecular mediator of ERRγ. Mechanistically, we showed that induction of ERRγ in cultured acinar cells and mouse pancreata enhanced VDAC1 expression by directly binding to specific site of the Vdac1 gene promoter and resulted in VDAC1 oligomerization. Notably, VDAC1, whose expression and oligomerization were dependent on ERRγ, modulates mitochondrial Ca2+ and ROS levels. Inhibition of the ERRγ-VDAC1 axis could alleviate mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation, ROS formation and inhibit progression of pancreatitis. Using two different mouse models of pancreatitis, we showed that pharmacological blockade of ERRγ-VDAC1 pathway has therapeutic benefits in mitigating progression of pancreatitis. Likewise, using PRSS1R122H-Tg mice to mimic human hereditary pancreatitis, we demonstrated that ERRγ inhibitor also alleviated pancreatitis. Our findings highlight the importance of ERRγ in pancreatitis progression and suggests its therapeutic intervention for prevention and treatment of pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Chanda
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41404, South Korea
| | - Themis Thoudam
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41404, South Korea
| | - Ibotombi Singh Sinam
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu41404, South Korea
| | - Chae Won Lim
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu41404, South Korea
| | - Myeongjin Kim
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41404, South Korea
| | - Jiale Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL32066
| | - Kyeong-Min Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu42988, South Korea
| | - Jing Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46202
| | - Romil Saxena
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46202
| | - Jinhyuk Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, South Korea
| | - Chang Joo Oh
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41404, South Korea
| | - Hoyul Lee
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41404, South Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu41061, South Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu41061, South Korea
| | - Hoe-Yune Jung
- R&D Center NovMetaPharma Co. Ltd., Pohang37688, South Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, South Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41404, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41944, South Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju61186, South Korea
| | - Jae Myoung Suh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, South Korea
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, LausanneCH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL32066
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46202
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41404, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu41404, South Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41404, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41944, South Korea
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7
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Kim M, Choi W, Yoon J, Jeong BK, Pagire SH, Pagire HS, Park J, Nam JE, Oh CJ, Jeon JH, Kim SS, Lee BH, Song JS, Bae MA, Lee IK, Kim H, Ahn JH. Synthesis and biological evaluation of tyrosine derivatives as peripheral 5HT 2A receptor antagonists for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114517. [PMID: 35732081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), attributed to excessive fat accumulation in the liver, is reportedly prevalent worldwide. NAFLD is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatic cellular carcinoma (HCC). The peripheral roles of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) were found to regulate hepatic lipid metabolism. Among serotonin receptor subtypes, 5HT2A receptor is known to regulate hepatic lipid metabolism. Hepatic lipid accumulation and hepatic triglyceride (TG) were reduced in liver-specific 5HT2A receptor knockout (5HT2A receptor LKO) mice upon high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. In the present study, we explored a series of new peripherally acting 5HT2A receptor antagonists. Compound 14a displayed good in vitro activity, with an IC50 value of 0.17 nM. Compound 14a exhibited good microsomal stability, no significant CYP and hERG inhibition, and 5HT receptor subtype selectivity. The brain-to-plasma ratio of 14a was below the lower limit of quantification, indicating limited blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. HFD-fed 14a treated mice showed decreased liver steatosis and lobular inflammation. These results demonstrate the potential of newly synthesized peripheral 5HT2A receptor antagonists for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Wonil Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jihyeon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Byung-Kwan Jeong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Suvarna H Pagire
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Haushabhau S Pagire
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Jungsun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jung Eun Nam
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Chang Joo Oh
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital and School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700-721, South Korea
| | - Seong Soon Kim
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Byung Hoi Lee
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin Sook Song
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
| | - Jin Hee Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea; JD Bioscience, 208 Cheomdan-dwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.
