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Mohammadzadeh A, Gol A, Kheirandish R. Effects of garlic (Allium sativum L) and Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad individually and in combination on male reproductive damage due to diabetes: suppression of the AGEs/RAGE/Nox-4 signaling pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:149. [PMID: 38581015 PMCID: PMC10996167 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus is associated with disturbances in male reproductive function and fertility. Studies have shown that oxidative stress with the subsequent inflammation and apoptosis cause these complications in diabetes. Garlic (G) (Allium sativum L) and Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad (C) both have antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Recently, we demonstrated their synergistic effects in alleviating reproductive complications when administered concomitantly. However, as even medicinal plants in long term usage may lead to some unwanted side effects of their own, we examined whether with half the original doses of these two medicinal plants we could achieve the desired results. METHODS Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 7/group): Control, Diabetic, Diabetic + G (0.5 ml/100 g BW), Diabetic + C (5 mg/kg BW) and Diabetic + GC (0.5 ml/100 g BW of garlic and 5 mg/kg BW of C. colocynthis) groups. The experimental period was 30 days. RESULTS Oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), immunoexpression of caspase-3, and expression of mRNAs for receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX-4) and nuclear factor kappa B increased in testis of diabetic rats. Treatment with garlic and C. colocynthis alone showed some beneficial effects, but in the combination form the effectiveness was more profound. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the combination therapy of diabetic rats with lower doses is still as efficient as higher doses; therefore, the way forward for reducing complications in long term consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aghileh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Gol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Reza Kheirandish
- Department of Pathobiology, Veterinary Faculty, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Kadam SB, Barvkar VT. COI1 dependent jasmonic acid signalling positively modulates ROS scavenging system in transgenic hairy root culture of tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108229. [PMID: 38039582 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is a routine event in plants. ROS function as signalling molecules in regulating plant development and defence. However, their accumulation beyond threshold leads to toxicity. Hence, plants are evolved with specialized ROS scavenging system involving phytohormones (synthesis and signalling), enzymes and metabolites. To understand the role of phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) signalling in ROS scavenging, tomato coronatine insensitive 1 (SlCOI1), a key gene in JA signalling, was silenced and overexpressed in tomato transgenic hairy roots (HR) under the constitutive promoter. Targeted metabolomics of transgenic HR revealed accumulation of phenolic acids including ferulic acid, coumaric acid, vanillic acid, and flavonoid catechin in SlCOI1 overexpressed line. Moreover, osmolyte amino acids proline, asparagine, and glutamine showed a positive co-relation with transgenic overexpression of SlCOI1. Ascorbic acid-glutathione, a crucial antioxidant system was found to be influenced by COI1-mediated JA signalling. The expression of genes encoding enzymes superoxide dismutase 1, ascorbate peroxidase 1, and dehydroascorbate reductase 2 was found to be down and upregulated in SlCOI1 silenced and overexpressed lines, respectively. Methyl jasmonate and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici crude extract treatment further confirmed the regulatory role of COI1-mediated JA signalling in regulation of enzymatic components involved in ROS scavenging. The COI1-mediated JA signalling could also elevate the expression of RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG-B gene which is involved in ROS wave signal generation. The present study underscores the role of COI1-mediated JA signalling in modulating enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of ROS scavenging system and pathogen associated molecular pattern triggered immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil B Kadam
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Vitthal T Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
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Mir SA, Dar A, Hamid L, Nisar N, Malik JA, Ali T, Bader GN. Flavonoids as promising molecules in the cancer therapy: An insight. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2023; 6:100167. [PMID: 38144883 PMCID: PMC10733705 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2023.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer continues to increase global morbidity and mortality rates. Despite substantial progress in the development of various chemically synthesized anti-cancer drugs, the poor prognosis of the disease still remains a big challenge. The most common drawback of conventional cancer therapies is the emergence of drug resistance eventually leading to the discontinuation of chemotherapy. Moreover, advanced target-specific therapies including immunotherapy and stem cell therapy are expensive enough and are unaffordable for most patients in poorer nations. Therefore, alternative and cheaper therapeutic strategies are needed to complement the current cancer treatment approaches. Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds produced naturally by plants and have great potential in human health and disease. These compounds possess antiproliferative, anti-oxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. Among the phytochemicals, flavonoids are very effective in treating a wide range of diseases from cardiovascular diseases and immunological disorders to cancer. They scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibit cancer metastasis, modulate the immune system and induce apoptotic or autophagic cell death in cancers. This review will discuss the potential of various phytochemicals particularly flavonoids in attempts to target various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Ahmad Mir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J & K, 190006, India
| | - Ashraf Dar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J & K, 190006, India
| | - Laraibah Hamid
- Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J & K, 190006, India
| | - Nasir Nisar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J & K, 190006, India
| | - Jonaid Ahmad Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, India
| | - Tabasum Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J & K, 190006, India
| | - Ghulam Nabi Bader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J & K, 190006, India
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Arabshomali A, Bazzazzadehgan S, Mahdi F, Shariat-Madar Z. Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Phytochemicals in Type 2 Diabetes. Molecules 2023; 28:7209. [PMID: 37894687 PMCID: PMC10609456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical relationship between diabetes and inflammation is well established. Evidence clearly indicates that disrupting oxidant-antioxidant equilibrium and elevated lipid peroxidation could be a potential mechanism for chronic kidney disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Under diabetic conditions, hyperglycemia, especially inflammation, and increased reactive oxygen species generation are bidirectionally associated. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue damage are believed to play a role in the development of diabetes. Although the exact mechanism underlying oxidative stress and its impact on diabetes progression remains uncertain, the hyperglycemia-inflammation-oxidative stress interaction clearly plays a significant role in the onset and progression of vascular disease, kidney disease, hepatic injury, and pancreas damage and, therefore, holds promise as a therapeutic target. Evidence strongly indicates that the use of multiple antidiabetic medications fails to achieve the normal range for glycated hemoglobin targets, signifying treatment-resistant diabetes. Antioxidants with polyphenols are considered useful as adjuvant therapy for their potential anti-inflammatory effect and antioxidant activity. We aimed to analyze the current major points reported in preclinical, in vivo, and clinical studies of antioxidants in the prevention or treatment of inflammation in T2DM. Then, we will share our speculative vision for future diabetes clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Arabshomali
- Department of Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (A.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Shadi Bazzazzadehgan
- Department of Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (A.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Fakhri Mahdi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Zia Shariat-Madar
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
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Pratelli G, Tamburini B, Carlisi D, De Blasio A, D’Anneo A, Emanuele S, Notaro A, Affranchi F, Giuliano M, Seidita A, Lauricella M, Di Liberto D. Foodomics-Based Approaches Shed Light on the Potential Protective Effects of Polyphenols in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14619. [PMID: 37834065 PMCID: PMC10572570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract (GT) caused by a wide range of genetic, microbial, and environmental factors. IBD is characterized by chronic inflammation and decreased gut microbial diversity, dysbiosis, with a lower number of beneficial bacteria and a concomitant increase in pathogenic species. It is well known that dysbiosis is closely related to the induction of inflammation and oxidative stress, the latter caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cellular antioxidant capacity, leading to cellular ROS accumulation. ROS are responsible for intestinal epithelium oxidative damage and the increased intestinal permeability found in IBD patients, and their reduction could represent a potential therapeutic strategy to limit IBD progression and alleviate its symptoms. Recent evidence has highlighted that dietary polyphenols, the natural antioxidants, can maintain redox equilibrium in the GT, preventing gut dysbiosis, intestinal epithelium damage, and radical inflammatory responses. Here, we suggest that the relatively new foodomics approaches, together with new technologies for promoting the antioxidative properties of dietary polyphenols, including novel delivery systems, chemical modifications, and combination strategies, may provide critical insights to determine the clinical value of polyphenols for IBD therapy and a comprehensive perspective for implementing natural antioxidants as potential IBD candidate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pratelli
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC) Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Bartolo Tamburini
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
| | - Anna De Blasio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Antonella D’Anneo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Sonia Emanuele
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
| | - Antonietta Notaro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Federica Affranchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Michela Giuliano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Aurelio Seidita
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
| | - Diana Di Liberto
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
