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Lee YS, Kim SM, Park EJ, Lee HJ. Anti-arthritic effects of Schisandra chinensis extract in monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis rats. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:2261-2272. [PMID: 36059019 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Schisandra chinensis (SC) extract on clinical symptoms of osteoarthritis and the modulating effect on the mechanisms associated with the progression of osteoarthritis in a rat model of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis-induced rats were randomized into four groups: MIA injection control (MC), MIA injection with celecoxib (PC), MIA injection with SC extract 100 mg/kg (SC100), and MIA injection with SC extract 200 mg/kg (SC200). Another healthy group received a saline injection as a negative control (NC). During the treatment, weight-bearing measurements were performed once a week for 4 weeks. Histopathological and biochemical analyses of the joints, blood, and chondrocyte tissue were performed following the completion of treatment. Compared with MC rats, SC rats demonstrated significantly alleviated pain behavior, bone erosion, and cartilage degradation. SC reduced serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases and pro-inflammatory cytokines. SC treatment also reversed the levels of biomarkers such as Collagen II and ADAMTS4 in the cartilage tissue. Moreover, SC administration inhibited the phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and NF-κB Inhibitor alpha. This study demonstrates that SC ameliorated osteoarthritis at in vivo level. Our results suggest that SC might be a potential therapeutic agent for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Suk Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea. .,Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea. .,Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Gyeonggi-do, 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Crizotinib attenuates cancer metastasis by inhibiting TGFβ signaling in non-small cell lung cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:1225-1235. [PMID: 35999455 PMCID: PMC9440021 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Crizotinib is a clinically approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EML4-ALK fusion. Crizotinib was originally developed as an inhibitor of MET (HGF receptor), which is involved in the metastatic cascade. However, little is known about whether crizotinib inhibits tumor metastasis in NSCLC cells. In this study, we found that crizotinib suppressed TGFβ signaling by blocking Smad phosphorylation in an ALK/MET/RON/ROS1-independent manner in NSCLC cells. Molecular docking and in vitro enzyme activity assays showed that crizotinib directly inhibited the kinase activity of TGFβ receptor I through a competitive inhibition mode. Cell tracking, scratch wound, and transwell migration assays showed that crizotinib simultaneously inhibited TGFβ- and HGF-mediated NSCLC cell migration and invasion. In addition, in vivo bioluminescence imaging analysis showed that crizotinib suppressed the metastatic capacity of NSCLC cells. Our results demonstrate that crizotinib attenuates cancer metastasis by inhibiting TGFβ signaling in NSCLC cells. Therefore, our findings will help to advance our understanding of the anticancer action of crizotinib and provide insight into future clinical investigations. Investigating the activity of an existing anticancer drug shows that it can limit metastasis (cancer spread) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Aberrant signaling from the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) protein is known to trigger metastasis in NSCLC. The drug crizotinib is clinically approved for NSCLC, but whether it can affect metastasis is unclear. Ju-Hong Jeon (Seoul National University College of Medicine), Sang-Yeob Kim (ASAN Medical Center, Seoul) and co-workers used cell cultures and a mouse model to examine if crizotinib can inhibit TGFβ. Crizotinib suppressed TGFβ signaling by blocking the phosphorylation of a critical protein and inhibiting the enzymatic activity of a TGFβ receptor. These actions reduced the cell migration and invasion usually mediated by TGFβ. The results also indicate that cancer signaling pathways can act independently, meaning that a multitarget approach may improve treatment.