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8
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Min BK, Oh CJ, Park S, Lee JM, Go Y, Park BY, Kang HJ, Kim DW, Kim JE, Yoo EK, Kim HE, Kim MJ, Jeon YH, Kim YH, Lee CH, Jeon JH, Lee IK. Therapeutic effect of dichloroacetate against atherosclerosis via hepatic FGF21 induction mediated by acute AMPK activation. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-12. [PMID: 31570705 PMCID: PMC6802614 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia-induced atherosclerosis, which has a risk of high morbidity and mortality, can be alleviated by metabolic activation associated with mitochondrial function. The effect of dichloroacetate (DCA), a general pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibitor, on in vivo energy expenditure in ApoE-/- mice fed a western diet (WD) has not yet been investigated. WD-fed ApoE-/- mice developed atherosclerotic plaques and hyperlipidemia along with obesity, which were significantly ameliorated by DCA administration. Increased oxygen consumption was associated with heat production in the DCA-treated group, with no change in food intake or physical activity compared with those of the control. These processes were correlated with the increased gene expression of Dio2 and Ucp-1, which represents brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation, in both WD-induced atherosclerosis and high-fat-induced obesity models. In addition, we found that DCA stimulated hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21) mRNA expression, which might be important for lowering lipid levels and insulin sensitization via BAT activation, in a dose- and time-dependent manner associated with serum FGF21 levels. Interestingly, Fgf21 mRNA expression was mediated in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner within several minutes after DCA treatment independent of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Taken together, the results suggest that enhanced glucose oxidation by DCA protects against atherosclerosis by inducing hepatic FGF21 expression and BAT activation, resulting in augmented energy expenditure for heat generation.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/pathology
- Animals
- Apolipoproteins E/deficiency
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cardiovascular Agents/pharmacology
- Dichloroacetic Acid/pharmacology
- Diet, Western/adverse effects
- Dyslipidemias/drug therapy
- Dyslipidemias/etiology
- Dyslipidemias/genetics
- Dyslipidemias/pathology
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/agonists
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Iodide Peroxidase/genetics
- Iodide Peroxidase/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/pathology
- Oxygen Consumption/drug effects
- PPAR alpha/genetics
- PPAR alpha/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/drug therapy
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/etiology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/genetics
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase/genetics
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Uncoupling Protein 1/genetics
- Uncoupling Protein 1/metabolism
- Iodothyronine Deiodinase Type II
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Affiliation(s)
- Byong-Keol Min
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School and BK21 plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chang Joo Oh
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sungmi Park
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji-Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School and BK21 plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Go
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Bo-Yoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School and BK21 plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ji Kang
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Kim
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Yoo
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hui Eon Kim
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Kim
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School and BK21 plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Daegu, South Korea.
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
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9
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Min BK, Park S, Kang HJ, Kim DW, Ham HJ, Ha CM, Choi BJ, Lee JY, Oh CJ, Yoo EK, Kim HE, Kim BG, Jeon JH, Hyeon DY, Hwang D, Kim YH, Lee CH, Lee T, Kim JW, Choi YK, Park KG, Chawla A, Lee J, Harris RA, Lee IK. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Is a Metabolic Checkpoint for Polarization of Macrophages to the M1 Phenotype. Front Immunol 2019; 10:944. [PMID: 31134063 PMCID: PMC6514528 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming during macrophage polarization supports the effector functions of these cells in health and disease. Here, we demonstrate that pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), which inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase-mediated conversion of cytosolic pyruvate to mitochondrial acetyl-CoA, functions as a metabolic checkpoint in M1 macrophages. Polarization was not prevented by PDK2 or PDK4 deletion but was fully prevented by the combined deletion of PDK2 and PDK4; this lack of polarization was correlated with improved mitochondrial respiration and rewiring of metabolic breaks that are characterized by increased glycolytic intermediates and reduced metabolites in the TCA cycle. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of PDK2/4 prevents polarization of macrophages to the M1 phenotype in response to inflammatory stimuli (lipopolysaccharide plus IFN-γ). Transplantation of PDK2/4-deficient bone marrow into irradiated wild-type mice to produce mice with PDK2/4-deficient myeloid cells prevented M1 polarization, reduced obesity-associated insulin resistance, and ameliorated adipose tissue inflammation. A novel, pharmacological PDK inhibitor, KPLH1130, improved high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance; this was correlated with a reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory markers and improved mitochondrial function. These studies identify PDK2/4 as a metabolic checkpoint for M1 phenotype polarization of macrophages, which could potentially be exploited as a novel therapeutic target for obesity-associated metabolic disorders and other inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byong-Keol Min
