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Peng L, Jia M, Li S, Wang X, Liang C, Xu Y. Developing antibiotics-based strategies to efficiently enrich ammonia-oxidizing archaea from wastewater treatment plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171479. [PMID: 38458444 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The effects of five antibiotics (i.e., ampicillin, streptomycin, carbenicillin, kanamycin and tetracycline) on ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) enrichment from anoxic activated sludge were investigated. The combined use of five antibiotics during 90-day cultivation could selectively inhibit nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) with AOA unaffected, as evidenced by the nitrite accumulation ratio of 100 % and the proportion of AOA in ammonia-oxidizing microbes over 91 %. The alternative use of five antibiotics was the optimal approach to screening for AOA during 348-day cultivation, which inhibited AOB growth at a level equivalent to the combined use of five antibiotics (the AOB-amoA gene decreased by over 99.90 %), further promoted AOA abundance (the much higher AOA-amoA to AOB-amoA gene copy number ratio (1453.30) than that in the groups with the combined use of five antibiotics (192.94)), eliminated bacterial adaptation to antibiotics and reduced antibiotic-resistant bacteria to form Nitrocosmicus-dominant community (42.35 % in abundance).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengwen Jia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shengjun Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuanzhou Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China
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2
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Almaghrabi M, Musa A, Aljohani AKB, Ahmed HEA, Alsulaimany M, Miski SF, Mostafa EM, Hussein S, Parambi DGT, Ghoneim MM, Elgammal WE, Halawa AH, Hammad A, El-Agrody AM. Introducing of novel class of pyrano[2,3- c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile analogs with potent antimicrobial activity, DNA gyrase inhibition, and prominent pharmacokinetic and CNS toxicity profiles supported by molecular dynamic simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37661733 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2252088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbiological DNA gyrase is recognized as an exceptional microbial target for the innovative development of low-resistant and more effective antimicrobial drugs. Hence, we introduced a one-pot facile synthesis of a novel pyranopyrazole scaffold bearing different functionalities; substituted aryl ring, nitrile, and hydroxyl groups. All new analogs were characterized with full spectroscopic data. The antimicrobial screening for all analogs was assessed against standard strains of Gm + ve and Gm-ve through in vitro considers. The screened compounds displayed very promising MIC/MBC values against some of the bacterial strains with broad or selective antibacterial effects. Of these, 4j biphenyl analog showed 0.5-2/2-8 µg/mL MIC/MBC for suppression and killing of Gm + ve and Gm-ve strains. Moreover, the antimicrobial screening was assessed for the most potent analogs against certain highly resistant microbial strains. Consequently, DNA gyrase supercoiling assay was done for all analogs using ciprofloxacin as reference positive control. Obviously, the results showed a different activity profile with potent analog 4j with IC50 value 6.29 µg/mL better than reference drug 10.2 µg/mL. Additionally, CNS toxicity testing was done using the HiB5 cell line for attenuation of GABA/NMDA expression to both 4j and ciprofloxacin compounds that revealed better neurotransmitter modulation by novel scaffold. Importantly, docking and dynamic simulations were performed for the most active 4j analog to investigate its interaction with DNA binding sites, which supported the in vitro observations and compound stability with binding pocket. Finally, a novel scaffold pyranopyrazole was introduced as a DNA gyrase inhibitor with prominent antibacterial efficacy and low CNS side effect toxicity better than quinolones.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Almaghrabi
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed K B Aljohani
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany E A Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Alsulaimany
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar F Miski
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab M Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Della Grace Thomas Parambi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid E Elgammal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Halawa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Ali Hammad
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Agrody
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt
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3
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Mirzaei M, Furxhi I, Murphy F, Mullins M. A Machine Learning Tool to Predict the Antibacterial Capacity of Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1774. [PMID: 34361160 PMCID: PMC8308172 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and rapid spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria strains are a public health concern. This emergence is caused by the overuse and misuse of antibiotics leading to the evolution of antibiotic-resistant strains. Nanoparticles (NPs) are objects with all three external dimensions in the nanoscale that varies from 1 to 100 nm. Research on NPs with enhanced antimicrobial activity as alternatives to antibiotics has grown due to the increased incidence of nosocomial and community acquired infections caused by pathogens. Machine learning (ML) tools have been used in the field of nanoinformatics with promising results. As a consequence of evident achievements on a wide range of predictive tasks, ML techniques are attracting significant interest across a variety of stakeholders. In this article, we present an ML tool that successfully predicts the antibacterial capacity of NPs while the model's validation demonstrates encouraging results (R2 = 0.78). The data were compiled after a literature review of 60 articles and consist of key physico-chemical (p-chem) properties and experimental conditions (exposure variables and bacterial clustering) from in vitro studies. Following data homogenization and pre-processing, we trained various regression algorithms and we validated them using diverse performance metrics. Finally, an important attribute evaluation, which ranks the attributes that are most important in predicting the outcome, was performed. The attribute importance revealed that NP core size, the exposure dose, and the species of bacterium are key variables in predicting the antibacterial effect of NPs. This tool assists various stakeholders and scientists in predicting the antibacterial effects of NPs based on their p-chem properties and diverse exposure settings. This concept also aids the safe-by-design paradigm by incorporating functionality tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Mirzaei
- Department of Accounting and Finance, Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, V94PH93 Limerick, Ireland; (M.M.); (F.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Irini Furxhi
- Department of Accounting and Finance, Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, V94PH93 Limerick, Ireland; (M.M.); (F.M.); (M.M.)
