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Zhao L, Hu H, Zhang L, Liu Z, Huang Y, Liu Q, Jin L, Zhu M, Zhang L. Inflammation in diabetes complications: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e516. [PMID: 38617433 PMCID: PMC11014467 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, diabetes mellitus (DM) has been one of the most endangering healthy diseases. Current therapies contain controlling high blood sugar, reducing risk factors like obesity, hypertension, and so on; however, DM patients inevitably and eventually progress into different types of diabetes complications, resulting in poor quality of life. Unfortunately, the clear etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes complications have not been elucidated owing to intricate whole-body systems. The immune system was responsible to regulate homeostasis by triggering or resolving inflammatory response, indicating it may be necessary to diabetes complications. In fact, previous studies have been shown inflammation plays multifunctional roles in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications and is attracting attention to be the meaningful therapeutic strategy. To this end, this review systematically concluded the current studies over the relationships of susceptible diabetes complications (e.g., diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and diabetic nephropathy) and inflammation, ranging from immune cell response, cytokines interaction to pathomechanism of organ injury. Besides, we also summarized various therapeutic strategies to improve diabetes complications by target inflammation from special remedies to conventional lifestyle changes. This review will offer a panoramic insight into the mechanisms of diabetes complications from an inflammatory perspective and also discuss contemporary clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Haoran Hu
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zheting Liu
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yunchao Huang
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Qian Liu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Traditional Chinese Medicines Education (Zhejiang Chinese Medical University)College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Liang Jin
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Meifei Zhu
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
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2
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Lv T, Zhao Y, Jiang X, Yuan H, Wang H, Cui X, Xu J, Zhao J, Wang J. uPAR: An Essential Factor for Tumor Development. J Cancer 2021; 12:7026-7040. [PMID: 34729105 PMCID: PMC8558663 DOI: 10.7150/jca.62281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is closely related to the loss of control of many genes. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), a glycolipid-anchored protein on the cell surface, is controlled by many factors in tumorigenesis and is expressed in many tumor tissues. In this review, we summarize the regulatory effects of the uPAR signaling pathway on processes and factors related to tumor progression, such as tumor cell proliferation, adhesion, metastasis, glycolysis, tumor microenvironment and angiogenesis. Overall, the evidence accumulated to date suggests that uPAR induction by tumor progression may be one of the most important factors affecting therapeutic efficacy. An improved understanding of the interactions between uPAR and its coreceptors in cancer will provide critical biomolecular information that may help to better predict the disease course and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lv
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655011.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province Universities of the Diversity and Ecological Adaptive Evolution for Animals and Plants on YunGui Plateau, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China 655011
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655011
| | - Xinni Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 610500
| | - Hemei Yuan
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655011
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655011.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province Universities of the Diversity and Ecological Adaptive Evolution for Animals and Plants on YunGui Plateau, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China 655011
| | - Xuelin Cui
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655011
| | - Jiashun Xu
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655011
| | - Jingye Zhao
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655011
| | - Jianlin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655011
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3
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Yan L, Qu X, Yu J, Robinson RS, Woad KJ, Shi Z. Transforming growth factor-β1 disrupts angiogenesis during the follicular-luteal transition through the Smad-serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1)/serpin family B member 5 (SERPINB5) signalling pathway in the cow. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:643-654. [PMID: 38600656 DOI: 10.1071/rd20325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Intense angiogenesis is critical for the development of the corpus luteum and is tightly regulated by numerous factors. However, the exact role transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1) plays during this follicular-luteal transition remains unclear. This study hypothesised that TGFB1, acting through TGFB receptor 1 (TGFBR1) and Smad2/3 signalling, would suppress angiogenesis during the follicular-luteal transition. Using a serum-free luteinising follicular angiogenesis culture system, TGFB1 (1 and 10ngmL-1 ) markedly disrupted the formation of capillary-like structures, reducing the endothelial cell network area and the number of branch points (P <0.001 compared with control). Furthermore, TGFB1 activated canonical Smad signalling and inhibited endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3 ) mRNA expression, but upregulated latent TGFB-binding protein and TGFBR1 , serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1 ) and serpin family B member 5 (SERPINB5 ) mRNA expression. SB431542, a TGFBR1 inhibitor, reversed the TGFB1-induced upregulation of SERPINE1 and SERPINB5 . In addition, TGFB1 reduced progesterone synthesis by decreasing the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR ), cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1 (CYP11A1 ) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B1 ) expression. These results show that TGFB1 regulates NOS3 , SERPINE1 and SERPINB5 expression via TGFBR1 and Smad2/3 signalling and this could be the mechanism by which TGFB1 suppresses endothelial networks. Thereby, TGFB1 may provide critical homeostatic control of angiogenesis during the follicular-luteal transition. The findings of this study reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of TGFB1 in early luteinisation, which may lead to novel therapeutic strategies to reverse luteal inadequacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyan Yan
- Laboratory of Animal Improvement and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaolu Qu
- Laboratory of Animal Improvement and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jianning Yu
- Laboratory of Animal Improvement and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Robert S Robinson
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Kathryn J Woad
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Zhendan Shi
- Laboratory of Animal Improvement and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; and Corresponding author
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4
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Belair DG, Lee JS, Kellner AV, Huard J, Murphy WL. Receptor mimicking TGF-β1 binding peptide for targeting TGF-β1 signaling. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:645-652. [PMID: 33289741 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01374a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged and elevated transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling can lead to undesired scar formation during tissue repair and fibrosis that is often a result of chronic inflammation in the lung, kidney, liver, heart, skin, and joints. We report new TGF-β1 binding peptides that interfere with TGF-β1 binding to its cognate receptors and thus attenuate its biological activity. We identified TGF-β1 binding peptides from the TGF-β1 binding domains of TGF-β receptors and engineered their sequences to facilitate chemical conjugation to biomaterials using molecular docking simulations. The in vitro binding studies and cell-based assays showed that RIPΔ, which was derived from TGF-β type I receptor, bound TGF-β1 in a sequence-specific manner and reduced the biological activity of TGF-β1 when the peptide was presented either in soluble form or conjugated to a commonly used synthetic biomaterial. This approach may have implications for clinical applications such as treatment of various fibrotic diseases and soft tissue repair and offer a design strategy for peptide antibodies based on the biomimicry of ligand-receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Belair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anna V Kellner
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. and Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA and Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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5
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Cirera A, Sevilla P, Manzanares MC, Franch J, Galindo-Moreno P, Gil J. Osseointegration around dental implants biofunctionalized with TGFβ-1 inhibitor peptides: an in vivo study in beagle dogs. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:62. [PMID: 32696084 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biofunctionalization with two TGF-β1 inhibitor peptides, P17 and P144, on osseointegration of CP-Ti dental implants. A total of 36 implants (VEGA, Klockner®) with 3.5 × 8 mm internal connection were used in this study, divided in three groups: (1) control group (n = 12), (2) implants which surfaces were biofunctionalized with P17 peptide inhibitor (n = 12), (3) implants with surfaces biofunctionalized by P144 peptide (n = 12). Three implants, one from each group, were inserted in both hemimandibles of 6 beagle dogs, 2 months after tooth extraction. Two animals were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 8 weeks post implant insertion, respectively. The samples were analyzed by Backscattering Scanning Electron Microscopy (BS-SEM) and histological analysis. Histomorphometric analysis of bone to implant contact (BIC), peri-implant bone fraction (BF) and interthread bone (IB) were carried out. Bone formation around implants measured by quantitative analysis, BS-SEM, was significantly higher in the P17-biofunctionalized implants, 4 and 8 weeks after the implantation. Histomorphometric analysis of BIC, BF and IB showed higher values in the P17-biofunctionalized group at initial stages of healing (2 weeks) and early osseointegration both at 4 and 8 weeks. For P144 biofunctionalized implants, the histomorphometric values obtained are also higher than control group. Accordingly, better results in the experimental groups were proven both by the quantitative and the qualitative analysis. Surface biofunctionalization with TGF-β1 inhibitor peptides, P17 and P144, resulted in better quantitative and qualitative parameters relative to implant osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cirera
- Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Campus Universitario La Cartuja s/n, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Sevilla
- Escola Universitària Salesiana de Sarrià - EUSS Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Cristina Manzanares
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, DPyTEx, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Franch
- Surgery Department, Veterinary School, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Galindo-Moreno
- Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Gil
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Porcelli L, Garofoli M, Di Fonte R, Fucci L, Volpicella M, Strippoli S, Guida M, Azzariti A. The β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol offsets resistance mechanisms to chemotherapeutics in diverse sarcoma subtypes: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10465. [PMID: 32591592 PMCID: PMC7320177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard chemotherapy for soft tissue sarcomas has shown limited efficacy. Here, we sought to evaluate whether β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signalling contributed to the progression of sarcomas and therapy resistance. To assess the translational potential of β-adrenergic receptors, we performed immunohistochemical detection of β1-AR, β2-AR and β3-AR in leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma and angiosarcoma tissue specimens, reporting the results scored for the intensity. By using established and patient-derived sarcoma cells, we demonstrated the antitumour potential of the pharmacological targeting of β-ARs with the nonselective β-blocker propranolol in such sarcomas. Of note, pharmacological β-AR inhibition synergized with doxorubicin in inhibiting the cell viability of liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma cells and increased the response to docetaxel in angiosarcoma- and solitary fibrous tumour (SFT)-patient-derived cells. Notably, the SFT patient was treated with the combination of propranolol and docetaxel, reporting prolonged disease control. Mechanistically, we found that propranolol reduced the activity of the multidrug resistance efflux pump P-gp, thereby increasing the intracellular doxorubicin concentration and antitumour activity. In addition, propranolol attenuated the Akt-dependent survival signal induced by doxorubicin and strongly reduced the activation of the NF-kB/COX-2 pathway, increasing cell sensitivity to docetaxel. Overall, our study highlighted the therapeutic potential of propranolol, alone or in rational combination therapies, for sarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Porcelli
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Marianna Garofoli
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Fonte
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Livia Fucci
- Histopathological Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Volpicella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Sabino Strippoli
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Guida
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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7
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Recent Advances of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics for Bone Tissue Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1250:177-188. [PMID: 32601945 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3262-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics consist of an intimate mixture of hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) in varying ratios. Due to their biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and safety in in vitro, in vivo, and clinical models, they have become promising bone substitute biomaterials and are recommended for use as alternatives for or as additives in bone tissue regeneration in various orthopedic and dental applications. Many studies have demonstrated the potential uses of BCP bioceramics as scaffolds for tissue engineering. Here, we highlight the recent advances in the uses of BCP bioceramics and functionalized BCPs for bone tissue regeneration.
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8
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Rajabi M, Adeyeye M, Mousa SA. Peptide-Conjugated Nanoparticles as Targeted Anti-angiogenesis Therapeutic and Diagnostic in Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5664-5683. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190620100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
:Targeting angiogenesis in the microenvironment of a tumor can enable suppression of tumor angiogenesis and delivery of anticancer drugs into the tumor. Anti-angiogenesis targeted delivery systems utilizing passive targeting such as Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) and specific receptor-mediated targeting (active targeting) should result in tumor-specific targeting. One targeted anti-angiogenesis approach uses peptides conjugated to nanoparticles, which can be loaded with anticancer agents. Anti-angiogenesis agents can suppress tumor angiogenesis and thereby affect tumor growth progression (tumor growth arrest), which may be further reduced with the targetdelivered anticancer agent. This review provides an update of tumor vascular targeting for therapeutic and diagnostic applications, with conventional or long-circulating nanoparticles decorated with peptides that target neovascularization (anti-angiogenesis) in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rajabi
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - Mary Adeyeye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, United States
| | - Shaker A. Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
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9
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Biofunctionalization with a TGFβ-1 Inhibitor Peptide in the Osseointegration of Synthetic Bone Grafts: An In Vivo Study in Beagle Dogs. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12193168. [PMID: 31569702 PMCID: PMC6803977 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the osseointegration of two presentations of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) biomaterial—one untreated and another submitted to biofunctionalization with a TGF-β1 inhibitor peptide, P144, on dental alveolus. Materials and Methods: A synthetic bone graft was used, namely, (i) Maxresorb® (Botiss Klockner) (n = 12), and (ii) Maxresorb® (Botiss Klockner) biofunctionalized with P144 peptide (n = 12). Both bone grafts were implanted in the two hemimandibles of six beagle dogs in the same surgical time, immediately after tooth extraction. Two dogs were sacrificed 2, 4, and 8 weeks post implant insertion, respectively. The samples were submitted to histomorphometrical and histological analyses. For each sample, we quantified the new bone growth and the new bone formed around the biomaterial’s granules. After optical microscopic histological evaluation, selected samples were studied using backscattered scanning electron microscopy (BS-SEM). Results: The biofunctionalization of the biomaterial’s granules maintains a stable membranous bone formation throughout the experiment timeline, benefitting from the constant presence of vascular structures in the alveolar space, in a more active manner that in the control samples. Better results in the experimental groups were proven both by quantitative and qualitative analysis. Conclusions: Synthetic bone graft biofunctionalization results in slightly better quantitative parameters of the implant’s osseointegration. The qualitative histological and ultramicroscopic analysis shows that biofunctionalization may shorten the healing period of dental biomaterials.
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10
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Porcelli L, Stolfa D, Stefanachi A, Di Fonte R, Garofoli M, Iacobazzi RM, Silvestris N, Guarini A, Cellamare S, Azzariti A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-biphenyl-nicotinic based moiety compounds: A new class of antimitotic agents for the treatment of Hodgkin Lymphoma. Cancer Lett 2018; 445:1-10. [PMID: 30583077 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that some N-biphenylanilides caused cell-cycle arrest at G2/M transition in breast cancer cells. Among them we choose three derivatives, namely PTA34, PTA73 and RS35 for experimentation in solid tumor cell lines, classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) cell lines and bona fide normal cell lines. Almost all tumor cells were sensitive to compounds in the nanomolar range whereas, they were not cytotoxic to normal ones. Interestingly the compounds caused a strong G2/M phase arrest in cHL cell lines, thus, here we investigated whether they affected the integrity of microtubules in such cells. We found that they induced a long prometaphase arrest, followed by induction of apoptosis which involved mitochondria. PTA73 and RS35 induced the mitotic arrest through the fragmentation of microtubules which prevented the kinethocore-mitotic spindle interaction and the exit from mitosis. PTA34 is instead a tubulin-targeting agent because it inhibited the tubulin polymerization as vinblastine. As such, PTA34 maintained the Cyclin B1-CDK1 regulatory complex activated during the G2/M arrest while inducing the inactivation of Bcl-2 through phosphorylation in Ser70, the degradation of Mcl-1 and a strong activation of BIML and BIMS proapoptotic isoforms. In addition PTA34 exerted an antiangiogenic effect by suppressing microvascular formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Porcelli
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - D Stolfa
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienza del Farmaco, Università di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - A Stefanachi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienza del Farmaco, Università di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - R Di Fonte
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - M Garofoli
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - R M Iacobazzi
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - N Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - A Guarini
- Haematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - S Cellamare
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienza del Farmaco, Università di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - A Azzariti
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy.