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sungmi Park
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ji Kang
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Ham
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chae-Myeong Ha
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byung-Jun Choi
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jung Yi Lee
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chang Joo Oh
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Yoo
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hui Eon Kim
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byung-Gyu Kim
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Do Young Hyeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jung-whan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Yeon-Kyung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ajay Chawla
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jongsoon Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Robert A. Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
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10
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Oh CJ, Ha CM, Choi YK, Park S, Choe MS, Jeoung NH, Huh YH, Kim HJ, Kweon HS, Lee JM, Lee SJ, Jeon JH, Harris RA, Park KG, Lee IK. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 deficiency attenuates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 2016; 91:880-895. [PMID: 28040265 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Clinical prescription of cisplatin, one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents, is limited by its side effects, particularly tubular injury-associated nephrotoxicity. Since details of the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, we investigated the role of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Among the PDK isoforms, PDK4 mRNA and protein levels were markedly increased in the kidneys of mice treated with cisplatin, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation was involved in cisplatin-induced renal PDK4 expression. Treatment with the PDK inhibitor sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) or genetic knockout of PDK4 attenuated the signs of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury, including apoptotic morphology of the kidney tubules along with numbers of TUNEL-positive cells, cleaved caspase-3, and renal tubular injury markers. Cisplatin-induced suppression of the mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption rate, expression of electron transport chain components, cytochrome c oxidase activity, and disruption of mitochondrial morphology were noticeably improved in the kidneys of DCA-treated or PDK4 knockout mice. Additionally, levels of the oxidative stress marker 4-hydroxynonenal and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species were attenuated, whereas superoxide dismutase 2 and catalase expression and glutathione synthetase and glutathione levels were recovered in DCA-treated or PDK4 knockout mice. Interestingly, lipid accumulation was considerably attenuated in DCA-treated or PDK4 knockout mice via recovered expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and coactivator PGC-1α, which was accompanied by recovery of mitochondrial biogenesis. Thus, PDK4 mediates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury, suggesting that PDK4 might be a therapeutic target for attenuating cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Joo Oh
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Myeong Ha
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Keun Choi
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmi Park
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sun Choe
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Ho Jeoung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Health and Medical Science, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Nano-Bio Electron Microscopy Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Kim
- Nano-Bio Electron Microscopy Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Kweon
- Nano-Bio Electron Microscopy Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Joo Lee
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert A Harris
- Roudebush VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Lee SJ, Jeong JY, Oh CJ, Park S, Kim JY, Kim HJ, Kim ND, Choi YK, Do JY, Go Y, Ha CM, Choi JY, Huh S, Jeoung NH, Lee KU, Choi HS, Wang Y, Park KG, Harris RA, Lee IK. Erratum: Corrigendum: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 Promotes Vascular Calcification via SMAD1/5/8 Phosphorylation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18552. [PMID: 26814371 PMCID: PMC4728741 DOI: 10.1038/srep18552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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12