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Hu B, Shi Y, Lu C, Chen H, Zeng Y, Deng J, Zhang L, Lin Q, Li W, Chen Y, Zhong F, Xia X. Raspberry polyphenols alleviate neurodegenerative diseases: through gut microbiota and ROS signals. Food Funct 2023; 14:7760-7779. [PMID: 37555470 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01835k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are neurological disorders that become more prevalent with age, usually caused by damage or loss of neurons or their myelin sheaths, such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important triggers for neurodegenerative disease development, and mitigation of oxidative stress caused by ROS imbalance in the human body is important for the treatment of these diseases. As a widespread delicious fruit, the raspberry is widely used in the field of food and medicine because of its abundant polyphenols and other bioactive substances. Polyphenols from a wide variety of raspberry sources could alleviate neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to summarize the current roles of these polyphenols in maintaining neurological stability by regulating the composition and metabolism of the intestinal flora and the gut-brain axis signal transmission. Especially, we discuss the therapeutic effects on neurodegenerative diseases of raspberry polyphenols through intestinal microorganisms and ROS signals, by means of summary and analysis. Finally, methods of improving the digestibility and utilization of raspberry polyphenols are proposed, which will provide a potential way for raspberry polyphenols to guarantee the health of the human nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyong Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Yi Shi
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Chunyue Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Haixin Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Yuqing Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Jing Deng
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Qinlu Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Wen Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Yuan Chen
- School of Life Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China
| | - Feifei Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
- Changsha Institute for Food and Drug Control, Changsha 410016, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Xia
- Huaihua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huaihua 418000, Hunan, China
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Sahoo DK, Heilmann RM, Paital B, Patel A, Yadav VK, Wong D, Jergens AE. Oxidative stress, hormones, and effects of natural antioxidants on intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1217165. [PMID: 37701897 PMCID: PMC10493311 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1217165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing gastrointestinal (GI) disorder characterized by intestinal inflammation. The etiology of IBD is multifactorial and results from a complex interplay between mucosal immunity, environmental factors, and host genetics. Future therapeutics for GI disorders, including IBD, that are driven by oxidative stress require a greater understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the GI tract, oxidative stressors include infections and pro-inflammatory responses, which boost ROS generation by promoting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) represent two important signaling pathways in intestinal immune cells that regulate numerous physiological processes, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Natural antioxidant compounds exhibit ROS scavenging and increase antioxidant defense capacity to inhibit pro-oxidative enzymes, which may be useful in IBD treatment. In this review, we discuss various polyphenolic substances (such as resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, green tea flavonoids, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, luteolin, xanthohumol, genistein, alpinetin, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, silymarin), phenolic compounds including thymol, alkaloids such as berberine, storage polysaccharides such as tamarind xyloglucan, and other phytochemicals represented by isothiocyanate sulforaphane and food/spices (such as ginger, flaxseed oil), as well as antioxidant hormones like melatonin that target cellular signaling pathways to reduce intestinal inflammation occurring with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Romy M. Heilmann
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, SN, Germany
| | - Biswaranjan Paital
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - David Wong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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8
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Jena AB, Samal RR, Bhol NK, Duttaroy AK. Cellular Red-Ox system in health and disease: The latest update. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114606. [PMID: 36989716 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are continually exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during cellular metabolism. Apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy are biological processes involving a feedback cycle that causes ROS molecules to induce oxidative stress. To adapt to ROS exposure, living cells develop various defense mechanisms to neutralize and use ROS as a signaling molecule. The cellular redox networks combine signaling pathways that regulate cell metabolism, energy, cell survival, and cell death. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) are essential antioxidant enzymes that are required for scavenging ROS in various cell compartments and response to stressful situations. Among the non-enzymatic defenses, vitamin C, glutathione (GSH), polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamin E, etc., are also essential. This review article describes how ROS are produced as byproducts of oxidation/reduction (redox) processes and how the antioxidants defense system is directly or indirectly engaged in scavenging ROS. In addition, we used computational methods to determine the comparative profile of binding energies of several antioxidants with antioxidant enzymes. The computational analysis demonstrates that antioxidants with a high affinity for antioxidant enzymes regulate their structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atala Bihari Jena
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rashmi Rekha Samal
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 013, India
| | - Nitish Kumar Bhol
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
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Macharia JM, Ngure V, Emődy B, Király B, Káposztás Z, Rozmann N, Erdélyi A, Raposa B. Pharmacotherapeutic Potential of Aloe secundiflora against Colorectal Cancer Growth and Proliferation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051558. [PMID: 37242800 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aloe species are widespread and diverse in African ecosystems, and this commonly correlates to their habitual use as reservoirs of herbal medicine. The side effects associated with chemotherapy and the development of antimicrobial resistance to empirically used antimicrobial drugs are substantial, paving the way for novel phytotherapeutic approaches. This comprehensive study aimed to evaluate and present Aloe secundiflora (A. secundiflora) as a compelling alternative with potential benefits in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. Important databases were systematically searched for relevant literature, and out of a large collection of 6421 titles and abstracts, only 68 full-text articles met the inclusion criteria. A. secundiflora possesses an abundant presence of bioactive phytoconstituents in the leaves and roots, including anthraquinones, naphthoquinones, phenols, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids, among others. These metabolites have proven diverse efficacy in inhibiting cancer growth. The presence of innumerable biomolecules in A. secundiflora signifies the beneficial effects of incorporating the plant as a potential anti-CRC agent. Nonetheless, we recommend further research to determine the optimal concentrations necessary to elicit beneficial effects in the management of CRC. Furthermore, they should be investigated as potential raw ingredients for making conventional medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Macharia
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pẻcs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Veronica Ngure
- School of Science and Applied Technology, Laikipia University, Nyahururu P.O. Box 1100-20300, Kenya
| | - Barnabás Emődy
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pẻcs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Bence Király
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pẻcs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Káposztás
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pẻcs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Nóra Rozmann
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pẻcs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Attila Erdélyi
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pẻcs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Bence Raposa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pẻcs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
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Jamieson PE, Carbonero F, Stevens JF. Dietary (poly)phenols mitigate inflammatory bowel disease: Therapeutic targets, mechanisms of action, and clinical observations. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100521. [PMID: 37266414 PMCID: PMC10230173 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are a rapidly growing public health concern worldwide. These diseases are heterogeneous at the clinical, immunological, molecular, genetic, and microbial level, but characteristically involve a disrupted immune-microbiome axis. Shortcomings in conventional treatment options warrant the need for novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate these life-long and relapsing disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Polyphenols, a diverse group of phytochemicals, have gained attention as candidate treatments due to their array of biological effects. Polyphenols exert broad anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects through the modulation of cellular signaling pathways and transcription factors important in IBD progression. Polyphenols also bidirectionally modulate the gut microbiome, supporting commensals and inhibiting pathogens. One of the primary means by which gut microbiota interface with the host is through the production of metabolites, which are small molecules produced as intermediate or end products of metabolism. There is growing evidence to support that modulation of the gut microbiome by polyphenols restores microbially derived metabolites critical to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis that are adversely disrupted in IBD. This review aims to define the therapeutic targets of polyphenols that may be important for mitigation of IBD symptoms, as well as to collate evidence for their clinical use from randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E. Jamieson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Franck Carbonero
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Kim KH, Ki MR, Min KH, Pack SP. Advanced Delivery System of Polyphenols for Effective Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051048. [PMID: 37237914 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols from plants such as fruits and vegetables are phytochemicals with physiological and pharmacological activity as potential drugs to modulate oxidative stress and inflammation associated with cardiovascular disease, chronic disease, and cancer. However, due to the limited water solubility and bioavailability of many natural compounds, their pharmacological applications have been limited. Researchers have made progress in the development of nano- and micro-carriers that can address these issues and facilitate effective drug delivery. The currently developed drug delivery systems maximize the fundamental effects in various aspects such as absorption rate, stability, cellular absorption, and bioactivity of polyphenols. This review focuses on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols enhanced by the introduction of drug delivery systems, and ultimately discusses the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, growth, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koung Hee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ran Ki
- Institute of Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Ha Min
- Institute of Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
