1
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Ma Z, He Y, Li Y, Wang Q, Fang M, Yang Q, Gong Z, Xu L. Effects of Deoxynivalenol and Its Acetylated Derivatives on Lipid Metabolism in Human Normal Hepatocytes. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:294. [PMID: 39057934 PMCID: PMC11281666 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16070294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) belong to type B trichothecenes that are widely detected in agricultural products as one of the most common classes of mycotoxins. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the alteration of lipid metabolism in normal human hepatocytes by poisoning with DON and its acetylated derivatives. After verifying the hepatotoxicity of the three toxins, DON, 15-ADON, and 3-ADON, the mRNA expression was determined by transcriptomics, and the results showed that DON and 15-ADON had a significant regulatory effect on the transcriptome, in which glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway and phospholipase D signaling pathways have not been reported in studies of DON and its acetylated derivatives. For further validation, we explored lipid metabolism in depth and found that PC (15:0/16:0), PC (16:1/18:3), PC (18:1/22:6), PC (16:0/16:0), PC (16:0/16:1), PC (16:1/18:1), PC (14:0/18:2), PE (14:0/16:0) and PE (18:1/18:3) were downregulated for all nine lipids. Combined with the transcriptome results, we found that hepatic steatosis induced by the three toxins, DON, 15-ADON and 3-ADON, was associated with altered expression of genes related to lipid oxidation, lipogenesis and lipolysis, and their effects on lipid metabolism in L-02 cells were mainly realized through the PC-PE cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Ma
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yuyun He
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yuzhi Li
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection Technology of Focus Chemical Hazards in Animal-Derived Food for State Market Regulation, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Min Fang
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Zhiyong Gong
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Lin Xu
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430023, China
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2
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Kataoka M, Takenaka S, Fujii S, Masada T, Minami K, Takagi T, Omote M, Kawai K, Yamashita S. In vitro demonstration of antedrug mechanism of a pharmacokinetic booster to improve CYP3A4 substrates by CYP3A4-mediated metabolism inhibition. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2024; 56:101005. [PMID: 38663182 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2024.101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
We previously reported novel benzyl-ether derivatives with an imidazole ring and a hydroxyl group (A-01) or carboxyl group (B-01) and esters (2 esters of A-01, and 7 esters of B-01) as pharmacokinetics (PK) boosters. This study demonstrates how these ester compounds embody the concept of a safe pharmacokinetic booster, with potent and transient inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism. As a model CYP3A4 substrate and CYP3A4 enzyme, midazolam (MDZ) and rat liver microsomes were used. A-01 inhibited MDZ metabolism significantly, while B-01 induced only slight inhibition. Although rat liver microsomes hydrolyzed the ester compounds over time, several ester compounds strongly inhibited MDZ metabolism. Due to the significant activity of A-01, A-01 esters affected MDZ metabolism, irrespective of hydrolysis state. Time-dependent inhibition evaluation indicated that the B-01 ester inhibition is not mechanism-based, as hydrolysis eliminated MDZ metabolism inhibition. We report that the B-01 esters significantly inhibit CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism, and upon hydrolysis this property is eliminated. In conclusion, B-01 ester compounds may be safe PK boosters with antedrug characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kataoka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan.
| | - Sae Takenaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Shota Fujii
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Takato Masada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Keiko Minami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Toshihide Takagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Masaaki Omote
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan.
| | - Shinji Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
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Lv H, Nie C, He Y, Chen B, Liu Y, Zhang J, Chen X. Individual Irinotecan Therapy Under the Guidance of Pre-Treated UGT1A1* 6 Genotyping in Gastric Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338241236658. [PMID: 38497131 PMCID: PMC10946077 DOI: 10.1177/15330338241236658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe delayed diarrhea and hematological toxicity limit the use of irinotecan. Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) is a critical enzyme in irinotecan metabolism. The study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of irinotecan under the guidance of the pre-treatment UGT1A1 genotype in the second-line treatment of gastric cancer. Methods: This study involved 110 patients. Irinotecan was injected intravenously every 3 weeks, and the dose of irinotecan was determined by polymorphism of the UGT1A1 gene, which was divided into three groups (125 mg/m2: GG type; 100 mg/m2: GA type; 75 mg/m2: AA type). The primary end point was overall survival (OS), the secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) and safety. Results: One hundred and seven patients received irinotecan treatment and three patients with AA type received paclitaxel treatment. Among 107 patients, there were no significant differences in PFS (4.8 m vs 4.9 m vs 4.4 m; p = 0.5249) and OS (9.3 m vs 9.3 m vs NA; p = 0.6821) among patients with GG/GA/AA subtypes after dose adjustment. For the patient with homozygosity mutation, treatment was switched to paclitaxel. There were no significant differences in PFS and OS among patients with different alleles or after dose adjustment (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference in the risk of delayed diarrhea (p = 0.000), leukopenia (p = 0.003) and neutropenia (p = 0.000) in patients with different UGT1A1*6 genotypes, while no difference in patients with different UGT1A1*28 genotypes. Additionally, grade 3/4 diarrhea, neutropenia, and leukopenia were significantly more common in AA genotype patients compared to GG (2%, 19%, 24%) or GA (23%, 31%, 31%) genotype patients. Conclusion: Individual irinotecan treatment shows encouraging survival and tolerability outcomes in patients with GG/GA subtype. Irinotecan may be not suitable for patients with AA subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Lv
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caiyun Nie
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunduan He
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Liu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines, Inc. Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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4
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Masson P, Shaihutdinova Z, Lockridge O. Drug and pro-drug substrates and pseudo-substrates of human butyrylcholinesterase. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115910. [PMID: 37972875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is present in plasma and numerous cells and organs. Its physiological function(s) is(are) still unclear. However, this enzyme is of pharmacological and toxicological importance. It displays a broad specificity and is capable of hydrolyzing a wide range of substrates with turnovers differing by several orders of magnitude. Nowaday, these substrates include more than two dozen carboxyl-ester drugs, numerous acetylated prodrugs, and transition state analogues of acetylcholine. In addition, BChE displays a promiscuous hydrolytic activity toward amide bonds of arylacylamides, and slowly hydrolyzes carbamyl- and phosphoryl-esters. Certain pseudo-substrates like carbamates and organophosphates are major drugs of potential medical interest. The existence of a large genetic poly-allelism, affecting the catalytic properties of BChE is at the origin of clinical complications in the use of certain drugs catabolized by BChE. The number of drugs and prodrugs hydrolyzed by BChE is expected to increase in the future. However, very few quantitative data (Km, kcat) are available for most marketed drugs, and except for myorelaxants like succinylcholine and mivacurium, the impact of BChE genetic mutations on catalytic parameters has not been evaluated for most of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Masson
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuropharmacology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Zukhra Shaihutdinova
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuropharmacology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Oksana Lockridge
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE, USA
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5
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Obayashi N, Sakayori N, Kawaguchi H, Sugita M. Effect of irinotecan administration on amiloride-sensitive sodium taste responses in mice. Eur J Oral Sci 2023; 131:e12922. [PMID: 36852977 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Taste alteration is a frequently reported side effect in patients receiving the chemotherapeutic agent, irinotecan. However, the way in which irinotecan causes taste disturbance and the type of taste impairment that is affected remain elusive. Here, we used the two-bottle preference test to characterize behavioral taste responses and employed immunohistochemical analyses to clarify the types and mechanisms of taste alteration induced, in mice, by irinotecan administration. Irinotecan administration resulted in a reduced intake of sodium taste solution but had no effect on sweet taste responses, as determined in the two-bottle preference test. In the presence of amiloride, which inhibits the function of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the periphery, the intake of sodium taste solution was comparable between the irinotecan-treated and control groups. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that α-ENaC immunoreactivity detected in taste bud cells decreased slowly after irinotecan administration, and that administration of irinotecan had little effect on the number of cells expressing the cellular proliferation marker, Ki67, within or around taste buds. Our results imply that irinotecan administration may be responsible for altered behavioral sodium taste responses originating from ENaC function in the periphery, while being accompanied by the reduction of α-ENaC expression at the apical membrane of taste receptor cells without disturbing taste cell renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Obayashi
- Department of Physiology and Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of General Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sakayori
- Department of Physiology and Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawaguchi
- Department of General Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugita
- Department of Physiology and Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Sharma S, Singh DK, Mettu VS, Yue G, Ahire D, Basit A, Heyward S, Prasad B. Quantitative Characterization of Clinically Relevant Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters in Rat Liver and Intestinal Segments for Applications in PBPK Modeling. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1737-1749. [PMID: 36791335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Rats are extensively used as a preclinical model for assessing drug pharmacokinetics (PK) and tissue distribution; however, successful translation of the rat data requires information on the differences in drug metabolism and transport mechanisms between rats and humans. To partly fill this knowledge gap, we quantified clinically relevant drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMETs) in the liver and different intestinal segments of Sprague-Dawley rats. The levels of DMET proteins in rats were quantified using the global proteomics-based total protein approach (TPA) and targeted proteomics. The abundance of the major DMET proteins was largely comparable using quantitative global and targeted proteomics. However, global proteomics-based TPA was able to detect and quantify a comprehensive list of 66 DMET proteins in the liver and 37 DMET proteins in the intestinal segments of SD rats without the need for peptide standards. Cytochrome P450 (Cyp) and UDP-glycosyltransferase (Ugt) enzymes were mainly detected in the liver with the abundance ranging from 8 to 6502 and 74 to 2558 pmol/g tissue. P-gp abundance was higher in the intestine (124.1 pmol/g) as compared to that in the liver (26.6 pmol/g) using the targeted analysis. Breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) was most abundant in the intestinal segments, whereas organic anion transporting polypeptides (Oatp) 1a1, 1a4, 1b2, and 2a1 and multidrug resistance proteins (Mrp) 2 and 6 were predominantly detected in the liver. To demonstrate the utility of these data, we modeled digoxin PK by integrating protein abundance of P-gp and Cyp3a2 into a physiologically based PK (PBPK) model constructed using PK-Sim software. The model was able to reliably predict the systemic as well as tissue concentrations of digoxin in rats. These findings suggest that proteomics-informed PBPK models in preclinical species can allow mechanistic PK predictions in animal models including tissue drug concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Sharma