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11
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Chung S, Overstreet JM, Li Y, Wang Y, Niu A, Wang S, Fan X, Sasaki K, Jin GN, Khodo SN, Gewin L, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. TGF-β promotes fibrosis after severe acute kidney injury by enhancing renal macrophage infiltration. JCI Insight 2018; 3:123563. [PMID: 30385721 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β signals through a receptor complex composed of 2 type I and 2 type II (TGF-βRII) subunits. We investigated the role of macrophage TGF-β signaling in fibrosis after AKI in mice with selective monocyte/macrophage TGF-βRII deletion (macrophage TGF-βRII-/- mice). Four weeks after injury, renal TGF-β1 expression and fibrosis were higher in WT mice than macrophage TGF-βRII-/- mice, which had decreased renal macrophages. The in vitro chemotactic response to f-Met-Leu-Phe was comparable between bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMMs) from WT and macrophage TGF-βRII-/- mice, but TGF-βRII-/- BMMs did not respond to TGF-β. We then implanted Matrigel plugs suffused with either f-Met-Leu-Phe or TGF-β1 into WT or macrophage TGF-βRII-/- mice. After 6 days, f-Met-Leu-Phe induced similar macrophage infiltration into the Matrigel plugs of WT and macrophage TGF-βRII-/- mice, but TGF-β induced infiltration only in WT mice. We further determined the number of labeled WT or TGF-βRII-/- BMMs infiltrating into WT kidneys 20 days after ischemic injury. There were more labeled WT BMMs than TGF-βRII-/- BMMs. Therefore, macrophage TGF-βRII deletion protects against the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis following severe ischemic renal injury. Chemoattraction of macrophages to the injured kidney through a TGF-β/TGF-βRII axis is a heretofore undescribed mechanism by which TGF-β can mediate renal fibrosis during progressive renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Chung
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jessica M Overstreet
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yinqiu Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aolei Niu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Suwan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Fan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kensuke Sasaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Guan-Nan Jin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stellor Nlandu Khodo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Leslie Gewin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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12
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Boas SEM, Carvalho J, van den Broek M, Weijers EM, Goumans MJ, Koolwijk P, Merks RMH. A local uPAR-plasmin-TGFβ1 positive feedback loop in a qualitative computational model of angiogenic sprouting explains the in vitro effect of fibrinogen variants. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006239. [PMID: 29979675 PMCID: PMC6072121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In experimental assays of angiogenesis in three-dimensional fibrin matrices, a temporary scaffold formed during wound healing, the type and composition of fibrin impacts the level of sprouting. More sprouts form on high molecular weight (HMW) than on low molecular weight (LMW) fibrin. It is unclear what mechanisms regulate the number and the positions of the vascular-like structures in cell cultures. To address this question, we propose a mechanistic simulation model of endothelial cell migration and fibrin proteolysis by the plasmin system. The model is a hybrid, cell-based and continuum, computational model based on the cellular Potts model and sets of partial-differential equations. Based on the model results, we propose that a positive feedback mechanism between uPAR, plasmin and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) selects cells in the monolayer for matrix invasion. Invading cells releases TGFβ1 from the extracellular matrix through plasmin-mediated fibrin degradation. The activated TGFβ1 further stimulates fibrin degradation and keeps proteolysis active as the sprout invades the fibrin matrix. The binding capacity for TGFβ1 of LMW is reduced relative to that of HMW. This leads to reduced activation of proteolysis and, consequently, reduced cell ingrowth in LMW fibrin compared to HMW fibrin. Thus our model predicts that endothelial cells in LMW fibrin matrices compared to HMW matrices show reduced sprouting due to a lower bio-availability of TGFβ1. Therapies for a range of medical conditions, including cancer, wound healing and diabetic retinopathy can benefit from a better control over the growth of blood vessels. The chemical properties of fibrin, the material that forms scabs in wounds and can also occur in large concentrations in tumors, can regulate the degree of blood vessel growth (angiogenesis). Angiogenesis can be mimicked in cell cultures. These allow us to modulate the chemical properties of fibrin and study the effect on angiogenesis. Fibrin occurs in high molecular weight (HMW) and in low molecular weight (LMW) forms. Interestingly, there is more ingrowth of angiogenic-like structures into HMW than in LMW fibrin, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. To get more insight into these, we constructed a computational model. Using the model, we propose and analyse a hypothetical mechanism for sprouting that could explain the differences in endothelial cell sprouting in LMW and HMW fibrin matrices. Our model suggests that cells digest fibrin, thus creating space for ingrowth. At the same time, digestion frees growth factors bound to fibrin, that activates further secretion of digestive enzymes by the cells. We propose that the resulting positive feedback loop spontaneously selects cells in the endothelial monolayer for ingrowth and helps the blood vessel sprout move deeper into the fibrin. This could be a complementary mechanism to lateral-inhibition by Delta-Notch for the selection of leader cells, also called ‘tip cells’. Our model predicts that endothelial cells in LMW fibrin compared to HMW fibrin show reduced sprouting due to a lower bio-availability of TGFβ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja E. M. Boas
- Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joao Carvalho
- Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marloes van den Broek
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University medical Center, Dept. of Physiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ester M. Weijers
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University medical Center, Dept. of Physiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Koolwijk
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University medical Center, Dept. of Physiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland M. H. Merks
- Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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13
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Sevilla P, Cirera A, Dotor J, Gil FJ, Galindo-Moreno P, Aparicio C. In vitro cell response on CP-Ti surfaces functionalized with TGF-β1 inhibitory peptides. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:73. [PMID: 29796827 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Osseointegration of implants is conversely related to the generation of a fibrous tissue capsule around the implant by the host environment. Although TGF-β1 plays many roles in regeneration processes, it is the cytokine to be mostly associated to the production of fibrotic tissue and thus, its inhibition has demonstrated to be beneficial to prevent several fibrotic reactions. Surface biofunctionalization enables the immobilization of biologically active molecules on an implant surface to tailor the biological response of the host. Here, we studied in vitro biological effects of biofunctionalized CP-Ti surfaces with a TGF-β1 inhibitor peptide, P144. A reliable biofunctionalization process that tethers P144 peptides to commercially pure titanium was developed. Differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts and fibroblasts on P144-functionalized and control surfaces was assessed at the gene expression and protein production levels. Results showed that P144-functionalized surfaces reduced expression and production of fibrotic differentiation markers and increased osteoblastic differentiation markers. Therefore, biofunctionalization of surfaces with TGF-β1 inhibitor peptides are an alternative promising strategy for inducing osseointegration around medical devices and implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sevilla
- Escola Universitària Salesiana de Sarrià, Pg. Sant Joan Bosco 74, 08017,, Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering group, Technical University of Catalonia, Pav. E, Av. Diagonal 647,, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Andrea Cirera
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n, 18071,, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Javier Gil
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering group, Technical University of Catalonia, Pav. E, Av. Diagonal 647,, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/ Inmaculada 22,, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Galindo-Moreno
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n, 18071,, Granada, Spain
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- Department of Restorative Sciences, MDRCBB-Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, 16-250A Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN, 55455,, USA
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14
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Serralheiro P, Soares A, Costa Almeida CM, Verde I. TGF-β1 in Vascular Wall Pathology: Unraveling Chronic Venous Insufficiency Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2534. [PMID: 29186866 PMCID: PMC5751137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins occur commonly in affluent countries and are a socioeconomic burden. However, there remains a relative lack of knowledge about venous pathophysiology. Various theories have been suggested, yet the molecular sequence of events is poorly understood. Transforming growth factor-beta one (TGF-β1) is a highly complex polypeptide with multifunctional properties that has an active role during embryonic development, in adult organ physiology and in the pathophysiology of major diseases, including cancer and various autoimmune, fibrotic and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, an emphasis on understanding its signaling pathways (and possible disruptions) will be an essential requirement for a better comprehension and management of specific diseases. This review aims at shedding more light on venous pathophysiology by describing the TGF-β1 structure, function, activation and signaling, and providing an overview of how this growth factor and disturbances in its signaling pathway may contribute to specific pathological processes concerning the vessel wall which, in turn, may have a role in chronic venous insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Serralheiro
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Ln, Norwich NR47UY, UK.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Soares
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Ln, Norwich NR47UY, UK.