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Matsumura Y, Kitabatake M, Kayano SI, Ito T. Dietary Phenolic Compounds: Their Health Benefits and Association with the Gut Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040880. [PMID: 37107256 PMCID: PMC10135282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress causes various diseases, such as type II diabetes and dyslipidemia, while antioxidants in foods may prevent a number of diseases and delay aging by exerting their effects in vivo. Phenolic compounds are phytochemicals such as flavonoids which consist of flavonols, flavones, flavanonols, flavanones, anthocyanidins, isoflavones, lignans, stilbenoids, curcuminoids, phenolic acids, and tannins. They have phenolic hydroxyl groups in their molecular structures. These compounds are present in most plants, are abundant in nature, and contribute to the bitterness and color of various foods. Dietary phenolic compounds, such as quercetin in onions and sesamin in sesame, exhibit antioxidant activity and help prevent cell aging and diseases. In addition, other kinds of compounds, such as tannins, have larger molecular weights, and many unexplained aspects still exist. The antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds may be beneficial for human health. On the other hand, metabolism by intestinal bacteria changes the structures of these compounds with antioxidant properties, and the resulting metabolites exert their effects in vivo. In recent years, it has become possible to analyze the composition of the intestinal microbiota. The augmentation of the intestinal microbiota by the intake of phenolic compounds has been implicated in disease prevention and symptom recovery. Furthermore, the “brain–gut axis”, which is a communication system between the gut microbiome and brain, is attracting increasing attention, and research has revealed that the gut microbiota and dietary phenolic compounds affect brain homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the usefulness of dietary phenolic compounds with antioxidant activities against some diseases, their biotransformation by the gut microbiota, the augmentation of the intestinal microflora, and their effects on the brain–gut axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsumura
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitabatake
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Kayano
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Habtemariam S. Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Mechanisms of Natural Products: Insight from Rosemary Diterpenes, Carnosic Acid and Carnosol. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020545. [PMID: 36831081 PMCID: PMC9953345 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CAR) are two major diterpenes of the rosemary plant (Rosmarinus officinalis). They possess a phenolic structural moiety and are endowed with the power to remove cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) either through direct scavenging reaction or indirectly through upregulation of antioxidant defences. Hand in hand with these activities are their multiple biological effects and therapeutic potential orchestrated through modulating various signalling pathways of inflammation, including the NF-κB, MAPK, Nrf2, SIRT1, STAT3 and NLRP3 inflammasomes, among others. Consequently, they ameliorate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6), adhesion molecules, chemokines and prostaglandins. These anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action as a therapeutic link to various effects of these compounds, as in many other natural products, are scrutinised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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Sheng Y, Sun Y, Tang Y, Yu Y, Wang J, Zheng F, Li Y, Sun Y. Catechins: Protective mechanism of antioxidant stress in atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1144878. [PMID: 37033663 PMCID: PMC10080012 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1144878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea has long been valued for its health benefits, especially its potential to prevent and treat atherosclerosis (AS). Abnormal lipid metabolism and oxidative stress are major factors that contribute to the development of AS. Tea, which originated in China, is believed to help prevent AS. Research has shown that tea is rich in catechins, which is considered a potential source of natural antioxidants. Catechins are the most abundant antioxidants in green tea, and are considered to be the main compound responsible for tea's antioxidant activity. The antioxidant properties of catechins are largely dependent on the structure of molecules, and the number and location of hydroxyl groups or their substituents. As an exogenous antioxidant, catechins can effectively eliminate lipid peroxidation products. They can also play an antioxidant role indirectly by activating the endogenous antioxidant system by regulating enzyme activity and signaling pathways. In this review, we summarized the preventive effect of catechin in AS, and emphasized that improving the antioxidant effect and lipid metabolism disorders of catechins is the key to managing AS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yizhuo Sun
- *Correspondence: Fengjie Zheng, ; Yuhang Li, ; Yan Sun,
| | | | | | | | - Fengjie Zheng
- *Correspondence: Fengjie Zheng, ; Yuhang Li, ; Yan Sun,
| | - Yuhang Li
- *Correspondence: Fengjie Zheng, ; Yuhang Li, ; Yan Sun,
| | - Yan Sun
- *Correspondence: Fengjie Zheng, ; Yuhang Li, ; Yan Sun,
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Mohammadzadeh A, Gol A. Synergistic properties of garlic and Citrullus colocynthis on reproductive injury caused by diabetes in male rats: Structural and molecular evidence. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14467. [PMID: 36219760 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the synergistic effect of garlic and Citrullus colocynthis on diabetic reproductive damage by suppressing the AGEs/RAGE/Nox-4 signaling pathway. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 7/group): Control, Diabetic, Diabetic+G (Garlic, 1 mL/100 g b.w), Diabetic+C (C. colocynthis, 10 mg/kg b.w) and Diabetic+GC (Garlic, 1 mL/100 g b.w and C. colocynthis, 10 mg/kg b.w) groups. At the end of the experimental period (30 days), in diabetic rats, glucose increased, and body & testis weight, luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone levels, and sperm count decreased significantly and histopathological injuries were observed. In addition, they have increased testicular apoptosis and oxidative stress. Also, the mechanism based on advanced glycation end products (AGEs)/receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)/NADPH oxidase-4 (Nox-4) was activated in diabetic rats. Separate consumption of garlic and C. colocynthis in Diabetic+G and Diabetic+C groups alleviated the negative adverse effect of diabetes to some extent, but when they were used in the combination form (Diabetic+GC) improvement was profound. Testis histopathology, increased body and testis weight, and enhanced capacity in protecting diabetic reproductive injury was seen. Decreases in testosterone and LH concentration and sperm count in diabetic rats were also reversed by combined administration of garlic and C. colocynthis. It regulated oxidative stress markers, meanwhile reducing caspase-3 immunoexpression. In addition, overexpression of RAGE, Nox-4 and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) was inhibited by the combination of garlic and C. colocynthis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Diabetes mellitus is wide spread all around the world with variety of complications in body including reproductive system in which patients suffer from physical and psychological aspects. Despite many efforts in providing agents for controlling diabetes and its complications, economic conditions of some countries make it difficult for people to provide costly medicine and as a result, they have to bear the complications until they pass away. However, traditional medicine is still finding its way, especially in poor countries with emphasis on medicinal plants. There have been many studies on plants to alleviate diabetes or its side effects. But, using one plant for long term, may be not so effective. Here, we attempted to find whether two plants from two different species can show more efficacy than each one alone. We noticed garlic and Citrullus colocynthis despite having beneficial effects when used alone, they could show synergistic effects in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aghileh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Gol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Capozzi A, Saucier C, Bisbal C, Lambert K. Grape Polyphenols in the Treatment of Human Skeletal Muscle Damage Due to Inflammation and Oxidative Stress during Obesity and Aging: Early Outcomes and Promises. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196594. [PMID: 36235130 PMCID: PMC9573747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Today, inactivity and high-calorie diets contribute to the development of obesity and premature aging. In addition, the population of elderly people is growing due to improvements in healthcare management. Obesity and aging are together key risk factors for non-communicable diseases associated with several co-morbidities and increased mortality, with a major impact on skeletal muscle defect and/or poor muscle mass quality. Skeletal muscles contribute to multiple body functions and play a vital role throughout the day, in all our activities. In our society, limiting skeletal muscle deterioration, frailty and dependence is not only a major public health challenge but also a major socio-economic issue. Specific diet supplementation with natural chemical compounds such as grape polyphenols had shown to play a relevant and direct role in regulating metabolic and molecular pathways involved in the prevention and treatment of obesity and aging and their related muscle comorbidities in cell culture and animal studies. However, clinical studies aiming to restore skeletal muscle mass and function with nutritional grape polyphenols supplementation are still very scarce. There is an urgent need for clinical studies to validate the very encouraging results observed in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Capozzi
- PhyMedExp, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34295 Montpellier, France
- SPO, INRAE, Institute Agro, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Cédric Saucier
- SPO, INRAE, Institute Agro, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Bisbal
- PhyMedExp, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (K.L.); Tel.: +33-(0)4-1175-9891 (C.B. & K.L.)
| | - Karen Lambert
- PhyMedExp, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (K.L.); Tel.: +33-(0)4-1175-9891 (C.B. & K.L.)
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Secondary Metabolites with Biomedical Applications from Plants of the Sarraceniaceae Family. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179877. [PMID: 36077275 PMCID: PMC9456395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnivorous plants have fascinated researchers and hobbyists for centuries because of their mode of nutrition which is unlike that of other plants. They are able to produce bioactive compounds used to attract, capture and digest prey but also as a defense mechanism against microorganisms and free radicals. The main purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the secondary metabolites with significant biological activity found in the Sarraceniaceae family. The review also underlines the necessity of future studies for the biochemical characterization of the less investigated species. Darlingtonia, Heliamphora and Sarracenia plants are rich in compounds with potential pharmaceutical and medical uses. These belong to several classes such as flavonoids, with flavonol glycosides being the most abundant, monoterpenes, triterpenes, sesquiterpenes, fatty acids, alkaloids and others. Some of them are well characterized in terms of chemical properties and biological activity and have widespread commercial applications. The review also discusses biological activity of whole extracts and commercially available products derived from Sarraceniaceae plants. In conclusion, this review underscores that Sarraceniaceae species contain numerous substances with the potential to advance health. Future perspectives should focus on the discovery of new molecules and increasing the production of known compounds using biotechnological methods.
