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Zhang X, Geng Q, Lin L, Zhang L, Shi C, Liu B, Yan L, Cao Z, Li L, Lu P, Tan Y, He X, Zhao N, Li L, Lu C. Insights gained into the injury mechanism of drug and herb induced liver injury in the hepatic microenvironment. Toxicology 2024; 507:153900. [PMID: 39079402 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) and herb Induced Liver Injury (HILI) continues to pose a substantial challenge in both clinical practice and drug development, representing a grave threat to patient well-being. This comprehensive review introduces a novel perspective on DILI and HILI by thoroughly exploring the intricate microenvironment of the liver. The dynamic interplay among hepatocytes, sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, cholangiocytes, and the intricate vascular network assumes a central role in drug metabolism and detoxification. Significantly, this microenvironment is emerging as a critical determinant of susceptibility to DILI and HILI. The review delves into the multifaceted interactions within the liver microenvironment, providing valuable insights into the complex mechanisms that underlie DILI and HILI. Furthermore, we discuss potential strategies for mitigating drug-induced liver injury by targeting these influential factors, emphasizing their clinical relevance. By highlighting recent advances and future prospects, our aim is to shed light on the promising avenue of leveraging the liver microenvironment for the prevention and mitigation of DILI and HILI. This deeper understanding is crucial for advancing clinical practices and ensuring patient safety in the realm of DILI and HILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Geng
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changqi Shi
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Yan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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2
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Petrović D, Ilić MD, Simonović D, Stojanović M, Stanković M, Stanišić S, Stojanović S, Arsić N, Sokolović DT. The role of melatonin in preventing amiodarone-induced rat liver damage. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:374-382. [PMID: 38079620 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to amiodarone, an antiarrhythmic drug, can induce different organ damage, including liver. Cell damage included by amiodarone is a consequence of mitochondrial damage, reactive oxygen species production, and cell energy depletion leading to programmed cell death. In the present study, hepatoprotective potential of neurohormone melatonin (50 mg/kg/day) was evaluated in a chronic experimental model of liver damage induced by a 4-week application of amiodarone (70 mg/kg/day). The obtained results indicate that amiodarone induces an increase in xanthine oxidase activity, as well as the content of the lipid and protein oxidatively modified products and p53 levels. Microscopic analysis further corroborated the biochemical findings revealing hepatocyte degeneration, apoptosis, and occasional necrosis, with the activation of Kupffer cells. Coadministration of melatonin and amiodaron prevented an increase in certain damage associated parameters, due to its multiple targets. In conclusion, the application of melatonin together with amiodarone prevented an increase in tissue oxidative damage parameters and moderately prevented liver cell apoptosis, indicating that the damage of hepatocytes provoked by amiodarone supersedes the protective properties of melatonin in a given dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Petrović
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation, University of Niš, Niška Banja, Niš, Serbia
| | - Marina Deljanin Ilić
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation, University of Niš, Niška Banja, Niš, Serbia
| | - Dejan Simonović
- Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation, University of Niš, Niška Banja, Niš, Serbia
| | - Milovan Stojanović
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation, University of Niš, Niška Banja, Niš, Serbia
| | - Milica Stanković
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinical Centre Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Slaviša Stanišić
- Department of Obstetrics and Gyanaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Sanja Stojanović
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation, University of Niš, Niška Banja, Niš, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Arsić
- Dom zdravlja Medveđa, Šetalište 5, 16240 Medveđa, Serbia
| | - Dušan T Sokolović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
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3
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Nunes C, Proença S, Ambrosini G, Pamies D, Thomas A, Kramer NI, Zurich MG. Integrating distribution kinetics and toxicodynamics to assess repeat dose neurotoxicity in vitro using human BrainSpheres: a case study on amiodarone. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1248882. [PMID: 37745076 PMCID: PMC10512064 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1248882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For ethical, economical, and scientific reasons, animal experimentation, used to evaluate the potential neurotoxicity of chemicals before their release in the market, needs to be replaced by new approach methodologies. To illustrate the use of new approach methodologies, the human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived 3D model BrainSpheres was acutely (48 h) or repeatedly (7 days) exposed to amiodarone (0.625-15 µM), a lipophilic antiarrhythmic drug reported to have deleterious effects on the nervous system. Neurotoxicity was assessed using transcriptomics, the immunohistochemistry of cell type-specific markers, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for various genes involved in the lipid metabolism. By integrating distribution kinetics modeling with neurotoxicity readouts, we show that the observed time- and concentration-dependent increase in the neurotoxic effects of amiodarone is driven by the cellular accumulation of amiodarone after repeated dosing. The development of a compartmental in vitro distribution kinetics model allowed us to predict the change in cell-associated concentrations in BrainSpheres with time and for different exposure scenarios. The results suggest that human cells are intrinsically more sensitive to amiodarone than rodent cells. Amiodarone-induced regulation of lipid metabolism genes was observed in brain cells for the first time. Astrocytes appeared to be the most sensitive human brain cell type in vitro. In conclusion, assessing readouts at different molecular levels after the repeat dosing of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived BrainSpheres in combination with the compartmental modeling of in vitro kinetics provides a mechanistic means to assess neurotoxicity pathways and refine chemical safety assessment for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Nunes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susana Proença
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Toxicology Division, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Giovanna Ambrosini
- Bioinformatics Competence Center, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Bioinformatics Competence Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Pamies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Thomas
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Lausanne and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nynke I. Kramer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Toxicology Division, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Zurich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Gwam C, Ohanele C, Hamby J, Chughtai N, Mufti Z, Ma X. Human placental extract: a potential therapeutic in treating osteoarthritis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:322. [PMID: 37404996 PMCID: PMC10316113 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.10.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease marked by cartilage degradation and loss of function. Recently, there have been increased efforts to attenuate and reverse OA by stimulating cartilage regeneration and preventing cartilage degradation. Human placental extract (HPE) may be an option due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and growth stimulatory properties. These properties are useful in preventing cell death and senescence, which may optimize in-situ cartilage regeneration. In this review, we discuss the anatomy and physiology of the placenta, as well as explore in vivo and in vitro studies assessing its effects on tissue regeneration. Finally, we assess the potential role of HPE in cartilage regenerative medicine and OA. The Medline database was utilized for all studies that involved the use of HPE or human placenta hydrolysate. Exclusion criteria included articles not written in English, conference reviews, editorials, letters to the editor, surveys, case reports, and case series. HPE had significant anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, HPE had a role in attenuating cellular senescence and cell apoptosis via reduction of reactive oxidative species both in vitro and in vivo. One study explored the effects of HPE in OA and demonstrated reduction in cartilage catabolic gene expression, indicating HPE's effect in attenuating OA. HPE houses favorable properties that can attenuate and reverse tissue damage. This may be a beneficial therapeutic in OA as it creates a more favorable environment for in-situ cartilage regeneration. More well designed in-vitro and in-vivo studies are needed to define the role of HPE in treating OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuweike Gwam
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Jacob Hamby
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Xue Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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5
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Huang YL, De Gregorio C, Silva V, Elorza ÁA, Léniz P, Aliaga-Tobar V, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Budini M, Ezquer F, Ezquer M. Administration of Secretome Derived from Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induces Hepatoprotective Effects in Models of Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury Caused by Amiodarone or Tamoxifen. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040636. [PMID: 36831304 PMCID: PMC9954258 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the leading causes of acute liver injury. While many factors may contribute to the susceptibility to DILI, obese patients with hepatic steatosis are particularly prone to suffer DILI. The secretome derived from mesenchymal stem cell has been shown to have hepatoprotective effects in diverse in vitro and in vivo models. In this study, we evaluate whether MSC secretome could improve DILI mediated by amiodarone (AMI) or tamoxifen (TMX). Hepatic HepG2 and HepaRG cells were incubated with AMI or TMX, alone or with the secretome of MSCs obtained from human adipose tissue. These studies demonstrate that coincubation of AMI or TMX with MSC secretome increases cell viability, prevents the activation of apoptosis pathways, and stimulates the expression of priming phase genes, leading to higher proliferation rates. As proof of concept, in a C57BL/6 mouse model of hepatic steatosis and chronic exposure to AMI, the MSC secretome was administered endovenously. In this study, liver injury was significantly attenuated, with a decrease in cell infiltration and stimulation of the regenerative response. The present results indicate that MSC secretome administration has the potential to be an adjunctive cell-free therapy to prevent liver failure derived from DILI caused by TMX or AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lin Huang
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Cristian De Gregorio
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Verónica Silva
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Álvaro A. Elorza
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Patricio Léniz
- Unidad de Cirugía Plástica, Reparadora y Estética, Clínica Alemana, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Víctor Aliaga-Tobar
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Centro de Modelamiento Molecular, Biofísica y Bioinformática (CM2B2), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 7610658, Chile
| | - Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Centro de Modelamiento Molecular, Biofísica y Bioinformática (CM2B2), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Mauricio Budini
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Correspondence: (F.E.); (M.E.); Tel.: +56-990-699-272 (F.E.); +56-976-629-880 (M.E.)
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Correspondence: (F.E.); (M.E.); Tel.: +56-990-699-272 (F.E.); +56-976-629-880 (M.E.)