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Dilip K Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Vijay S Mettu
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Guihua Yue
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Deepak Ahire
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Abdul Basit
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | | | - Bhagwat Prasad
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
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Barnett-Griness O, Rennert G, Lejbkowicz F, Pinchev M, Saliba W, Gronich N. Association Between ABCG2, ABCB1, ABCC2 Efflux Transporter Single-Nucleotide Variants and Irinotecan Adverse Effects in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A Real-Life Study. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 113:704-711. [PMID: 36537755 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Among patients treated with irinotecan, homozygous carriers of the UGT1A1*28 allele are at increased risk for neutropenia, but UGT1A1 genotype alone does not account for irinotecan-induced toxicity. Our aim was to study the association between single-nucleotide variants in genes encoding for efflux transporters of irinotecan (ABCG2, ABCB1, and ABCC2) and toxicity in real life. The source population was a cohort of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) in Northern Israel, who had undergone genome-wide association study. From the source population we chose the patients with CRC prescribed irinotecan, and a comparative cohort of patients with CRC treated with other anticancer systemic therapies. Using Clalit Health Services electronic medical records (including laboratory results) we ascertained hematological and gastrointestinal adverse effects and mortality, within 90 days of the first dose, as a composite outcome. There were 601 patients with CRC who received irinotecan, and 756 patients with CRC treated with other anticancer regimens. The minor allele in rs2231142 (ABCG2) was associated with lower incidence of the composite outcome (odds ratio (OR) = 0.54 (0.33, 0.91); P = 0.02) in irinotecan-treated patients with CRC, but not in patients with CRC treated with other regimens. ABCB1 rs1045642 and ABCC2 rs3740066 were not associated with the composite outcome. In a sensitivity analysis, adjusted for UGT1A1 status and for possible demographic and clinical confounders, adjusted OR was 0.56 (0.33, 0.94) for the association between rs2231142 (ABCG2) and the composite outcome. In conclusion, we describe a novel association between the minor allele of rs2231142 in the efflux transporter gene ABCG2 and protection against severe side effects in CRC patients treating with irinotecan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofra Barnett-Griness
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Flavio Lejbkowicz
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mila Pinchev
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Walid Saliba
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Naomi Gronich
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Qu W, Yao Y, Liu Y, Jo H, Zhang Q, Zhao H. Prognostic and Immunological Roles of CES2 in Breast Cancer and Potential Application of CES2-Targeted Fluorescent Probe DDAB in Breast Surgery. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:1567-1580. [PMID: 37139258 PMCID: PMC10150794 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s406835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The expression and function of CES2 in breast cancer (BRCA) has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate its clinical significance in BRCA. Patients and Methods Bioinformatics analysis tools and databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, SURVIVAL packages, STRING database, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, Gene set variation analysis (GSVA), and Tumor Immunity Estimation Resource (TIMER), were utilized to measure the expression level and clarify the clinical significance of CES2 in BRCA. In addition, we verified the expression level of CES2 in BRCA at the cellular and tissue levels by Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assays. Furthermore, DDAB is the first reported near-infrared fluorescent probe that can be used to monitor CES2 in vivo. We applied the CES2-targeted fluorescent probe DDAB in BRCA for the first time and verified its physicochemical properties and labeling sorting ability by CCK-8, cytofluorimetric imaging, flow cytometry fluorescence detection, and isolated human tumor tissue imaging assays. Results The expression of CES2 was higher in normal tissues than that in BRCA tissues. Patients with lower CES2 expression in the BRCA T4 stage had a poorer prognosis. Finally, we applied the CES2-targeted fluorescent probe DDAB in BRCA for the first time, which was demonstrated to have good cellular imaging performance with low biological toxicity in BRCA cells and ex vivo human breast tumor tissue models. Conclusion CES2 can be considered a potential biomarker to predict the prognosis of breast cancer at stage T4 and might contribute to the development of immunological treatment strategies. Meanwhile, CES2 is able to distinguish between breast normal and tumor tissues, the CES2-targeting NIR fluorescent probe DDAB may have potential for surgical applications in BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Qu
- Department of Oncology & Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
- OPO Office, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yalu Yao
- Department of Oncology & Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqian Liu
- Department of Oncology & Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - HyonSu Jo
- Department of Oncology & Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, the Hospital of Pyongyang Medical University, Pyongyang, 999093, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| | - Qianran Zhang
- Department of Oncology & Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haidong Zhao
- Department of Oncology & Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Haidong Zhao; Qianran Zhang, Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467, Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13354288881; +86 13278089966, Email ;
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Bardhi K, Coates S, Watson CJ, Lazarus P. Cannabinoids and drug metabolizing enzymes: potential for drug-drug interactions and implications for drug safety and efficacy. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:1443-1460. [DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2148655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keti Bardhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Shelby Coates
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Christy J.W. Watson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Philip Lazarus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
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10
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Involvement of esterases in the pulmonary metabolism of beclomethasone dipropionate and the potential influence of cannabis use. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Shervington LA, Ingham O. Investigating the Stability of Six Phenolic TMZ Ester Analogues, Incubated in the Presence of Porcine Liver Esterase and Monitored by HPLC. Molecules 2022; 27:2958. [PMID: 35566308 PMCID: PMC9103334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous published data from our group showed the encouraging in vitro activities of six phenolic temozolomide (TMZ) ester analogues (ES8-ES12 and ES14) with up to a five-fold increase in potency compared to TMZ against glioblastoma multiform cell lines and TMZ-resistant O6-methylguanine-DNA methyl transferase (MGMT)-positive primary cells. This study investigated the stabilities of the six phenolic TMZ ester analogues in the presence of porcine liver esterase (PLE) as a hydrolytic enzyme, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), monitored by a diode-array detector (DAD). Determining the rates of hydrolysis of the esters provided a useful insight into the feasibility of progressing them to the next phase of drug development. Fifty percent of TMZ esters consisting of para nitro, chloro, phenyl and tolyl groups (ES9, ES10, ES12 and ES14) were hydrolysed within the first 4.2 min of PLE exposure, while the TMZ esters consisting of para methoxy and nitrile groups (ES8 and ES11) demonstrated increased stability, with 50% hydrolysis achieved in 7.3 and 13.7 min, respectively. In conclusion, the survival of these phenolic TMZ esters on route to the target site of a brain tumor would be a challenge, mainly due to the undesirable rapid rate of hydrolysis. These findings therefore pose a question regarding the effectiveness of these esters in an in vivo setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leroy A. Shervington
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Oliver Ingham
- Kindeva Drug Delivery, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RB, UK;
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Wang D, Zhao T, Zhao S, Chen J, Dou T, Ge G, Wang C, Sun H, Liu K, Meng Q, Wu J. Substrate-dependent inhibition of hypericin on human carboxylesterase 2: implications for herb-drug combination. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:38-44. [PMID: 35114918 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220202093303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypericin is the main active ingredient of St. John's wort, a Chinese herb commonly used in treating depression. Previous studies have shown that hypericin can strongly inhibit human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activities; however, its potential interactions that inhibit human carboxylesterases 2 (hCE2) were unclear. PURPOSE The study aimed to investigate the inhibition of hypericin on hCE2. METHODS The inhibition of hypericin on hCE2 was studied by using N-(2-butyl-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-phenalen-6-yl)-2-chloroacetamide (NCEN). The type of inhibition of hypericin on hCE2 and the corresponding inhibition constant (Ki) value were determined. The inhibition of hypericin on hCE2 in living cells was discussed. The herb-drug interactions (HDI) risk of hypericin and hCE2 in vivo was predicted by estimating the drug concentration-time curve (AUC) ratio of hypericin and hypericin free. To understand the inhibition mechanism of hypericin on the activity of hCE2 in-depth, molecular docking was performed. RESULTS The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of hypericin against the hydrolysis of NCEN and irinotecan (CPT-11) were calculated to be 26.59 μM and 112.8 μM, respectively. Hypericin inhibited the hydrolysis of NCEN and CPT-11. Their Ki values were 10.53 μM and 81.77 μM, respectively. Moreover, hypericin distinctly suppressed hCE2 activity in living cells. In addition, the AUC of hCE2 metabolic drugs with metabolic sites similar to NCEN was estimated to increase by up to 5%, in the presence of hypericin. More importantly, the exposure of CPT-11 in the intestinal epithelium was predicted to increase by 2%-69% following the oral co-administration of hypericin. Further, molecular simulations indicated that hypericin could strongly interact with ASP98, PHE307, and ARG355 to form four hydrogen bonds within hCE2. CONCLUSION These findings are of considerable clinical significance to the combination of hypericin-containing herbs and drugs metabolized by hCE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalong Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Tongyi Dou
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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13
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Takahashi M, Hirota I, Nakano T, Kotani T, Takani D, Shiratori K, Choi Y, Haba M, Hosokawa M. Effects of steric hindrance and electron density of ester prodrugs on controlling the metabolic activation by human carboxylesterase. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 38:100391. [PMID: 33872946 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2021.100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylesterase (CES) plays an important role in the hydrolysis metabolism of ester-type drugs and prodrugs. In this study, we investigated the change in the hydrolysis rate of hCE1 by focusing on the steric hindrance of the ester structure and the electron density. For 26 kinds of synthesized indomethacin prodrugs, the hydrolytic rate was measured in the presence of human liver microsomes (HLM), human small intestine microsomes (HIM), hCE1 and hCE2. The synthesized prodrugs were classified into three types: an alkyl ester type that is specifically metabolized by hCE1, a phenyl ester type that is more easily metabolized by hCE1 than by hCE2, and a carbonate ester type that is easily metabolized by both hCE1 and hCE2. The hydrolytic rate of 1-methylpentyl (hexan-2-yl) ester was 10-times lower than that of 4-methylpentyl ester in hCE1 solution. hCE2 was susceptible to electron density of the substrate, and there was a difference in the hydrolysis rate of up to 3.5-times between p-bromophenyl ester and p-acetylphenyl ester. By changing the steric hindrance and electron density of the alkoxy group, the factors that change the hydrolysis rate by CES were elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan.