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Yoo A, Ahn J, Kim MJ, Seo HD, Hahm JH, Jung CH, Ha TY. Fruit of Schisandra chinensis and its bioactive component schizandrin B ameliorate obesity-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111439. [PMID: 35761679 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis fruit (Omiza in Korean), used for the production tea or liquor, and is known to enhance skeletal muscle function. However, the effect of Omiza extract (OM) on obesity-induced skeletal muscle atrophy remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of OM on skeletal muscle mass and performance in obese mice. OM increased skeletal muscle weight, size and improved skeletal muscle performance. Further, it also suppressed obesity-induced increases in proinflammatory cytokines, MuRF1, and Atrogin1 in mouse skeletal muscle and enhanced the expression of MHC and the phosphorylation of AKT/mTOR signaling molecules, thereby suppressing myostatin expression and regulating Smad-FOXO signaling. Schizandrin B, a major component of OM inhibited palmitic acid induced atrophy in C2C12 cells via Smad-FOXO regulation, suggesting that it partially contributed to the effects of OM against obesity-induced muscle atrophy. Taken together, OM may have the potential to prevent and treat obesity-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahyoung Yoo
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Deok Seo
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Hoon Hahm
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Youl Ha
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Wu Z, Jia M, Zhao W, Huang X, Yang X, Chen D, Qiaolongbatu X, Li X, Wu J, Qian F, Lou Y, Fan G. Schisandrol A, the main active ingredient of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, inhibits pulmonary fibrosis through suppression of the TGF-β signaling pathway as revealed by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, network pharmacology and experimental verification. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115031. [PMID: 35091014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandra chinensis decoction derived from the book of Waitai Miyao (Tao Wang, Tang dynasty) is often used in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which is included in the Grand Ceremony of Chinese formulae (Huairen Peng, 1994). Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus (Sch) is one of the most important herbs in this formula. According to the "Shennong's Herbal Classicherbal" of the Han Dynasty, Sch has sour taste, warm nature, which has the effect of tonifying qi and curing cough. In addition, according to the "Compendium of Materia Medica" of the Ming Dynasty, Sch is used to treat cough and asthma, which has the effect of moistening the lung and tonifying the kidney. However, the active ingredients of Sch absorption into the plasma and its pharmacological mechanism of treatment for IPF still remained unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY Our research aimed at identifying the absorbed active ingredients and metabolized of Sch in rat plasma and the mechanism of anti-IPF based on serum pharmacochemistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the rats were divided into control group and Sch group. Sch sample was orally administrated to the rats for seven days. The blood samples were drawn into an Eppendorf tube after the last dosing. The ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was applied to identify the absorption components and metabolites of Sch in rat plasma. Second, the network pharmacology combined with molecular docking analysis was further investigated to illuminate its potential mechanism of treatment for IPF by the biological targets regulating related pathways. Finally, the mechanism of action was verified by experimental in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS A total of 78 compounds, consist of 13 prototype lignans and 65 metabolites (including isomers) were identified. Network pharmacology study and molecular docking analysis indicated that schisandrol A (L1) play an anti-fibrosis role by regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway. Experimental in vitro and in vivo verified that the schisandrol A could inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis through TGF-β signaling pathway. The effect and mechanism of schisandrol A inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis were reported for the first time. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the absorption active ingredients of Sch in rat plasma were combined with the network pharmacology investigation and experimental in vitro and in vivo to elucidate its biological mechanism of treatment for IPF. The results provided a theoretical support for understanding the bioactive compounds and the pharmacological mechanism of Sch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghua Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, PR China.
| | - Mengqi Jia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, PR China.
| | - Wenjuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Xucong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
| | - Xinyi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Dongxin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Xijier Qiaolongbatu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, PR China.
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, PR China.
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Yuefen Lou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200434, PR China.
| | - Guorong Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, PR China.
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Transcriptome Analysis of the Anti-TGFβ Effect of Schisandra chinensis Fruit Extract and Schisandrin B in A7r5 Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020163. [PMID: 33672474 PMCID: PMC7926316 DOI: 10.3390/life11020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis fruit extract (SCE) has been used as a traditional medicine for treating vascular diseases. However, little is known about how SCE and schisandrin B (SchB) affect transcriptional output-a crucial factor for shaping the fibrotic responses of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathways in in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). In this study, to assess the pharmacological effect of SCE and SchB on TGFβ-induced transcriptional output, we performed DNA microarray experiments in A7r5 VSMCs. We found that TGFβ induced distinctive changes in the gene expression profile and that these changes were considerably reversed by SCE and SchB. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) with Hallmark signature suggested that SCE or SchB inhibits a range of fibrosis-associated biological processes, including inflammation, cell proliferation and migration. With our VSMC-specific transcriptional interactome network, master regulator analysis identified crucial transcription factors that regulate the expression of SCE- and SchB-effective genes (i.e., TGFβ-reactive genes whose expression are reversed by SCE and SchB). Our results provide novel perspective and insight into understanding the pharmacological action of SCE and SchB at the transcriptome level and will support further investigations to develop multitargeted strategies for the treatment of vascular fibrosis.
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Yu Gan Long Ameliorates Hepatic Fibrosis by Inhibiting PI3K/AKT, Ras/ERK and JAK1/STAT3 Signaling Pathways in CCl 4-induced Liver Fibrosis Rats. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:539-547. [PMID: 32681257 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Yu Gan Long (YGL) is a Chinese traditional herbal formula which has been reported to attenuate liver fibrosis for many years and we have explored its anti-fibrotic mechanism through blocking transforming growth factor (TGF-β) in the previous study. But the mechanisms associated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB remain obscure. In this study, we further investigated the mechanism of YGL reducing carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Our results showed that YGL suppressed CCl4-induced upregulation of collagen IV (Col IV), type HI precollagen (PCHI), hyaluronuc acid (HA) and laminin (LN), which are implicated in liver fibrosis. Also, YGL reduced the α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, which acts as the indicator of liver fibrosis. Furthermore, YGL decreased the serum levels of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) mitogen PDGF-BB and inflammation cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6. Markers involved in liver fibrosis, such as Ras, p-Raf-1, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, p-P38, p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-JAKl, p-STAT3 were downregulated significantly after treatment with YGL. Our results indicated that YGL ameliorated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by reducing inflammation cytokines production, and suppressing Ras/ERK, PI3K/AKT, and JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathways, which provided further evidence towards elucidation of the anti-fibrotic mechanism of YGL.