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6
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Rocha JE, de Freitas TS, Xavier JC, Pereira RLS, Pereira Junior FN, Nogueira CES, Marinho MM, Bandeira PN, Rodrigues LG, Marinho ES, de Lacerda BCGV, de Andrade EM, Teixeira AMR, Dos Santos HS, Coutinho HDM. ADMET study, spectroscopic characterization and effect of synthetic nitro chalcone in combination with norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ethidium bromide against Staphylococcus aureus efflux pumps. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:163-173. [PMID: 36082507 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chalcones are present in a wide variety of plants, having in their structure two aromatic rings that are linked together by a chain composed of three carbon atoms with α, β-unsaturated to carbonyl system. Bacteria have several drug resistance mechanisms, among them the efflux pump; this mechanism, when active, is able to expel different compounds from inside bacterial cells. Several efflux pumps have already been identified for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, including MepA and NorA. Many chalcones have been isolated and identified with various activities, such as antimicrobial. In view of this, this article aimed to evaluate the antibiotic modifying effect of chalcone (E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one against S. aureus carrier of NorA and MepA efflux pump. Regarding the antibiotic, there was a synergism when associated with ciprofloxacin in SA-K2068 strain, showing this chalcone as an alternative to reverse the resistance to this medicine. The physicochemical properties calculated were fundamental in the description of the predicted pharmacokinetic properties. Despite the mutagenic risk caused by the metabolic activation of nitrochalcone, it is possible to notice a pharmacological principle in a longer half-life for the performance of biological activities. The compound has a good bioavailability, as it is highly absorbed in the intestine and easily transported by plasma proteins, in addition to not presenting neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, and cardiotoxic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína E Rocha
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Thiago S de Freitas
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Jayze C Xavier
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Raimundo L S Pereira
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brasil
| | | | - Carlos E S Nogueira
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Márcia M Marinho
- Faculdade de Educação, Ciência e Letras de Iguatu, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Iguatu, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Paulo N Bandeira
- Centro de Ciencias Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Leilane G Rodrigues
- Centro de Ciencias Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Emmanuel S Marinho
- Faculdade de Filosofia Dom Aureliano Mato, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brasil
| | | | | | - Alexandre M R Teixeira
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Hélcio S Dos Santos
- Centro de Ciencias Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Henrique D M Coutinho
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brasil
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7
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Lima JDR, Ferreira MKA, Sales KVB, da Silva AW, Marinho EM, Magalhães FEA, Marinho ES, Marinho MM, da Rocha MN, Bandeira PN, Teixeira AMR, de Menezes JESA, Dos Santos HS. Diterpene Sonderianin isolated from Croton blanchetianus exhibits acetylcholinesterase inhibitory action and anxiolytic effect in adult zebrafish ( Danio rerio) by 5-HT system. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:13625-13640. [PMID: 34696690 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1991477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Croton blanchetianus is known as 'marmeleiro preto', a very widespread shrub in Northeast Brazil. Terpenoids, steroids and phenolic compounds are among the reported secondary metabolites of the Croton genus that are a potential source of bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the anxiolytic potential of clerodine-type diterpene, sonderianin (CBWS) isolated from the stem bark of C. blanchetianus and its mechanism of action in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) (ZFa). The anticonvulsant and anti-acetylcholinesterase effects have also been explored. ZFa (n = 6/group) were treated intraperitoneally (ip; 20 µL) with CBWS (4, 12 and 40 mg/kg) and vehicle (3% DMSO; 20 µL) and subjected to locomotor activity tests, as well as toxicity acute 96 h. CBWS was also administered for analysis in the light/dark test. The involvement of the serotonergic system (5-HT) was investigated using 5-HTR1, 5-HTR2A/2C and 5-HTR3A/3B receptor antagonists. Anxiolytic doses were tested for pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure in ZFa. The inhibitory activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was measured. CBWS was not considered toxic and reduced locomotor activity. The results of the present study identified for the first time the interaction of the diterpene sonderianina in the CNS. This study provides evidence that CBWS has an anxiolytic effect mediated by serotonergic (5-HT) involvement and anti-acetylcholinesterase action. The 5-HTR1 and 5-HTR2A/2C receptors may be implicated in the low anticonvulsant effect in CBWS.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Dos Reis Lima
- State University of Ceará, Science and Technology, Graduate Program in Natural Sciences, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antônio Wlisses da Silva
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle Machado Marinho
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco Ernani Alves Magalhães
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products Bioprospecting and Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, CECITEC Campus, Tauá, CE, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- State University of Ceará, Faculty of Philosophy Dom Aureliano Matos, Limoeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Márcia Machado Marinho
- Faculty of Education, Science and Letters of Iguatu, State University of Ceará, Iguatu, CE, Brazil
| | - Matheus Nunes da Rocha
- State University of Ceará, Faculty of Philosophy Dom Aureliano Matos, Limoeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Hélcio Silva Dos Santos
- State University of Ceará, Science and Technology, Graduate Program in Natural Sciences, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.,Chemistry Course, State University of Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, CE, Brazil
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8
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Alves Borges Leal AL, Fonseca Bezerra C, Ferreira E Silva AK, Everson da Silva L, Bezerra LL, Almeida-Neto FW, Marinho EM, Celedonio Fernandes CF, Nunes da Rocha M, Marinho MM, Coutinho HDM, Barreto HM, Rafaela Freitas Dotto A, Amaral WD, Santos HSD, Lima-Neto PD, Marinho ES. Seasonal variation of the composition of essential oils from Piper cernuum Vell and Piper rivinoides Kunth, ADMET study, DFT calculations, molecular docking and dynamics studies of major components as potent inhibitors of the heterodimer methyltransferase complex NSP16-NSP10 SARS COV-2 protein. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-19. [PMID: 35943030 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2107072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has the virus that causes the SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome, which has reached a pandemic proportion, with thousands of deaths worldwide already registered. It has no standardized effective clinical treatment, arousing the urgent need for the discovery of bioactive compounds for the treatment of symptoms of COVID-19. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of seasonality on the yield and chemical composition of the essential oils of Piper cernuum and Piper rivinoides as well as to evaluate the anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential of the major components of each oil by molecular docking and quantum chemical calculation (Density Functional Theory method), being possible indicate that the winter and autumn periods, the seasons of the year where it is possible to obtain the highest percentage of Piper cernuum and Piper rivinoides oils, respectively. Regarding the anti-SARS-Cov-2 potential, the present work showed that the dihydroagarofuran present in Piper cernuum, presented a strong interaction with amino acid residues from Mpro, presenting a potential similar to Remdesivir, a drug for clinical use. Regarding methyltransferase, dihydroagarofuran (Piper cernuum) and myristicin (Piper rivinoids) showed better affinity, with important interactions at the active site of the inhibitor Sinefugin, suggesting a potential inhibitory effect of the heterodimer methyltransferase complex NSP16-NSP10 SARS Cov-2. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies represent an initial step, being indicative for future in vitro studies of dihydroagarofuran and myristicin, as possible pharmacological tools for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Linkoln Alves Borges Leal
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.,Departament of Parasitology and Microbial, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Camila Fonseca Bezerra
- Department of Antibiotics, Drug Planning and Synthesis Laboratory - LPSF, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Everson da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Sustainable Territorial Development, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucas Lima Bezerra
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry - UFC, PICI Campus, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Francisco Wagner Almeida-Neto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry - UFC, PICI Campus, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle Machado Marinho
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry - UFC, PICI Campus, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carla Freire Celedonio Fernandes
- Multi-User Laboratory for Research and Development, Antibody and Nanocorp Platform, Foundation Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Eusébio, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Matheus Nunes da Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, Group of Theoretical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, FAFIDAM Campus, State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcia Machado Marinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.,Chemistry Course, Laboratory of Natural Products and Synthesis and of Organic Compounds - LBPNSB, Betânia Campus, State University of Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Henrique D M Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Rafaela Freitas Dotto
- Postgraduate Program in Sustainable Territorial Development, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Wanderlei do Amaral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curitiba, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Hélcio Silva Dos Santos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.,Chemistry Course, Laboratory of Natural Products and Synthesis and of Organic Compounds - LBPNSB, Betânia Campus, State University of Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Pedro de Lima-Neto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry - UFC, PICI Campus, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- Department of Chemistry, Group of Theoretical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, FAFIDAM Campus, State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
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9
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Hirai T, Kasai H, Takahashi M, Uchida S, Akai N, Hanada K, Itoh T, Iwamoto T. Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Amiodarone and N-Desethylamiodarone Focusing on Glucocorticoid and Inflammation. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:948-954. [PMID: 35786602 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Some population pharmacokinetic models for amiodarone (AMD) did not incorporate N-desethylamiodarone (DEA) concentration. Glucocorticoids activate CYP3A4 activity, metabolizing AMD. In contrast, CYP3A4 activity may decrease under inflammation conditions. However, direct evidence for the role of glucocorticoid or inflammation on the pharmacokinetics of AMD and DEA is lacking. The pilot study aimed to address this gap using a population pharmacokinetic analysis of AMD and DEA. A retrospective cohort observational study in adult patients who underwent AMD treatment with trough concentration measurement was conducted at Tokyo Women's Medical University, Medical Center East from June 2015 to March 2019. Both structural models of AMD and DEA applied 1-compartment models, which included significant covariates using a stepwise forward selection and backward elimination method. The eligible 81 patients (C-reactive protein level: 0.26 [interquartile range; 0.09-1.92] mg/dL) had a total of 408 trough concentrations for both AMD and DEA. The median trough concentrations were 0.49 [0.31-0.81] µg/mL for AMD and 0.43 [0.28-0.71] µg/mL for DEA during a median follow-up period of 446 [147-1059] d. Three patients received low-dose oral glucocorticoid. The final model identified that AMD clearance was 7.9 L/h, and the apparent DEA clearance was 10.3 L/h. Co-administered glucocorticoids lowered apparent DEA clearance by 35%. These results indicate that co-administered glucocorticoids may increase DEA concentrations in patients without severe inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Hirai
- Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University
| | | | | | - Satomi Uchida
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East
| | - Naoko Akai
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East
| | - Kazuhiko Hanada
- Department of Pharmacometrics and Pharmacokinetics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
| | - Toshimasa Itoh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East
| | - Takuya Iwamoto
- Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University
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10
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Negoro R, Tasaka M, Deguchi S, Takayama K, Fujita T. Generation of HepG2 Cells with High Expression of Multiple Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes for Drug Discovery Research Using a PITCh System. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101677. [PMID: 35626714 PMCID: PMC9140068 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
HepG2 cells are an inexpensive hepatocyte model that can be used for repeated experiments, but HepG2 cells do not express major cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1 (UGT1A1). In this study, we established CYP3A4–POR–UGT1A1–CYP1A2–CYP2C19–CYP2C9–CYP2D6 (CYPs–UGT1A1) knock-in (KI)-HepG2 cells using a PITCh system to evaluate whether they could be a new hepatocyte model for pharmaceutical studies. To evaluate whether CYPs–UGT1A1 KI-HepG2 cells express and function with CYPs and UGT1A1, gene expression levels of CYPs and UGT1A1 were analyzed by using real-time PCR, and metabolites of CYPs or UGT1A1 substrates were quantified by HPLC. The expression levels of CYPs and UGT1A1 in the CYPs–UGT1A1 KI-HepG2 cells were comparable to those in primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) cultured for 48 h. The CYPs and UGT1A1 activity levels in the CYPs–UGT1A1 KI-HepG2 cells were much higher than those in the wild-type (WT)-HepG2 cells. These results suggest that the CYPs–UGT1A1 KI-HepG2 cells expressed functional CYPs and UGT1A1. We also confirmed that the CYPs–UGT1A1 KI-HepG2 cells were more sensitive to drug-induced liver toxicity than the WT-HepG2 cells. CYPs–UGT1A1 KI-HepG2 cells could be used to predict drug metabolism and drug-induced liver toxicity, and they promise to be a helpful new hepatocyte model for drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Negoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-77-599-3353
| | - Mitsuki Tasaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan;
| | - Sayaka Deguchi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (S.D.); (K.T.)
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (S.D.); (K.T.)
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutionary Medical Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Takuya Fujita
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan;
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan;
- Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
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11
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Rong X, Jiang Y, Li F, Sun-Waterhouse D, Zhao S, Guan X, Li D. Close association between the synergistic toxicity of zearalenone-deoxynivalenol combination and microRNA221-mediated PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling in HepG2 cells. Toxicology 2022; 468:153104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Synthesis, antibiotic modifying activity, ADMET study and molecular docking of chalcone (E)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one in strains of Staphylococcus aureus carrying MepA efflux pumps. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Freitas TS, Xavier JC, Pereira RLS, Rocha JE, Campina FF, de Araújo Neto JB, Silva MMC, Barbosa CRS, Marinho ES, Nogueira CES, Dos Santos HS, Coutinho HDM, Teixeira AMR. In vitro and in silico studies of chalcones derived from natural acetophenone inhibitors of NorA and MepA multidrug efflux pumps in Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105286. [PMID: 34793877 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance induced by efflux pumps is a frequent concern in clinical treatments involving multi-resistant bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism responsible for several types of infections and has several strains carrying efflux pumps, among them are the strain 1199B (NorA overexpresser), and the strain K2068 (MepA overexpresser). In this work, four chalcones derived from Croton anisodontus with modifications in the B ring in their structures were tested regarding their ability to inhibit NorA and MepA efflux pumps. The efflux pump inhibition mechanism was tested with the ethidium bromide substrate in the presence and absence of standard efflux pump inhibitors. The minimum inhibitory concentration values were also compared to those of strains that do not overexpress these efflux pumps. In order to gain some insights about the efflux pump mechanisms of these chalcones, two homology models were created (NorA and MepA) for a docking procedure. In addition, the ADME properties (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) were also evaluated. The tested chalcones promoted synergism of the norfloxacin antibiotic by inhibiting associated efflux pumps. All four tested chalcones appear to bind to the binding sites of the efflux pump models in the same fashion as other chalcones with efflux pump inhibition capabilities. It was also verified that the chalcones 1-4 are well absorbed in the intestine, but with a decrease in their bioavailability, resulting in a low volume of distribution in the blood plasma, in addition to having a mild CNS activity. However, the chalcone 3 and 4 were not toxic due to metabolic activation. Whereas the chalcones 1 and 2 present a mutagenic risk, depending on the oral dose administered. The tested chalcones have not antibacterial activity; however, they are capable of inhibiting efflux pumps for the 1199B and K2068 strains. They promoted synergism of the norfloxacin antibiotic by inhibiting associated efflux pumps, as well as other associated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago S Freitas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Jayze C Xavier
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Raimundo L S Pereira
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Janaína E Rocha
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Fábia F Campina
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - José B de Araújo Neto
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria M C Silva
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Cristina R S Barbosa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel S Marinho
- Group of Theoretical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, State University of Ceará, Campus FAFIDAM, Limoeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Carlos E S Nogueira
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil; Department of Physics, Regional University of Cariri, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Hélcio S Dos Santos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil; Center for Exact Sciences and Technology - Chemistry Course, Vale do Acaraú University, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Henrique D M Coutinho
- Group of Theoretical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, State University of Ceará, Campus FAFIDAM, Limoeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M R Teixeira
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil; Department of Physics, Regional University of Cariri, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil.
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14
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Wei H, Li AP. Permeabilized cryopreserved human hepatocytes as an exogenous metabolic system in a novelmetabolism-dependent cytotoxicity assay (MDCA) for the evaluation of metabolic activation anddetoxification of drugs associated with drug induced liver injuries: Results with acetaminophen,amiodarone, cyclophosphamide, ketoconazole, nefazodone, and troglitazone. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 50:140-149. [PMID: 34750194 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here a novel in vitro experimental system, the metabolism-dependent cytotoxicity assay (MDCA), for the definition of the roles of hepatic drug metabolism in toxicity. MDCA employs permeabilized cofactor-supplemented cryopreserved human hepatocytes (MetMax{trade mark, serif} human hepatocytes, MMHH), as an exogenous metabolic activating system, and HEK-293 cells, a cell line devoid of drug metabolizing enzyme activity, as target cells for the quantification of drug toxicity. The assay was performed in the presence and absence of cofactors for key drug metabolism pathways known to play key roles in drug toxicity: NADPH/NAD+ for phase 1 oxidation, UDPGA for UGT mediated glucuronidation, PAPS for SULT mediated sulfation, and GSH for GST mediated GSH conjugation. Six drugs with clinically significant hepatoxicity, resulting in liver failure or a need for liver transplantation: acetaminophen, amiodarone, cyclophosphamide, ketoconazole, nefazodone and troglitazone were evaluated. All six drugs exhibited cytotoxicity enhancement by NADPH, suggesting metabolic activation via phase 1 oxidation. Attenuation of cytotoxicity by UDPGA was observed for acetaminophen, ketoconazole and troglitazone, by PAPS for acetaminophen, ketoconazole and troglitazone, and by GSH for all six drugs. Our results suggest that MDCA can be applied towards the elucidation of metabolic activation and detoxification pathways, providing information that can be applied in drug development to guide structure optimization to reduce toxicity and to aid the assessment of metabolism-based risk factors for drug toxicity. GSH detoxification represents an endpoint for the identification of drugs forming cytotoxic reactive metabolites, a key property of drugs with idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. Significance Statement Application of the metabolism-dependent cytotoxicity assay (MDCA) for the elucidation of the roles of metabolic activation and detoxification pathways in drug toxicity may provide information to guide structure optimization in drug development to reduce hepatotoxic potential, and to aid the assessment of metabolism-based risk factors. GSH detoxification represents an endpoint for the identification of drugs forming cytotoxic reactive metabolites may be applied towards the evaluation of idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wei
- In Vitro ADMET Laboratories, United States
| | - Albert P Li
- In Vitro ADMET Laboratories Inc., United States
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15
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Synthesis, structural and spectroscopic characterization, in silico study, and antinociceptive effect in adult zebrafish of 2-(4-isobutylphenyl) -N'-phenylpropanohydrazide. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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16
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Cell-Permeable Succinate Rescues Mitochondrial Respiration in Cellular Models of Amiodarone Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111786. [PMID: 34769217 PMCID: PMC8583998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amiodarone is a potent antiarrhythmic drug and displays substantial liver toxicity in humans. It has previously been demonstrated that amiodarone and its metabolite (desethylamiodarone, DEA) can inhibit mitochondrial function, particularly complexes I (CI) and II (CII) of the electron transport system in various animal tissues and cell types. The present study, performed in human peripheral blood cells, and one liver-derived human cell line, is primarily aimed at assessing the concentration-dependent effects of these drugs on mitochondrial function (respiration and cellular ATP levels). Furthermore, we explore the efficacy of a novel cell-permeable succinate prodrug in alleviating the drug-induced acute mitochondrial dysfunction. Amiodarone and DEA elicit a concentration-dependent impairment of mitochondrial respiration in both intact and permeabilized platelets via the inhibition of both CI- and CII-supported respiration. The inhibitory effect seen in human platelets is also confirmed in mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and HepG2 cells. Additionally, amiodarone elicits a severe concentration-dependent ATP depletion in PBMCs, which cannot be explained solely by mitochondrial inhibition. The succinate prodrug NV118 alleviates the respiratory deficit in platelets and HepG2 cells acutely exposed to amiodarone. In conclusion, amiodarone severely inhibits metabolism in primary human mitochondria, which can be counteracted by increasing mitochondrial function using intracellular delivery of succinate.