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Tan R, Hu Z, Zhou M, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zou Y, Li K, Zhang S, Pan J, Peng Y, Li W, Zheng J. Diosbulbin B: An important component responsible for hepatotoxicity and protein covalent binding induced by Dioscorea bulbifera L. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154174. [PMID: 35660353 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dioscorea bulbifera L. (DBL) is an herbal medicine used for the treatment of thyroid diseases and tumors in China. However, the hepatotoxicity of DBL limits its wide safe use. Diosbulbin B (DSB) is the most abundant diterpene lactone occurring in DBL. Numbers of studies showed that this furanoterpenoid plays an important role in DBL-induced liver injury and that DSB is metabolized to a cis-enedial intermediate which reacts with protein to form protein covalent binding and induces hepatotoxicity. PURPOSE The present study aimed to define the association of DSB content in DBL with the severity of DBL hepatotoxicity to ensure the safe use of the herbal medicine in clinical practice and to determine the role of DSB in DBL-induced liver injury. METHODS Chemical chromatographic fingerprints of DBL were established by UPLC-MS/MS. Their hepatotoxicity potencies were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Metabolic activation of DSB was evaluated by liver microsomal incubation. Protein modification was assessed by mass spectrometry and immunostaining. RESULTS The contents of DSB in DBL herbs collected from 11 locations in China varied dramatically with as much as 47-fold difference. The hepatotoxicity potencies of DBL herbs were found to be proportional to the contents of DSB. Intensified protein adduction derived from the reactive metabolite of DSB was observed in mice administered DBL with high contents of DSB. CONCLUSION The findings not only demonstrated that contents of DSB can be quite different depending on harvest location and special attention needs to pay for quality control of DBL but also suggest DSB is a key contributor for DBL-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; School of Life and Health Science, Kaili University, Kaili, Guizhou 556011, China
| | - Zixia Hu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Mengyue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Ying Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Kunna Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Jie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China.
| | - Jiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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Park MY, Kim Y, Ha SE, Kim HH, Bhosale PB, Abusaliya A, Jeong SH, Kim GS. Function and Application of Flavonoids in the Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147732. [PMID: 35887080 PMCID: PMC9323071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the top causes of death, particularly among women, and it affects many women. Cancer can also be caused by various factors, including acquiring genetic alteration. Doctors use radiation to detect and treat breast cancer. As a result, breast cancer becomes radiation-resistant, necessitating a new strategy for its treatment. The approach discovered by the researchers is a flavonoid, which is being researched to see if it might help treat radiation-resistant breast cancer more safely than an approved medicine already being used in the field. As a result, this study focuses on the role of flavonoids in breast cancer suppression, breast cancer gene anomalies, and the resulting apoptotic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yeong Park
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Yoonjung Kim
- College of Nursing, Konyang University Medical Campus, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea;
| | - Sang Eun Ha
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
- Biological Resources Research Group, Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Korea
| | - Hun Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Pritam Bhangwan Bhosale
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Abuyaseer Abusaliya
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Se Hyo Jeong
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-3834-5823
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Al Safi MA, Rashid HM, Afifi FU, Talib WH. Gaz Alafi: A Traditional Dessert in the Middle East With Anticancer, Immunomodulatory, and Antimicrobial Activities. Front Nutr 2022; 9:900506. [PMID: 35845806 PMCID: PMC9283951 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.900506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundFrom the earliest times, manna has been widely used as a tasty local sweet or folk medicine. The type of manna being investigated in the present study is called Gaz-alafi, a mixture of insect and Quercus brantii leaves secretions from oak forests in the north of Iraq and west of Iran.MethodsAqueous and ethanol extracts were prepared as decoction. Various phytochemical tests were conducted to analyze manna composition, including total phenolic contents using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and LC-MS. Gallic acid and catechin were detected in both extracts, in addition to tiliroside presence in ethanol extract, which added more value to the phenolic content of ethanol extract. Cytotoxic activities of Gaz alafi were evaluated against breast cancer cell lines and compared to normal cell lines and doxorubicin using the MTT assay. Antimicrobial properties were assessed against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans using the dilution method of the micro-titer plate. Serum levels of IFN-γ, interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured using ELISA. The effect of extracts on splenocyte proliferation was evaluated using the lymphocytes proliferation assay. Macrophage function was evaluated using the nitro blue tetrazolium assay, whereas pinocytosis was evaluated using the neutral red uptake assay. Ten days after tumor inoculation, changes in tumor size, survival rates, levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatinine were measured.ResultsThe growth of cancer cells was inhibited by Gaz alafi ethanol extract. An alteration in IFN- γ, IL-2, and IL-4 levels toward antiproliferation immune response were reported for both extracts. The aqueous extract efficiently stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis, followed by the ethanol extracts with moderate activity. After treating the mice with ethanol extracts, a significant reduction in tumor size and several undetected tumors were recorded.ConclusionsGaz alafi extracts (aqueous and ethanol) are promising sources for anticancer and immunostimulatory agents. Further studies are needed to fully identify the chemical composition of Gaz alafi extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena A. Al Safi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hasan M. Rashid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fatma U. Afifi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
- *Correspondence: Wamidh H. Talib
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Hydrolyzed Flavonoids from Cyrtosperma johnstonii with Superior Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential for Cancer Prevention. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103226. [PMID: 35630704 PMCID: PMC9146275 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyrtosperma johnstonii is one of the most interesting traditional medicines for cancer treatment. This study aimed to compare and combine the biological activities related to cancer prevention of the flavonoid glycosides rutin (RT) and isorhamnetin-3-o-rutinoside (IRR) and their hydrolysis products quercetin (QT) and isorhamnetin (IR) from C.johnstonii extract. ABTS and MTT assays were used to determine antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity against various cancer cells, as well as normal cells. Anti-inflammatory activities were measured by ELISA. The results showed that the antioxidant activities of the compounds decreased in the order of QT > IR > RT > IRR, while most leukemia cell lines were sensitive to QT and IR with low toxicity towards PBMCs. The reduction of IL-6 and IL-10 secretion by QT and IR was higher than that induced by RT and IRR. The combination of hydrolysis products (QT and IR) possessed a strong synergism in antioxidant, antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects, whereas the combination of flavonoid glycosides and their hydrolysis products revealed antagonism. These results suggest that the potential of the combination of hydrolyzed flavonoids from C. johnstonii can be considered as natural compounds for the prevention of cancer.
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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Glabralactone, a Coumarin Compound from Angelica sinensis, via Suppression of TRIF-Dependent IRF-3 Signaling and NF-κB Pathways. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:5985255. [PMID: 35586367 PMCID: PMC9110254 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5985255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The dried root of Angelica sinensis (A. sinensis) has been widely used in Chinese traditional medicine for various diseases such as inflammation, osteoarthritis, infections, mild anemia, fatigue, and high blood pressure. Searching for the secondary metabolites of A. sinensis has been mainly conducted. However, the bioactivity of coumarins in the plant remains unexplored. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of glabralactone, a coumarin compound from A. sinensis, using in vitro and in vivo models, and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of action. Glabralactone effectively inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The downregulation of LPS-induced mRNA and protein expression of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and miR-155 was found by glabralactone. The activation of NF-κB and TRIF-dependent IRF-3 pathway was also effectively suppressed by glabralactone in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Glabralactone (5 and 10 mg/kg) exhibited an in vivo anti-inflammatory activity with the reduction of paw edema volume in carrageenan-induced rat model, and the expressions of iNOS and IL-1β proteins were suppressed by glabralactone in the paw soft tissues of the animal model. Taken together, glabralactone exhibited an anti-inflammatory activity in in vitro and in vivo models. These findings reveal that glabralactone might be one of the potential components for the anti-inflammatory activity of A. sinensis and may be prioritized in the development of a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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An integrative approach to harnessing the potential of Traditional Indian Medicinal plants for acute viral infections. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Therapeutic benefits of flavonoids against neuroinflammation: a systematic review. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:111-136. [PMID: 35031904 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00895-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are an important class of natural polyphenolic compounds reported to exert beneficial effects in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, cancer, autoimmune and neurological disorders. Flavonoids possess potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and immuno-modulation properties. Intriguingly, the importance of flavonoids in different neurological disorders is gaining more attention due to the safety, better pharmacokinetic profile and blood-brain barrier penetration, cost-effectiveness and readiness for clinical uses/trials. Many in vitro and in vivo research studies have established the neuroprotective mechanism of flavonoids in the central nervous system (CNS) diseases. The present review summarizes the benefits of various classes of flavonoids (flavones, flavonols, flavanones, anthocyanidins, isoflavones, flavanols), chemical nature, classification, their occurrence and distribution, pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. The manuscript also presents available evidences relating to the role of flavonoids in regulating key signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (JAK/STAT) pathway, Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway involved in neuroinflammation associated with major neurological disorders. Literature search was conducted using electronic databases like Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed central, Springer search and Web of science. Chemical structures used in the present analysis were drawn using Chemdraw Professional 15.0 software. This collective information provides comprehensive knowledge on disease pathways and therapeutic benefits of flavonoids in neurological disorders, druggability and future scope for research.