- Transgero Limited, Cullinagh, Newcastle West, V42V384 Limerick, Ireland
| | - Finbarr Murphy
- Department of Accounting and Finance, Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, V94PH93 Limerick, Ireland; (M.M.); (F.M.); (M.M.)
- Transgero Limited, Cullinagh, Newcastle West, V42V384 Limerick, Ireland
| | - Martin Mullins
- Department of Accounting and Finance, Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, V94PH93 Limerick, Ireland; (M.M.); (F.M.); (M.M.)
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4
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Wex KW, Saur JS, Handel F, Ortlieb N, Mokeev V, Kulik A, Niedermeyer THJ, Mast Y, Grond S, Berscheid A, Brötz-Oesterhelt H. Bioreporters for direct mode of action-informed screening of antibiotic producer strains. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1242-1252.e4. [PMID: 33761329 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A big challenge in natural product research of today is rapid dereplication of already known substances, to free capacities for the exploration of new agents. Prompt information on bioactivities and mode of action (MOA) speeds up the lead discovery process and is required for rational compound optimization. Here, we present a bioreporter approach as a versatile strategy for combined bioactivity- and MOA-informed primary screening for antimicrobials. The approach is suitable for directly probing producer strains grown on agar, without need for initial compound enrichment or purification, and works along the entire purification pipeline with culture supernatants, extracts, fractions, and pure substances. The technology allows for MOA-informed purification to selectively prioritize activities of interest. In combination with high-resolution mass spectrometry, the biosensor panel is an efficient and sensitive tool for compound deconvolution. Concomitant information on the affected metabolic pathway enables the selection of appropriate follow-up assays to elucidate the molecular target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina W Wex
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
| | - Julian S Saur
- Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
| | - Franziska Handel
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
| | - Nico Ortlieb
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
| | - Vladislav Mokeev
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 - Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
| | - Andreas Kulik
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 - Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
| | - Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Sachsen-Anhalt 06120, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
| | - Yvonne Mast
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; Department Bioresources for Bioeconomy and Health Research, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Niedersachsen 38124, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
| | - Stephanie Grond
- Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 - Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
| | - Anne Berscheid
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
| | - Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 - Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany.
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5
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Ribeiro da Cunha B, Fonseca LP, Calado CRC. Simultaneous elucidation of antibiotic mechanism of action and potency with high-throughput Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and machine learning. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1269-1286. [PMID: 33443637 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The low rate of discovery and rapid spread of resistant pathogens have made antibiotic discovery a worldwide priority. In cell-based screening, the mechanism of action (MOA) is identified after antimicrobial activity. This increases rediscovery, impairs low potency candidate detection, and does not guide lead optimization. In this study, high-throughput Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to discriminate the MOA of 14 antibiotics at pathway, class, and individual antibiotic level. For that, the optimal combinations and parametrizations of spectral preprocessing were selected with cross-validated partial least squares discriminant analysis, to which various machine learning algorithms were applied. This coherently resulted in very good accuracies, independently of the algorithms, and at all levels of MOA. Particularly, an ensemble of subspace discriminants predicted the known pathway (98.6%), antibiotic classes (100%), and individual antibiotics (97.8%) with exceptional accuracy, and similar results were obtained for simulated novel MOA. Even at very low concentrations (1 μg/mL) and growth inhibition (15%), over 70% pathway and class accuracy was achieved, suggesting FTIR spectroscopy can probe the grey chemical matter. Prediction of inhibitory effect was also examined, for which a squared exponential Gaussian process regression yielded a root mean square error of 0.33 and a R2 of 0.92, indicating that metabolic alterations leading to growth inhibition are intrinsically reflected on FTIR spectra beyond cell density. KEY POINTS: • Antibiotic MOA and potency estimated with high-throughput FTIR spectroscopy • Sub-inhibitory MOA identification suggests ability to explore grey chemical matter • Data analysis optimization improved MOA identification at antibiotic level by 38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Ribeiro da Cunha
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal. .,Departamento de Engenharia Química, ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa (IPL), R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Luís P Fonseca
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cecília R C Calado
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa (IPL), R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007, Lisbon, Portugal
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6
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Santos AL, dos Santos AP, Ito CRM, de Queiroz PHP, de Almeida JA, de Carvalho Júnior MAB, de Oliveira CZ, Avelino MAG, Wastowski IJ, Gomes GPLA, Souza ACSE, Vasconcelos LSNDOL, Santos MDO, da Silva CA, Carneiro LC. Profile of Enterobacteria Resistant to Beta-Lactams. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E410. [PMID: 32679663 PMCID: PMC7400480 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A serious emerging problem worldwide is increased antimicrobial resistance. Acquisition of coding genes for evasion methods of antimicrobial drug mechanisms characterizes acquired resistance. This phenomenon has been observed in Enterobacteriaceae family. Treatment for bacterial infections is performed with antibiotics, of which the most used are beta-lactams. The aim of this study was to correlate antimicrobial resistance profiles in Enterobacteriaceae by phenotypic methods and molecular identification of 14 beta-lactamase coding genes. In this study, 70 exclusive isolates from Brazil were used, half of which were collected in veterinary clinics or hospitals Phenotypic methodologies were used and real-time PCR was the molecular methodology used, through the Sybr Green system. Regargding the results found in the tests it was observed that 74.28% were resistant to ampicillin, 62.85% were resistant to amoxicillin associated with clavalunate. The mechanism of resistance that presented the highest expression was ESBL (17.14%). The genes studied that were detected in a greater number of species were blaGIM and blaSIM (66.66% of the samples) and the one that was amplified in a smaller number of samples was blaVIM (16.66%). Therefore, high and worrying levels of antimicrobial resistance have been found in enterobacteria, and a way to minimize the accelerated emergence of their resistance includes developing or improving techniques that generate diagnoses with high efficiency and speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Liberal Santos
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, 235 Street, Goiânia 74605-050, Brazil; (A.L.S.); (A.P.d.S.); (C.R.M.I.); (P.H.P.d.Q.); (J.A.d.A.); (M.A.B.d.C.J.); (L.S.N.d.O.L.V.); (C.A.d.S.)