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Lee SJ, Jeong JY, Oh CJ, Park S, Kim JY, Kim HJ, Doo Kim N, Choi YK, Do JY, Go Y, Ha CM, Ha CM, Choi JY, Huh S, Ho Jeoung N, Lee KU, Choi HS, Wang Y, Park KG, Harris RA, Lee IK. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 Promotes Vascular Calcification via SMAD1/5/8 Phosphorylation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16577. [PMID: 26560812 PMCID: PMC4642318 DOI: 10.1038/srep16577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification, a pathologic response to defective calcium and phosphate homeostasis, is strongly associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. In this study, we have observed that pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) is upregulated and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex phosphorylation is increased in calcifying vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and in calcified vessels of patients with atherosclerosis, suggesting that PDK4 plays an important role in vascular calcification. Both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of PDK4 ameliorated the calcification in phosphate-treated VSMCs and aortic rings and in vitamin D3-treated mice. PDK4 augmented the osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs by phosphorylating SMAD1/5/8 via direct interaction, which enhances BMP2 signaling. Furthermore, increased expression of PDK4 in phosphate-treated VSMCs induced mitochondrial dysfunction followed by apoptosis. Taken together, our results show that upregulation of PDK4 promotes vascular calcification by increasing osteogenic markers with no adverse effect on bone formation, demonstrating that PDK4 is a therapeutic target for vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Joo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University.,Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Joo Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University
| | - Sungmi Park
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University
| | - Joon-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University.,GIST College, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Han-Jong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Doo Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation
| | - Young-Keun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University
| | - Ji-Yeon Do
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University
| | - Younghoon Go
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University
| | | | - Chae-Myung Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University.,BK21 plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs at Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Huh
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Ho Jeoung
- Department of Fundamental Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Up Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University.,Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University
| | - Robert A Harris
- Roudebush VA Medical Center and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University.,Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University.,BK21 plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs at Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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13
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Choi SH, Park S, Oh CJ, Leem J, Park KG, Lee IK. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition by gemigliptin prevents abnormal vascular remodeling via NF-E2-related factor 2 activation. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 73:11-9. [PMID: 26187356 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors exert a potent anti-hyperglycemic effect and reduce cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetic patients. Several studies have shown that DPP-4 inhibitors including sitagliptin have beneficial effects in atherosclerosis and cardiac infarction involving reactive oxygen species. Here, we show that gemigliptin can directly attenuate the abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) via enhanced NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity. Gemigliptin dramatically prevented ligation injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia in mouse carotid arteries. Likewise, the proliferation of primary VSMCs was significantly attenuated by gemigliptin in a dose-dependent manner consistent with a decrease in phospho-Rb, resulting in G1 cell cycle arrest. We found that gemigliptin enhanced Nrf2 activity not only by mRNA expression, but also by increasing Keap1 proteosomal degradation by p62, leading to the induction of Nrf2 target genes such as HO-1 and NQO1. The anti-proliferative role of gemigliptin disappeared with DPP-4 siRNA knockdown, indicating that the endogenous DPP-4 in VSMCs contributed to the effect of gemigliptin. In addition, gemigliptin diminished TNF-α-mediated cell adhesion molecules such as MCP-1 and VCAM-1 and reduced MMP2 activity in VSMCs. Taken together, our data indicate that gemigliptin exerts a preventative effect on the proliferation and migration of VSMCs via Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmi Park
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Joo Oh
- Research Institutes of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Research Institutes of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Park S, Kim JK, Oh CJ, Choi SH, Jeon JH, Lee IK. Scoparone interferes with STAT3-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp Mol Med 2015; 47:e145. [PMID: 25744297 PMCID: PMC4351406 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Scoparone, which is a major constituent of Artemisia capillaries, has been identified as an anticoagulant, hypolipidemic, vasorelaxant, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory drug, and it is used for the traditional treatment of neonatal jaundice. Therefore, we hypothesized that scoparone could suppress the proliferation of VSMCs by interfering with STAT3 signaling. We found that the proliferation of these cells was significantly attenuated by scoparone in a dose-dependent manner. Scoparone markedly reduced the serum-stimulated accumulation of cells in the S phase and concomitantly increased the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase, which was consistent with the reduced expression of cyclin D1, phosphorylated Rb and survivin in the VSMCs. Cell adhesion markers, such as MCP-1 and ICAM-1, were significantly reduced by