| | - Ibuki Hirota
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakano
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kotani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Kana Shiratori
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Yura Choi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Masami Haba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Hosokawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
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14
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Makhaeva GF, Lushchekina SV, Boltneva NP, Serebryakova OG, Kovaleva NV, Rudakova EV, Elkina NA, Shchegolkov EV, Burgart YV, Stupina TS, Terentiev AA, Radchenko EV, Palyulin VA, Saloutin VI, Bachurin SO, Richardson RJ. Novel potent bifunctional carboxylesterase inhibitors based on a polyfluoroalkyl-2-imino-1,3-dione scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113385. [PMID: 33831780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An expanded series of alkyl 2-arylhydrazinylidene-3-oxo-3-polyfluoroalkylpropionates (HOPs) 3 was obtained via Cu(OAc)2-catalyzed azo coupling. All were nanomolar inhibitors of carboxylesterase (CES), while moderate or weak inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Steady-state kinetics studies showed that HOPs 3 are mixed type inhibitors of the three esterases. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that two functional groups in the structure of HOPs, trifluoromethyl ketone (TFK) and ester groups, bind to the CES active site suggesting subsequent reactions: formation of a tetrahedral adduct, and a slow hydrolysis reaction. The results of molecular modeling allowed us to explain some structure-activity relationships of CES inhibition by HOPs 3: their selectivity toward CES in comparison with cholinesterases and the high selectivity of pentafluoroethyl-substituted HOP 3p to hCES1 compared to hCES2. All compounds were predicted to have good intestinal absorption and blood-brain barrier permeability, low cardiac toxicity, good lipophilicity and aqueous solubility, and reasonable overall drug-likeness. HOPs with a TFK group and electron-donor substituents in the arylhydrazone moiety were potent antioxidants. All compounds possessed low cytotoxicity and low acute toxicity. Overall, a new promising type of bifunctional CES inhibitors has been found that are able to interact with the active site of the enzyme with the participation of two functional groups. The results indicate that HOPs have the potential to be good candidates as human CES inhibitors for biomedicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina F Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Sofya V Lushchekina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Natalia P Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Olga G Serebryakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Kovaleva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Elena V Rudakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Natalia A Elkina
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Shchegolkov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | - Yanina V Burgart
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | - Tatyana S Stupina
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Alexey A Terentiev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Eugene V Radchenko
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Palyulin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Victor I Saloutin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | - Sergey O Bachurin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Rudy J Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Center of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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15
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Shi CC, Song YQ, He RJ, Guan XQ, Song LL, Chen ST, Sun MR, Ge GB, Zhang LR. Rapalogues as hCES2A Inhibitors: In Vitro and In Silico Investigations. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 46:129-139. [PMID: 33140264 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-020-00659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Rapamycin and its semi-synthetic analogues (rapalogues) are frequently used in combination with other prescribed medications in clinical settings. Although the inhibitory effects of rapalogues on cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) have been well examined, the inhibition potentials of rapalogues on human esterases have not been investigated. Herein, the inhibition potentials and inhibitory mechanisms of six marketed rapalogues on human esterases are investigated. METHODS The inhibitory effects of six marketed rapalogues (rapamycin, zotarolimus, temsirolimus, everolimus, pimecrolimus and tacrolimus) on three major esterases, including human carboxylesterases 1 (hCES1A), human carboxylesterases 2 (hCES2A) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), were assayed using isozyme-specific substrates. Inhibition kinetic analyses and docking simulations were performed to investigate the inhibitory mechanisms of the rapalogues with strong hCES2A inhibition potency. RESULTS Zotarolimus and pimecrolimus displayed strong inhibition of human hCES2A but these agents did not inhibit hCES1A or BuChE. Further investigation demonstrated that zotarolimus could strongly inhibit intracellular hCES2A in living HepG2 cells, with an estimated IC50 value of 4.09 µM. Inhibition kinetic analyses revealed that zotarolimus inhibited hCES2A-catalyzed fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis in a mixed manner, with the Ki value of 1.61 µM. Docking simulations showed that zotarolimus could tightly bind on hCES2A at two district ligand-binding sites, consistent with its mixed inhibition mode. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that several marketed rapalogues are potent and specific hCES2A inhibitors, and these agents can serve as leading compounds for the development of more efficacious hCES2A inhibitors to modulate the pharmacokinetic profiles and toxicity of hCES2A-substrate drugs (such as the anticancer agent irinotecan).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun-Qing Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Jing He
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qing Guan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Lin Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Tong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Ru Sun
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Li AP, Ho MD, Alam N, Mitchell W, Wong S, Yan Z, Kenny JR, E. C. A. Hop C. Inter-individual and inter-regional variations in enteric drug metabolizing enzyme activities: Results with cryopreserved human intestinal mucosal epithelia (CHIM) from the small intestines of 14 donors. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00645. [PMID: 32851819 PMCID: PMC7449955 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported successful isolation and cryopreservation of human intestinal mucosa (CHIM) with retention of viability and drug metabolizing enzyme activities. Here we report the results of the quantification of drug metabolizing enzyme activities in CHIM from different regions of the small intestines from 14 individual donors. CHIM were isolated from the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of 10 individuals, and from 10 consecutive 12-inch segments starting from the pyloric sphincter of human small intestines from four additional individuals. P450 and non-P450 drug metabolizing enzyme activities (CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A, UGT, SULT, FMO, MAO, AO, NAT1, and NAT2) were quantified via incubation with pathway-selective substrates. Quantifiable activities were observed for all pathways except for CYP2A6. Comparison of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum in 10 donors shows jejunum had higher activities for CYP2C9, CYP3A, UGT, SULT, MAO, and NAT1. Further definition of regional variations with CHIM from ten 12-inch segments of the proximal small intestine shows that the segments immediately after the first 12-inch segment (duodenum) had the highest activity for most of the drug metabolizing enzymes but with substantial differences among the four donors. Our overall results demonstrate that there are substantial individual differences in drug metabolizing enzymes and that jejunum, especially the regions immediately after the duodenum, had the highest drug metabolizing enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Novera Alam
- In Vitro ADMET Laboratories, Inc.ColumbiaMDUSA
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17
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Zhao C, Wu L, Luo J, Niu L, Wang C, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhao P, Zhang S, Cui J. Bt, Not a Threat to Propylea japonica. Front Physiol 2020; 11:758. [PMID: 32903558 PMCID: PMC7438476 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the ever-increasing commercial planting of transgenic plants across the world, an evaluation of their impacts on non-target organisms is as an important part of the risk assessment process. Propylea japonica is a dominant non-target predator and pollen feeder insect that is prevalent in Bt cotton fields, and it is thus in direct contact with Bt proteins. However, the effect of Bt proteins on P. japonica has not received much attention. In this study, the effects of Cry1Ac and/or Cry2Ab proteins on P. japonica were investigated from three aspects. First, no significant differences in the diversity of the microbiota nor change in species composition and community structure were observed among Cry protein treatments. Firmicutes are the most abundant bacterial phylum present in P. japonica, followed by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The most abundant genus was Staphylococcus. Second, the expression levels of the detoxification and digestion-related genes did not change significantly in any Cry protein treatment. Third, none of the Cry proteins affected the population fitness of P. japonica. These results indicated that P. japonica was not sensitive to Bt proteins, suggesting that growing Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and/or Cry2Ab will pose negligible risks to P. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linke Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Lin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuanpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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18