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17
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Rocha JE, de Freitas TS, da Cunha Xavier J, Pereira RLS, Junior FNP, Nogueira CES, Marinho MM, Bandeira PN, de Oliveira MR, Marinho ES, Teixeira AMR, Dos Santos HS, Coutinho HDM. Antibacterial and antibiotic modifying activity, ADMET study and molecular docking of synthetic chalcone (E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(2,4-dimethoxy-3-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one in strains of Staphylococcus aureus carrying NorA and MepA efflux pumps. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111768. [PMID: 34058442 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of infections are caused by multi-resistant bacteria worldwide, adding up to a figure of around 700,000 deaths per year. Because of that many strategies are being developed in order to combat the resistance of microorganisms to drugs, in recent times, chalcones have been studied for this purpose. Chalcones are known as α, β-unsaturated ketones, characterized by having the presence of two aromatic rings that are joined by a three-carbon chain, they are a class of compounds considered an exceptional model due to chemical simplicity and a wide variety of biological activities, which include anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, antimicrobials, anti-tuberculosis, anti-HIV, antimalarial, anti-allergic, antifungal, antibacterial, and antileishmanial. The objective of this work was evaluate the antibacterial and antibiotic modifying activity of chalcone (E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(2,4-dimethoxy-3-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus carrying a NorA and MepA efflux pump. The results showed that chalcone was able to synergistically modulate the action of Norfloxacin and Ethidium Bromide against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus 1199B and K2068, respectively. The theoretical physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of chalcone showed that the chalcone did not present a severe risk of toxicity such as genetic mutation or cardiotoxicity, constituting a good pharmacological active ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína Esmeraldo Rocha
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Thiago Sampaio de Freitas
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jayze da Cunha Xavier
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Luiz Silva Pereira
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Emídio Sampaio Nogueira
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Márcia Machado Marinho
- Faculdade de Educação, Ciência e Letras de Iguatu, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Iguatu, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nogueira Bandeira
- Universidade Estadual do Vale do Acaraú, Centro de Ciencias Exatas e Tecnologia, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Faculdade de Filosofia Dom Aureliano Matos, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Magno Rodrigues Teixeira
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Hélcio Silva Dos Santos
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Vale do Acaraú, Centro de Ciencias Exatas e Tecnologia, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.
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18
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Alves Borges Leal AL, Teixeira da Silva P, Nunes da Rocha M, Marinho EM, Marinho ES, Marinho MM, Bandeira PN, Sampaio Nogueira CE, Barreto HM, Rodrigues Teixeira AM, Silva Dos Santos H. Potentiating activity of Norfloxacin by synthetic chalcones against NorA overproducing Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Pathog 2021; 155:104894. [PMID: 33894291 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for a series of infections occurring in both human and animal hosts. S. aureus SA1199B is a strain resistant to hydrophilic fluoroquinolone due to overproduction of the NorA efflux pump that has been used as a microbial model to evaluate if a compound act as efflux pump inhibitor. Finding substances from natural or synthetic origin able to reverse resistance mechanisms like those of efflux pumps is a challenge. The use of Chalcones and their derivatives is of great chemical and pharmacological interest, as they present a simple structure and several pharmacological activities. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial potential of 4 synthetic chalcones, as well as to evaluate their action in the modulation of Norfloxacin resistance against the strain SA1199B strain. Microdilution assays were performed for evaluation of the antimicrobial activity. For evaluation of the modulating effect on resistance to Norfloxacin or EtBr, MIC values of these compounds were determined in the absence or presence of subinhibitory concentrations used of each chalcone. MICs values of both Norfloxacin and EtBr were significantly reduced in the presence of all tested chalcones, indicating that inhibition of the active efflux of these compounds by NorA could be a possible mechanism of action of the chalcones. These results show that the compounds studied have a high potential as a NorA inhibitor, with the best modulating effect verified for the compound 3. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity predictive studies indicated a high intestinal absorption and good volume of distribution for chalcones by oral administration, activity in the central nervous system and ease to be transported between biological membranes. Emphasizing that analogs 1 and 4 were easily metabolized by CYP3A4 enzyme, constituting a pharmacological active ingredient without toxic risk due to metabolic activation. These chalcones combined with Norfloxacin could be a promise technological strategy to be applied in the treatment of infections caused by S. aureus overproducing NorA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Linkoln Alves Borges Leal
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Parasitology and Microbiology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Nunes da Rocha
- Group of Theoretical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Ceará State University, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle Machado Marinho
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- Group of Theoretical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Ceará State University, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Márcia Machado Marinho
- Faculty of Education, Science and Letters of Iguatu, Ceará State University, Iguatu, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Hélcio Silva Dos Santos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Vale do Acaraú State University, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.
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19
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Algharably EAEH, Di Consiglio E, Testai E, Kreutz R, Gundert-Remy U. Prediction of the dose range for adverse neurological effects of amiodarone in patients from an in vitro toxicity test by in vitro-in vivo extrapolation. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1433-1442. [PMID: 33606068 PMCID: PMC8032623 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-02989-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic agent inducing adverse effects on the nervous system, among others. We applied physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling combined with benchmark dose modeling to predict, based on published in vitro data, the in vivo dose of amiodarone which may lead to adverse neurological effects in patients. We performed in vitro–in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) from concentrations measured in the cell lysate of a rat brain 3D cell model using a validated human PBPK model. Among the observed in vitro effects, inhibition of choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) was selected as a marker for neurotoxicity. By reverse dosimetry, we transformed the in vitro concentration–effect relationship into in vivo effective human doses, using the calculated in vitro area under the curve (AUC) of amiodarone as the pharmacokinetic metric. The upper benchmark dose (BMDU) was calculated and compared with clinical doses eliciting neurological adverse effects in patients. The AUCs in the in vitro brain cell culture after 14-day repeated dosing of nominal concentration equal to 1.25 and 2.5 µM amiodarone were 1.00 and 1.99 µg*h/mL, respectively. The BMDU was 385.4 mg for intravenous converted to 593 mg for oral application using the bioavailability factor of 0.65 as reported in the literature. The predicted dose compares well with neurotoxic doses in patients supporting the hypothesis that impaired ChAT activity may be related to the molecular/cellular mechanisms of amiodarone neurotoxicity. Our study shows that predicting effects from in vitro data together with IVIVE can be used at the initial stage for the evaluation of potential adverse drug reactions and safety assessment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engi Abd El-Hady Algharably
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Emma Di Consiglio
- Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Environment and Health Department, Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Testai
- Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Environment and Health Department, Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Gundert-Remy
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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20
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The Safety of The Directly Acting Antiviral Treatment For Hepatitis C Virus According To The Egyptian National Program Protocol In Patients With Midrange Ejection Fraction. Glob Heart 2021; 16:3. [PMID: 33598383 PMCID: PMC7792459 DOI: 10.5334/gh.906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Egyptian National Committee of Viral Hepatitis program is the leading national hepatitis C virus (HCV) management program globally. However, limited data is available about the effect of the new directly acting antiviral agents on the cardiovascular system. Objectives Our study aimed to assess the safety of the relatively new directly acting antiviral agents approved by the National Health Committee in Egypt to treat patients infected with hepatitis C virus who have midrange left ventricular ejection fraction. Methods This multicenter study included 400 successive patients with an ejection fraction (40-49%) from May 2017 to December 2019. We classified them into two groups: Group I (Child A), who received Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir for twelve weeks, and Group II (Child B), who received Sofosbuvir, Daclatasvir, and Ribavirin for twelve weeks. Patients were evaluated for their symptoms, ejection fraction, brain natriuretic peptide, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance levels, and Holter monitoring (just before the start of treatment and within three days after completing therapy). Results We found New York Heart Association Class, ejection fraction, brain natriuretic peptide, premature ventricular contractions burden, as well as highest and lowest heart rate did not show a statistically significant difference in both groups after treatment. The treatment did not cause bradycardia or non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. Fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin levels declined, with improved insulin resistance after treatment in both groups. Both low and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased after treatment in Group II. Conclusions Both regimens of directly acting antiviral agents used in Egypt to treat chronic hepatitis C virus infection are safe in patients with New York Heart Association Class I and II with midrange left ventricular ejection fraction (40-49%). There are beneficial metabolic changes following HCV clearance as an improvement of insulin resistance.