| | - Carlos M Costa Almeida
- Department of General Surgery (C), Coimbra University Hospital Centre, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ignacio Verde
- Faculty of Health Sciences, CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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15
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Lv ZD, Zhao WJ, Jin LY, Wang WJ, Dong Q, Li N, Xu HM, Wang HB. Blocking TGF-β1 by P17 peptides attenuates gastric cancer cell induced peritoneal fibrosis and prevents peritoneal dissemination in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:27-33. [PMID: 28092842 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that the peritoneal stroma environment favors proliferation of tumor cells by serving as a rich source of growth factors and chemokines known to be involved in tumor metastasis. In this study, we investigated the interaction between gastric cancer cells and peritoneal mesothelial cells, and determined the effects of TGF-β1 in this processing. Human peritoneal tissues and peritoneal wash fluid were obtained, which examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining or ELISA for measurements of TGF-β1 levels. The peritoneal mesothelial cells were co-incubated with the supernatants of gastric cancer, the expression of TGF-β1, collagen and fibronectin was observed by ELISA and western blot. We then investigated the effects of serum-free conditioned media from HSC-39 gastric cancer cells on the peritoneum of nude mice, and the effects of peritoneal fibrosis on the development of peritoneal metastasis in vivo. The peritoneum from gastric patients were thickened and contained extensive fibrosis. After co-culture both gastric tumor cells and mesothelial cells, we found that TGF-β1 expression was greatly increased in the co-culture system compared to individual culture condition. Serum-free Conditioned Media from HSC-39 was able to induce extracellular matrix expression in vitro and in vivo, and tumorigenicity in mice with peritoneal fibrosis was greater than in mice with normal peritoneum, while blocking TGF-β1 by peptide P17 can partially inhibit these effects. In conclusion, these results indicated that the interaction of gastric cancer with peritoneal fibrosis and determined that TGF-β1 plays a key role in induction of peritoneal fibrosis, which in turn affected dissemination of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dong Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Wei-Jun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, PR China
| | - Li-Ying Jin
- Cerebrovascular Disease Research Institute and (e)Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Wen-Juan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Qian Dong
- Departments of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Hui-Mian Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China.
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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16
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Peng HL, Yi YF, Zhou SK, Xie SS, Zhang GS. Thalidomide Effects in Patients with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia During Therapeutic Treatment and in Fli-EGFP Transgenic Zebrafish Model. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:3050-4. [PMID: 26608985 PMCID: PMC4795244 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.169068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by recurrent epistaxis, mucocutaneous telangiectasia, and arteriovenous malformations. The efficacy of traditional treatments for HHT is very limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic role of thalidomide in HHT patients and the effect in FLI-EGFP transgenic zebrafish model. METHODS HHT was diagnosed according to Shovlin criteria. Five HHT patients were treated with thalidomide (100 mg/d). The Epistaxis Severity Score (ESS), telangiectasia spots, and hepatic computed tomography angiography (CTA) were used to assess the clinical efficacy of thalidomide. The Fli-EGFP zebrafish model was investigated for the effect of thalidomide on angiogenesis. Dynamic real-time polymerase chain reaction assay, ELISA and Western blotting from patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma were used to detect the expression of transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-β3) messenger RNA (mRNA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein before and after 6 months of thalidomide treatment. RESULTS The average ESS before and after thalidomide were 6.966 ± 3.093 and 1.799 ± 0.627, respectively (P = 0.009). The "telangiectatic spot" on the tongue almost vanished; CTA examination of case 2 indicated a smaller proximal hepatic artery and decreased or ceased hepatic artery collateral circulation. The Fli-EGFP zebrafish model manifested discontinuous vessel development and vascular occlusion (7 of 10 fishes), and the TGF-β3 mRNA expression of five patients was lower after thalidomide therapy. The plasma VEGF protein expression was down-regulated in HHT patients. CONCLUSIONS Thalidomide reverses telangiectasia and controls nosebleeds by down-regulating the expression of TGF-β3 and VEGF in HHT patients. It also leads to vascular remodeling in the zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guang-Sen Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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17
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FSTL1 as a Potential Mediator of Exercise-Induced Cardioprotection in Post-Myocardial Infarction Rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32424. [PMID: 27561749 PMCID: PMC5000295 DOI: 10.1038/srep32424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training has been reported to ameliorate heart dysfunction in both humans and animals after myocardial infarction (MI), but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Follistatin-like1 (FSTL1) is a cardioprotective factor against ischemic injury and is induced in cardiomyocytes and skeletal muscle in ischemic and hypoxic conditions. To test the hypothesis that FSTL1 may be a molecular link between exercise and improved heart function post MI, we subjected MI-rats, induced by left coronary artery ligation, to two modes of exercise: intermittent aerobic exercise (IAE) or mechanical vibration training (MVT), for four weeks and examined the relevance of FSTL1 to exercise-mediated cardiac effects. Exercise improved the functional performance, reduced fibrosis of MI-hearts and induced FSTL1 expression, the TGFβ-Smad2/3 signaling and angiogenesis in myocardium. In gastrocnemius, exercise increased the cross-sectional area of myocytes and FSTL1 expression. Importantly, exercise increased circulating FSTL1 levels, which were positively correlated with the skeletal muscle FSTL1 expression and negatively correlated with heart fibrosis. Overall, the IAE was more effective than that of MVT in cardioprotection. Finally, exogenous FSTL1 administration directly improved angiogenesis as well as functionality of post-MI hearts. Taken together, we have demonstrated that FSTL1 is a potential mediator of exercise-induced cardioprotection in post-MI rats.