| | - Adailton Pereira dos Santos
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, 235 Street, Goiânia 74605-050, Brazil; (A.L.S.); (A.P.d.S.); (C.R.M.I.); (P.H.P.d.Q.); (J.A.d.A.); (M.A.B.d.C.J.); (L.S.N.d.O.L.V.); (C.A.d.S.)
| | - Célia Regina Malveste Ito
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, 235 Street, Goiânia 74605-050, Brazil; (A.L.S.); (A.P.d.S.); (C.R.M.I.); (P.H.P.d.Q.); (J.A.d.A.); (M.A.B.d.C.J.); (L.S.N.d.O.L.V.); (C.A.d.S.)
| | - Pedro Henrique Pereira de Queiroz
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, 235 Street, Goiânia 74605-050, Brazil; (A.L.S.); (A.P.d.S.); (C.R.M.I.); (P.H.P.d.Q.); (J.A.d.A.); (M.A.B.d.C.J.); (L.S.N.d.O.L.V.); (C.A.d.S.)
| | - Juliana Afonso de Almeida
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, 235 Street, Goiânia 74605-050, Brazil; (A.L.S.); (A.P.d.S.); (C.R.M.I.); (P.H.P.d.Q.); (J.A.d.A.); (M.A.B.d.C.J.); (L.S.N.d.O.L.V.); (C.A.d.S.)
| | - Marcos Antonio Batista de Carvalho Júnior
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, 235 Street, Goiânia 74605-050, Brazil; (A.L.S.); (A.P.d.S.); (C.R.M.I.); (P.H.P.d.Q.); (J.A.d.A.); (M.A.B.d.C.J.); (L.S.N.d.O.L.V.); (C.A.d.S.)
| | | | - Melissa Ameloti G. Avelino
- Medicine College, Federal University of Goiás, 235 Street, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (M.A.G.A.); (M.d.O.S.)
| | | | - Giselle Pinheiro Lima Aires Gomes
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Tocantins, Square 109 North, NS15 Avenue, ALCNO-14-Plano Director North, Palmas 77001-090, Brazil;
| | | | - Lara Stefânia Netto de Oliveira Leão Vasconcelos
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, 235 Street, Goiânia 74605-050, Brazil; (A.L.S.); (A.P.d.S.); (C.R.M.I.); (P.H.P.d.Q.); (J.A.d.A.); (M.A.B.d.C.J.); (L.S.N.d.O.L.V.); (C.A.d.S.)
| | - Mônica de Oliveira Santos
- Medicine College, Federal University of Goiás, 235 Street, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (M.A.G.A.); (M.d.O.S.)
| | - Carla Afonso da Silva
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, 235 Street, Goiânia 74605-050, Brazil; (A.L.S.); (A.P.d.S.); (C.R.M.I.); (P.H.P.d.Q.); (J.A.d.A.); (M.A.B.d.C.J.); (L.S.N.d.O.L.V.); (C.A.d.S.)
| | - Lilian Carla Carneiro
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, 235 Street, Goiânia 74605-050, Brazil; (A.L.S.); (A.P.d.S.); (C.R.M.I.); (P.H.P.d.Q.); (J.A.d.A.); (M.A.B.d.C.J.); (L.S.N.d.O.L.V.); (C.A.d.S.)
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7
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The rational design, synthesis, and antimicrobial investigation of 2-Amino-4-Methylthiazole analogues inhibitors of GlcN-6-P synthase. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103781. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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Chen Y, Yang Y, Wang Y, Peng Y, Nie J, Gao G, Zhi J. Development of an Escherichia coli-based electrochemical biosensor for mycotoxin toxicity detection. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 133:107453. [PMID: 31972449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.107453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination in food and feed is a global concern because mycotoxin contamination can cause both acute and chronic health effects in humans and animals. In the present work, an Escherichia coli-based biosensor is described for the toxicity assessment of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEN). In this electrochemical biosensor, E. coli is used as the signal recognition element, p-benzoquinone is used as the mediator, and a two-step reaction procedure has been developed to separate the mediator from the mycotoxins. The current value of the as-prepared microbial biosensor exhibits a linear decrease with concentrations of AFB1 and ZEN in the range of 0.01-0.3 and 0.05-0.5 μg/mL, with detection limits reaching 1 and 6 ng/mL, respectively. The IC25 values obtained by the present method are 0.25 and 0.40 μg/mL for AFB1 and ZEN, which shows that the cytotoxicity of AFB1 to E. coli is more severe than the cytotoxicity of ZEN to E. coli. The combined toxic effect of these two mycotoxins has also been explored, and synergistic biotoxicity has been observed. Moreover, the biosensor is successfully applied to the toxicity evaluation of mycotoxins in real samples, including peanut and corn oils. This work could provide new insight into mycotoxin and microorganism interactions and could establish a new approach for future mycotoxin detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yajie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100089, PR China
| | - Ye Peng
- School of Materials Design and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jinmei Nie
- School of Materials Design and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Guanyue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Jinfang Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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9
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Patil M, Noonikara-Poyil A, Joshi SD, Patil SA, Patil SA, Bugarin A. New Urea Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8040178. [PMID: 31600950 PMCID: PMC6963781 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new urea derivatives, containing aryl moieties as potential antimicrobial agents, were designed, synthesized, and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, and LCMS spectral techniques. All newly synthesized compounds were screened in vitro against five bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) and two fungal strains (Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans). Variable levels of interaction were observed for these urea derivatives. However, and of major importance, many of these molecules exhibited promising growth inhibition against Acinetobacter baumannii. In particular, to our delight, the adamantyl urea adduct 3l demonstrated outstanding growth inhibition (94.5%) towards Acinetobacter baumannii. In light of this discovery, molecular docking studies were performed in order to elucidate the binding interaction mechanisms of the most active compounds, as reported herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadev Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, Karnataka, India.