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PRESERVATION OF ERECTILE FUNCTION BY STATINS IN A RAT MODEL OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION INDUCED BY HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. JOURNAL OF MEN'S HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.15586/jomh.v16i1.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Park S, Lim JM, Chun JN, Lee S, Kim TM, Kim DW, Kim SY, Bae DJ, Bae SM, So I, Kim HG, Choi JY, Jeon JH. Altered expression of fucosylation pathway genes is associated with poor prognosis and tumor metastasis in non‑small cell lung cancer. Int J Oncol 2019; 56:559-567. [PMID: 31894325 PMCID: PMC6959459 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosylation is a post‑translational modification that attaches fucose residues to protein‑ or lipid‑bound oligosaccharides. Certain fucosylation pathway genes are aberrantly expressed in several types of cancer, including non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and this aberrant expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cancer. However, the molecular mechanism by which these fucosylation pathway genes promote tumor progression has not been well‑characterized. The present study analyzed public microarray data obtained from NSCLC samples. Multivariate analysis revealed that altered expression of fucosylation pathway genes, including fucosyltransferase 1 (FUT1), FUT2, FUT3, FUT6, FUT8 and GDP‑L‑fucose synthase (TSTA3), correlated with poor survival in patients with NSCLC. Inhibition of FUTs by 2F‑peracetyl‑fucose (2F‑PAF) suppressed transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)‑mediated Smad3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in NSCLC cells. In addition, wound‑healing and Transwell migration assays demonstrated that 2F‑PAF inhibited TGFβ‑induced NSCLC cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, in vivo bioluminescence imaging analysis revealed that 2F‑PAF attenuated the metastatic capacity of NSCLC cells. These results may help characterize the oncogenic role of fucosylation in NSCLC biology and highlight its potential for developing cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonbum Park
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Muk Lim
- Biomedical Knowledge Engineering Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Nyeo Chun
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of
Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112‑5650, USA
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05535, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Bae
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05535, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mun Bae
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05535, Republic of Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gee Kim
- Biomedical Knowledge Engineering Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Jeon
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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Lin QN, Liu YD, Guo SE, Zhou R, Huang Q, Zhang ZM, Qin X. Schisandrin B ameliorates high-glucose-induced vascular endothelial cells injury by regulating the Noxa/Hsp27/NF-κB signaling pathway. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 97:681-692. [PMID: 30817212 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To address the molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammation effects of schisandrin B (Sch B) in atherosclerosis, we examined injured HMEC-1, HBMEC, and HUVEC-12 cells induced by high glucose (HG). Methods: Western blot was performed to detect the levels of the proteins Hsp27, Noxa, TLR5, p-IκBα, and p-p65 in HG-induced cells, while ELISA was used to analyze the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, and IL-1β in cells with Hsp27 or Noxa stable expression. Results: Overexpression of Hsp27 upregulated the inflammatory cytokines and the release of IκBα, promoted transportation of p65 into the nucleus, and lastly, affected the inflammation process, while Sch B counteracted the upregulation. In addition, the effect of Noxa overexpression, which is different from Hsp27 overexpression, was consistent with that of Sch B treatment. Conclusions: Sch B may inhibit the inflammatory cascade and alleviate the injury to HMEC-1, HBMEC, and HUEVC-12 cells caused by HG by regulating the Noxa/Hsp27/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ning Lin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Dong Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou 545007, P.R. China
| | - Si-En Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang 537120, P.R. China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhan-Man Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
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Schisandrin B attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling in mice by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4645-4652. [PMID: 31798701 PMCID: PMC6878904 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of schisandrin B (Sch B) on myocardial hypertrophy induced by pressure overload in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: i) Sham (n=12); ii) transverse aortic constriction (TAC) (n=12); and iii) Sch B-treated (n=12; 80 mg·kg−1·d−1 per gavage). The model of myocardial hypertrophy was established by constricting the descending branch of the aortic arch. Following a 4-week treatment period, cardiac remodeling was evaluated using echocardiography and pathological and molecular analysis. Sch B improved cardiac function in the Sch B-treated group compared with the TAC group. Moreover, the Sch B-treated group had a smaller myocardial cell cross-sectional area and less fibrosis compared with the TAC group. The protein expression levels of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis markers in the TAC