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21
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Pedro L, Rudewicz PJ. Analysis of Live Single Cells by Confocal Microscopy and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry to Study Drug Uptake, Metabolism, and Drug-Induced Phospholipidosis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:16005-16015. [PMID: 33280372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of large numbers of cells from a population results in information that does not reflect differences in cell phenotypes. Individual variations in cellular drug uptake, metabolism, and response to drug treatment may have profound effects on cellular survival and lead to the development of certain disease states, drug persistence, and resistance. Herein, we present a method that combines live cell confocal microscopy imaging with high-resolution mass spectrometry to achieve absolute cell quantification of the drug amiodarone (AMIO) and its major metabolite, N-desethylamiodarone (NDEA), in single liver cells (HepG2 and HepaRG cells). The method uses a prototype system that integrates a confocal microscope with an XYZ stage robot to image and automatically sample selected cells from a sample compartment, which is kept under growth conditions, with nanospray tips. Besides obtaining the distributions of AMIO and NDEA cell concentrations across a population of individual cells, as well as variabilities in drug metabolism, the effect of these on phospholipidosis and cell morphology was studied. The method was suited to identify subpopulations of cells that metabolized less drug and to correlate cell drug concentrations with cell phospholipid content, cell volume, sphericity, and other cell phenotypic features. Using principal component analysis (PCA), the treated cells could be clearly distinguished from vehicle control cells (0 μM AMIO) and HepaRG cells from HepG2 cells. The potential of using multidimensional and multimodal information collected from single cells to build predictive models for cell classification is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Pedro
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Patrick J Rudewicz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
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22
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van der Mark VA, Adam AAA, Chang JC, Oude Elferink RP, Chamuleau RAFM, Hoekstra R. Overexpression of the constitutive androstane receptor and shaken 3D-culturing increase biotransformation and oxidative phosphorylation and sensitivity to mitochondrial amiodarone toxicity of HepaRG cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 399:115055. [PMID: 32428594 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver cell line HepaRG is one of the preferred sources of human hepatocytes for in vitro applications. However, mitochondrial energy metabolism is relatively low, which affects hepatic functionality and sensitivity to hepatotoxins. Culturing in a bioartificial liver (BAL) system with high oxygen, medium perfusion, low substrate stiffness, and 3D conformation increases HepaRG functionality and mitochondrial activity compared to conventional monolayer culturing. In addition, drug metabolism has been improved by overexpression of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), a regulator of drug and energy metabolism in the new HepaRG-CAR line. Here, we investigated the effect of BAL culturing on the HepaRG-CAR line by applying a simple and downscaled BAL culture procedure based on shaking 3D cultures, named Bal-in-a-dish (BALIAD). We compared monolayer and BALIAD cultures of HepaRG and HepaRG-CAR cells. CAR overexpression and BALIAD culturing synergistically or additively increased transcript levels of CAR and three of the seven tested CAR target genes in biotransformation. Additionally, Cytochrome P450 3A4 activity was 35-fold increased. The mitochondrial energy metabolism was enhanced; lactate production and glucose consumption switched into lactate elimination and glucose production. BALIAD culturing alone reduced glycogen content and increased oxygen consumption and mitochondrial content. Both CAR overexpression and BALIAD culturing decreased mitochondrial superoxide levels. HepaRG-CAR BALIADs were most sensitive to mitochondrial toxicity induced by the hepatotoxin amiodarone, as indicated by oxygen consumption and mitochondrial superoxide accumulation. These data show that BALIAD culturing of HepaRG-CAR cells induces high mitochondrial energy metabolism and xenobiotic metabolism, increasing its potential for drug toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A van der Mark
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aziza A A Adam
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jung-Chin Chang
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Ronald P Oude Elferink
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Robert A F M Chamuleau
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Ruurdtje Hoekstra
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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23
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Wei J, Lei D, Chen M, Ran P, Li X. Engineering HepG2 spheroids with injectable fiber fragments as predictable models for drug metabolism and tumor infiltration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:3331-3344. [PMID: 32627303 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In vitro cell and tissue models are playing essential roles in the identification of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Though HepG2 cells have attractive profiles over primary hepatocytes in the availability and viability retention, the expression of metabolizing enzymes is quite low. In the current study, three-dimensional (3D) HepG2 spheroids with smaller sizes of 150 μm (3Ds) and bigger sizes of 300 μm (3Db) are engineered using injectable fiber fragments as the substrate. In contrast to two-dimensional (2D) culture, the enzyme activities for drug metabolisms are restored in 3Ds and the pathophysiological profiles of tumor tissues are rebuilt in 3Db spheroids. Compared with spheroid culture without fiber fragments, 3Ds spheroids show higher activities of metabolizing enzymes (CYP3A4, CYP2A9, and phase II) and higher sensitivities to enzyme inducers (rifampicin and glutathione) and inhibitors (ketoconazole and probenecid). The drug clearance and toxicity to 3Ds spheroids predict better the clinical observations and drug-drug interactions. In addition, compared to scaffold-free spheroid culture, stronger expressions of E-cadherin and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and higher fibronectin secretions are determined in 3Db spheroids, displaying apparent hypoxic and apoptotic regions similar to those found in solid tumors. In contrast to the overestimated drug toxicity in other systems, the infiltrations of free drug and drug-loaded micelles are apparently restricted in 3Db spheroids, exhibiting drug resistance just like in tumor tissues. Thus, this study demonstrates HepG2 spheroids with different sizes as predictable and physiologically relevant models for high-throughput screening of drug metabolism and tumor infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Lei
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Maohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Pan Ran
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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24
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Kim G, Choi HK, Lee H, Moon KS, Oh JH, Lee J, Shin JG, Kim DH. Increased hepatic acylcarnitines after oral administration of amiodarone in rats. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1004-1013. [PMID: 32084307 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amiodarone is known to induce hepatic injury in some recipients. We applied an untargeted metabolomics approach to identify endogenous metabolites with potential as biomarkers for amiodarone-induced liver injury. Oral amiodarone administration for 1 week in rats resulted in significant elevation of acylcarnitines and phospholipids in the liver. Hepatic short- and medium-chain acylcarnitines were dramatically increased in a dose-dependent manner, while the serum levels of these acylcarnitines did not change substantially. In addition, glucose levels were significantly increased in both the serum and liver. Gene expression profiling showed that the hepatic mRNA levels of Cpt1, Cpt2, and Acat1 were significantly suppressed, whereas those of Acot1, Acly, Acss2, and Acsl3 were increased. These results suggest that hepatic acylcarnitines and glucose levels might be increased due to disruption of mitochondrial function and suppression of glucose metabolism. Perturbation of energy metabolism might be associated with amiodarone-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | | | - Hwanhui Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Jung Hwa Oh
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jaeick Lee
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Gook Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
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25
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Abstract
Given the liver's role in drug metabolism, it is uniquely sensitive to potential drug-induced liver injury (DILI) despite inherent protective mechanisms. In this article, we focus on the most common causes of DILI and their patterns of injury. Although not comprehensive, we attempt to cover several classes of commonly used drugs, and their associated patterns of injury and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard K-7, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Deepak Venkat
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard K-7, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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26
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Li AL, Gao SS, Guo ML, Jing CQ. CYP3A4 and microRNA-122 are involved in the apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by ILs 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 34:e22419. [PMID: 31702098 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) as green alternatives for volatile organic solvents are increasingly used in commercial applications. It is necessary to explore the cytotoxic mechanism of ILs to reduce the risk to human health. For this purpose, cell viability, apoptosis, cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2), and microRNA-122 (miR-122) gene expression in HepG2 cells was evaluated after IL exposure. The results showed that ILs reduced the viability of HepG2 cells through apoptotic cell death. Moreover, ILs markedly upregulated the transcription and protein levels of CYP3A4, but did not affect the expression of GLUT2 in either messenger RNA level or protein level. Finally, ILs increased the expression of miR-122 and inhibition of miR-122 with miR-122 inhibitor blocked ILs-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. This finding may contribute to an increased understanding of the in vitro molecular toxicity mechanism of ILs to further understand IL-related human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ling Li
- Life Science and Food Engineering College, Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan-Shan Gao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Meng-Long Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Chang-Qin Jing
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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27
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Bulutoglu B, Mert S, Rey-Bedón C, Deng SL, Yarmush ML, Usta OB. Rapid maturation of the hepatic cell line Huh7 via CDK inhibition for PXR dependent CYP450 metabolism and induction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15848. [PMID: 31676845 PMCID: PMC6825149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52174-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP3A4, a cytochrome P450 enzyme regulated by the nuclear receptor PXR, is involved in most of the drug metabolizing pathways. Studying the regulation/induction of CYP3A4 and PXR is critical in toxicology and drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies. Primary human hepatocytes constitute the preferred in vitro platform for drug development efforts. However, they are expensive, scarce and heterogeneous. Hepatic cell lines, such as Huh7, could provide a cost-effective alternative, however, they express negligible amounts of CYP450s and PXR. In this study, we show that dinaciclib, a potent cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, significantly increases the basal CYP3A4 and PXR levels in 24 hours. We also demonstrated that matured Huh7s can be used for drug induction studies, where CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 inductions were achieved following rifampicin treatment. More importantly, through a direct demonstration using amiodarone and rifampicin as model drugs, we showed that matured Huh7s present a suitable platform for DDI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Bulutoglu