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Koppula S, Akther M, Haque ME, Kopalli SR. Potential Nutrients from Natural and Synthetic Sources Targeting Inflammaging-A Review of Literature, Clinical Data and Patents. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114058. [PMID: 34836313 PMCID: PMC8617641 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammaging, the steady development of the inflammatory state over age is an attributable characteristic of aging that potentiates the initiation of pathogenesis in many age-related disorders (ARDs) including neurodegenerative diseases, arthritis, cancer, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and osteoporosis. Inflammaging is characterized by subclinical chronic, low grade, steady inflammatory states and is considered a crucial underlying cause behind the high mortality and morbidity rate associated with ARDs. Although a coherent set of studies detailed the underlying pathomechanisms of inflammaging, the potential benefits from non-toxic nutrients from natural and synthetic sources in modulating or delaying inflammaging processes was not discussed. In this review, the available literature and recent updates of natural and synthetic nutrients that help in controlling inflammaging process was explored. Also, we discussed the clinical trial reports and patent claims on potential nutrients demonstrating therapeutic benefits in controlling inflammaging and inflammation-associated ARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushruta Koppula
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27381, Korea; (S.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Mahbuba Akther
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27381, Korea; (S.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Md Ezazul Haque
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27381, Korea;
| | - Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-6935-2619
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Ibragic S, Barbini S, Oberlerchner JT, Potthast A, Rosenau T, Böhmdorfer S. Antioxidant properties and qualitative analysis of phenolic constituents in Ephedra spp. by HPTLC together with injection port derivatization GC-MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1180:122877. [PMID: 34371347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ephedra herb extracts are being extensively investigated in terms of their antioxidative, antimicrobial and antiproliferative properties, with phenolic components being the general carriers of these bioactivities. Here we describe a comprehensive set of analytical methods employed to determine and characterize both the antioxidative activity and the qualitative profile of phenolic acids and flavonoids present in several Ephedra species of different geographical origin. Spectrophotometric methods were used to determine the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidative activity. Multi-development HPTLC enabled chemical fingerprinting which can be used for species differentiation. Individual spots of the thin-layer chromatogram were subjected to GC-MS with injection port derivatization for identification, which was based on both the detected mass spectra and recorded retention indices. The results were compared and complemented with GC-MS using offline derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Ibragic
- University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Stefano Barbini
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU University), Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Josua Timotheus Oberlerchner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU University), Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Antje Potthast
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU University), Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU University), Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Stefan Böhmdorfer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU University), Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
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Ladeira LCM, Dos Santos EC, Santos TA, da Silva J, Lima GDDA, Machado-Neves M, da Silva RC, Freitas MB, Maldonado IRDSC. Green tea infusion prevents diabetic nephropathy aggravation in recent-onset type 1 diabetes regardless of glycemic control. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114032. [PMID: 33737142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Green tea, traditionally used as antidiabetic medicine, positively affects the diabetic nephropathy. It was assumed that these beneficial effects were due to the hypoglycemiant capacity of the tea, wich reduces the glycemic overload and, consequently, the advanced glycation end products rate and oxidative damage. However, these results are still controversial, since tea is not always able to exert a hypoglycemic action, as demonstrated by previous studies. AIM Investigate if green tea infusion can generate positive outcomes for the kidney independently of glycemic control, using a model of severe type 1 diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS We treated streptozotocin type 1 diabetic young rats with 100 mg/kg of green tea, daily, for 42 days, and evaluated the serum and tissue markers for stress and function. We also analyzed the ion dynamics in the organ and the morphological alterations promoted by diabetes and green tea treatment. Besides, we analyzed, by an in silico approach, the interactions of the green tea main catechins with the proteins expressed in the kidney. RESULTS Our findings reveal that the components of green tea can interact with the proteins participating in cell signaling pathways that regulate energy metabolism, including glucose and glycogen synthesis, glucose reabsorption, hypoxia management, and cell death by apoptosis. Such interaction reduces glycogen accumulation in the organ, and protects the DNA. These results also reflect in a preserved glomerulus morphology, with improvement in pathological features, and suggesting a prevention of kidney function impairment. CONCLUSION Our results show that such benefits are achieved regardless of the blood glucose status, and are not dependent on the reduction of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Talita Amorim Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Janaina da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France.
| | | | - Mariana Machado-Neves
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Renê Chagas da Silva
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Wang S, Li Z, Ma Y, Liu Y, Lin CC, Li S, Zhan J, Ho CT. Immunomodulatory Effects of Green Tea Polyphenols. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123755. [PMID: 34203004 PMCID: PMC8234133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea and its bioactive components, especially polyphenols, possess many health-promoting and disease-preventing benefits, especially anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and metabolic modulation effects with multi-target modes of action. However, the effect of tea polyphenols on immune function has not been well studied. Moreover, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating immunoregulation are not well understood. This review summarizes the recent studies on the immune-potentiating effects and corresponding mechanisms of tea polyphenols, especially the main components of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG). In addition, the benefits towards immune-related diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, cutaneous-related immune diseases, and obesity-related immune diseases, have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Zhongke Research Institute of Industrial Technology, College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (S.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhiliang Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Zhongke Research Institute of Industrial Technology, College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (S.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yuting Ma
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Zhongke Research Institute of Industrial Technology, College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (S.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yan Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Zhongke Research Institute of Industrial Technology, College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (S.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Chi-Chen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Zhongke Research Institute of Industrial Technology, College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (S.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (C.-T.H.)
| | - Jianfeng Zhan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Zhongke Research Institute of Industrial Technology, College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (S.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (C.-T.H.)
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Moreira V, Stanquevis R, Amaral EP, Lajolo FM, Hassimotto NMA. Anthocyanins from purple maize (Zea mays L.) downregulate lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis in mice by modulating the MyD88 signaling pathway. PHARMANUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2021.100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Thammarat P, Sirilun S, Phongpradist R, Raiwa A, Pandith H, Jiaranaikulwanitch J. Validated HPTLC and antioxidant activities for quality control of catechin in a fermented tea ( Camellia sinensis var. assamica). Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3228-3239. [PMID: 34136187 PMCID: PMC8194912 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Miang, a Thai traditional fermented tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica), is exploited as nutraceutical and cosmeceutical ingredients despite limited standardization studies. Thus, this research aimed to develop a simple and rapid method for miang quality control using catechin and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) validated according to the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) and the Association of Official Analytical Collaboration (AOAC). The developing solvent consisting of toluene: ethyl acetate: acetone: formic acid (6:6:6:1 v/v/v/v) showed acceptable specificity with R f value of 0.54 ± 0.02 and linearity with correlation coefficient of 0.9951. The recovery was 98.84%-103.53%, and the RSD of intra- and inter-day precision was 0.70%-3.00% and 1.93%-4.94%, respectively. Miang ethyl acetate fraction is suggested to be attractive ingredient due to rich catechin (25.78 ± 0.53%), prolonged stability at 40 ◦C, and strong antioxidants determined by the assays of ABTS (IC50 = 3.32 ± 0.74 mg/ml), FRAP (89.05 ± 15.49 mg equivalent of FeSO4/g), and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 4.36 ± 0.67 mg/ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- Phanit Thammarat
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of PharmacyChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of PharmacyChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and CosmeceuticalsFaculty of PharmacyChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Rungsinee Phongpradist
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of PharmacyChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Araya Raiwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of PharmacyChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Hataichanok Pandith
- Department of BiologyFaculty of SciencesChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
- Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and MedicineFaculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Jutamas Jiaranaikulwanitch
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of PharmacyChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and CosmeceuticalsFaculty of PharmacyChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
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Shil A, Davies C, Gautam L, Roberts J, Chichger H. Investigating the Opposing Effect of Two Different Green Tea Supplements on Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Function and Cell Viability in HepG2 Cells. J Diet Suppl 2021; 19:459-482. [PMID: 33729080 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1894304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Green tea extract (GTE) improves exercise outcomes and reduces obesity. However, case studies indicate contradictory physiology regarding liver function and toxicity. We studied the effect of two different decaffeinated GTE (dGTE) products, from a non-commercial (dGTE1) and commercial (dGTE2) supplier, on hepatocyte function using the human cell model, HepG2. dGTE1 was protective against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis and cell death by attenuating oxidative stress pathways. Conversely, dGTE2 increased cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis. A bioavailability study with dGTE showed the major catechin in GTE, EGCG, reached 0.263 µg·ml-1. In vitro, at this concentration, EGCG mimicked the protective effect of dGTE1. GC/MS analysis identified steric acid and higher levels of palmitic acid in dGTE2 versus dGTE1 supplements. We demonstrate the significant biological differences between two GTE supplements which may have potential implications for manufacturers and consumers to be aware of the biological effects of supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Shil