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18
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CD147 promotes liver fibrosis progression via VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signalling-mediated cross-talk between hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015. [PMID: 26201021 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although previous evidence indicates close involvement of CD147 in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, the underlying molecular mechanisms and its therapeutic value remain largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the biological roles of CD147 in liver fibrosis and assessed its therapeutic value as a target molecule in the CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model. We found that CD147 was highly expressed in both hepatocytes and SECs (sinusoidal endothelial cells) in fibrotic liver tissues. Additionally, it was significantly associated with the fibrosis stage. TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor β1) was found to be mainly responsible for the up-regulation of CD147. Bioinformatic and experimental data suggest a functional link between CD147 expression and VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A)/VEGR-2 (VEGF receptor 2) signalling-mediated angiogenesis in fibrotic liver tissues. Furthermore, we observed that the CD147-induced activation of the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt signalling pathway promotes the production of VEGF-A in hepatocytes and expression of VEGFR-2 in SECs, which was found to enhance the angiogenic capability of SECs. Finally, our data indicate that blocking of CD147 using an mAb (monoclonal antibody) attenuated liver fibrosis progression via inhibition of VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 signalling and subsequent amelioration of microvascular abnormality in the CCl4-induced mouse model. Our findings suggest a novel functional mechanism that CD147 may promote liver fibrosis progression via inducing the VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 signalling pathway-mediated cross-talk between hepatocytes and SECs. New strategies based on the intervention of CD147 can be expected for prevention of liver fibrosis.
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Kim KS, Park JM, Kong T, Kim C, Bae SH, Kim HW, Moon J. Retinal Angiogenesis Effects of TGF-β1 and Paracrine Factors Secreted From Human Placental Stem Cells in Response to a Pathological Environment. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:1145-57. [PMID: 26065854 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x688263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal angiogenesis is a primary cause of many eye diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and retinopathy of prematurity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently being investigated as a treatment for several such retinal diseases based on their neuroprotective and angiogenic potentials. In this study, we evaluated the role of systemically injected human placental amniotic membrane-derived MSCs (AMSCs) on pathological neovascularization of proliferative retinopathy. We determined that AMSCs secrete higher levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1) than other MSCs, and the secreted TGF-β1 directly suppresses the proliferation of endothelial cells under pathological conditions in vitro. Moreover, in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy, intraperitoneally injected AMSCs migrated into the retina and suppressed excessive neovascularization of the vasculature via expression of TGF-β1, and the antineovascular effect of AMSCs was blocked by treatment with TGF-β1 siRNA. These findings are the first to demonstrate that TGF-β1 secreted from AMSCs is one of the key factors to suppress retinal neovascularization in proliferative retinopathy and further elucidate the therapeutic function of AMSCs for the treatment of retinal neovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Sul Kim
- College of Life Science, Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Sevilla P, Vining KV, Dotor J, Rodriguez D, Gil FJ, Aparicio C. Surface immobilization and bioactivity of TGF-β1 inhibitor peptides for bone implant applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:385-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sevilla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Escola Universitària Salesiana de Sarrià. Pg. Sant Joan Bosco 74; 08017 Barcelona Spain
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia, Pav. E; Av. Diagonal 647 Barcelona Spain
| | - Kyle V. Vining
- MDRCBB-Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry; 16-250A Moos Tower 515 Delaware St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Javier Dotor
- DIGNA Biotech, R+D Department. Calle Orense 85, Edificio Lexington; 28020 Madrid Spain
| | - Daniel Rodriguez
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia, Pav. E; Av. Diagonal 647 Barcelona Spain
| | - F. Javier Gil
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia, Pav. E; Av. Diagonal 647 Barcelona Spain
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- MDRCBB-Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry; 16-250A Moos Tower 515 Delaware St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
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21
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Laurenzana A, Biagioni A, Bianchini F, Peppicelli S, Chillà A, Margheri F, Luciani C, Pimpinelli N, Del Rosso M, Calorini L, Fibbi G. Inhibition of uPAR-TGFβ crosstalk blocks MSC-dependent EMT in melanoma cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:783-94. [PMID: 25694039 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The capacity of cancer cells to undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is now considered a hallmark of tumor progression, and it is known that interactions between cancer cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of tumor microenvironment may promote this program. Herein, we demonstrate that MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) is a potent inducer of EMT in melanoma cells. The EMT profile acquired by MSC-CM-exposed melanoma cells is characterized by an enhanced level of mesenchymal markers, including TGFβ/TGFβ-receptors system upregulation, by increased invasiveness and uPAR expression, and in vivo tumor growth. Silencing TGFβ in MSC is found to abrogate ability of MSC to promote EMT characteristics in melanoma cells, together with uPAR expression, and this finding is strengthened using an antagonist peptide of TGFβRIII, the so-called P17. Finally, we demonstrate that the uPAR antisense oligonucleotide (uPAR aODN) may inhibit EMT of melanoma cells either stimulated by exogenous TGFβ or MSC-CM. Thus, uPAR upregulation in melanoma cells exposed to MSC-medium drives TGFβ-mediated EMT. On the whole, TGFβ/uPAR dangerous liaison in cancer cell/MSC interactions may disclose a new strategy to abrogate melanoma progression. KEY MESSAGE Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-conditioned medium induces EMT-like profile in melanoma. MSC-derived TGFβ promotes uPAR and TGFβ/TGFβ-receptor upregulation in melanoma. TGFβ gene silencing in MSCs downregulates uPAR expression and EMT in melanoma. uPAR downregulation prevents MSC-induced EMT-like profile in melanoma cells. Inhibition of the dangerous TGFβ/uPAR relationship might abrogate melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laurenzana
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
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Abstract
Growth factors (GFs) are major regulatory proteins that can govern cell fate, migration, and organization. Numerous aspects of the cell milieu can modulate cell responses to GFs, and GF regulation is often achieved by the native extracellular matrix (ECM). For example, the ECM can sequester GFs and thereby control GF bioavailability. In addition, GFs can exert distinct effects depending on whether they are sequestered in solution, at two-dimensional interfaces, or within three-dimensional matrices. Understanding how the context of GF sequestering impacts cell function in the native ECM can instruct the design of soluble or insoluble GF sequestering moieties, which can then be used in a variety of bioengineering applications. This Feature Article provides an overview of the natural mechanisms of GF sequestering in the cell milieu, and reviews the recent bioengineering approaches that have sequestered GFs to modulate cell function. Results to date demonstrate that the cell response to GF sequestering depends on the affinity of the sequestering interaction, the spatial proximity of sequestering in relation to cells, the source of the GF (supplemented or endogenous), and the phase of the sequestering moiety (soluble or insoluble). We highlight the importance of context for the future design of biomaterials that can leverage endogenous molecules in the cell milieu and mitigate the need for supplemented factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Belair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Ngoc Nhi Le
- Department of Material Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
- Department of Material Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
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23
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Parri M, Pietrovito L, Grandi A, Campagnoli S, De Camilli E, Bianchini F, Marchiò S, Bussolino F, Jin B, Sarmientos P, Grandi G, Viale G, Pileri P, Chiarugi P, Grifantini R. Angiopoietin-like 7, a novel pro-angiogenetic factor over-expressed in cancer. Angiogenesis 2014; 17:881-96. [PMID: 24903490 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-014-9435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL) proteins are secreted proteins showing structural similarity to members of the angiopoietin family. Some ANGPTL proteins possess pleiotropic activities, being involved in cancer lipid, glucose energy metabolisms, and angiogenesis. ANGPTL7 is the less characterized member of the family whose functional role is only marginally known. In this study, we provide experimental evidences that ANGPTL7 is over-expressed in different human cancers. To understand the role played by ANGPTL7 in tumor biology, we asked whether ANGPTL7 is endogenously expressed by malignant cells or in response to environmental stimuli. We found that ANGPTL7 is marginally expressed under standard growth condition while it is specifically up-regulated by hypoxia. Interestingly, the protein is secreted and partially associated with the exosomal fraction, suggesting that it could be found in the systemic circulation of oncologic patients and act in an endocrine way. Moreover, we found that ANGPTL7 exerts a pro-angiogenetic effect on human differentiated endothelial cells by stimulating their proliferation, motility, invasiveness, and capability to form capillary-like networks while it does not stimulate progenitor endothelial cells. Finally, we showed that ANGPTL7 promotes vascularization in vivo in the mouse Matrigel sponge assay, thereby accrediting this molecule as a pro-angiogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Parri
- Externautics SpA, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
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Salvo E, Garasa S, Dotor J, Morales X, Peláez R, Altevogt P, Rouzaut A. Combined targeting of TGF-β1 and integrin β3 impairs lymph node metastasis in a mouse model of non-small-cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:112. [PMID: 24884715 PMCID: PMC4049383 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) acts as a tumor suppressor early in carcinogenesis but turns into tumor promoter in later disease stages. In fact, TGF-β is a known inducer of integrin expression by tumor cells which contributes to cancer metastatic spread and TGF-β inhibition has been shown to attenuate metastasis in mouse models. However, carcinoma cells often become refractory to TGF-β-mediated growth inhibition. Therefore identifying patients that may benefit from anti-TGF-β therapy requires careful selection. Methods We performed in vitro analysis of the effects of exposure to TGF-β in NSCLC cell chemotaxis and adhesion to lymphatic endothelial cells. We also studied in an orthotopic model of NSCLC the incidence of metastases to the lymph nodes after inhibition of TGF-β signaling, β3 integrin expression or both. Results We offer evidences of increased β3-integrin dependent NSCLC adhesion to lymphatic endothelium after TGF-β exposure. In vivo experiments show that targeting of TGF-β and β3 integrin significantly reduces the incidence of lymph node metastasis. Even more, blockade of β3 integrin expression in tumors that did not respond to TGF-β inhibition severely impaired the ability of the tumor to metastasize towards the lymph nodes. Conclusion These findings suggest that lung cancer tumors refractory to TGF-β monotherapy can be effectively treated using dual therapy that combines the inhibition of tumor cell adhesion to lymphatic vessels with stromal TGF-β inhibition.