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Safak Mert
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Camilo Rey-Bedón
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sarah L Deng
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - O Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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28
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Krisai P, Rudin D, Grünig D, Scherer K, Pichler W, Terracciano L, Krähenbühl S. Acute Liver Failure in a Patient Treated With Metamizole. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:996. [PMID: 31572180 PMCID: PMC6749849 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on a patient who developed acute liver failure while being treated with metamizole. After liver transplantation, the patient recovered rapidly. Liver biopsy showed massive necrosis and lobular infiltration of lymphocytes. A lymphocyte transformation test performed 20 months after transplantation was positive for metamizole. In vitro investigations with N-methyl-4-aminoantipyrine (MAA) and 4-aminoantipyrine (AA), the two active metabolites of metamizole, did not reveal relevant toxicity in HepG2 and HepaRG cells. The demonstration of activated lymphocytes by the lymphocyte transformation test and the absence of relevant cytotoxicity by MAA and AA in hepatocyte cell lines suggest an immunological mechanism of metamizole-associated hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Krisai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Rudin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Grünig
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Scherer
- Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Luigi Terracciano
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Gareri P, Cerra RP, Greco L, Falbo T, Torchia C, Coppolino G, Castagna A, Ruotolo G. Parenteral amiodarone-induced hepatoxicity: when being earnest is an added value. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2019. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.18.03868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Comparison of three human liver cell lines for in vitro drug-induced liver injury assessment: Huh7, HepaRG, and stem cell-derived hepatocytes. Mol Cell Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-019-0031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Generation of Human iPSC-Derived Intestinal Epithelial Cell Monolayers by CDX2 Transduction. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 8:513-526. [PMID: 31228606 PMCID: PMC6722387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To develop an effective and safe orally administered drug, it is important to predict its intestinal absorption rate, intestinal first-pass effect, and drug-drug interactions of orally administered drugs. However, there is no existing model to comprehensively predict the intestinal pharmacokinetics and drug-response of orally administered drugs. In this study, we attempted to generate homogenous and functional intestinal epithelial cells from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells for pharmaceutical research. METHODS We generated almost-homogenous Villin- and zonula occludens-1 (ZO1)-positive intestinal epithelial cells by caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) transduction into human iPS cell-derived intestinal progenitor cells. RESULTS The drug absorption rates in human iPS cell-derived intestinal epithelial cell monolayers (iPS-IECM) were highly correlated with those in humans (R2=0.91). The expression levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, a dominant drug-metabolizing enzyme in the small intestine, in human iPS-IECM were similar to those in human small intestine in vivo. In addition, intestinal availability in human iPS-IECM (the fraction passing the gut wall: Fg=0.73) was more similar to that in the human small intestine in vivo (Fg=0.57) than to that in Caco-2 cells (Fg=0.99), a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line. Moreover, the drug-drug interaction and drug-food interaction could be observed by using our human iPS-IECM in the presence of an inducer and inhibitor of CYP3A4, i.e., rifampicin and grape fruit juice, respectively. CONCLUSION Taking these results together, we succeeded in generating the human iPS-IECM that can be applied to various intestinal pharmacokinetics and drug-response tests of orally administered drugs.
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32
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Cardiac Toxicity Associated with HCV Direct Antiviral Agents. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2018; 10:e2018069. [PMID: 30416701 PMCID: PMC6223545 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2018.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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33
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Bruckner DM, Connerney JJ, Dordick JS. Advancing in vitro
- in vivo
toxicity correlations via high-throughput three-dimensional primary hepatocyte culture. AIChE J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan M. Bruckner
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy NY, 12180
| | | | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy NY, 12180
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34
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Jiang LL, Jiang Y, Zhao DS, Fan YX, Yu Q, Li P, Li HJ. CYP3A Activation and Glutathione Depletion Aggravate Emodin-Induced Liver Injury. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:1052-1060. [PMID: 30203651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
1,3,8-Trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone (emodin), a widely existing natural product in herbal medicines, has been reported to be hepatotoxic, but the exact underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the role of CYP3A and glutathione (GSH) in emodin-induced liver injury. Primary human hepatocytes were exposed to emodin with and without addition of CYP3A inducer/inhibitor and GSH synthesis inhibitor. It was found that emodin-mediated cytotoxicity increased when CYP3A was activated and GSH was depleted. Hepatotoxicity induced by emodin in rats by activation/inhibition of CYP3A and depletion of GSH was further investigated. Administration of emodin in combination with l-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or dexamethasone (DEX) resulted in aggravated liver injury, whereas pretreatment with ketoconazole (KTZ) suppressed the side effects caused by emodin. In addition, plasma exposure of emodin and its glucuronide metabolite were measured by ultraperformance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Emodin and its glucuronide were lower in BSO-, DEX-, and KTZ- co-treated rats compared with those administered with emodin alone. In conclusion, these mentioned results suggested that CYP3A induction and GSH depletion might be involved in hepatotoxicity induced by emodin. This study may help to understand the risk factors and the mechanism of hepatotoxicity of emodin in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing , China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Ya-Xi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Qiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
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35
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Li ZQ, Jiang LL, Zhao DS, Zhou J, Wang LL, Wu ZT, Zheng X, Shi ZQ, Li P, Li HJ. The Modulatory Role of CYP3A4 in Dictamnine-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1033. [PMID: 30283337 PMCID: PMC6156363 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dictamni Cortex (DC) has been reported to be associated with acute hepatitis in clinic and may lead to a selective sub-chronic hepatotoxicity in rats. Nevertheless, the potent toxic ingredient and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. Dictamnine (DTN), the main alkaloid from DC, possesses a furan ring which was suspected of being responsible for hepatotoxicity via metabolic activation primarily by CYP3A4. Herein, the present study aimed to evaluate the role of CYP3A4 in DTN-induced liver injury. The in vitro results showed that the EC50 values in primary human hepatocytes (PHH), L02, HepG2 and NIH3T3 cells were correlated with the CYP3A4 expression levels in corresponding cells. Furthermore, the toxicity was increased in CYP3A4-induced PHH by rifampicin, and CYP3A4 over-expressed (OE) HepG2 and L02 cells. Contrarily, the cytotoxicity was decreased in CYP3A4-inhibited PHH and CYP3A4 OE HepG2 and L02 cells inhibited by ketoconazole (KTZ). In addition, the hepatotoxicity of DTN in enzyme induction/inhibition mice was further investigated in the aspects of biochemistry, histopathology, and pharmacokinetics. Administration of DTN in combination with KTZ resulted in attenuated liver injury, including lower alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase activities and greater AUC and Cmax of serum DTN, whereas, pretreatment with dexamethasone aggravated the injury. Collectively, our findings illustrated that DTN-induced hepatotoxicity correlated well with the expression of CYP3A4, namely inhibition of CYP3A4 alleviated the toxicity both in vitro and in vivo, and induction aggravated the toxicity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Tian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Qi Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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36
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Kamalian L, Douglas O, Jolly CE, Snoeys J, Simic D, Monshouwer M, Williams DP, Kevin Park B, Chadwick AE. The utility of HepaRG cells for bioenergetic investigation and detection of drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 53:136-147. [PMID: 30096366 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The importance of mitochondrial toxicity in drug-induced liver injury is well established. The bioenergetic phenotype of the HepaRG cell line was defined in order to assess their suitability as a model of mitochondrial hepatotoxicity. Bioenergetic phenotyping categorised the HepaRG cells as less metabolically active when measured beside the more energetic HepG2 cells. However, inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthase induced an increase in glycolytic activity of both HepaRG and HepG2 cells suggesting an active Crabtree Effect in both cell lines. The suitability of HepaRG cells for the acute metabolic modification assay as a screen for mitotoxicity was confirmed using a panel of compounds, including both positive and negative mitotoxic compounds. Seahorse respirometry studies demonstrated that a statistically significant decrease in spare respiratory capacity is the first indication of mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, based upon comparing changes in respiratory parameters to those of the positive controls, rotenone and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone, compounds were categorised into two mechanistic groups; inhibitors or uncouplers of the electron transport chain. Overall, the findings from this study have demonstrated that HepaRG cells, despite having different resting bioenergetic phenotype to HepG2 cells are a suitable model to detect drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity with similar detection rates to HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Kamalian
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, The Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom.
| | - Oisin Douglas
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, The Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Carol E Jolly
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, The Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom.
| | - Jan Snoeys
- Pharmacokinetics Dynamics and Metabolism, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Damir Simic
- Mechanistic and Investigative Toxicology, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA.
| | - Mario Monshouwer
- Pharmacokinetics Dynamics and Metabolism, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Dominic P Williams
- Innovative Medicines and Early Development
- Drug Safety and Metabolism
- Translational Safety, Darwin Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Rd, Cambridge, CB4 0FZ, United Kingdom.
| | - B Kevin Park
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, The Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom.
| | - Amy E Chadwick
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, The Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom.