scoparone. Interestingly, this compound attenuated the increase in cyclin D promoter activity by inhibiting the activities of both the WT and active forms of STAT3. Similarly, the expression of a cell proliferation marker induced by PDGF was decreased by scoparone with no change in the phosphorylation of JAK2 or Src. On the basis of the immunofluorescence staining results, STAT3 proteins phosphorylated by PDGF were predominantly localized to the nucleus and were markedly reduced in the scoparone-treated cells. In summary, scoparone blocks the accumulation of STAT3 transported from the cytosol to the nucleus, leading to the suppression of VSMC proliferation through G1 phase arrest and the inhibition of Rb phosphorylation. This activity occurs independent of the form of STAT3 and upstream of kinases, such as Jak and Src, which are correlated with abnormal vascular remodeling due to the presence of an excess of growth factors following vascular injury. These data provide convincing evidence that scoparone may be a new preventative agent for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmi Park
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Kook Kim
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Joo Oh
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- 1] Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea [2] BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea [3] Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea [4] Departments of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Ha CM, Park S, Choi YK, Jeong JY, Oh CJ, Bae KH, Lee SJ, Kim JH, Park KG, Jun DY, Lee IK. Activation of Nrf2 by dimethyl fumarate improves vascular calcification. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 63:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kang HJ, Seo HA, Go Y, Oh CJ, Jeoung NH, Park KG, Lee IK. Dimethylfumarate suppresses adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through inhibition of STAT3 activity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61411. [PMID: 23637829 PMCID: PMC3630208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive accumulation of adipocytes contributes to the development of obesity and obesity-related diseases. The interactions of several transcription factors, such as C/EBPβ, PPARγ, C/EBPα, Nrf2, and STAT3, are required for adipogenic differentiation. Dimethylfumarate (DMF), an immune modulator and antioxidant, may function as an inhibitor of STAT3 and an activator of Nrf2. This study examined whether DMF inhibits adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by inhibiting STAT3 or activating Nrf2. DMF suppressed 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation to mature adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner as determined by Oil Red O staining. The mRNA and protein levels of adipogenic genes, including C/EBPβ, C/EBPα, PPARγ, SREBP-1c, FAS, and aP2, were significantly lower in DMF-treated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Suppression of adipogenic differentiation by DMF treatment resulted primarily from inhibition of the early stages of differentiation. DMF inhibits clonal expansion during adipogenic differentiation through induction of a G1 cell cycle arrest. Additionally, DMF regulates cell cycle-related proteins, such as p21, pRb, and cyclin D. DMF treatment markedly inhibited differentiation medium-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and inhibited STAT3 transcriptional activation of a reporter construct composed of four synthetic STAT3-response elements. Moreover, inhibition of endogenous Nrf2 activity using a dominant negative Nrf2 did not abolish the DMF-induced inhibition of adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In summary, DMF is a negative regulator of adipogenic differentiation based on its regulation of adipogenic transcription factors and cell cycle proteins. This negative regulation by DMF is mediated by STAT3 inhibition, but is unlikely to involve Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ji Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ae Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, WCU Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Go
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, WCU Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Joo Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, WCU Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Ho Jeoung
- Department of Fundamental Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, WCU Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (K-GP); (I-KL)
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, WCU Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (K-GP); (I-KL)
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Oh CJ, Kim JY, Min AK, Park KG, Harris RA, Kim HJ, Lee IK. Sulforaphane attenuates hepatic fibrosis via NF-E2-related factor 2-mediated inhibition of transforming growth factor-β/Smad signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:671-682. [PMID: 22155056 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a dietary isothiocyanate that exerts chemopreventive effects via NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated induction of antioxidant/phase II enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). This work was undertaken to evaluate the effects of SFN on hepatic fibrosis and profibrotic transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling, which are closely associated with oxidative stress. SFN suppressed TGF-β-enhanced expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a marker of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, and profibrogenic genes such as type I collagen, fibronectin, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 in hTERT, an immortalized human HSC line. SFN inhibited TGF-β-stimulated activity of a PAI-1 promoter construct and (CAGA)(9) MLP-Luc, an artificial Smad3/4-specific reporter, in addition to reducing phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad3. Nrf2 