| | - Anurag Noonikara-Poyil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
| | - Shrinivas D Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, S. E. T's College of Pharmacy, Sangolli Rayanna Nagar, Dharwad 580 002, Karnataka, India.
| | - Shivaputra A Patil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Siddappa A Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, Karnataka, India.
| | - Alejandro Bugarin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA.
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10
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Alidjanov JF, Fritzenwanker M, Hoffman I, Wagenlehner FM. Ceftazidime-avibactam: novel antimicrobial combination for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:655-670. [PMID: 28338347 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceftazidime-avibactam is a combination of a third-generation cephalosporin and a novel non-beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitor. This combination was recently recommended for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, including acute pyelonephritis, in adults with limited or no alternative treatment options. The current review is aimed to determine activity, efficacy and safety of ceftazidime-avibactam in the treatment of patients with complicated urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakhongir F Alidjanov
- Clinic & Policlinic for Urology, Pediatric Urology & Andrology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Outpatient Department, JSC "Republican Specialized Center of Urology", Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Moritz Fritzenwanker
- Clinic & Policlinic for Urology, Pediatric Urology & Andrology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ivan Hoffman
- Clinic & Policlinic for Urology, Pediatric Urology & Andrology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Florian M Wagenlehner
- Clinic & Policlinic for Urology, Pediatric Urology & Andrology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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11
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Williams MR, Stedtfeld RD, Waseem H, Stedtfeld T, Upham B, Khalife W, Etchebarne B, Hughes M, Tiedje JM, Hashsham SA. Implications of direct amplification for measuring antimicrobial resistance using point-of-care devices. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2017; 9:1229-1241. [PMID: 29657581 PMCID: PMC5898395 DOI: 10.1039/c6ay03405e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is recognized as a global threat to human health. Rapid detection and characterization of AMR is a critical component of most antibiotic stewardship programs. Methods based on amplification of nucleic acids for detection of AMR are generally faster than culture-based approaches but they still require several hours to more than a day due to the need for transporting the sample to a centralized laboratory, processing of sample, and sometimes DNA purification and concentration. Nucleic acids-based point-of-care (POC) devices are capable of rapidly diagnosing antibiotic-resistant infections which may help in making timely and correct treatment decisions. However, for most POC platforms, sample processing for nucleic acids extraction and purification is also generally required prior to amplification. Direct amplification, an emerging possibility for a number of polymerases, has the potential to eliminate these steps without significantly impacting diagnostic performance. This review summarizes direct amplification methods and their implication for rapid measurement of AMR. Future research directions that may further strengthen the possibility of integrating direct amplification methods with POC devices are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Williams
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - R D Stedtfeld
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - H Waseem
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - T Stedtfeld
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - B Upham
- Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - W Khalife
- Department of Microbiology, Sparrow Laboratories, Sparrow Health System, Lansing, MI 48912, USA
| | - B Etchebarne
- Osteopathic Medical Specialties, Section of Emergency Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 4882, USA
| | - M Hughes
- Osteopathic Medical Specialties, Section of Emergency Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 4882, USA
| | - J M Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - S A Hashsham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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12
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Fields FR, Lee SW, McConnell MJ. Using bacterial genomes and essential genes for the development of new antibiotics. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 134:74-86. [PMID: 27940263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The shrinking antibiotic development pipeline together with the global increase in antibiotic resistant infections requires that new molecules with antimicrobial activity are developed. Traditional empirical screening approaches of natural and non-natural compounds have identified the majority of antibiotics that are currently available, however this approach has produced relatively few new antibiotics over the last few decades. The vast amount of bacterial genome sequence information that has become available since the sequencing of the first bacterial genome more than 20years ago holds potential for contributing to the discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds. Comparative genomic approaches can identify genes that are highly conserved within and between bacterial species, and thus may represent genes that participate in key bacterial processes. Whole genome mutagenesis studies can also identify genes necessary for bacterial growth and survival under different environmental conditions, making them attractive targets for the development of novel inhibitory compounds. In addition, transcriptomic and proteomic approaches can be used to characterize RNA and protein levels on a cellular scale, providing information on bacterial physiology that can be applied to antibiotic target identification. Finally, bacterial genomes can be mined to identify biosynthetic pathways that produce many intrinsic antimicrobial compounds and peptides. In this review, we provide an overview of past and current efforts aimed at using bacterial genomic data in the discovery and development of novel antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco R Fields
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Shaun W Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Michael J McConnell
- Biomedical Institute of Seville, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
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13
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Biophysical Studies of Bacterial Topoisomerases Substantiate Their Binding Modes to an Inhibitor. Biophys J 2016; 109:1969-77. [PMID: 26536273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial DNA topoisomerases are essential for bacterial growth and are attractive, important targets for developing antibacterial drugs. Consequently, different potent inhibitors that target bacterial topoisomerases have been developed. However, the development of potent broad-spectrum inhibitors against both Gram-positive (G(+)) and Gram-negative (G(-)) bacteria has proven challenging. In this study, we carried out biophysical studies to better understand the molecular interactions between a potent bis-pyridylurea inhibitor and the active domains of the E-subunits of topoisomerase IV (ParE) from a G(+) strain (Streptococcus pneumoniae (sParE)) and a G(-) strain (Pseudomonas aeruginosa (pParE)). NMR results demonstrated that the inhibitor forms a tight complex with ParEs and the resulting complexes adopt structural conformations similar to those observed for free ParEs in solution. Further chemical-shift perturbation experiments and NOE analyses indicated that there are four regions in ParE that are important for inhibitor binding, namely, α2, the loop between β2 and α3, and the β2 and β6 strands. Surface plasmon resonance showed that this inhibitor binds to sParE with a higher KD than pParE. Point mutations in α2 of ParE, such as A52S (sParE), affected its binding affinity with the inhibitor. Taken together, these results provide a better understanding of the development of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents.