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37
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Shin DS, Seo H, Yang JY, Joo J, Im SH, Kim SS, Kim SK, Bae MA. Quantitative Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibition and Hepatotoxicity in HepaRG 3-D Spheroids. Int J Toxicol 2018; 37:393-403. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581818780149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Predicting drug–drug interactions (DDIs) is an important step during drug development to avoid unexpected side effects. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 is the most abundant human hepatic phase I enzyme, which metabolizes >50% of therapeutic drugs. Therefore, it is essential to test the potential of a drug candidate to induce CYP3A4 expression or inhibit its activity. Recently, 3-dimensional (3-D) mammalian cell culture models have been adopted in drug discovery research to assess toxicity, DDIs, and pharmacokinetics. In this study, we applied a human 3-D spheroid culture protocol using HepaRG cells combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to assess its ability to predict CYP3A4 inhibition. Levels of midazolam, a specific substrate of CYP3A4, were used to determine the long-term metabolic capacity of CYP3A4. Midazolam was decreased in the 3-D HepaRG culture system by ∼80% over 7 days, whereas its primary metabolite, 1-hydroxymidazolam, increased by ∼40%. Next, we assessed hepatotoxicity by determining the cytotoxicity of known hepatotoxicants in HepaRG spheroids, HepG2 cells, and primary human hepatocytes. Significant differences in cytotoxicity were detected in the system using 3-D HepaRG spheroids. These results suggest that 3-D HepaRG spheroids are a good model for prediction of CYP inhibition and hepatotoxicity in screening of early drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Seop Shin
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Seo
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Yang
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeongmin Joo
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - So Hee Im
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seong Soon Kim
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
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38
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Jeong ES, Kim G, Yim D, Moon KS, Lee SJ, Shin JG, Kim DH. Identification and characterization of amiodarone metabolites in rats using UPLC-ESI-QTOFMS-based untargeted metabolomics approach. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:481-492. [PMID: 29641932 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1460783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Amiodarone is a class III anti-arrhythmic benzofuran derivative extensively utilized in treatment of life-threatening ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. However, amiodarone also produces adverse side effects including liver injury due to its metabolites rather than parent drug. The purpose of the present study was to identify metabolites of amiodarone in the plasma and urine of rats administered the drug by using an untargeted metabolomics approach. Drug metabolites were profiled by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linked electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOFMS) and results subjected to multivariate data analysis. A total of 49 amiodarone metabolites were identified and their structures were characterized by tandem mass spectrometry. Amiodarone metabolites are presumed to be generated via five major types of metabolic reactions including N-desethylation, hydroxylation, carboxylation (oxo/hydroxylation), de-iodination, and glucuronidation. Data demonstrated that an untargeted metabolomics approach appeared to be a reliable tool for identifying unknown metabolites in a complex biological matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sook Jeong
- a Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center , Inje University College of Medicine , Busan , Korea
| | - Gabin Kim
- a Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center , Inje University College of Medicine , Busan , Korea
| | - Daeun Yim
- a Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center , Inje University College of Medicine , Busan , Korea
| | - Kyung-Sik Moon
- b Korea Institute of Toxicology , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon , Korea
| | - Su-Jun Lee
- a Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center , Inje University College of Medicine , Busan , Korea
| | - Jae-Gook Shin
- a Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center , Inje University College of Medicine , Busan , Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- a Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center , Inje University College of Medicine , Busan , Korea
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Battista C, Howell BA, Siler SQ, Watkins PB. An Introduction to DILIsym® Software, a Mechanistic Mathematical Representation of Drug-Induced Liver Injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7677-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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40
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Satoh D, Abe S, Kobayashi K, Nakajima Y, Oshimura M, Kazuki Y. Human and mouse artificial chromosome technologies for studies of pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 33:17-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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41
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Yamato M, Wada K, Hayashi T, Fujimoto M, Hosomi K, Oita A, Takada M. Association between Serum Amiodarone and N-Desethylamiodarone Concentrations and Development of Thyroid Dysfunction. Clin Drug Investig 2017; 38:39-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s40261-017-0582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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42
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Satoh D, Iwado S, Abe S, Kazuki K, Wakuri S, Oshimura M, Kazuki Y. Establishment of a novel hepatocyte model that expresses four cytochrome P450 genes stably via mammalian-derived artificial chromosome for pharmacokinetics and toxicity studies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187072. [PMID: 29065189 PMCID: PMC5655360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The utility of HepG2 cells to assess drug metabolism and toxicity induced by chemical compounds is hampered by their low cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities. To overcome this limitation, we established HepG2 cell lines expressing major CYP enzymes involved in drug metabolism (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4) and CYP oxidoreductase (POR) using the mammalian-derived artificial chromosome vector. Transchromosomic HepG2 (TC-HepG2) cells expressing four CYPs and POR were used to determine time- and concentration-dependent inhibition and toxicity of several compounds by luminescence detection of CYP-specific substrates and cell viability assays. Gene expression levels of all four CYPs and POR, as well as the CYP activities, were higher in TC-HepG2 clones than in parental HepG2 cells. Additionally, the activity levels of all CYPs were reduced in a concentration-dependent manner by specific CYP inhibitors. Furthermore, preincubation of TC-HepG2 cells with CYP inhibitors known as time-dependent inhibitors (TDI) prior to the addition of CYP-specific substrates determined that CYP inhibition was enhanced in the TDI group than in the non-TDI group. Finally, the IC50 of bioactivable compound aflatoxin B1 was lower in TC-HepG2 cells than in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, the TC-HepG2 cells characterized in the current study are a highly versatile model to evaluate drug-drug interactions and hepatotoxicity in initial screening of candidate drug compounds, which require a high degree of processing capacity and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Satoh
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Satoru Iwado
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kanako Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- * E-mail:
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43
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Effect of ketoconazole on the transport and metabolism of drugs in the human liver cell model. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-017-1713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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44
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Paech F, Bouitbir J, Krähenbühl S. Hepatocellular Toxicity Associated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Mitochondrial Damage and Inhibition of Glycolysis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:367. [PMID: 28659801 PMCID: PMC5469902 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are anticancer drugs with a lesser toxicity than classical chemotherapeutic agents but still with a narrow therapeutic window. While hepatotoxicity is known for most TKIs, underlying mechanisms remain mostly unclear. We therefore aimed at investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity for imatinib, sunitinib, lapatinib and erlotinib in vitro. We treated HepG2 cells, HepaRG cells and mouse liver mitochondria with TKIs (concentrations 1–100 μM) for different periods of time and assessed toxicity. In HepG2 cells maintained with glucose (favoring glycolysis), all TKIs showed a time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and, except erlotinib, a drop in intracellular ATP. In the presence of galactose (favoring mitochondrial metabolism), imatinib, sunitinib and erlotinib showed a similar toxicity profile as for glucose whereas lapatinib was less toxic. For imatinib, lapatinib and sunitinib, cytotoxicity increased in HepaRG cells induced with rifampicin, suggesting formation of toxic metabolites. In contrast, erlotinib was more toxic in HepaRG cells under basal than CYP-induced conditions. Imatinib, sunitinib and lapatinib reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2 cells and in mouse liver mitochondria. In HepG2 cells, these compounds increased reactive oxygen species production, impaired glycolysis, and induced apoptosis. In addition, imatinib and sunitinib impaired oxygen consumption and activities of complex I and III (only imatinib), and reduced the cellular GSH pool. In conclusion, imatinib and sunitinib are mitochondrial toxicants after acute and long-term exposure and inhibit glycolysis. Lapatinib affected mitochondria only weakly and inhibited glycolysis, whereas the cytotoxicity of erlotinib could not be explained by a mitochondrial mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Paech
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital BaselBasel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
| | - Jamal Bouitbir
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital BaselBasel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland.,Swiss Centre of Applied Human ToxicologyBasel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital BaselBasel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland.,Swiss Centre of Applied Human ToxicologyBasel, Switzerland
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45
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Evaluation of transcriptomic signature as a valuable tool to study drug-induced cholestasis in primary human hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:2879-2893. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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46
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Berger B, Donzelli M, Maseneni S, Boess F, Roth A, Krähenbühl S, Haschke M. Comparison of Liver Cell Models Using the Basel Phenotyping Cocktail. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:443. [PMID: 27917125 PMCID: PMC5116554 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently used hepatocyte cell systems for in vitro assessment of drug metabolism include hepatoma cell lines and primary human hepatocyte (PHH) cultures. We investigated the suitability of the validated in vivo Basel phenotyping cocktail (caffeine [CYP1A2], efavirenz [CYP2B6], losartan [CYP2C9], omeprazole [CYP2C19], metoprolol [CYP2D6], midazolam [CYP3A4]) in vitro and characterized four hepatocyte cell systems (HepG2 cells, HepaRG cells, and primary cryopreserved human hepatocytes in 2-dimensional [2D] culture or in 3D-spheroid co-culture) regarding basal metabolism and CYP inducibility. Under non-induced conditions, all CYP activities could be determined in 3D-PHH, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 in 2D-PHH and HepaRG, and CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 in HepG2 cells. The highest non-induced CYP activities were observed in 3D-PHH and HepaRG cells. mRNA expression was at least four-fold higher for all CYPs in 3D-PHH compared to the other cell systems. After treatment with 20 μM rifampicin, mRNA increased 3- to 50-fold for all CYPs except CYP1A2 and 2D6 for HepaRG and 3D-PHH, 4-fold (CYP2B6) and 17-fold (CYP3A4) for 2D-PHH and four-fold (CYP3A4) for HepG2. In 3D-PHH at least a two-fold increase in CYP activity was observed for all inducible CYP isoforms while CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 activity did not increase in 2D-PHH and HepaRG. CYP inducibility assessed in vivo using the same phenotyping probes was also best reflected by the 3D-PHH model. Our studies show that 3D-PHH and (with some limitations) HepaRG are suitable cell systems for assessing drug metabolism and CYP induction in vitro. HepG2 cells are less suited to assess CYP induction of the 2C and 3A family. The Basel phenotyping cocktail is suitable for the assessment of CYP activity and induction also in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Berger
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital BaselBasel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
| | - Massimiliano Donzelli
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital BaselBasel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
| | - Swarna Maseneni
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital BaselBasel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Boess
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Roth
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital BaselBasel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Applied Human ToxicologyBasel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Haschke
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital BaselBasel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
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Abstract
Amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic drug widely used for the treatment of both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias in intensive care unit. Hepatotoxicity of amiodarone is usually mild and delayed onset. Acute hepatotoxicity is a rare side effect and usually correlated to intravenous form use. In this case, acute hepatocellular injury occurred within 24 hours after the administration of intravenous amiodarone. Liver enzyme significantly improved after holding intravenous amiodarone use. Because ventricular arrhythmia persisted and side effects occurred to alternative therapy, low dose of oral amiodarone was resumed and hepatotoxicity did not occur afterward. Acute hepatotoxicity of intravenous amiodarone is possibly related to polysorbate 80, the solubilizer of amiodarone infusion or higher dose. As a result, when intravenous amiodarone is prescribed, closely monitoring liver enzyme is highly suggested. If acute hepatitis takes place secondary to intravenous amiodarone, oral therapy should not be resumed afterward. If there is no alternative treatment, lower dose of oral amiodarone (≤200 mg/d) could be tried and should monitor liver function regularly.