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Gonzalo-Gil E, Criado G, Santiago B, Dotor J, Pablos JL, Galindo M. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling is increased in rheumatoid synovium but TGF-β blockade does not modify experimental arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 174:245-55. [PMID: 23869798 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the distribution of regulatory and inhibitory mothers against decapentaplegic homologue (Smad) proteins as markers of active transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue and to investigate the effect of TGF-β blockade in the development and progression of collagen-induced arthritis. The expression of Smad proteins in synovial tissues from RA, osteoarthritic and healthy controls was analysed by immunohistochemistry. Arthritis was induced in DBA/1 mice by immunization with chicken type-II collagen (CII). TGF-β was blocked in vivo with the specific peptide p17 starting at the time of immunization or on the day of arthritis onset. T cell population frequencies and specific responses to CII were analysed. The expression of cytokines and transcription factors was quantified in spleen and joint samples. Statistical differences between groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test or one-way analysis of variance (anova) using the Kruskal-Wallis test. p-Smad-2/3 and inhibitory Smad-7 expression were detected in RA and control tissues. In RA, most lymphoid infiltrating cells showed nuclear p-Smad-2/3 without Smad-7 expression. Treatment with TGF-β antagonist did not affect clinical severity, joint inflammation and cartilage damage in collagen-induced arthritis. Frequency of T cell subsets, mRNA levels of cytokines and transcription factors, specific proliferation to CII, serum interleukin (IL)-6 and anti-CII antibodies were comparable in p17 and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated groups. The pattern of Smad proteins expression demonstrates active TGF-β signalling in RA synovium. However, specific TGF-β blockade does not have a significant effect in the mice model of collagen-induced arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gonzalo-Gil
- Hospital 12 de Octubre, 'i+12', Instituto de Investigación, Madrid, Spain
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Belair DG, Murphy WL. Specific VEGF sequestering to biomaterials: influence of serum stability. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8823-31. [PMID: 23816648 PMCID: PMC4149317 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was originally discovered as a tumor-derived factor that is able to induce endothelial cell behavior associated with angiogenesis. It has been implicated during wound healing for the induction of endothelial cell proliferation, tube formation and blood vessel remodeling. However, previous investigations into the biological effect of VEGF concluded that a particular range of growth factor concentrations are required for healthy vasculature to form, motivating recent studies to regulate VEGF activity via molecular sequestering to biomaterials. Numerous VEGF sequestering strategies have been developed, and they have typically relied on extracellular matrix mimicking moieties that are not specific for VEGF and can affect many growth factors simultaneously. We describe here a strategy for efficient, specific VEGF sequestering with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) microspheres, using peptides designed to mimic VEGF receptor type 2 (VEGFR2). By immobilizing two distinct peptides with different serum stabilities, we examined the effect of serum on the specific interaction between peptide-containing PEG microspheres and VEGF. We addressed the hypothesis that VEGF sequestering in serum-containing solutions would be influenced by the serum stability of the VEGF-binding peptide. We further hypothesized that soluble VEGF could be sequestered in serum-containing cell culture media, resulting in decreased VEGF-dependent proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We show that soluble VEGF concentration can be effectively regulated in serum-containing environments via specific molecular sequestering, which suggests potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Belair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Transforming growth factor-beta inhibition reduces progression of early choroidal neovascularization lesions in rats: P17 and P144 peptides. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65434. [PMID: 23741494 PMCID: PMC3669249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) inhibitor peptides (P17 & P144) on early laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (LI-CNV) lesions in rats, two weeks after laser CNV induction. Seventy-one Long Evans rats underwent diode laser application in an established LI-CNV model. Baseline fluorescein angiography (FA) was performed 14 days following laser procedure, and treatments were administered 16 days post-laser application via different administration routes. Intravenous groups included control (IV-Control), P17 (IV-17), and P144 (IV-144) groups, whereas intravitreal groups included P17 (IVT-17), P144 (IVT-144), and a mixture of both peptides (IVT-17+144) (with fellow eyes receiving vehicle alone). CNV evolution was assessed using FA performed weekly for four weeks after treatment. Following sacrifice, VEGF, TGF-β, COX-2, IGF-1, PAI-1, IL-6, MMP-2, MMP-9, and TNF-α gene expression was assessed using RT-PCR. VEGF and p-SMAD2 protein levels were also assessed by western-blot, while MMP-2 activity was assessed with gelatin zymography. Regarding the FA analysis, the mean CNV area was lower from the 3rd week in IVT-17 and IVT-144 groups, and also from the 2nd week in IVT-17+144. Biochemical analysis revealed that gene expression was lower for VEGF and COX-2 genes in IV-17 and IV-144 groups, VEGF gene in IVT-17+144 group and MMP-2 gene in IVT-17 and IVT-144 groups. VEGF protein expression was also decreased in IV-17, IV-144, IVT-17 and IVT-144, whereas pSMAD-2 levels were lower in IV-17, IV-144 and IVT-17+144 groups. Zymogram analysis revealed decreased MMP-2 activity in IV-17, IV-144, IVT-17 and IVT-144 groups. These data suggest that the use of TGF-β inhibitor peptides (P17 & P144) decrease the development of early CNV lesions by targeting different mediators than those typically affected using current anti-angiogenic therapies. Its potential role in the treatment of early CNV appears promising as a single therapy or adjuvant to anti-VEGF drugs.