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14
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Application of bacterial cytological profiling to crude natural product extracts reveals the antibacterial arsenal of Bacillus subtilis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2015; 69:353-61. [PMID: 26648120 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2015.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although most clinically used antibiotics are derived from natural products, identifying new antibacterial molecules from natural product extracts is difficult due to the complexity of these extracts and the limited tools to correlate biological activity with specific molecules. Here, we show that bacterial cytological profiling (BCP) provides a rapid method for mechanism of action determination on plates and in complex natural product extracts and for activity-guided purification. We prepared an extract from Bacillus subtilis 3610 that killed the Escherichia coli lptD mutant and used BCP to observe two types of bioactivities in the unfractionated extract: inhibition of translation and permeablization of the cytoplasmic membrane. We used BCP to guide purification of the molecules responsible for each activity, identifying the translation inhibitors bacillaene and bacillaene B (glycosylated bacillaene) and demonstrating that two molecules contribute to cell permeabilitization, the bacteriocin subtilosin and the cyclic peptide sporulation killing factor. Our results suggest that bacillaene mediates translational arrest, and show that bacillaene B has a minimum inhibitory concentration 10 × higher than unmodified bacillaene. Finally, we show that BCP can be used to screen strains on an agar plate without the need for extract preparation, greatly saving time and improving throughput. Thus, BCP simplifies the isolation of novel natural products, by identifying strains, crude extracts and fractions with interesting bioactivities even when multiple activities are present, allowing investigators to focus labor-intensive steps on those with desired activities.
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15
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Azam MA, Thathan J, Jubie S. Dual targeting DNA gyrase B (GyrB) and topoisomerse IV (ParE) inhibitors: A review. Bioorg Chem 2015; 62:41-63. [PMID: 26232660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
GyrB and ParE are type IIA topoisomerases and found in most bacteria. Its function is vital for DNA replication, repair and decatenation. The highly conserved ATP-binding subunits of DNA GyrB and ParE are structurally related and have been recognized as prime candidates for the development of dual-targeting antibacterial agents with broad-spectrum potential. However, no natural product or small molecule inhibitors targeting ATPase catalytic domain of both GyrB and ParE enzymes have succeeded in the clinic. Moreover, no inhibitors of these enzymes with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram-negative pathogens have been reported. Availability of high resolution crystal structures of GyrB and ParE made it possible for the design of many different classes of inhibitors with dual mechanism of action. Among them benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, thiazolopyridines, imidiazopyridazoles, pyridines, indazoles, pyrazoles, imidazopyridines, triazolopyridines, pyrrolopyrimidines, pyrimidoindoles as well as related structures are disclosed in literatures. Unfortunately most of these inhibitors are found to be active against Gram-positive pathogens. In the present review we discuss about studies on novel dual targeting ATPase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Afzal Azam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (A Constituent College of JSS University, Mysore), Udhagamandalam 643001, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Janarthanan Thathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (A Constituent College of JSS University, Mysore), Udhagamandalam 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Jubie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (A Constituent College of JSS University, Mysore), Udhagamandalam 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
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16
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Gao N, McLeod SM, Hajec L, Olivier NB, Lahiri SD, Bryan Prince D, Thresher J, Ross PL, Whiteaker JD, Doig P, Li AH, Hill PJ, Cornebise M, Reck F, Hale MR. Overexpression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa LpxC with its inhibitors in an acrB-deficient Escherichia coli strain. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 104:57-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Basarab GS, Brassil P, Doig P, Galullo V, Haimes HB, Kern G, Kutschke A, McNulty J, Schuck VJA, Stone G, Gowravaram M. Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones with a Benzisoxazole Scaffold: SAR and in Vivo Characterization. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9078-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501174m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S. Basarab
- Infection Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Patrick Brassil
- Infection Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Peter Doig
- Infection Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Vincent Galullo
- Infection Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Howard B. Haimes
- Infection Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Gunther Kern
- Infection Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Amy Kutschke
- Infection Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - John McNulty
- Infection Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Virna J. A. Schuck
- Infection Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Gregory Stone
- Infection Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Madhusudhan Gowravaram
- Infection Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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18
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Barbosa EGV, Aburjaile FF, Ramos RTJ, Carneiro AR, Le Loir Y, Baumbach J, Miyoshi A, Silva A, Azevedo V. Value of a newly sequenced bacterial genome. World J Biol Chem 2014; 5:161-168. [PMID: 24921006 PMCID: PMC4050110 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v5.i2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have made high-throughput sequencing available to medium- and small-size laboratories, culminating in a tidal wave of genomic information. The quantity of sequenced bacterial genomes has not only brought excitement to the field of genomics but also heightened expectations that NGS would boost antibacterial discovery and vaccine development. Although many possible drug and vaccine targets have been discovered, the success rate of genome-based analysis has remained below expectations. Furthermore, NGS has had consequences for genome quality, resulting in an exponential increase in draft (partial data) genome deposits in public databases. If no further interests are expressed for a particular bacterial genome, it is more likely that the sequencing of its genome will be limited to a draft stage, and the painstaking tasks of completing the sequencing of its genome and annotation will not be undertaken. It is important to know what is lost when we settle for a draft genome and to determine the “scientific value” of a newly sequenced genome. This review addresses the expected impact of newly sequenced genomes on antibacterial discovery and vaccinology. Also, it discusses the factors that could be leading to the increase in the number of draft deposits and the consequent loss of relevant biological information.