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van der Mark VA, Rudi de Waart D, Shevchenko V, Elferink RPJO, Chamuleau RAFM, Hoekstra R. Stable Overexpression of the Constitutive Androstane Receptor Reduces the Requirement for Culture with Dimethyl Sulfoxide for High Drug Metabolism in HepaRG Cells. Drug Metab Dispos 2016; 45:56-67. [PMID: 27780834 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.072603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) induces cellular differentiation and expression of drug metabolic enzymes in the human liver cell line HepaRG; however, DMSO also induces cell death and interferes with cellular activities. The aim of this study was to examine whether overexpression of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3), the nuclear receptor controlling various drug metabolism genes, would sufficiently promote differentiation and drug metabolism in HepaRG cells, optionally without using DMSO. By stable lentiviral overexpression of CAR, HepaRG cultures were less affected by DMSO in total protein content and obtained increased resistance to acetaminophen- and amiodarone-induced cell death. Transcript levels of CAR target genes were significantly increased in HepaRG-CAR cultures without DMSO, resulting in increased activities of cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes and bilirubin conjugation to levels equal or surpassing those of HepaRG cells cultured with DMSO. Unexpectedly, CAR overexpression also increased the activities of non-CAR target P450s, as well as albumin production. In combination with DMSO treatment, CAR overexpression further increased transcript levels and activities of CAR targets. Induction of CYP1A2 and CYP2B6 remained unchanged, whereas CYP3A4 was reduced. Moreover, the metabolism of low-clearance compounds warfarin and prednisolone was increased. In conclusion, CAR overexpression creates a more physiologically relevant environment for studies on hepatic (drug) metabolism and differentiation in HepaRG cells without the utilization of DMSO. DMSO still may be applied to accomplish higher drug metabolism, required for sensitive assays, such as low-clearance studies and identification of (rare) metabolites, whereas reduced total protein content after DMSO culture is diminished by CAR overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A van der Mark
- Department of Experimental Surgery (V.A.M., R.A.F.M.C., R.H.), and the Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center (V.A.M., D.R.W., R.P.J.O.E., R.A.F.M.C., R.H.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Biopredic International, Saint-Grégoire, France (V.S.)
| | - D Rudi de Waart
- Department of Experimental Surgery (V.A.M., R.A.F.M.C., R.H.), and the Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center (V.A.M., D.R.W., R.P.J.O.E., R.A.F.M.C., R.H.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Biopredic International, Saint-Grégoire, France (V.S.)
| | - Valery Shevchenko
- Department of Experimental Surgery (V.A.M., R.A.F.M.C., R.H.), and the Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center (V.A.M., D.R.W., R.P.J.O.E., R.A.F.M.C., R.H.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Biopredic International, Saint-Grégoire, France (V.S.)
| | - Ronald P J Oude Elferink
- Department of Experimental Surgery (V.A.M., R.A.F.M.C., R.H.), and the Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center (V.A.M., D.R.W., R.P.J.O.E., R.A.F.M.C., R.H.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Biopredic International, Saint-Grégoire, France (V.S.)
| | - Robert A F M Chamuleau
- Department of Experimental Surgery (V.A.M., R.A.F.M.C., R.H.), and the Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center (V.A.M., D.R.W., R.P.J.O.E., R.A.F.M.C., R.H.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Biopredic International, Saint-Grégoire, France (V.S.)
| | - Ruurdtje Hoekstra
- Department of Experimental Surgery (V.A.M., R.A.F.M.C., R.H.), and the Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center (V.A.M., D.R.W., R.P.J.O.E., R.A.F.M.C., R.H.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Biopredic International, Saint-Grégoire, France (V.S.)
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Gómez-Lechón MJ, Tolosa L, Donato MT. Upgrading HepG2 cells with adenoviral vectors that encode drug-metabolizing enzymes: application for drug hepatotoxicity testing. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 13:137-148. [PMID: 27671376 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1238459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug attrition rates due to hepatotoxicity are an important safety issue considered in drug development. The HepG2 hepatoma cell line is currently being used for drug-induced hepatotoxicity evaluations, but its expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes is poor compared with hepatocytes. Different approaches have been proposed to upgrade HepG2 cells for more reliable drug-induced liver injury predictions. Areas covered: We describe the advantages and limitations of HepG2 cells transduced with adenoviral vectors that encode drug-metabolizing enzymes for safety risk assessments of bioactivable compounds. Adenoviral transduction facilitates efficient and controlled delivery of multiple drug-metabolizing activities to HepG2 cells at comparable levels to primary human hepatocytes by generating an 'artificial hepatocyte'. Furthermore, adenoviral transduction enables the design of tailored cells expressing particular metabolic capacities. Expert opinion: Upgraded HepG2 cells that recreate known inter-individual variations in hepatic CYP and conjugating activities due to both genetic (e.g., polymorphisms) or environmental (e.g., induction, inhibition) factors seems a suitable model to identify bioactivable drug and conduct hepatotoxicity risk assessments. This strategy should enable the generation of customized cells by reproducing human pheno- and genotypic CYP variability to represent a valuable human hepatic cell model to develop new safer drugs and to improve existing predictive toxicity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- M José Gómez-Lechón
- a Unidad de Hepatología Experimental , Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe) , Valencia , Spain.,b CIBEREHD, FIS , Spain
| | - Laia Tolosa
- a Unidad de Hepatología Experimental , Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe) , Valencia , Spain
| | - M Teresa Donato
- a Unidad de Hepatología Experimental , Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe) , Valencia , Spain.,b CIBEREHD, FIS , Spain.,c Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Valencia , Valencia , Spain
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The enhanced atorvastatin hepatotoxicity in diabetic rats was partly attributed to the upregulated hepatic Cyp3a and SLCO1B1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33072. [PMID: 27624558 PMCID: PMC5021965 DOI: 10.1038/srep33072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver injury is a common adverse effect of atorvastatin. This study aimed to investigate atorvastatin-induced hepatotoxicity in diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin. The results showed that 40 mg/kg atorvastatin was lethal to diabetic rats, whose mean survival time was 6.2 days. Severe liver injury also occurred in diabetic rats treated with 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg atorvastatin. The in vitro results indicated that atorvastatin cytotoxicity in hepatocytes of diabetic rats was more severe than normal and high-fat diet feeding rats. Expressions and activities of hepatic Cyp3a and SLCO1B1 were increased in diabetic rats, which were highly correlated with hepatotoxicity. Antioxidants (glutathione and N-Acetylcysteine), Cyp3a inhibitor ketoconazole and SLCO1B1 inhibitor gemfibrozil suppressed cytotoxicity and ROS formation in primary hepatocytes of diabetic rats. In HepG2 cells, up-regulations of CYP3A4 and SLCO1B1 potentiated hepatotoxicity and ROS generation, whereas knockdowns of CYP3A4 and SLCO1B1 as well as CYP3A4/SLCO1B1 inhibitions showed the opposite effects. Phenobarbital pretreatment was used to induce hepatic Cyp3a and SLCO1B1 in rats. Phenobarbital aggravated atorvastatin-induced hepatotoxicity, while decreased plasma exposure of atorvastatin. All these findings demonstrated that the upregulations of hepatic Cyp3a and SLCO1B1 in diabetic rats potentiated atorvastatin-induced hepatotoxicity via increasing ROS formation.
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