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chris Davies
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lata Gautam
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Justin Roberts
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Havovi Chichger
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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Situ YL, Chen J, Fang WX, Li SJ, Xiao SX, Li HJ. Protective effect of ginsenoside Rd on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_38_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Faheem NM, Ali TM. The counteracting effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on the immobilization stress-induced adverse reactions in rat pancreas. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:159-172. [PMID: 33000400 PMCID: PMC7736449 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies suggest that Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) has many protective effects. But little is known about its protective effects against chronic restraint stress-induced damage in rats. The aim was to demonstrate the potential protective effects of EGCG against harmful pancreatic damage to the immobilization stress in the rat model. Forty rats, 2 months old, were divided into four groups (n = 10): control group; EGCG group, rats received EGCG by gavage (100 mg/kg /day) for 30 days; stressed group, rats exposed to immobilization stress; and stressed with EGCG group, rats exposed to immobilization stress and received EGCG for 30 days. Glycemic status parameters, corticosterone, and inflammatory markers were investigated on the first day, 15th day, and the 30th day of the experiment. Pancreatic oxidative stress markers and cytokines were evaluated. Histological, immunohistological, and statistical studies were performed. On the 15th day, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and fasting plasma corticosterone were significantly higher in the stressed group when compared with first and 30th day in the same group as well as when compared with control and stressed with EGCG groups. The stressed group revealed significantly higher pancreatic IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, and NO, serum amylase and serum lipase, and significantly lower GSH, SOD, and CAT when compared to control and stressed with EGCG groups. EGCG treatment attenuated the pancreatic stress-induced cellular degeneration, leucocytic infiltration, and cytoplasmic vacuolations; significantly decreased area percentage of collagen fibers; and significantly increased mean area percentage of insulin immunopositive cell as compared with stressed group. EGCG is a protective agent against immobilization stress because of its anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and and anti-oxidative stress properties, as confirmed by biochemical and histological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen Mohammed Faheem
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tarek Mohamed Ali
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Situ YL, Chen J, Fang WX, Li SJ, Xiao SX, Li HJ. Protective effect of ginsenoside rd on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_12_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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35
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Goel N, Gajbhiye RL, Saha M, Nagendra C, Reddy AM, Ravichandiran V, Das Saha K, Jaisankar P. A comparative assessment of in vitro cytotoxic activity and phytochemical profiling of Andrographis nallamalayana J.L.Ellis and Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS approach. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35918-35936. [PMID: 35492784 PMCID: PMC9043227 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07496b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees and Andrographis nallamalayana J.L.Ellis have traditionally been used to treat various ailments such as mouth ulcers, intermittent fever, inflammation, snake bite. This study compares the comparative in vitro cytotoxic activity, and phytochemical profiling of methanol extract of A. nallamalayana (ANM) and A. paniculata (APM). UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis has been performed. The cytotoxic activity of crude methanol extracts were evaluated against three different cancer cell lines (HCT 116, HepG2, and A549 cell line). Both plants' extract exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against tested cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. IC50 of ANM and APM in HCT 116 cell was 11.71 ± 2.48 μg ml−1 and 45.32 ± 0.86 μg ml−1 and in HepG2 cell line was 15.65 ± 2.25 μg ml−1 and 60.32 ± 1.05 μg ml−1 respectively. Cytotoxicity of these two extracts was comparatively similar in A549 cells. ANM induced cytotoxicity involved programmed cell death, externalisation of phosphatidylserine, ROS generation, up-regulation and down-regulation of major apoptotic markers. HRMS analysis of ANM and APM resulted in the identification of 59 and 42 compounds, respectively. Further, using the MS/MS fragmentation approach, 20 compounds, of which 18 compounds were identified for the first time from ANM, which belongs to phenolic acids, flavonoids, and their glycosides. Three known compounds, echioidinin, skullcapflavone I and 5,2′,6′-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone 2′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, were isolated from A. nallamalayana and their crystal structures were reported for the first time. Subsequently, seven major compounds were identified in A. nallamalayana by direct comparison (retention time and UV-spectra) with authentic commercial standards and isolated compounds using HPLC-UV analysis. The cytotoxicity of phytochemicals from both the plants using in silico tools also justify their in vitro cytotoxic activity. It is the first report on the comparative characterisation of phytochemicals present in the methanolic extract of both the species of Andrographis, along with the cytotoxic activity of A. nallamalayana. A comparative study of two Andrographis species have been done, and it was found that Andrographis nallamalayana J.L.Ellis is phytochemically and biologically different from Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Narender Goel
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Kolkata), Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, 700054, Kolkata, India
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Chemical Biology, Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Rahul L. Gajbhiye
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Kolkata), Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, 700054, Kolkata, India
| | - Moumita Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Chennuru Nagendra
- Department of Botany, Yogi Vemana University, Vemanapuram, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516005, India
| | | | - V. Ravichandiran
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Kolkata), Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, 700054, Kolkata, India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Parasuraman Jaisankar
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Chemical Biology, Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India
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36
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Almuhayawi MS. Propolis as a novel antibacterial agent. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3079-3086. [PMID: 33100868 PMCID: PMC7569119 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis (bee glue) is a bee glue, sticky resinous material released from various plant sources such as bud exudates, flowers, and leaves modified by bee secretions and wax propolis is composed of resins, waxes, polyphenols, polysaccharides, volatile materials, and secondary metabolites that are responsible for various bioactivity such as antibacterial, anti-angiogenic, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-viral activities. The physico-chemical characteristics and the natural properties of various kinds of propolis have been studied for the past decade. Novel active anti-microbial compounds have been identified in propolis. Those compounds positively modulated the antimicrobial resistance of multidrug resistant bacteria. Published research has indicated that propolis and its derivatives has many natural antimicrobial compounds with a broad spectrum against different types of bacteria and that it enhanced the efficacy of conventional antibiotics. Besides, the combination of propolis with other compounds such as honey has been studied whereby, such combinations have a synergistic effect against bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The activity of propolis is very much dependent on seasonal and regional factors, and Middle Eastern propolis have shown best antibacterial efficacy. Propolis and its main flavonoids ingredients should not be overlooked and should be evaluated in clinical trials to better elucidate their potential application in various fields of medicine. Clinical antibacterial potential and its use in new drugs of biotechnological products should be conducted. This review aims at highlighting some of the recent scientific findings associated with the antibacterial properties of propolis and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Saad Almuhayawi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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37
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Tang Y, Cao J, Cai Z, An H, Li Y, Peng Y, Chen N, Luo A, Tao H, Li K. Epigallocatechin gallate induces chemopreventive effects on rats with diethylnitrosamine‑induced liver cancer via inhibition of cell division cycle 25A. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3873-3885. [PMID: 33000276 PMCID: PMC7533491 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most active monomer in green tea (GT), has demonstrated potential therapeutic and preventive effects on various tumors, including liver cancer. However, the anticancer mechanisms of EGCG in liver cancer remain to be elucidated. The abnormal expression of cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A) has been identified in liver cancer and is closely associated with malignancy and poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study used human hepatoma cell lines and rats with diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC as models to investigate the association between the effect of EGCG on liver cancer and regulation of the p21waf1/Cip1/CDC25A axis. The results demonstrated that EGCG can inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 and Huh7 cells, reduce the expression of CDC25A and increase the expression of p21waf1/Cip1 in HepG2. In vivo, HCC was induced by DEN in Sprague-Dawley rats. EGCG significantly reduced tumor volume and improved the survival rates of rats with HCC. The expression levels of CDC25A mRNA and protein in liver tissues and the level of serum γ glutamyl transpeptidase in rats treated with EGCG were significantly decreased, while p21waf1/Cip1 mRNA and protein expression levels were increased compared with the HCC group, in the process of DEN-induced HCC. No significant difference in the chemopreventive effects on liver cancer was observed between GT extract and EGCG under an EGCG equivalence condition. Thus, EGCG can suppress human hepatoma cell proliferation and prolong the survival of rats with HCC, and the potential mechanism may be involved in EGCG-induced upregulation of p21waf1/Cip1 and downregulation of CDC25A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Tang
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ji Cao
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhengmin Cai
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Huihua An
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yuqun Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ni Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Anqiang Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hao Tao
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Kezhi Li
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Le Z, Liu Z, Sun L, Liu L, Chen Y. Augmenting Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols by Hydrogen-Bonding Complexation for the Treatment of Acute Lung Inflammation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:5202-5212. [PMID: 35021695 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated inflammation is considered as an essential pathological process in inflammation-associated diseases, which would be aggravated by high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation inducing oxidative stress. Currently, extensive attention has been paid to polyphenolic compounds owing to their broad spectrum biological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, while their therapeutic potential has been compromised by the poor stability, short plasma half-life, and low bioavailability. Given that polyphenols have a wide range of structural characteristics and various physicochemical properties, there remains a real challenge toward green, mass production of universal nanocarriers for effective entrapment of these active pharmaceutical ingredients. In this study, we adopted a flash nanocomplexation (FNC) platform to prepare nanocomplexes comprising polyphenols and d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) enabled by hydrogen bonding. We confirmed that the molecular structure of polyphenols has a great influence on their complexation with TPGS, and stable nanocomplexes were formed when the number of phenolic hydroxyl groups of polyphenols was above the value of 8. These hydrogen-bonded nanocomplexes produced by an FNC apparatus exhibited well-controlled quality with uniform size, good colloidal stability, and high batch-to-batch repeatability, thus improving the druggability as potent nanotherapeutics for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory applications. In vivo experiments indicated that the optimal nanocomplex (EGCG-NC) can be applied to ameliorate acute lung injury in a mice model after nasal administration. These results proved that polyphenols formulated with TPGS for nanocomplex formation through hydrogen-bonding complexation could augment their therapeutic potential for modulating hyperactive inflammation in the treatment of acute lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Le