overexpression was sufficient to inhibit the TGF-β/Smad signaling and PAI-1 expression. Conversely, knockdown of Nrf2, but not inhibition of HO-1 or NQO1 activity, significantly abolished the inhibitory effect of SFN on (CAGA)(9) MLP-Luc activity. However, inhibition of NQO1 activity reversed repression of TGF-β-stimulated expression of type I collagen by SFN, suggesting the involvement of antioxidant activity of SFN in the suppression of Smad-independent fibrogenic gene expression. Finally, SFN treatment attenuated the development and progression of early stage hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation in mice, accompanied by reduced expression of type I collagen and α-SMA. Collectively, these results show that SFN elicits an antifibrotic effect on hepatic fibrosis through Nrf2-mediated inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad signaling and subsequent suppression of HSC activation and fibrogenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Joo Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, WCU Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, WCU Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Kyung Min
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, WCU Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, WCU Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, WCU Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5122, USA
| | - Han-Jong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, WCU Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, WCU Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Kim HJ, Kim JY, Lee SJ, Kim HJ, Oh CJ, Choi YK, Lee HJ, Do JY, Kim SY, Kwon TK, Choi HS, Lee MO, Park IS, Park KG, Lee KU, Lee IK. α-Lipoic acid prevents neointimal hyperplasia via induction of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/Nur77-mediated apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and accelerates postinjury reendothelialization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:2164-72. [PMID: 20829507 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.212308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether α-lipoic acid (ALA), a naturally occurring antioxidant, inhibits neointimal hyperplasia by inducing apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and to examine its potential effects on reendothelialization and platelet aggregation. METHODS AND RESULTS Restenosis and late stent thrombosis, caused by neointimal hyperplasia and delayed reendothelialization, are significant clinical problems of balloon angioplasty and drug-eluting stents. ALA treatment strongly induced apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and enhanced the expression and cytoplasmic localization of Nur77, which triggers intrinsic apoptotic events. Small interfering RNA-mediated downregulation of Nur77 diminished this proapoptotic effect of ALA. Moreover, ALA increased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase completely blocked ALA-induced vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis and Nur77 induction and cytoplasmic localization. In balloon-injured rat carotid arteries, ALA enhanced Nur77 expression and increased TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells in the neointima, leading to inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia. This preventive effect of ALA was significantly reduced by infection of an adenovirus encoding Nur77 small hairpin (sh)RNA. Furthermore, ALA reduced basal apoptosis of human aortic endothelial cells and accelerated reendothelialization after balloon injury. ALA also suppressed arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation. CONCLUSIONS ALA could be a promising therapeutic agent to prevent restenosis and late stent thrombosis after angioplasty and drug-eluting stent implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 50 Samduk-2Ga, Jung-Gu, Daegu 700-721, Korea
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Kim SY, Jeoung NH, Oh CJ, Choi YK, Lee HJ, Kim HJ, Kim JY, Hwang JH, Tadi S, Yim YH, Lee KU, Park KG, Huh S, Min KN, Jeong KH, Park MG, Kwak TH, Kweon GR, Inukai K, Shong M, Lee IK. Activation of NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 Prevents Arterial Restenosis by Suppressing Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation. Circ Res 2009; 104:842-50. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.189837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are important pathogenic mechanisms in atherosclerosis and restenosis after vascular injury. In this study, we investigated the effects of β-lapachone (βL) (3,4-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran-5,6-dione), which is a potent antitumor agent that stimulates NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO)1 activity, on neointimal formation in animals given vascular injury and on the proliferation of VSMCs cultured in vitro. βL significantly reduced the neointimal formation induced by balloon injury. βL also dose-dependently inhibited the FCS- or platelet-derived growth factor-induced proliferation of VSMCs by inhibiting G
1
/S phase transition. βL increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 in rat and human VSMCs. Chemical inhibitors of AMPK or dominant-negative AMPK blocked the βL-induced suppression of cell proliferation and the G
1
cell cycle arrest, in vitro and in vivo. The activation of AMPK in VSMCs by βL is mediated by LKB1 in the presence of NQO1. Taken together, these results show that βL inhibits VSMCs proliferation via the NQO1 and LKB1-dependent activation of AMPK. These observations provide the molecular basis that pharmacological stimulation of NQO1 activity is a new therapy for the treatment of vascular restenosis and/or atherosclerosis which are caused by proliferation of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Yee Kim
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Nam Ho Jeoung
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Chang Joo Oh