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Sun R, Zhu L, Li L, Song W, Gong X, Qi X, Wang Y, Ghose R, Gao S, Hu M, Liu Z. Irinotecan-mediated diarrhea is mainly correlated with intestinal exposure to SN-38: Critical role of gut Ugt. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 398:115032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Qian Y, Markowitz JS. Natural Products as Modulators of CES1 Activity. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:993-1007. [PMID: 32591414 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylesterase (CES) 1 is the predominant esterase expressed in the human liver and is capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of a wide range of therapeutic agents, toxins, and endogenous compounds. Accumulating studies have demonstrated associations between the expression and activity of CES1 and the pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics of CES1 substrate medications (e.g., methylphenidate, clopidogrel, oseltamivir). Therefore, any perturbation of CES1 by coingested xenobiotics could potentially compromise treatment. Natural products are known to alter drug disposition by modulating cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes, but this issue is less thoroughly explored with CES1. We report the results of a systematic literature search and discuss natural products as potential modulators of CES1 activity. The majority of research reports reviewed were in vitro investigations that require further confirmation through clinical study. Cannabis products (Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabinol); supplements from various plant sources containing naringenin, quercetin, luteolin, oleanolic acid, and asiatic acid; and certain traditional medicines (danshen and zhizhuwan) appear to pose the highest inhibition potential. In addition, ursolic acid, gambogic acid, and glycyrrhetic acid, if delivered intravenously, may attain high enough systemic concentrations to significantly inhibit CES1. The provision of a translational interpretation of in vitro assessments of natural product actions and interactions is limited by the dearth of basic pharmacokinetic data of the natural compounds exhibiting potent in vitro influences on CES1 activity. This is a major impediment to assigning even potential clinical significance. The modulatory effects on CES1 expression after chronic exposure to natural products warrants further investigation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Modulation of CES1 activity by natural products may alter the course of treatment and clinical outcome. In this review, we have summarized the natural products that can potentially interact with CES1 substrate medications. We have also noted the limitations of existing reports and outlined challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Qian
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John S Markowitz
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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20
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Fan Y, Mansoor N, Ahmad T, Wu ZX, Khan RA, Czejka M, Sharib S, Ahmed M, Chen ZS, Yang DH. Enzyme and Transporter Kinetics for CPT-11 (Irinotecan) and SN-38: An Insight on Tumor Tissue Compartment Pharmacokinetics Using PBPK. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2020; 14:177-186. [PMID: 30760193 DOI: 10.2174/1574892814666190212164356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computational tools are becoming more and more powerful and comprehensive as compared to past decades in facilitating pharmaceutical, pharmacological and clinical practice. Anticancer agents are used either as monotherapy or in combination therapy to treat malignant conditions of the body. A single antineoplastic agent may be used in different types of malignancies at different doses according to the stage of the disease. OBJECTIVE To study the behavior of CPT-11 (Irinotecan) and its metabolite SN-38 in tumor tissue compartment through the Whole Body-Physiologically Pharmacokinetics (WB-PBPK) and to determine the activity of metabolic enzymes and transporters participating in the disposition of CPT-11 and SN-38 working in their physiological environment inside the human body. METHODS Whole body PBPK approach is used to determine the activity of different metabolic enzymes and transporters involved in the disposition of CPT-11 and its active metabolite, SN-38. The concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of the parent compound and its metabolite administered at clinically applicable dose via the intravenous route in the tumor tissue are predicted using this approach. RESULTS The activity rate constants of metabolic enzymes and transporters of CPT-11 are derived at their natural anatomic locations. Concentration-time curves of CPT-11 and SN-38 with their 5th to 95th percentage range are achieved at the tumor tissue level. Mean tumor tissue pharmacokinetics of both compounds are determined in a population of 100 individuals. CONCLUSION Tumor tissue concentration-time curves of CPT-11 and SN-38 can be determined via PBPK modeling. Rate constants of enzymes and transporters can be shown for healthy and tumor bearing individuals. The results will throw light on the effective concentration of active compound at its target tissue at the clinically applied IV dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfang Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, NY 11439, United States
| | - Najia Mansoor
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Tasneem Ahmad
- Pharma Professional Service, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zhuo X Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, NY 11439, United States
| | - Rafeeq A Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Martin Czejka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Syed Sharib
- Pharma Professional Service, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zhe S Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, NY 11439, United States
| | - Dong H Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, NY 11439, United States
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21
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Labriet A, Lévesque É, De Mattia E, Cecchin E, Jonker D, Couture F, Simonyan D, Buonadonna A, D'Andrea M, Villeneuve L, Toffoli G, Guillemette C. Combination of germline variations associated with survival of folinic acid, fluorouracil and irinotecan-treated metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Pharmacogenomics 2019; 20:1179-1187. [PMID: 31698983 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Germline variants could modify survival of metastatic colorectal cancer patients (mCRC). Patients & methods: The association of 285 haplotype-tagging SNPs in 11 candidate genes and overall survival (OS) was tested in two cohorts totalizing 417 FOLFIRI-treated mCRC. Gene expression was investigated in vitro and in public datasets. Results: In the combined cohort, CES1 rs9921399T>C was associated with prolonged OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.40) whereas ABCC1 rs17501011G>A (HR = 2.08) and UGT1 rs1113193G>A (HR = 2.12) were associated with shorter OS (p ≤ 0.005). A combined effect of these polymorphisms was observed with HR of 1.98-2.97 (p < 0.05). The ABCC1 rs17501011A variant reduced reporter-gene activity (p < 0.05) whereas ABCC1 tumor expression was associated with shorter survival (p ≤ 0.013). Conclusion: We identified a combination of genetic determinants that could predict mCRC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Labriet
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric Lévesque
- CHU de Québec Research Center & Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Elena De Mattia
- Clinical & Experimental Pharmacology, 'Centro di Riferimento Oncologico' - National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini n. 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Erika Cecchin
- Clinical & Experimental Pharmacology, 'Centro di Riferimento Oncologico' - National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini n. 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Derek Jonker
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Félix Couture
- CHU de Québec Research Center & Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - David Simonyan
- Clinical & Evaluative Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Angela Buonadonna
- Medical Oncology Unit, 'Centro di Riferimento Oncologico'- National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini n. 2, 33081, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Mario D'Andrea
- Medical Oncology Unit, 'San Filippo Neri Hospital', Via Giovanni Martinotti, 20, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Lyne Villeneuve
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Clinical & Experimental Pharmacology, 'Centro di Riferimento Oncologico' - National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini n. 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Chantal Guillemette
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Canada Research Chair in Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
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22
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Uremic serum residue decreases SN-38 sensitivity through suppression of organic anion transporter polypeptide 2B1 in LS-180 colon cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15464. [PMID: 31664047 PMCID: PMC6820778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacokinetics of SN-38 in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is partially varied because of fluctuations in transporters expression and/or function by high protein bound-uremic toxins concentration. The fluctuations may induce variations in anticancer drugs sensitivity to cancer cells. We aimed to clarify the variations in sensitivity of SN-38 to cancer patients with ESKD and investigate this mechanism, by human colon cancer cells exposed to uremic serum residue. LS180 cells were exposed to normal or uremic serum residue (LS/NSR or LS/USR cells) for a month. IC50 values of SN-38 in LS/NSR or LS/USR cells were calculated from viability of each cells treated SN-38. mRNA expression and intracellular SN-38 accumulation was evaluated by RT-PCR and HPLC-fluorescence methods, respectively. The IC50 value in LS/USR cells was higher than that in LS/NSR cells. Organic anion transporter polypeptide (OATP) 2B1 mRNA expression was lower in LS/USR cells than in LS/NSR cells, and SN-38 accumulation in LS/USR cells was lower than that in LS/NSR cells. Only co-treatment baicalin, which is OATP2B1 inhibitor, almost negated the difference in SN-38 accumulation between LS/NSR and LS/USR. Anticancer effects of substrates of OATP2B1, such as SN-38, were reduced in ESKD patients at the same plasma substrate concentration.