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhijia Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lilong Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Min JE, Huh DA, Moon KW. The Joint Effects of Some Beverages Intake and Smoking on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Korean Adults: Data Analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2008-2015. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072611. [PMID: 32290216 PMCID: PMC7178176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Some beverages and smoking cause an inflammatory response in the lungs and airways in a similar way, ultimately affecting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) occurrence. Using a nationally representative health survey database, this study investigates the individual and joint effects of consumption of different beverages and smoking on COPD. This study is a cross-sectional analysis of 15,961 Korean adults in the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey of 2008–2015. COPD was defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) divided by forced vital capacity (FVC) <0.70. We used multiple linear and logistic regression models to examine the association of beverage consumption and smoking with an FEV1/FVC ratio and odds ratio (OR) for COPD. The mean FEV1/FVC ratio decreased with increasing soda intake (p = 0.016), coffee intake (p = 0.031), and smoking status; however, the mean FEV1/FVC ratio increased with increasing green tea intake frequency (p = 0.029). When soda intake increased to 10 times/month, the OR of having COPD increased to 1.04 times (95% CI: 1.01, 1.07). The positive joint effect of soda intake and smoking on COPD was marginally significant (p = 0.058). We found that soda intake, coffee intake, and smoking increased airflow limitation while green tea intake decreased it. In addition, soda intake and smoking had a positive joint effect on COPD in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Min
- School of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Da-An Huh
- Department of Health Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Kyong Whan Moon
- Department of Health Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-940-2768
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Lee H. Orostachys japonicus extract inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory factors by suppression of transcription factors. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1812-1817. [PMID: 32328246 PMCID: PMC7174233 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Orostachys japonicus (O. japonicus) was extracted with ethanol (EtOH) and sequentially separated with organic solvents, including n-hexane (Hex), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (BuOH), and water (H2O). All the fractions were confirmed for anti-inflammatory activity in an inflammatory condition. The DCM fraction showed the highest anti-inflammatory ability. Here, we examined the effect of DCM fraction and investigated the intracellular signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The DCM fraction significantly inhibited the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines including iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IP-10 in LPS-stimulated cells. Also, the treatment of DCM fraction excellently reduced the expression of the proteins of AP-1 (phospho-c-Jun and phospho-c-Fos) and phospho-IRF3 as transcription factors. As a result, it suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory mediator and cytokines via inhibition of transcription factors. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that DCM fraction has a strong anti-inflammatory activity that improves the inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong‐Seon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory ScienceJungwon UniversityGoesanSouth Korea
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41
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Deveci Ozkan A, Kaleli S, Onen HI, Sarihan M, Guney Eskiler G, Kalayci Yigin A, Akdogan M. Anti-inflammatory effects of nobiletin on TLR4/TRIF/IRF3 and TLR9/IRF7 signaling pathways in prostate cancer cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:93-100. [PMID: 32048561 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1725040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are often expressed in natural immune cells as well as in tumor cells. TLR4 exhibits both tumor promoting and tumor-suppressing roles and higher TLR9 expression is an important marker of poor prognosis in prostate cancer (PCa). Nobiletin (NOB) is an O-methylated flavonoid and NOB has been proven to have anti-cancer effect in PCa cells. However, there is no study in the literature investigating the potential anti-inflammatory effects of NOB on the TLR signaling pathways in cancer. Therefore, we aimed to explore the potential anti-inflammatory effects of NOB on the TLR4/TRIF/IRF3 and TLR9/IRF7 signaling pathways in different types of PCa cell lines, for the first time.Material and methods: In the current study, the cytotoxic effect of NOB PC-3 (hormone-independent and metastatic) and LNCaP cells (hormone-dependent) was evaluated by WST-1 assay. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of NOB on TLR4/TRIF/IRF3 and TLR9/IRF7signaling pathway were determined by RT-PCR, western blotting and ELISA analysis.Results: NOB demonstrated an inhibitory effect on PCa cell growth and LNCaP cells were more sensitive to NOB than PC-3 cells due to androjen receptor status. Furthermore, NOB alone could suppress TLR4/TRIF/IRF3 and TLR9/IRF7 signaling pathways through the downregulation of their associated pathways (mRNA and related protein levels) and the release of IFN-α and IFN-β compared to LPS or CpG-ODN stimulated PCa cells.Conclusions: NOB potentially inhibited TLR4 and TL9-dependent signaling pathway in PCa cells. However, the efficacy of NOB was different in PCa cells due to the hormone status and aggressive features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuman Deveci Ozkan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Kaleli
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Hacer Ilke Onen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sarihan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gamze Guney Eskiler
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Aysel Kalayci Yigin
- Department of Medical Genetic, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akdogan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
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42
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Flavonoids as Anticancer Agents. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020457. [PMID: 32059369 PMCID: PMC7071196 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds subdivided into 6 groups: isoflavonoids, flavanones, flavanols, flavonols, flavones and anthocyanidins found in a variety of plants. Fruits, vegetables, plant-derived beverages such as green tea, wine and cocoa-based products are the main dietary sources of flavonoids. Flavonoids have been shown to possess a wide variety of anticancer effects: they modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzyme activities, participate in arresting the cell cycle, induce apoptosis, autophagy, and suppress cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. Flavonoids have dual action regarding ROS homeostasis—they act as antioxidants under normal conditions and are potent pro-oxidants in cancer cells triggering the apoptotic pathways and downregulating pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. This article reviews the biochemical properties and bioavailability of flavonoids, their anticancer activity and its mechanisms of action.
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43
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Roudsari NM, Lashgari NA, Momtaz S, Farzaei MH, Marques AM, Abdolghaffari AH. Natural polyphenols for the prevention of irritable bowel syndrome: molecular mechanisms and targets; a comprehensive review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 27:755-780. [PMID: 31273572 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a well diagnosed disease, thoroughly attributed to series of symptoms criteria that embrace a broad range of abdominal complainers. Such criteria help to diagnosis the disease and can guide controlled clinical trials to seek new therapeutic agents. Accordingly, a verity of mechanisms and pathophysiological conditions including inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and different life styles are involved in IBS. Predictably, diverse therapeutic approaches are available and prescribed by clinicians due to major manifestations (i.e., diarrhea-predominance, constipation-predominance, abdominal pain and visceral hypersensitivity), psychological disturbances, and patient preferences between herbal treatments versus pharmacological therapies, dietary or microbiological approaches. Herein, we gathered the latest scientific data between 1973 and 2019 from databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Cochrane library on relevant studies concerning beneficial effects of herbal treatments for IBS, in particular polyphenols. This is concluded that polyphenols might be applicable for preventing IBS and improving the IBS symptoms, mainly through suppressing the inflammatory signaling pathways, which nowadays are known as novel platform for the IBS management. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Momeni Roudsari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser-Aldin Lashgari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. .,Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - André M Marques
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Institute of Technology in Pharmaceuticals (Farmanguinhos), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. .,Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran. .,Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Xue Y, Sun C, Hao Q, Cheng J. Astaxanthin ameliorates cardiomyocyte apoptosis after coronary microembolization by inhibiting oxidative stress via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 392:341-348. [PMID: 30506291 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronary microembolization (CME) caused by physical obstruction in coronary microcirculation induces myocardial apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction, and it was reported that the inactivation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling was involved in this process. Astaxanthin (AST) is a reddish pigment that belongs to keto-carotenoids. It is also a potent antioxidant and has been reported to activate Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in vein endothelial cells. However, it is still unknown whether AST is able to activate Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway to protect cardiac functions from CME in vivo. To address this question, rats were orally administrated with AST or AST plus Zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP, a HO-1 inhibitor), followed by CME modeling operation. Then, cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiographic measurement. Myocardial infarction was measured by HBFP staining, and apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining. The protein levels and mRNA expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 were measured by Western blot and qRT-PCR, respectively. ELISA was performed to measure the activity of enzymes related to oxidative stress. AST pretreatment dramatically attenuated CME-induced cardiac dysfunction, myocardial infarction, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Mechanistically, AST suppressed CME-induced oxidative stress by re-activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP completely eliminated the benefits of AST in CEM, supporting the critical role of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in mediating the cardioprotective function of AST in CME. Conclusion: AST suppresses oxidative stress via activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and thus prevents CME-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ameliorates cardiac dysfunction in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Chuang Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Qimeng Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710000, China.