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Young-Keun Choi
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Han-Jong Kim
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Joon-Young Kim
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Jung Hwan Hwang
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Surendar Tadi
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Yong-Hyeon Yim
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Ki-Up Lee
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Seung Huh
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Ki-Nam Min
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Kyeong-Hoon Jeong
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Myoung Gyu Park
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Tae Hwan Kwak
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Gi Ryang Kweon
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Kouichi Inukai
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - Minho Shong
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.-Y.K., N.H.J., C.J.O., Y.-K.C., H.-J.L., H.-J.K., J.-Y.K., I.-K.L.), Department of Surgery (S.H.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (J.H.H., S.T., M.S.), Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (Y.-H.Y.), Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (K.-U.L.),
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20
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Abstract
Cytosolic NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDPc) is susceptible to inactivation by numerous thiol-modifying reagents. This study now reports that Cys269 of IDPc is a target for S-glutathionylation and that this modification is reversed by dithiothreitol as well as enzymatically by cytosolic glutaredoxin in the presence of GSH. Glutathionylated IDPc was significantly less susceptible than native protein to peptide fragmentation by reactive oxygen species and proteolytic digestion. Glutathionylation may play a protective role in the degradation of protein through the structural alterations of IDPc. HEK293 cells treated with diamide displayed decreased IDPc activity and accumulated glutathionylated enzyme. Using immunoprecipitation with an anti-IDPc IgG and immunoblotting with an anti-GSH IgG, we purified and positively identified glutathionylated IDPc from the kidneys of mice subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury and from the livers of ethanol-administered rats. These results suggest that IDPc activity is modulated through enzymatic glutathionylation and deglutathionylation during oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung Woo Shin
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 702-701, Korea
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21
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Oh CJ, Yang ES, Shin SW, Choi SH, Park CI, Yang CH, Park JW. Epigallocatechin gallate, a constituent of green tea, regulates high glucose-induced apoptosis. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:34-40. [PMID: 18277605 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-008-1117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A high concentration of glucose has been implicated as a causal factor in initiation and progression of diabetic complications, and there is evidence to suggest that hyperglycemia increases the production of free radicals and oxidative stress. Therefore, compounds that scavenge reactive oxygen species may confer regulatory effects on high glucose-induced apoptosis. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenolic of green tea, is reported to have an antioxidant activity. We investigated the effect of EGCG on high glucose-induced apoptosis in U937 cells. Upon exposure to 35 mM glucose for 2 days, there was a distinct difference between untreated cells and cells pre-treated with 1 microM EGCG for 2 h in regard to cellular redox status and oxidative DNA damage to cells. EGCG pre-treated cells showed significant suppression of apoptotic features such as DNA fragmentation, damage to mitochondrial function, and modulation of apoptotic marker proteins upon exposure to high glucose. This study indicates that EGCG may play an important role in regulating the apoptosis induced by high glucose presumably through scavenging of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Joo Oh
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 702-701, Korea
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22
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Abstract
A high concentration of glucose has been implicated as a causal factor in initiation and progression of diabetic complications and there is evidence to suggest that hyperglycemia increases the production of free radicals and oxidative stress. Therefore, compounds that scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) may confer regulatory effects on high glucose-induced apoptosis. Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpene, is reported to have an antioxidant activity. We investigated the effect of UA on high glucose-induced apoptosis in U937 cells. Upon exposure to 35 mM glucose for two days, there was a distinct difference between untreated cells and cells pre-treated with 50 nM UA for 2 h in regard to cellular redox status and oxidative DNA damage to cells. UA pre-treated cells showed significant suppression of apoptotic features such as DNA fragmentation, damage to mitochondrial function and modulation of apoptotic marker proteins upon exposure to high glucose. This study indicates that UA may play an important role in regulating the apoptosis induced by high glucose presumably through scavenging of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Joo Oh
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, South Korea
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23
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Abstract