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23
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Makhaeva GF, Elkina NA, Shchegolkov EV, Boltneva NP, Lushchekina SV, Serebryakova OG, Rudakova EV, Kovaleva NV, Radchenko EV, Palyulin VA, Burgart YV, Saloutin VI, Bachurin SO, Richardson RJ. Synthesis, molecular docking, and biological evaluation of 3-oxo-2-tolylhydrazinylidene-4,4,4-trifluorobutanoates bearing higher and natural alcohol moieties as new selective carboxylesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 91:103097. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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24
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Fu Y, Liao C, Cui K, Liu X, Fang W. Antitumor pharmacotherapy of colorectal cancer in kidney transplant recipients. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919876196. [PMID: 31579127 PMCID: PMC6759705 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919876196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal transplantation has become the sole most preferred therapy modality for end-stage renal disease patients. The growing tendency for renal transplants, and prolonged survival of renal recipients, have resulted in a certain number of post-transplant colorectal cancer patients. Antitumor pharmacotherapy in these patients is a dilemma. Substantial impediments such as carcinogenesis of immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs), drug interaction between ISDs and anticancer drugs, and toxicity of anticancer drugs exist. However, experience of antitumor pharmacotherapy in these patients is limited, and the potential risks and benefits have not been reviewed systematically. This review evaluates the potential impediments, summarizes current experience, and provides potential antitumor strategies, including adjuvant, palliative, and subsequent regimens. Moreover, special pharmaceutical care, such as ISDs therapeutic drug monitoring, metabolic enzymes genotype, and drug interaction, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Chengheng Liao
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kai Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Liaocheng Infectious Disease Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Qinghai provincial Peoples Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Wentong Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
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25
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Abstract
Twenty-five years ago, the cytotoxic drug irinotecan (IRT) was first approved in Japan for the treatment of cancer. For more than two decades, the IRT prodrug has largely contributed to the treatment of solid tumors worldwide. Nowadays, this camptothecin derivative targeting topoisomerase 1 remains largely used in combination regimen, like FOLFIRI and FOLFIRINOX, to treat metastatic or advanced solid tumors, such as colon, gastric and pancreatic cancers and others. This review highlights recent discoveries in the field of IRT and its derivatives, including analogues of the active metabolite SN38 (such as FL118), the recently approved liposomal form Nal-IRI and SN38-based immuno-conjugates currently in development (such as sacituzumab govitecan). New information about the IRT mechanism of action are presented, including the discovery of a new protein target, the single-stranded DNA-binding protein FUBP1. Significant progress has been made also to better understand and manage the main limiting toxicities of IRT, chiefly neutropenia and diarrhea. The role of drug-induced inflammation and dysbiosis is underlined and strategies to limit the intestinal toxicity of IRT are discussed (use of β-glucuronidase inhibitors, plant extracts, probiotics). The detailed knowledge of the metabolism of IRT has enabled the identification of potential biomarkers to guide patient selection and to limit drug-induced toxicities, but no robust IRT-specific therapeutic biomarker has been approved yet. IRT is a versatile chemotherapeutic agent which combines well with a variety of anticancer drugs. It offers a large range of drug combinations with cytotoxic agents, targeted products and immuno-active biotherapeutics, to treat a variety of advanced solid carcinoma, sarcoma and cancers with progressive central nervous system diseases. A quarter of century after its first launch, IRT remains an essential anticancer drug, largely prescribed, useful to many patients and scientifically inspiring.
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26
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Zoubková H, Tomášková A, Nohejlová K, Černá M, Šlamberová R. Prenatal Exposure to Methamphetamine: Up-Regulation of Brain Receptor Genes. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:771. [PMID: 31417344 PMCID: PMC6686742 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a widespread illicit drug. If it is taken by pregnant women, it passes through the placenta and just as it affects the mother, it can impair the development of the offspring. The aim of our study was to identify candidates to investigate for changes in the gene expression in the specific regions of the brain associated with addiction to METH in rats. We examined the various areas of the central nervous system (striatum, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex) for signs of impairment in postnatal day 80 in experimental rats, whose mothers had been administered METH (5 mg/kg/day) during the entire gestation period. Changes in the gene expression at the mRNA level were determined by two techniques, microarray and real-time PCR. Results of two microarray trials were evaluated by LIMMA analysis. The first microarray trial detected either up-regulated or down-regulated expression of 2189 genes in the striatum; the second microarray trial detected either up-regulated or down-regulated expression of 1344 genes in the hippocampus of prenatally METH-exposed rats. We examined the expression of 10 genes using the real-time PCR technique. Differences in the gene expression were counted by the Mann–Whitney U-test. Significant changes were observed in the cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript prepropeptide, tachykinin receptor 3, dopamine receptor D3 gene expression in the striatum regions, in the glucocorticoid nuclear receptor Nr3c1 gene expression in the prefrontal cortex and in the carboxylesterase 2 gene expression in the hippocampus of prenatally METH-exposed rats. The microarray technique also detected up-regulated expression of trace amine-associated receptor 7 h gene in the hippocampus of prenatally METH-exposed rats. We have identified susceptible genes; candidates for the study of an impairment related to methamphetamine addiction in the specific regions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Zoubková
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Anežka Tomášková
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kateryna Nohejlová
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marie Černá
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Romana Šlamberová
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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27
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Hahn RZ, Antunes MV, Verza SG, Perassolo MS, Suyenaga ES, Schwartsmann G, Linden R. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacogenetic Markers of Irinotecan Toxicity. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2085-2107. [PMID: 29932028 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180622141101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irinotecan (IRI) is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug, mostly used for first-line treatment of colorectal and pancreatic cancer. IRI doses are usually established based on patient's body surface area, an approach associated with large inter-individual variability in drug exposure and high incidence of severe toxicity. Toxic and therapeutic effects of IRI are also due to its active metabolite SN-38, reported to be up to 100 times more cytotoxic than IRI. SN-38 is detoxified by the formation of SN-38 glucuronide, through UGT1A1. Genetic polymorphisms in the UGT1A1 gene are associated to higher exposures to SN-38 and severe toxicity. Pharmacokinetic models to describe IRI and SN-38 kinetic profiles are available, with few studies exploring pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic-based dose individualization. The aim of this manuscript is to review the available evidence supporting pharmacogenetic and pharmacokinetic dose individualization of IRI in order to reduce the occurrence of severe toxicity during cancer treatment. METHODS The PubMed database was searched, considering papers published in the period from 1995-2017, using the keywords irinotecan, pharmacogenetics, metabolic genotyping, dose individualization, therapeutic drug monitoring, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, either alone or in combination, with original papers being selected based on the presence of relevant data. CONCLUSION The findings of this review confirm the importance of considering individual patient characteristics to select IRI doses. Currently, the most straightforward approach for IRI dose individualization is UGT1A1 genotyping. However, this strategy is sub-optimal due to several other genetic and environmental contributions to the variable pharmacokinetics of IRI and its active metabolite. The use of dried blood spot sampling could allow the clinical application of limited sampling and population pharmacokinetic models for IRI doses individualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Zilles Hahn
- Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo- RS, Brazil.,Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo- RS, Brazil
| | - Marina Venzon Antunes
- Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo- RS, Brazil.,Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo- RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Gasparin Verza
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo- RS, Brazil
| | - Magda Susana Perassolo
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo- RS, Brazil
| | - Edna Sayuri Suyenaga
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo- RS, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Linden
- Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo- RS, Brazil.,Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo- RS, Brazil
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28
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Bai LS, Zhao CX, Xu JJ, Feng C, Li YQ, Dong YL, Ma ZQ. Identification and biochemical characterization of carboxylesterase 001G associated with insecticide detoxification in Helicoverpa armigera. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 157:69-79. [PMID: 31153479 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CarEs) are a major class of detoxification enzymes involved in insecticide resistance in various insect species. In this study, a novel CarE 001G was isolated from the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera, one of the most destructive agricultural insect pests. The open reading frame of 001G has 2244 nucleotides and putatively encodes 747 amino acid residues. The deduced CarE possessed the highly conserved catalytic triads(Ser-Glu-His) and pentapeptide motifs (Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly), suggesting 001G is biologically active. The truncated 001G was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant proteins were purified and tested. The enzyme kinetic assay showed the purified proteins could catalyze two model substrates, α-naphthyl acetate and β-naphthyl acetate, with a kcat of 8.8 and 2.3 s-1, a Km of 9.6 and 16.2 μM, respectively. The inhibition study with pyrethroid, organophosphate and neonicotinoid insecticides showed different inhibition profile against the purified CarE. The HPLC assay demonstrated that the purified proteins were able to metabolize β-cypermethrin, λ-cyhalothrin and fenvalerate insecticides, exhibiting respective specific activities of 1.7, 1.4 and 0.5 nM/min/mg protein. However, the purified proteins were not able to metabolize the chlorpyrifos, parathion-methyl, paraoxon-ethyl and imidacloprid. The modeling and docking analyses consistently demonstrated that the pyrethroid molecule fits snugly into the catalytic pocket of the CarE 001G. Collectively, our results suggest that 001G may play a role in pyrethroids detoxification in H. armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sha Bai
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Cai-Xia Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chuan Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yan-Ling Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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29
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Stem cell models as an in vitro model for predictive toxicology. Biochem J 2019; 476:1149-1158. [PMID: 30988136 PMCID: PMC6463389 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are the unintended side effects of drugs. They are categorised as either predictable or unpredictable drug-induced injury and may be exhibited after a single or prolonged exposure to one or multiple compounds. Historically, toxicology studies rely heavily on animal models to understand and characterise the toxicity of novel compounds. However, animal models are imperfect proxies for human toxicity and there have been several high-profile cases of failure of animal models to predict human toxicity e.g. fialuridine, TGN1412 which highlight the need for improved predictive models of human toxicity. As a result, stem cell-derived models are under investigation as potential models for toxicity during early stages of drug development. Stem cells retain the genotype of the individual from which they were derived, offering the opportunity to model the reproducibility of rare phenotypes in vitro Differentiated 2D stem cell cultures have been investigated as models of hepato- and cardiotoxicity. However, insufficient maturity, particularly in the case of hepatocyte-like cells, means that their widespread use is not currently a feasible method to tackle the complex issues of off-target and often unpredictable toxicity of novel compounds. This review discusses the current state of the art for modelling clinically relevant toxicities, e.g. cardio- and hepatotoxicity, alongside the emerging need for modelling gastrointestinal toxicity and seeks to address whether stem cell technologies are a potential solution to increase the accuracy of ADR predictivity in humans.