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Schink A, Neumann J, Leifke AL, Ziegler K, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Cremer C, Thines E, Weber B, Pöschl U, Schuppan D, Lucas K. Screening of herbal extracts for TLR2- and TLR4-dependent anti-inflammatory effects. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203907. [PMID: 30307962 PMCID: PMC6181297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal extracts represent an ample source of natural compounds, with potential to be used in improving human health. There is a growing interest in using natural extracts as possible new treatment strategies for inflammatory diseases. We therefore aimed at identifying herbal extracts that affect inflammatory signaling pathways through toll-like receptors (TLRs), TLR2 and TLR4. Ninety-nine ethanolic extracts were screened in THP-1 monocytes and HeLa-TLR4 transfected reporter cells for their effects on stimulated TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways. The 28 identified anti-inflammatory extracts were tested in comparative assays of stimulated HEK-TLR2 and HEK-TLR4 transfected reporter cells to differentiate between direct TLR4 antagonistic effects and interference with downstream signaling cascades. Furthermore, the ten most effective anti-inflammatory extracts were tested on their ability to inhibit nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) translocation in HeLa-TLR4 transfected reporter cell lines and for their ability to repolarize M1-type macrophages. Ethanolic extracts which showed the highest anti-inflammatory potential, up to a complete inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production were Castanea sativa leaves, Cinchona pubescens bark, Cinnamomum verum bark, Salix alba bark, Rheum palmatum root, Alchemilla vulgaris plant, Humulus lupulus cones, Vaccinium myrtillus berries, Curcuma longa root and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi leaves. Moreover, all tested extracts mitigated not only TLR4, but also TLR2 signaling pathways. Seven of them additionally inhibited translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus. Two of the extracts showed impact on repolarization of pro-inflammatory M1-type to anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophages. Several promising anti-inflammatory herbal extracts were identified in this study, including extracts with previously unknown influence on key TLR signaling pathways and macrophage repolarization, serving as a basis for novel lead compound identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schink
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Neumann
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Leifke
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kira Ziegler
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Cremer
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eckhard Thines
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH, Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bettina Weber
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail:
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ATP/P2X7 receptor signaling as a potential anti-inflammatory target of natural polyphenols. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204229. [PMID: 30248132 PMCID: PMC6152980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells, such as macrophages, respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as a lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to secrete various inflammatory mediators. Recent studies have suggested that damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), released extracellularly from damaged or immune cells, also play a role in the activation of inflammatory responses. In this study, to prevent excess inflammation, we focused on DAMPs-mediated signaling that promotes LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses, especially adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP)-triggered signaling through the ionotropic purinergic receptor 7 (P2X7R), as a potential new anti-inflammatory target of natural polyphenols. We focused on the phenomenon that ATP accelerates the production of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide, in LPS-stimulated J774.1 mouse macrophages. Using an siRNA-mediated knockdown and specific antagonist, it was found that the ATP-induced enhanced inflammatory responses were mediated through P2X7R. We then screened 42 polyphenols for inhibiting the ATP/P2X7R-induced calcium influx, and found that several polyphenols exhibited significant inhibitory effects. Especially, a flavonoid baicalein significantly inhibited ATP-induced inflammation, including interleukin-1β secretion, through inhibition of the ATP/P2X7R signaling. These findings suggest that ATP/P2X7R signaling plays an important role in excess inflammatory responses and could be a potential anti-inflammatory target of natural polyphenolic compounds.
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Chen CY, Kao CL, Liu CM. The Cancer Prevention, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidation of Bioactive Phytochemicals Targeting the TLR4 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092729. [PMID: 30213077 PMCID: PMC6164406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a well-known family of pattern recognition receptors that play an important role in a host immune system. TLR triggering leads to the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, driving the activation of both innate and adaptive immunity. Recently, an increasing number studies have shown the link between TLRs and cancer. Among them, the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway is associated with inflammatory response and cancer progression. Dietary phytochemicals are potential modulators of immunological status with various pharmacological properties including anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory. Curcumin, 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 1-dehydro-10-gingerdione, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), luteolin, quercetin, resveratrol, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, xanthohumol, genistein, berberine, and sulforaphane can inhibit TLR4 activation. The aim of the present review is to describe the role of the TLR4 signaling pathway between inflammatory response and cancer progression. We further introduce bioactive phytochemicals with potential anti-inflammation and chemoprevention by inhibiting TLR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yi Chen
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Ta-Liao District, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan.
| | - Chiu-Li Kao
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung County 92641, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Ming Liu
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, Yuanzhou District, Yichun 336000, China.
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Fernández-Rojas B, Gutiérrez-Venegas G. Flavonoids exert multiple periodontic benefits including anti-inflammatory, periodontal ligament-supporting, and alveolar bone-preserving effects. Life Sci 2018; 209:435-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Maternal consumption of green tea extract during pregnancy and lactation alters offspring's metabolism in rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199969. [PMID: 30020947 PMCID: PMC6051583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Green tea extract has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects which improve dyslipidemia and decrease adipose tissue depots associated with hyperlipidic diet consumption. Objective To evaluate the effect of green tea extract consumption by rats during pregnancy and lactation on the metabolism of their offspring that received control or high-fat diet with water during 10 weeks after weaning. Methods Wistar rats received water (W) or green tea extract diluted in water (G) (400 mg/kg body weight/day), and control diet (10 animals in W and G groups) during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, offspring received water and a control (CW) or a high-fat diet (HW), for 10 weeks. One week before the end of treatment, oral glucose tolerance test was performed. The animals were euthanized and the samples were collected for biochemical, hormonal and antioxidant enzymes activity analyses. In addition, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were quantified by ELISA while p-NF-κBp50 was analyzed by Western Blotting. Repeated Measures ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test were used to find differences between data (p < 0.05). Results The consumption of high-fat diet by rats for 10 weeks after weaning promoted hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, and increased fat depots. The ingestion of a high-fat diet by the offspring of mothers who consumed green tea extract during pregnancy and lactation decreased the inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue, while the ingestion of a control diet increased the same cytokines. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that prenatal consumption of green tea associated with consumption of high-fat diet by offspring after weaning prevented inflammation. However, maternal consumption of the green tea extract induced a proinflammatory status in the adipose tissue of the adult offspring that received the control diet after weaning.
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Bernatoniene J, Kopustinskiene DM. The Role of Catechins in Cellular Responses to Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040965. [PMID: 29677167 PMCID: PMC6017297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Catechins are polyphenolic compounds—flavanols of the flavonoid family found in a variety of plants. Green tea, wine and cocoa-based products are the main dietary sources of these flavanols. Catechins have potent antioxidant properties, although in some cases they may act in the cell as pro-oxidants. Catechins are reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers and metal ion chelators, whereas their indirect antioxidant activities comprise induction of antioxidant enzymes, inhibition of pro-oxidant enzymes, and production of the phase II detoxification enzymes and antioxidant enzymes. Oxidative stress and ROS are implicated in aging and related dysfunctions, such as neurodegenerative disease, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Due to their antioxidant properties, catechins may be beneficial in preventing and protecting against diseases caused by oxidative stress. This article reviews the biochemical properties of catechins, their antioxidant activity, and the mechanisms of action involved in the prevention of oxidative stress-caused diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurga Bernatoniene
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Dalia Marija Kopustinskiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania.
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