Heat shock may increase oxidative stress due to increased production of reactive oxygen species and/or the promotion of cellular oxidation events. Therefore, compounds that scavenge reactive oxygen species may regulate heat shock-induced cell death. Recently, it has been shown that the decomposition product of the spin-trapping agent alpha-phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone, N-t-butyl hydroxylamine (NtBHA), mimics alpha-phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone and is much more potent in delaying reactive oxygen species-associated senescence. We investigated the protective role of NtBHA against heat shock-induced apoptosis in U937 cells. Upon exposure to heat shock, there was a distinct difference between the untreated cells and the cells pre-treated with 0.1 mM NtBHA for 2 h in regard to apoptotic parameters, cellular redox status, and mitochondrial function. Upon exposure to heat shock, NtBHA pre-treated cells showed significant inhibition of apoptotic features such as activation of caspase-3, up-regulation of Bax, and down-regulation of Bcl-2 compared to untreated cells. This study indicates that NtBHA may play an important role in regulating the apoptosis induced by heat shock, presumably through scavenging of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
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24
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Abstract
Oxidative mechanisms are thought to have a major role in cataract formation and diabetic complications. Antioxidant enzymes play an essential role in the antioxidant system of the cells that work to maintain low steady-state concentrations of the reactive oxygen species. When HLE-B3 cells, a human lens cell line were exposed to 50-100 mM glucose for 3 days, decrease of viability, inactivation of antioxidant enzymes, and modulation of cellular redox status were observed. Significant increase of cellular oxidative damage reflected by lipid peroxidation and DNA damage were also found. The glycation-mediated inactivation of antioxidant enzymes may result in the perturbation of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms and subsequently lead to a pro-oxidant condition and may contribute to various pathologies associated with the long term complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Hyang Shin
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 702-701, Korea
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25
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Oh CJ, Das KM, Gottlieb AB. Treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) monoclonal antibody dramatically decreases the clinical activity of psoriasis lesions. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 42:829-30. [PMID: 10775863 DOI: 10.1067/mjd.2000.105948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We treated a 57-year-old woman for refractory inflammatory bowel disease with a humanized anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody (Infliximab). The patient also had a 15-year history of Crohn's disease and a 20-year history of moderate to severe psoriasis. She received a single infusion of Infliximab (5 mg/kg). Two weeks after the infusion her psoriasis had dramatically improved in appearance. To our knowledge, our case is the first reported instance of successful anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Oh
- Divisions of Clinical Pharmacology and Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA
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Hoyt CH, Oh CJ, Beekman JB, Litchfield DW, Lerea KM. Identifying and characterizing casein kinase II in human platelets. Blood 1994; 83:3517-23. [PMID: 8204878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that inhibition of protein phosphatases in platelets causes increases in protein phosphorylations with a concomitant inhibition of platelet responses. The burst in protein phosphorylation appears to be catalyzed by messenger-independent protein kinases. The aim of the present study was to characterize the presence of broad families of protein kinases found in platelets. Lysates of control and thrombin-stimulated platelets were prepared, and proteins were separated on MONO Q fast protein liquid chromatography. In addition to the presence of histone protein kinase and tyrosine kinase activities, human platelets contain casein kinase II (CKII) activity as assessed by phosphorylation of a specific substrate peptide. Western blot analysis and immunogold electron microscopy studies further showed the presence of alpha-, alpha'-, and beta-subunits of CKII. The enzyme appears to be distributed throughout the cytosol and not secreted after thrombin treatment. Immunoprecipitation studies suggest that at least some of the holoenzymes exist as an alpha alpha' beta 2 complex. Although no activation of the enzyme was detected after thrombin treatment, our results show that CKII is a major messenger-independent protein kinase in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Hoyt
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595
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27
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Abstract
Coronary-subclavian steal through an internal mammary artery (IMA) graft is a rare cause of myocardial ischemia in patients who have previously undergone coronary artery bypass surgery. Two patients presented with upper extremity ischemic symptoms and recurrent angina pectoris 3 to 4 years following coronary artery bypass with in situ IMA grafts. Diagnosis of coronary-subclavian steal was confirmed by brachiocephalic arteriography, which showed tight stenosis or occlusion of the proximal subclavian artery. Coronary arteriography showed retrograde filling of the IMA with steal from the coronary circulation. Both patients were successfully treated by carotid-subclavian bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Horowitz
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center, Fla
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