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30
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Zhao YS, Ruan HL, Wang XY, Chen C, Song PF, Lü CW, Zou LW. Catalyst-free visible-light-induced condensation to synthesize bis(indolyl)methanes and biological activity evaluation of them as potent human carboxylesterase 2 inhibitors. RSC Adv 2019; 9:40168-40175. [PMID: 35541371 PMCID: PMC9076199 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08593a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A mild strategy for visible-light-induced synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes was developed using aromatic aldehydes and indole as substrates. This reaction could be performed at room temperature under catalyst- and additive-free conditions to synthesize a series of bis(indolyl)methanes in good to excellent yields. In addition, all synthesized bis(indolyl)methanes together with β-substituted indole derivatives synthesized according to our previous work, were evaluated for their inhibitory effect against human carboxylesterase (CES1 and CES2). Primary structure–activity relationship analysis of all tested compounds showed that the modifications of β-substituted indole at the β-site with another indolyl group led to a significant enhancement of the inhibitory effect on CES2, and the bisindolyl structure is essential for CES2 inhibition. These results demonstrated that these bis(indolyl)methanes are potent and selective CES2 inhibitors, which might be helpful for medicinal chemists to design and develop more potent and selective CES2 inhibitors for biomedical applications. Bis(indolyl)methanes were synthesized by a green protocol. Primary structure–activity relationship analysis showed that the bisindolyl structure is essential for CES2 inhibition.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shu Zhao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Li Ruan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Yang Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Fang Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Wei Lü
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Wei Zou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- People's Republic of China
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31
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Yu Y, Kong R, Cao H, Yin Z, Liu J, Nan X, Phan AT, Ding T, Zhao H, Wong ST. Two birds, one stone: hesperetin alleviates chemotherapy-induced diarrhea and potentiates tumor inhibition. Oncotarget 2018; 9:27958-27973. [PMID: 29963254 PMCID: PMC6021345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID), with clinical high incidence, adversely affects the efficacy of cancer treatment and patients' quality of life. Our study demonstrates that the citrus flavonoid hesperetin (Hst) has a superior potential as a new agent to prevent and alleviate CID. In the animal model for irinotecan (CPT-11) induced CID, Hst could selectively inhibit intestinal carboxylesterase (CES2) and thus reduce the local conversion of CPT-11 to cytotoxic SN-38 which causes intestinal toxicity. Oral administration of Hst manifested an excellent anti-diarrhea efficacy, prohibiting 80% of severe and 100% of mild diarrhea in the CPT-11 administered tumor-bearing mice. In addition, a significant attenuation of intestinal inflammation contributed to the anti-diarrhea effect of Hst. Moreover, Hst was found to work synergistically with CPT-11 in tumor inhibition by suppressing the tumor's STAT3 activity and recruiting tumoricidal macrophages into the tumor microenvironment. The anti-intestinal inflammation and anti-STAT3 properties of Hst would contribute its broad benefits to the management of diarrhea caused by other chemo or targeted agents, and more importantly, enhance and reinforce the anti-tumor effects of these agents, to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Yu
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Ren Kong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213001, P.R. China
| | - Huojun Cao
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - Zheng Yin
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Nan
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Alexandria T. Phan
- Cancer Treatment Centers of America at South Eastern Regional Center, Atlanta, GA, 30265, USA
| | - Tian Ding
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stephen T.C. Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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32
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Lim CS. Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Enzymatic Activity for Preclinical Applications. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su Lim
- Department of Chemistry; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 South Korea
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33
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Acceleration of carboxylesterase-mediated activation of irinotecan to SN-38 by serum from patients with end-stage kidney disease. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 81:1121-1128. [PMID: 29693202 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3583-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of irinotecan have been reported to be altered in cancer patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Carboxylesterase (CES) has an important role in metabolism of irinotecan to its active metabolite, SN-38, in human liver. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether CES activity was altered in ESKD patients. METHODS The present study investigated the effects of uremic serum, uremic toxins, and fatty acids on the hydrolysis of irinotecan and a typical CES substrate, p-nitrophenyl acetate (PNPA), in human liver microsomes. Normal and uremic serum samples were deproteinized by treatment with methanol were used in the present study. RESULTS The present study showed that both normal and uremic serum significantly inhibited CES-mediated metabolism of both irinotecan and PNPA. The inhibition by uremic serum was weaker than that by normal serum, suggesting that CES activity may be higher in ESKD patients. Although four uremic toxins did not affect PNPA metabolism, arachidonic acid inhibited it. There was no difference in inhibitory effect of PNPA metabolism between both mixtures of seven fatty acids used at concentrations equivalent to those present in 10% normal or uremic serum. Interestingly, those mixtures had a more pronounced effect than either 10% normal or uremic serum. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that the inhibition of CES activity by uremic serum was weaker than that by normal serum, suggesting that an increase in maximum plasma concentration of SN-38 in cancer patients with ESKD can be attributed to an accelerated CES-mediated irinotecan hydrolysis.
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Shaojun C, Li H, Haixin H, Guisheng L. Expression of Topoisomerase 1 and carboxylesterase 2 correlates with irinotecan treatment response in metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:153-159. [PMID: 29261002 PMCID: PMC5790385 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1414754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase 1 (TOPO-1) and carboxylesterase 2 (CES-2) are found to play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of various cancers. The prognostic role of TOPO-1 and CES-2 in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who underwent irinotecan chemotherapy was largely unknown. In the current study, we assessed the expression of TOPO-1 and CES-2 in mCRC and analyzed its potential relevance to irinotecan based therapy. A total of 98 patients with mCRC were included in this study. The expression of TOPO-1 and CES-2 in mCRC tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. For TOPO-1, 46 patients showed high expression and 52 patients showed low expression. For CES-2, 53 patients showed high expression and 45 patients showed low expression. The correlation between TOPO-1 or CES-2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of mCRC patients was analyzed. Neither TOPO-1 nor CES-2 had significant correlation with age, gender, tumor site, tumor grade and metastatic sites in mCRC patients. However, high expression of CES-2 but not TOP-1 was positively correlated with better curative effect. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test were applied to assess the correlation between progression-free survival (PFS)/overall survival (OS) and TOPO-1 or CES-2 expression in mCRC patients. High expression of TOPO-1 and CES-2 are correlated with longer PFS and OS. In summary, our findings suggest that TOPO-1 and CES-2 may play important roles irinotecan sensitivity in mCRC patients. Evaluation of expression of TOPO-1 and CES-2 may provide preliminary clinical evidence for the management of irinotecan-based therapy in mCRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shaojun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Huang Haixin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Guisheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
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Li JN, Cao YF, He RR, Ge GB, Guo B, Wu JJ. Evidence for Shikonin acting as an active inhibitor of human carboxylesterases 2: Implications for herb-drug combination. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1311-1319. [PMID: 29468758 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nan Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
- Department of Pharmacy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University; Jinzhou 121001 China
| | - Yun-Feng Cao
- Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics; Jinzhou 121001 China
- RSKT Biopharma Inc.; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University; Jinzhou 121001 China
| | - Jing-Jing Wu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
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Chen F, Zhang B, Parker RB, Laizure SC. Clinical implications of genetic variation in carboxylesterase drug metabolism. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:131-142. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1420164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert B. Parker
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - S. Casey Laizure
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Miners JO, Yang X, Knights KM, Zhang L. The Role of the Kidney in Drug Elimination: Transport, Metabolism, and the Impact of Kidney Disease on Drug Clearance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 102:436-449. [PMID: 28599065 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the identification and characterization of renal drug transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes has led to greater understanding of their roles in drug and chemical elimination and in modulation of the intrarenal exposure and response to drugs, nephrotoxic compounds, and physiological mediators. Furthermore, there is increasing awareness of the potential importance of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) arising from inhibition of renal transporters, and regulatory agencies now provide recommendations for the evaluation of transporter-mediated DDIs. Apart from the well-recognized effects of kidney disease on renal drug clearance, there is a growing body of evidence demonstrating that the nonrenal clearances of drugs eliminated by certain transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes are decreased in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Based on these observations, renal impairment guidance documents of regulatory agencies recommend pharmacokinetic characterization of both renally cleared and nonrenally cleared drugs in CKD patients to inform possible dosage adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Miners
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University School of Medicine, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - X Yang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - K M Knights
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University School of Medicine, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - L Zhang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Xin XL, Zhao XY, Huo XK, Tian XG, Sun CP, Zhang HL, Tian Y, Liu Y, Wang X. Two new protostane-type triterpenoids from Alisma orientalis. Nat Prod Res 2017. [PMID: 28649858 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1344660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Lan Xin
- College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Clinical Laboratory of Shengjing Hospital of Chinese Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Kui Huo
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiang-Ge Tian
- Basic Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hou-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Shengjing Hospital of Chinese Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Nuerosurgery, the Third People’s Hospital of Dalian, Non-directly Affliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Abstract
DDAB (6,8-dichloro-9,9-dimethyl-7-oxo-7,9-dihydroacridin-2-yl benzoate) is a newly developed near-infrared fluorescent probe for human carboxylesterase 2 (hCE2), exhibiting high specificity and good reactivity for real-time monitoring the enzymatic activities of hCE2 in complex biological systems. In order to explore the applicability of DDAB in commonly used animal species, the interspecies difference in DDAB hydrolysis was carefully investigated by using liver microsomes from human and five experimental animals including mouse, rat, dog, minipig and monkey. Metabolite profiling demonstrated that DDAB hydrolysis could be catalyzed by all tested liver microsomes from different animals but displayed significant difference in the reaction rate. Chemical inhibition assays demonstrated that carboxylesterases (CEs) were the major enzymes involved in DDAB hydrolysis in all tested liver microsomes, indicating that DDAB was a selective substrate of CEs in a variety of mammals. However, the differential effects of loperamide (LPA, a specific inhibitor against hCE2) on DDAB hydrolysis among various species were observed. The apparent kinetic parameters and the maximum intrinsic clearances (CLmax) for DDAB hydrolysis in liver microsomes from different animals were determined, and the order of CLmax values for the formation of DDAO was CyLM>MLM≈PLM>RLM>HLM≈DLM. These findings were helpful for the rational use of DDAB as an imaging tool for CE2 in different mammals, as well as for translational researches on the function of mammalian CEs and CE2-associated drug-drug interactions.