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Zhang YY, Liu Y, Mehboob S, Song JH, Boci T, Johnson ME, Ghosh AK, Jeong H. Metabolism-directed structure optimization of benzimidazole-based Francisella tularensis enoyl-reductase (FabI) inhibitors. Xenobiotica 2014; 44:404-16. [PMID: 24171690 PMCID: PMC4355941 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2013.850553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
1. FabI is a potential antibiotic target against Francisella tularensis, which has been classified as a Category A biowarfare agent of high risk to public health. Our previous work demonstrated that N-benzyl benzimidazole compounds possess promising FabI inhibitory activity, but their druggability properties, including metabolic stability, are unknown. 2. The objective of this study was to characterize structure-metabolism relationships of a series of N-benzyl benzimidazole compounds to guide chemical optimization for better metabolic stability. To this end, metabolic stability data were obtained for 22 initial lead compounds using mouse hepatic microsomes. 3. Metabolic hotspots on the benzimidazole core structure as well as the benzyl ring were identified and verified by metabolite identification studies of four model compounds. Interestingly, the proposed structure-metabolism relationships did not apply to nine newly synthesized cyclopentane or oxacyclopentane derivatives of N-benzyl benzimidazole. 4. Subsequently, in silico quantitative structure-property relationship models were developed. Four molecular descriptors representing molecular polarity/polarisability, symmetry and size were identified to best explain variability in metabolic stability of different compounds. Multi-linear and non-linear regression models based on the selected molecular descriptors were developed and validated. 5. The structure-metabolism relationships for N-benzyl benzimidazole compounds should help optimization of N-benzyl benzimidazole compounds for better pharmacokinetic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Shahila Mehboob
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Jin-Hua Song
- Departments of Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Teuta Boci
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Michael E. Johnson
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Arun K. Ghosh
- Departments of Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Hyunyoung Jeong
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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Gupta K, Bhadelia N. Management of urinary tract infections from multidrug-resistant organisms. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2013; 28:49-59. [PMID: 24484574 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance worsens clinical outcomes and, in some cases, significantly impacts the clinical management of urinary tract infections in the outpatient setting. This article presents the prevalence and mechanism of relevant antimicrobial resistance patterns encountered among uropathogens, and discusses the efficacy of antibiotic regimens and novel therapies in treating commonly encountered multidrug-resistant organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Gupta
- Infectious Diseases, VA Boston HCS, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA 02312, USA; Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Dowling 3 North Room 3104, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Nahid Bhadelia
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Dowling 3 North Room 3104, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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21
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Basarab GS, Manchester JI, Bist S, Boriack-Sjodin PA, Dangel B, Illingworth R, Sherer BA, Sriram S, Uria-Nickelsen M, Eakin AE. Fragment-to-hit-to-lead discovery of a novel pyridylurea scaffold of ATP competitive dual targeting type II topoisomerase inhibiting antibacterial agents. J Med Chem 2013; 56:8712-35. [PMID: 24098982 DOI: 10.1021/jm401208b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and optimization of a new class of bacterial topoisomerase (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV) inhibitors binding in the ATP domain are described. A fragment molecule, 1-ethyl-3-(2-pyridyl)urea, provided sufficiently potent enzyme inhibition (32 μM) to prompt further analogue work. Acids and acid isosteres were incorporated at the 5-pyridyl position of this fragment, bridging to a key asparagine residue, improving enzyme inhibition, and leading to measurable antibacterial activity. A CF3-thiazole substituent at the 4-pyridyl position improved inhibitory potency due to a favorable lipophilic interaction. Promising antibacterial activity was seen versus the Gram-positive pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae and the Gram-negative pathogens Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis . Precursor metabolite incorporation and mutant analysis studies support the mode-of-action, blockage of DNA synthesis by dual target topoisomerase inhibition. Compound 35 was efficacious in a mouse S. aureus disease model, where a 4.5-log reduction in colony forming units versus control was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Basarab
- Infection Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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23
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Abstract
New antimicrobial agents are always needed to counteract the resistant pathogens that continue to be selected by current therapeutic regimens. This review provides a survey of known antimicrobial agents that were currently in clinical development in the fall of 2012 and spring of 2013. Data were collected from published literature primarily from 2010 to 2012, meeting abstracts (2011 to 2012), government websites, and company websites when appropriate. Compared to what was reported in previous surveys, a surprising number of new agents are currently in company pipelines, particularly in phase 3 clinical development. Familiar antibacterial classes of the quinolones, tetracyclines, oxazolidinones, glycopeptides, and cephalosporins are represented by entities with enhanced antimicrobial or pharmacological properties. More importantly, compounds of novel chemical structures targeting bacterial pathways not previously exploited are under development. Some of the most promising compounds include novel β-lactamase inhibitor combinations that target many multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, a critical medical need. Although new antimicrobial agents will continue to be needed to address increasing antibiotic resistance, there are novel agents in development to tackle at least some of the more worrisome pathogens in the current nosocomial setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Bush