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Serratì S, Chillà A, Laurenzana A, Margheri F, Giannoni E, Magnelli L, Chiarugi P, Dotor J, Feijoo E, Bazzichi L, Bombardieri S, Kahaleh B, Fibbi G, Del Rosso M. Systemic sclerosis endothelial cells recruit and activate dermal fibroblasts by induction of a connective tissue growth factor (CCN2)/transforming growth factor β-dependent mesenchymal-to-mesenchymal transition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:258-69. [PMID: 22972461 DOI: 10.1002/art.37705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical evidence suggests that the vascular abnormalities of systemic sclerosis (SSc) precede the onset of fibrosis, but molecular cues accounting for a possible vascular connection of SSc fibrosis have been elusive, although they have been searched for intensively. Since we had previously shown that connective tissue growth factor (CCN2), endowed with fibroblast-oriented activities, was overexpressed by endothelial cells (ECs) from SSc patients, we undertook this study to investigate its role and mechanisms in fibroblast activation. METHODS Normal fibroblasts were challenged with conditioned medium of normal microvascular ECs (MVECs) and MVECs obtained from SSc patients with the diffuse form of the disease. Fibroblast invasion was studied using the Boyden chamber Matrigel assay. Fibroblast activation was evaluated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, and type I collagen. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production was evaluated by zymography and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Signal transduction and activation of the small GTPases RhoA and Rac1 were studied by Western blotting. Inhibition of SSc MVEC conditioned medium-dependent fibroblast activation was obtained by anti-CCN2 antibodies and the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) antagonist peptide p17. RESULTS SSc MVEC CCN2 stimulated fibroblast activation and invasion. Such activities depended on CCN2-induced overexpression of TGFβ and its type I, II, and III receptors combined with overproduction of MMP-2 and MMP-9 gelatinases. All of these effects were reversed by the TGFβ antagonist peptide p17. Motility increase required Rac1 activation and RhoA inhibition and was inhibited by an MMP inhibitor. These features connoted a mesenchymal style of cell invasion. Since fibroblast activation also fostered overexpression of α-SMA, vimentin, and type I collagen, the CCN2-dependent increase in fibroblast activities recapitulated the characteristics of a mesenchymal-to-mesenchymal transition. CONCLUSION SSc MVECs recruit and activate dermal fibroblasts by induction of a CCN2/TGFβ-dependent mesenchymal-to-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Serratì
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy, and Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
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Margheri F, Schiavone N, Papucci L, Magnelli L, Serratì S, Chillà A, Laurenzana A, Bianchini F, Calorini L, Torre E, Dotor J, Feijoo E, Fibbi G, Del Rosso M. GDF5 regulates TGFß-dependent angiogenesis in breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells: in vitro and in vivo control by anti-TGFß peptides. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50342. [PMID: 23226264 PMCID: PMC3511424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TGFß overproduction in cancer cells is one of the main characteristics of late tumor progression being implicated in metastasis, tumor growth, angiogenesis and immune response. We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of anti-TGFß peptides in the control of angiogenesis elicited by conditional over-expression of TGFß. METHODS We have inserted in human MCF7 mammary-cancer cells a mutated TGFß gene in a tetracycline-repressible vector to obtain conditional expression of mature TGFß upon transient transfection, evaluated the signaling pathways involved in TGFß-dependent endothelial cells activation and the efficacy of anti-TGFß peptides in the control of MCF7-TGFß-dependent angiogenesis. RESULTS TGFß over-expression induced in MCF7 several markers of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Conditioned-medium of TGFß-transfected MCF7 stimulated angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro by subsequent activation of SMAD2/3 and SMAD1/5 signaling in endothelial cells, as well as SMAD4 nuclear translocation, resulting in over-expression of the pro-angiogenic growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF5). Inhibition or silencing of GDF5 in TGFß-stimulated EC resulted in impairment of GDF5 expression and of TGFß-dependent urokinase-plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) overproduction, leading to angiogenesis impairment. Two different TGFß antagonist peptides inhibited all the angiogenesis-related properties elicited in EC by exogenous and conditionally-expressed TGFß in vivo and in vitro, including SMAD1/5 phosphorylation, SMAD4 nuclear translocation, GDF5 and uPAR overexpression. Antagonist peptides and anti-GDF5 antibodies efficiently inhibited in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS TGFß produced by breast cancer cells induces in endothelial cells expression of GDF5, which in turn stimulates angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Angiogenesis activation is rapid and the involved mechanism is totally opposed to the old and controversial dogma about the AKL5/ALK1 balance. The GDF-dependent pro-angiogenic effects of TGFß are controlled by anti-TGFß peptides and anti-GDF5 antibodies, providing a basis to develop targeted clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Margheri
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Schiavone
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Papucci
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Magnelli
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Serratì
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Oncohematology, Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Anastasia Chillà
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Laurenzana
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchini
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Lido Calorini
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Eugenio Torre
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Gabriella Fibbi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
- * E-mail: (GF); (MDR)
| | - Mario Del Rosso
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
- * E-mail: (GF); (MDR)
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EphA2-mediated mesenchymal-amoeboid transition induced by endothelial progenitor cells enhances metastatic spread due to cancer-associated fibroblasts. J Mol Med (Berl) 2012; 91:103-15. [PMID: 22903544 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0941-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression is deeply influenced by epigenetic changes induced by tumor stroma. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been reported to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells, thereby enhancing their aggressiveness and stem-like properties. As CAFs are able to recruit endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to tumor site, we aim to investigate their interplay for prostate carcinoma progression. Both prostate CAFs and cancer cells actively recruit EPCs, known to affect tumor progression through increased vasculogenesis. EPCs synergize with CAFs to further promote epigenetic plasticity of cancer cells, through a mesenchymal-to-amoeboid transition. Indeed, after fibroblasts have engaged epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells, a further shift towards amoeboid motility is promoted by EPCs through contact-mediated triggering of the bidirectional ephrinA1/EphA2 signaling. The activation of ephrinA1 reverse pathway enhances EPC-induced neo-vascularization, thus promoting tumor growth, while EphA2 forward signaling elicits mesenchymal-amoeboid transition in cancer cells, favoring their adhesion to endothelium, transendothelial migration, and lung metastatic colonization. We therefore underscore that the metastatic advantage given by tumor microenvironment embraces different motility strategies and propose EphA2-targeted tools as useful adjuvants in anti-metastatic treatments.