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Lu W, Rettenmeier E, Paszek M, Yueh MF, Tukey RH, Trottier J, Barbier O, Chen S. Crypt Organoid Culture as an in Vitro Model in Drug Metabolism and Cytotoxicity Studies. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:748-754. [PMID: 28468837 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.075945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is enriched with xenobiotic processing proteins that play important roles in xenobiotic bioactivation, metabolism, and detoxification. The application of genetically modified mouse models has been instrumental in characterizing the function of xenobiotic processing genes (XPG) and their proteins in drug metabolism. Here, we report the utilization of three-dimensional crypt organoid cultures from these animal models to study intestinal drug metabolism and toxicity. With the successful culturing of crypt organoids, we profiled the abundance of Phase I and Phase II XPG expression, drug transporter gene expression, and xenobiotic nuclear receptor (XNR) gene expression. Functions of XNRs were examined by treating crypt cells with XNR prototypical agonists. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that the representative downstream target genes were induced. These findings were validated from cultures developed from XNR-null mice. In crypt cultures isolated from Pxr-/- mice, pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile failed to induce Cyp3a11 gene expression; similarly, WY14643 failed to induce Cyp4a10 in the Pparα-/- crypts. Crypt cultures from control (Ugt1F/F ) and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) specific Ugt1 null mice (Ugt1ΔIEC ) were treated with camptothecin-11, an anticancer prodrug with severe intestinal toxicity that originates from insufficient UGT1A1-dependent glucuronidation of its active metabolite SN-38. In the absence of Ugt1 gene expression, Ugt1ΔIEC crypt cultures exhibit very limited production of SN-38 glucuronide, concordant with increased apoptosis in comparison with Ugt1F/F crypt cultures. This study suggests crypt organoid cultures as an effective in vitro model for studying intestinal drug metabolism and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Lu
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (W.L., E.R., M.P., M-F.Y., R.H.T., S.C.); and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU de Quebec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec (Québec), Canada (J.T., O.B.)
| | - Eva Rettenmeier
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (W.L., E.R., M.P., M-F.Y., R.H.T., S.C.); and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU de Quebec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec (Québec), Canada (J.T., O.B.)
| | - Miles Paszek
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (W.L., E.R., M.P., M-F.Y., R.H.T., S.C.); and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU de Quebec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec (Québec), Canada (J.T., O.B.)
| | - Mei-Fei Yueh
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (W.L., E.R., M.P., M-F.Y., R.H.T., S.C.); and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU de Quebec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec (Québec), Canada (J.T., O.B.)
| | - Robert H Tukey
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (W.L., E.R., M.P., M-F.Y., R.H.T., S.C.); and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU de Quebec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec (Québec), Canada (J.T., O.B.)
| | - Jocelyn Trottier
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (W.L., E.R., M.P., M-F.Y., R.H.T., S.C.); and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU de Quebec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec (Québec), Canada (J.T., O.B.)
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (W.L., E.R., M.P., M-F.Y., R.H.T., S.C.); and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU de Quebec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec (Québec), Canada (J.T., O.B.)
| | - Shujuan Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (W.L., E.R., M.P., M-F.Y., R.H.T., S.C.); and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU de Quebec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec (Québec), Canada (J.T., O.B.)
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Zhou M, Zhang RH, Wang M, Xu GB, Liao SG. Prodrugs of triterpenoids and their derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 131:222-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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42
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Cooperative inhibitory effects of uremic toxins and other serum components on OATP1B1-mediated transport of SN-38. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 79:783-789. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yao Y, Zhang P, Wang J, Chen J, Wang Y, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Xu F. Dissecting Target Toxic Tissue and Tissue Specific Responses of Irinotecan in Rats Using Metabolomics Approach. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:122. [PMID: 28344557 PMCID: PMC5344918 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As an anticancer agent, irinotecan (CPT-11) has been widely applied in clinical, especially in the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, its clinical use has long been limited by the side effects and potential tissue toxicity. To discriminate the target toxic tissues and dissect the specific response of target tissues after CPT-11 administration in rats, untargeted metabolomic study was conducted. First, differential metabolites between CPT-11 treated group and control group in each tissue were screened out. Then, based on fold changes of these differential metabolites, principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed to visualize the degree and specificity of the influences of CPT-11 on the metabolic profiles of nine tissues. Using this step-wise method, ileum, jejunum, and liver were finally recognized as target toxic tissues. Furthermore, tissue specific responses of liver, ileum, and jejunum to CPT-11 were dissected and specific differential metabolites were screened out. Perturbations in Krebs cycle, amino acid, purine and bile acid metabolism were observed in target toxic tissues. In conclusion, our study put forward a new approach to dissect target toxic tissues and tissue specific responses of CPT-11 using metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Yao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xianyang, China
| | - Jiaqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
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Lei W, Wang DD, Dou TY, Hou J, Feng L, Yin H, Luo Q, Sun J, Ge GB, Yang L. Assessment of the inhibitory effects of pyrethroids against human carboxylesterases. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 321:48-56. [PMID: 28242322 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are broad-spectrum insecticides that widely used in many countries, while humans may be exposed to these toxins by drinking or eating pesticide-contaminated foods. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of six commonly used pyrethroids against two major human carboxylesterases (CES) including CES1 and CES2. Three optical probe substrates for CES1 (DME, BMBT and DMCB) and a fluorescent probe substrate for CES2 (DDAB) were used to characterize the inhibitory effects of these pyrethroids. The results demonstrated that most of the tested pyrethroids showed moderate to weak inhibitory effects against both CES1 and CES2, but deltamethrin displayed strong inhibition towards CES1. The IC50 values of deltamethrin against CES1-mediated BMBT, DME, and DMCB hydrolysis were determined as 1.58μM, 2.39μM, and 3.3μM, respectively. Moreover, deltamethrin was cell membrane permeable and capable of inhibition endogenous CES1 in living cells. Further investigation revealed that deltamethrin inhibited CES1-mediated BMBT hydrolysis via competitive manner but noncompetitively inhibited DME or DMCB hydrolysis. The inhibition behaviors of deltamethrin against CES1 were also studied by molecular docking simulation. The results demonstrated that CES1 had at least two different ligand-binding sites, one was the DME site and another was the BMBT site which was identical to the binding site of deltamethrin. In summary, deltamethrin was a strong reversible inhibitor against CES1 and it could tightly bind on CES1 at the same ligand-binding site as BMBT. These findings are helpful for the deep understanding of the interactions between xenobiotics and CES1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 110623, China; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Tong-Yi Dou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Liang Feng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jie Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 110623, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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Hatfield MJ, Chen J, Fratt EM, Chi L, Bollinger JC, Binder RJ, Bowling J, Hyatt JL, Scarborough J, Jeffries C, Potter PM. Selective Inhibitors of Human Liver Carboxylesterase Based on a β-Lapachone Scaffold: Novel Reagents for Reaction Profiling. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1568-1579. [PMID: 28112927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CEs) are ubiquitous enzymes that are responsible for the metabolism of xenobiotics, including drugs such as irinotecan and oseltamivir. Inhibition of CEs significantly modulates the efficacy of such agents. We report here that β-lapachone is a potent, reversible CE inhibitor with Ki values in the nanomolar range. A series of amino and phenoxy analogues have been synthesized, and although the former are very poor inhibitors, the latter compounds are highly effective in modulating CE activity. Our data demonstrate that tautomerism of the amino derivatives to the imino forms likely accounts for their loss in biological activity. A series of N-methylated amino derivatives, which are unable to undergo such tautomerism, were equal in potency to the phenoxy analogues and demonstrated selectivity for the liver enzyme hCE1. These specific inhibitors, which are active in cell culture models, will be exceptionally useful reagents for reaction profiling of esterified drugs in complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jason Hatfield
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, ‡Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, ‡Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Ellie M Fratt
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, ‡Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Liying Chi
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, ‡Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - John C Bollinger