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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24
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Wang XD, Deng RC, Dong JJ, Peng ZY, Gao XM, Li ST, Lin WQ, Lu CL, Xiao ZP, Zhu HL. 3-Aryl-4-acyloxyethoxyfuran-2(5H)-ones as inhibitors of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase: synthesis, molecular docking and antibacterial evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4914-22. [PMID: 23891164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-eight 3-aryl-4-acyloxyethoxyfuran-2(5H)-ones were designed, prepared and tested for antibacterial activities. Some of them showed significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive organism, Gram-negative organism and fungus. Out of these compounds, 4-(2-(3-chlorophenylformyloxy)ethoxy)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)furan-2(5H)-one (d40) showed the widest spectrum of activity with MIC50 of 2.0μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, 4.3μg/mL against Escherichia coli, 1.5μg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 1.2μg/mL against Candida albicans. Our data disclosed that MIC50 values against whole cell bacteria are positive correlation with MIC50 values against tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. Meanwhile, molecular docking of d40 into S. aureus tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase active site was also performed, and the inhibitor tightly fitting the active site might be an important reason why it has high antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China
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Yoshida H, Yoshida R, Takaki K. Synchronous ArF and ArSn Bond Formation through Fluorostannylation of Arynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8629-32. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Yoshida H, Yoshida R, Takaki K. Synchronous ArF and ArSn Bond Formation through Fluorostannylation of Arynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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de Souza TB, Orlandi M, Coelho LFL, Malaquias LCC, Dias ALT, de Carvalho RR, Silva NC, Carvalho DT. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of antifungal and cytotoxic activities of eugenol glycosides. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Boucher HW, Talbot GH, Benjamin DK, Bradley J, Guidos RJ, Jones RN, Murray BE, Bonomo RA, Gilbert D. 10 x '20 Progress--development of new drugs active against gram-negative bacilli: an update from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 56:1685-94. [PMID: 23599308 PMCID: PMC3707426 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially the "ESKAPE" pathogens, continue to increase in frequency and cause significant morbidity and mortality. New antimicrobial agents are greatly needed to treat infections caused by gram-negative bacilli (GNB) resistant to currently available agents. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) continues to propose legislative, regulatory, and funding solutions to this continuing crisis. The current report updates the status of development and approval of systemic antibiotics in the United States as of early 2013. Only 2 new antibiotics have been approved since IDSA's 2009 pipeline status report, and the number of new antibiotics annually approved for marketing in the United States continues to decline. We identified 7 drugs in clinical development for treatment of infections caused by resistant GNB. None of these agents was included in our 2009 list of antibacterial compounds in phase 2 or later development, but unfortunately none addresses the entire spectrum of clinically relevant GNB resistance. Our survey demonstrates some progress in development of new antibacterial drugs that target infections caused by resistant GNB, but progress remains alarmingly elusive. IDSA stresses our conviction that the antibiotic pipeline problem can be solved by the collaboration of global leaders to develop creative incentives that will stimulate new antibacterial research and development. Our aim is the creation of a sustainable global antibacterial drug research and development enterprise with the power in the short term to develop 10 new, safe, and efficacious systemically administered antibiotics by 2020 as called for in IDSA's "10 × '20 Initiative."
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen W. Boucher
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Daniel K. Benjamin
- Duke University School of Medicine
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - John Bradley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital San Diego
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego
| | | | - Ronald N. Jones
- JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, Iowa
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barbara E. Murray
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Schoolat Houston
| | - Robert A. Bonomo
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center
- Departments of Medicine
- Pharmacology
- Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David Gilbert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Natural products have long been instrumental for discovering antibiotics, but many pharmaceutical companies abandoned this field and new antibiotics declined. In contrast, microbial resistance to current antibiotics has approached critical levels. AREAS COVERED This article gives historical perspectives by providing background about present-day economic realities and medical needs for antibiotic research, whose pipeline is mostly focused toward older known agents and newer semi-synthetic derivatives. Future research trends and projected technological developments open many innovative opportunities to discover novel antibacterials and find ways to control pathogenic bacteria without conventional antibiotics that provoke resistance. EXPERT OPINION The successful registration of daptomycin, retapamulin and fidaxomicin indicate the re-emergence of natural products has already begun. Semi-synthetic derivatives from other under-explored classes are progressing. More effort is being put into approaches such as total synthesis, discovery of new structural scaffolds for synthesis, alterations of biosynthetic pathways, combinatorial biosynthesis, new screening targets and new resources from which to isolate natural products. A return to successful screening of actinomycetes depends on solving the rate-limiting dereplication obstacle. Long-term solutions need to come from greater exploration of the massive numbers of uncultured microbes. An ultimate solution to the antibiotic-promoted microbial resistance cycle may lie in finding ways to control bacteria by non-lethal means.