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Buijs JT, Stayrook KR, Guise TA. TGF-β in the Bone Microenvironment: Role in Breast Cancer Metastases. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT SOCIETY 2011; 4:261-81. [PMID: 21748439 PMCID: PMC3234330 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-011-0075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among females worldwide. It has long been known that cancers preferentially metastasize to particular organs, and bone metastases occur in ∼70% of patients with advanced breast cancer. Breast cancer bone metastases are predominantly osteolytic and accompanied by bone destruction, bone fractures, pain, and hypercalcemia, causing severe morbidity and hospitalization. In the bone matrix, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is one of the most abundant growth factors, which is released in active form upon tumor-induced osteoclastic bone resorption. TGF-β, in turn, stimulates bone metastatic cells to secrete factors that further drive osteolytic destruction of the bone adjacent to the tumor, categorizing TGF-β as a crucial factor responsible for driving the feed-forward vicious cycle of cancer growth in bone. Moreover, TGF-β activates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, increases tumor cell invasiveness and angiogenesis and induces immunosuppression. Blocking the TGF-β signaling pathway to interrupt this vicious cycle between breast cancer and bone offers a promising target for therapeutic intervention to decrease skeletal metastasis. This review will describe the role of TGF-β in breast cancer and bone metastasis, and pre-clinical and clinical data will be evaluated for the potential use of TGF-β inhibitors in clinical practice to treat breast cancer bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen T. Buijs
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Walther Hall R3, #C132, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Keith R. Stayrook
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Walther Hall R3, #C132, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Theresa A. Guise
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Walther Hall R3, #C132, Indianapolis, IN USA
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Serratì S, Margheri F, Chillà A, Neumann E, Müller-Ladner U, Benucci M, Fibbi G, Del Rosso M. Reduction of in vitro invasion and in vivo cartilage degradation in a SCID mouse model by loss of function of the fibrinolytic system of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:2584-94. [PMID: 21547898 DOI: 10.1002/art.30439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), uPA receptor (uPAR), and PA inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) have pivotal roles in the proliferation and invasion of several cell types, including synovial fibroblasts (SFs). The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of controlling the invasion of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) SFs in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting uPA and uPAR. METHODS Normal SFs, SFs from patients with RA, and SFs from patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) were used. The levels of uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of messenger RNA. The activity of uPA was studied by zymography. Proliferation was measured by cell counting, and cell invasion was measured with a Boyden chamber assembled with Matrigel-coated porous filters. Human cartilage and RA SF implantation in the SCID mouse model of RA were used to study cartilage invasion in vivo. RESULTS RA SFs and PsA SFs overexpressed uPAR and as a result were more active than their normal counterparts in terms of both Matrigel invasion and proliferation. This effect was counteracted by a specific inhibitor of uPA enzymatic activity (WX-340) and by uPAR antisense treatment. The use of both WX-340 and uPAR antisense treatment in vitro showed cooperative effects in RA SFs that were more intense than the effects of either treatment alone. Significant inhibition of cartilage invasion was obtained in vivo with uPAR antisense treatment, while uPA inhibition was inefficient, either alone or in combination with antisense treatment. CONCLUSION The decrease in uPAR expression in RA SFs reduced invasion of human cartilage in vitro and in the SCID mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Serratì
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence and Center for the Study at Molecular and Clinical Level of Chronic, Degenerative, and Neoplastic Diseases to Develop Novel Therapies (DENOTHE), Florence, Italy
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Rosca EV, Koskimaki JE, Rivera CG, Pandey NB, Tamiz AP, Popel AS. Anti-angiogenic peptides for cancer therapeutics. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2011; 12:1101-16. [PMID: 21470139 DOI: 10.2174/138920111796117300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peptides have emerged as important therapeutics that are being rigorously tested in angiogenesis-dependent diseases due to their low toxicity and high specificity. Since the discovery of endogenous proteins and protein fragments that inhibit microvessel formation (thrombospondin, endostatin) several peptides have shown promise in pre-clinical and clinical studies for cancer. Peptides have been derived from thrombospondin, collagens, chemokines, coagulation cascade proteins, growth factors, and other classes of proteins and target different receptors. Here we survey recent developments for anti-angiogenic peptides with length not exceeding 50 amino acid residues that have shown activity in pre-clinical models of cancer or have been tested in clinical trials; some of the peptides have been modified and optimized, e.g., through L-to-D and non-natural amino acid substitutions. We highlight technological advances in peptide discovery and optimization including computational and bioinformatics tools and novel experimental techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Rosca
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Maroni D, Davis JS. TGFB1 disrupts the angiogenic potential of microvascular endothelial cells of the corpus luteum. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:2501-10. [PMID: 21693577 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.084558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclical formation and regression of the ovarian corpus luteum is required for reproduction. During luteal regression, the microvasculature of the corpus luteum is extensively disrupted. Prostaglandin F2α, a primary signal for luteal regression, induces the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFB1) in the corpus luteum. This study determined the actions of TGFB1 on microvascular endothelial cells isolated from the bovine corpus luteum (CLENDO cells). We hypothesized that TGFB1 participates in the disruption of the microvasculature during luteal regression. TGFB1 activated the canonical SMAD signaling pathway in CLENDO cells. TGFB1 (1 ng/ml) significantly reduced both basal and fetal-calf-serum-stimulated DNA synthesis, without reducing cell viability. TGFB1 also significantly reduced CLENDO cell transwell migration and disrupted the formation of capillary-like structures when CLENDO cells were plated on Matrigel. By contrast, CLENDO cells plated on fibrillar collagen I gels did not form capillary-like structures and TGFB1 induced cell death. Additionally, TGFB1 caused loss of VE-cadherin from cellular junctions and loss of cell-cell contacts, and increased the permeability of confluent CLENDO cell monolayers. These studies demonstrate that TGFB1 acts directly on CLENDO cells to limit endothelial cell function and suggest that TGFB1 might act in the disassembly of capillaries observed during luteal regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Maroni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3255, USA
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional cytokine that functions to inhibit mammary tumorigenesis by directly inducing mammary epithelial cells (MECs) to undergo cell cycle arrest or apoptosis, and to secrete a variety of cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins that maintain cell and tissue homeostasis. Genetic and epigenetic events that transpire during mammary tumorigenesis typically inactivate the tumor suppressing activities of TGF-beta and ultimately confer this cytokine with tumor promoting activities, including the ability to stimulate breast cancer invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and evasion from the immune system. This dramatic conversion in TGF-beta function is known as the "TGF-beta paradox" and reflects a variety of dynamic alterations that occur not only within the developing mammary carcinoma, but also within the cellular and structural composition of its accompanying tumor microenvironment. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the critical importance of mammary tumor microenvironments in manifesting the TGF-beta paradox and influencing the response of developing mammary carcinomas to TGF-beta. Here we highlight recent findings demonstrating the essential function of tumor microenvironments in regulating the oncogenic activities of TGF-beta and its stimulation of metastatic progression during mammary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A. Taylor
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yong-Hun Lee
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - William P. Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Pardali E, Goumans MJ, ten Dijke P. Signaling by members of the TGF-β family in vascular morphogenesis and disease. Trends Cell Biol 2010; 20:556-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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The supernatant of apoptotic cells causes transcriptional activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in macrophages via sphingosine-1-phosphate and transforming growth factor-beta. Blood 2009; 114:2140-8. [PMID: 19549990 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-01-201889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages infiltrating solid tumors exhibit a tumor-supporting phenotype and are critical for tumor development. Little is known which tumor-derived signal provokes this phenotype shift and how these signals are interpreted in macrophages to support tumor growth. We used the supernatant of apoptotic cells and noticed transcriptional, nuclear factor of activated T cells-dependent up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha mRNA, subsequent protein expression, and HIF-1 activity. Blocking calcineurin with cyclosporine A attenuated nuclear factor of activated T cells binding during electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis and circumvented the HIF-1alpha mRNA increase. Knockdown experiments, receptor analysis, and antibody neutralization pointed to sphingosine-1-phosphate and transforming growth factor-beta as the initiators of the HIF-1 response. The use of macrophages from conditional HIF-1alpha knockout mice revealed that macrophages, under the impact of apoptotic cell supernatants, use HIF-1 to produce factors that induce CD31 expression in murine embryonic stem cells. Our study supports the notion that soluble factors produced from apoptotic tumor cells activate the HIF-1 system under normoxia in macrophages to enhance their tumor-promoting capacity by, for example, releasing vascular endothelial growth factor. This shows the importance of HIF-1-elicited responses in regulatory macrophages under normoxia.
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