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, ‡Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Randall J Binder
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, ‡Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - John Bowling
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, ‡Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Janice L Hyatt
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, ‡Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Jerrod Scarborough
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, ‡Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Cynthia Jeffries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, ‡Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Philip M Potter
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, ‡Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
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A highly selective near-infrared fluorescent probe for carboxylesterase 2 and its bioimaging applications in living cells and animals. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 83:193-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wierdl M, Tsurkan L, Hatfield MJ, Potter PM. Tumour-selective targeting of drug metabolizing enzymes to treat metastatic cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2811-8. [PMID: 27423046 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CEs) are ubiquitous enzymes responsible for the detoxification of ester-containing xenobiotics. This hydrolysis reaction results in the formation of the corresponding carboxylic acid and alcohol. Due to their highly plastic active site, CEs can hydrolyze structurally very distinct and complex molecules. Because ester groups significantly increase the water solubility of compounds, they are frequently used in the pharmaceutical industry to make relatively insoluble compounds more bioavailable. By default, this results in CEs playing a major role in the distribution and metabolism of these esterified drugs. However, this can be exploited to selectively improve compound hydrolysis, and using specific in vivo targeting techniques can be employed to generate enhanced drug activity. Here, we seek to detail the human CEs involved in esterified molecule hydrolysis, compare and contrast these with CEs present in small mammals and describe novel methods to improve drug therapy by specific delivery of CEs to cells in vivo. Finally, we will discuss the development of such approaches for their potential application towards malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wierdl
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lyudmila Tsurkan
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - M Jason Hatfield
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Philip M Potter
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Argikar UA, Potter PM, Hutzler JM, Marathe PH. Challenges and Opportunities with Non-CYP Enzymes Aldehyde Oxidase, Carboxylesterase, and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase: Focus on Reaction Phenotyping and Prediction of Human Clearance. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:1391-1405. [PMID: 27495117 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, significant progress has been made in reducing metabolic instability due to cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation. High-throughput metabolic stability screening has enabled the advancement of compounds with little to no oxidative metabolism. Furthermore, high lipophilicity and low aqueous solubility of presently pursued chemotypes reduces the probability of renal excretion. As such, these low microsomal turnover compounds are often substrates for non-CYP-mediated metabolism. UGTs, esterases, and aldehyde oxidase are major enzymes involved in catalyzing such metabolism. Hepatocytes provide an excellent tool to identify such pathways including elucidation of major metabolites. To predict human PK parameters for P450-mediated metabolism, in vitro-in vivo extrapolation using hepatic microsomes, hepatocytes, and intestinal microsomes has been actively investigated. However, such methods have not been sufficiently evaluated for non-P450 enzymes. In addition to the involvement of the liver, extrahepatic enzymes (intestine, kidney, lung) are also likely to contribute to these pathways. While there has been considerable progress in predicting metabolic pathways and clearance primarily mediated by the liver, progress in characterizing extrahepatic metabolism and prediction of clearance has been slow. Well-characterized in vitro systems or in vivo animal models to assess drug-drug interaction potential and intersubject variability due to polymorphism are not available. Here we focus on the utility of appropriate in vitro studies to characterize non-CYP-mediated metabolism and to understand the enzymes involved followed by pharmacokinetic studies in the appropriately characterized surrogate species. The review will highlight progress made in establishing in vitro-in vivo correlation, predicting human clearance and avoiding costly clinical failures when non-CYP-mediated metabolic pathways are predominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra A Argikar
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip M Potter
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - J Matthew Hutzler
- Q2 Solutions, Bioanalytical and ADME Labs, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Punit H Marathe
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
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Ajandouz EH, Berdah S, Moutardier V, Bege T, Birnbaum DJ, Perrier J, Di Pasquale E, Maresca M. Hydrolytic Fate of 3/15-Acetyldeoxynivalenol in Humans: Specific Deacetylation by the Small Intestine and Liver Revealed Using in Vitro and ex Vivo Approaches. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8080232. [PMID: 27483321 PMCID: PMC4999848 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8080232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to deoxynivalenol (DON), acetylated derivatives, i.e., 3-acetyl and 15-acetyldexynivalenol (or 3/15ADON), are present in cereals leading to exposure to these mycotoxins. Animal and human studies suggest that 3/15ADON are converted into DON after their ingestion through hydrolysis of the acetyl moiety, the site(s) of such deacetylation being still uncharacterized. We used in vitro and ex vivo approaches to study the deacetylation of 3/15ADON by enzymes and cells/tissues present on their way from the food matrix to the blood in humans. We found that luminal deacetylation by digestive enzymes and bacteria is limited. Using human cells, tissues and S9 fractions, we were able to demonstrate that small intestine and liver possess strong deacetylation capacity compared to colon and kidneys. Interestingly, in most cases, deacetylation was more efficient for 3ADON than 15ADON. Although we initially thought that carboxylesterases (CES) could be responsible for the deacetylation of 3/15ADON, the use of pure human CES1/2 and of CES inhibitor demonstrated that CES are not involved. Taken together, our original model system allowed us to identify the small intestine and the liver as the main site of deacetylation of ingested 3/15ADON in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphane Berdah
- Aix Marseille Univ, Laboratoire de Biomécanique Appliquée, UMRT24 IFSTTAR, Faculté de médecine secteur Nord, Boulevard Pierre Dramard, F-13916 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - Vincent Moutardier
- Aix Marseille Univ, Laboratoire de Biomécanique Appliquée, UMRT24 IFSTTAR, Faculté de médecine secteur Nord, Boulevard Pierre Dramard, F-13916 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - Thierry Bege
- Aix Marseille Univ, Laboratoire de Biomécanique Appliquée, UMRT24 IFSTTAR, Faculté de médecine secteur Nord, Boulevard Pierre Dramard, F-13916 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - David Jérémie Birnbaum
- Aix Marseille Univ, Laboratoire de Biomécanique Appliquée, UMRT24 IFSTTAR, Faculté de médecine secteur Nord, Boulevard Pierre Dramard, F-13916 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - Josette Perrier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Eric Di Pasquale
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRN2M, Marseille, France & CSO@MyEnterix, Marseille, France.
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
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50
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Wang X, Wang G, Shi J, Aa J, Comas R, Liang Y, Zhu HJ. CES1 genetic variation affects the activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2016; 16:220-30. [PMID: 26076923 PMCID: PMC6329299 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2015.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) genetic variation on the activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) prodrugs. In vitro incubation study of human liver, intestine and kidney s9 fractions demonstrated that the ACEI prodrugs enalapril, ramipril, perindopril, moexipril and fosinopril are selectively activated by CES1 in the liver. The impact of CES1/CES1VAR and CES1P1/CES1P1VAR genotypes and diplotypes on CES1 expression and activity on enalapril activation was investigated in 102 normal human liver samples. Neither the genotypes nor the diplotypes affected hepatic CES1 expression and activity. Moreover, among several CES1 nonsynonymous variants studied in transfected cell lines, the G143E (rs71647871) was a loss-of-function variant for the activation of all ACEIs tested. The CES1 activity on enalapril activation in human livers with the 143G/E genotype was approximately one-third of that carrying the 143G/G. Thus, some functional CES1 genetic variants (for example, G143E) may impair ACEI activation, and consequently affect therapeutic outcomes of ACEI prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Wang
- Department of clinical, social, and administrative
sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- The Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics,
China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics,
China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of clinical, social, and administrative
sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jiye Aa
- The Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics,
China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rinelly Comas
- Department of clinical, social, and administrative
sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of clinical, social, and administrative
sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- The Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics,
China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao-Jie Zhu
- Department of clinical, social, and administrative
sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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