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Ruan ZX, Huangfu DS, Xu XJ, Sun PH, Chen WM. 3D-QSAR and molecular docking for the discovery of ketolide derivatives. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:427-44. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.774369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xiong Ruan
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China ;
| | - De-Sheng Huangfu
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China ;
| | - Xing-Jun Xu
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China ;
| | - Ping-Hua Sun
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China ;
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China ;
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Gould IM, Bal AM. New antibiotic agents in the pipeline and how they can help overcome microbial resistance. Virulence 2013; 4:185-91. [PMID: 23302792 PMCID: PMC3654619 DOI: 10.4161/viru.22507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance is a growing threat and yet few new antibiotics active against multi-resistant bacteria are being explored. A combination of falling profits, regulatory mechanisms and irrational and injudicious use of antibiotics has led to an alarming situation where some infections have no cure. In this article, we summarize the new developments that have been suggested to incentivize the pharmaceutical industries toward the field of infections. We also briefly mention the new compounds on the horizon and some newly approved compounds that might help us tide over this crisis.
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Abstract
The "perpetual challenge of infectious diseases" is no better exemplified than by the phenomena of rapid emergence and spread of bacterial resistance. Although β-lactam antimicrobials have thus far been a mainstay of the therapeutic armamentarium for treatment of severe infections, their preeminent position has been challenged by an onslaught of resistance mechanisms in major nosocomial and community-acquired pathogens, including modification of penicillin-binding proteins, production of β-lactamases, overexpression of efflux pumps, and loss of porins. Given this formidable array of resistance mechanisms facing patients and their physicians, one can reasonably ask if there is hope for the future of β-lactams.
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Predicting the exposure and antibacterial activity of fluoroquinolones based on physicochemical properties. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 47:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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El Salabi A, Walsh TR, Chouchani C. Extended spectrum β-lactamases, carbapenemases and mobile genetic elements responsible for antibiotics resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Crit Rev Microbiol 2012; 39:113-22. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2012.691870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Chen M, Hu M, Wang D, Wang G, Zhu X, Yan D, Sun J. Multifunctional hyperbranched glycoconjugated polymers based on natural aminoglycosides. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1189-99. [PMID: 22591322 DOI: 10.1021/bc300016b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional gene vectors with high transfection, low cytotoxicity, and good antitumor and antibacterial activities were prepared from natural aminoglycosides. Through the Michael-addition polymerization of gentamycin and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, cationic hyperbranched glycoconjugated polymers were synthesized, and their physical and chemical properties were analyzed by FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, GPC, ζ-potential, and acid-base titration techniques. The cytotoxicity of these hyperbranched glycoconjugated polycations was low because of the hydrolysis of degradable glycosidic and amide linkages in acid conditions. Owing to the presence of various primary, secondary, and tertiary amines in the polymers, hyperbranched glycoconjugated polymers showed high buffering capacity and strong DNA condensation ability, resulting in the high transfection efficiency. In the meantime, due to the introduction of natural aminoglycosides into the polymeric backbone, the resultant hyperbranched glycoconjugated polymers inhibited the growth of cancer cells and bacteria efficiently. Combining the gene transfection, antitumor, and antibacterial abilities together, the multifunctional hyperbranched glycoconjugated polymers based on natural aminoglycosides may play an important role in protecting cancer patients from bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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Sanyal G, Doig P. Bacterial DNA replication enzymes as targets for antibacterial drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012; 7:327-39. [PMID: 22458504 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2012.660478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The bacterial replisome is composed of a large number of enzymes, which work in exquisite coordination to accomplish chromosomal replication. Effective inhibition inside the bacterial cell of any of the 'essential' enzymes of the DNA replication pathway should be detrimental to cell survival. AREAS COVERED This review covers DNA replication enzymes that have been shown to have a potential for delivering antibacterial compounds or drug candidates including: type II topoisomerases, a clinically validated target family, and DNA ligase, which has yielded inhibitors with in vivo efficacy. A few of the 'replisome' enzymes that are structurally and functionally well characterized and have been subjects of antibacterial discovery efforts are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Identification of several essential genes in the bacterial replication pathway raised hopes that targeting these gene products would lead to novel antibacterials. However, none of these novel, single gene targets have delivered antibacterial drug candidates into clinical trials. This lack of productivity may be due to the target properties and inhibitor identification approaches employed. For DNA primase, DNA helicase and other replisome targets, with the exception of DNA ligase, the exploitation of structure for lead generation has not been tested to the same extent that it has for DNA gyrase. Utilization of structural information should be considered to augment HTS efforts and initiate fragment-based lead generation. The complex protein-protein interactions involved in regulation of replication may explain why biochemical approaches have been less productive for some replisome targets than more independently functioning targets such as DNA ligase or DNA gyrase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Sanyal
- Infection Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Dr, Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
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Abstract
The resolution of antibiotic-ribosomal subunit complexes and antibacterial-protein complexes at the atomic level has provided new insights into modifications of clinically relevant antimicrobials and provided new classes that target the protein cellular apparatus. New chemistry platforms that use fragment-based drug design or allow novel modifications in known structural classes are being used to design new antibiotics that overcome known resistance mechanisms and extend spectrum and potency by circumventing ubiquitous efflux pumps. This review provides details on seven antibiotics in development for treatment of moderate-to-severe community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and/or acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections: solithromycin, cethromycin, omadacycline, CEM-102, GSK1322322, radezolid, and tedizolid. Two antibiotics of the oxazolidinone class, PF-02341272 and AZD5847, are being developed as antituberculosis agents. Only three antibiotics that target the protein cellular machinery, TP-434, GSK2251052, and plazomicin, have a spectrum that encompasses multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. These compounds provide hope for treating key pathogens that cause serious disease in both the community and the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce A Sutcliffe
- Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, USA.
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