group were significantly higher compared with those in the sham group. The same markers in the Sch B-treated group were significantly lower compared with those in the TAC group. Additionally, the phosphorylation levels of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-associated proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase were significantly lower in the Sch B-treated group compared with the TAC group. Further in vitro investigation demonstrated that Sch B prevented the adverse effects of angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy and fibrosis by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway in H9c2 cells. In conclusion, Sch B may improve pathological myocardial remodeling and cardiac function induced by pressure overload, and its underlying mechanism may be associated with inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Man S, Li M, Zhou J, Wang H, Zhang J, Ma L. Polyethyleneimine coated Fe 3O 4 magnetic nanoparticles induce autophagy, NF-κB and TGF-β signaling pathway activation in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells via reactive oxygen species generation. Biomater Sci 2019; 8:201-211. [PMID: 31664285 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), as one of the most intensively researched NPs, have a range of applications in cancer treatments. In current research, we have focused on the influences of MNPs on cancer cells. We chose polyethyleneimine (PEI) coated MNPs (PEI-MNPs) as a model and they are colloidally stable in biological media. It can be proved that PEI-MNPs result in autophagy induction via mTOR-Akt-p70S6 K and ATG7 signaling pathways. For the first time, we have reported that PEI-MNPs activate both NF-κB and TGF-β signaling, two key pro-inflammatory pathways, in cancer cells. More significantly, we have found that autophagy induction and NF-κB and TGF-β activation can be efficiently suppressed through the inhibition of PEI-MNP dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) over-production. ROS are deemed as a 'double edge sword' for cancer cells, owing to the cancer-suppressing and cancer-promoting actions. Our findings would be useful for designing MNPs induced ROS anti-cancer strategies or diminishing long-term toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Man
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Miao Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Jin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Haiyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Long Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Hseu YC, Yang TY, Li ML, Rajendran P, Mathew DC, Tsai CH, Lin RW, Lee CC, Yang HL. Chalcone flavokawain A attenuates TGF-β1-induced fibrotic pathology via inhibition of ROS/Smad3 signaling pathways and induction of Nrf2/ARE-mediated antioxidant genes in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:775-788. [PMID: 30549180 PMCID: PMC6349172 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF‐β1 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of vascular fibrotic diseases. Chalcones are reportedly cancer chemo‐preventive food components that are rich in fruits and vegetables. In this study, flavokawain A (FKA, 2‐30 μM), a naturally occurring chalcone in kava extracts, was evaluated for its anti‐fibrotic and antioxidant properties in TGF‐β1‐stimulated vascular smooth muscle (A7r5) cells, as well as its underlying molecular mechanism of action. Immunofluorescence data showed down‐regulated F‐actin expression with FKA treatment in TGF‐β1‐stimulated A7r5 cells. Western blotting demonstrated that FKA treatment suppressed the expression of α‐SMA and fibronectin proteins under TGF‐β1 stimulation. Findings from wound‐healing and invasion experiments showed that FKA inhibits TGF‐β1‐mediated migration and invasion. Western blotting demonstrated that treatment with FKA down‐regulated MMP‐9 and MMP‐2 and up‐regulated TIMP‐1 expression. Further evidence showed that FKA decreased TGF‐β1‐mediated phosphorylation and the transcriptional activity of Smad3. TGF‐β1‐induced excessive ROS production was remarkably reversed by FKA treatment in A7r5 cells, and inhibition by FKA or N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) substantially diminished TGF‐β1‐induced p‐Smad3 activation and wound‐healing migration. Interestingly, FKA‐mediated antioxidant properties were associated with increased nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and elevated antioxidant response element (ARE) luciferase activity. Activation of Nrf2/ARE signaling was accompanied by the induction of HO‐1, NQO‐1 and γ‐GCLC genes in FKA‐treated A7r5 cells. Notably, silencing of Nrf2 (siRNA transfection) significantly diminished the FKA‐mediated antioxidant effects, indicating that FKA may inhibit TGF‐β1‐induced fibrosis through suppressing ROS generation in A7r5 cells. Our results suggested that anti‐fibrotic and antioxidant activities of the chalcone flavokawain A may contribute to the development of food‐based chemo‐preventive drugs for fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Li
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dony Chacko Mathew
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Tsai
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Wan Lin
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chen Lee
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Qin JH, Lin JR, Ding WF, Wu WH. Schisandrin B Improves the Renal Function of IgA Nephropathy Rats Through Inhibition of the NF-κB Signalling Pathway. Inflammation 2018; 42:884-894. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Chen X, Cao J, Sun Y, Dai Y, Zhu J, Zhang X, Zhao X, Wang L, Zhao T, Li Y, Liu Y, Wei G, Zhang T, Yan Z. Ethanol extract of Schisandrae chinensis fructus ameliorates the extent of experimentally induced atherosclerosis in rats by increasing antioxidant capacity and improving endothelial dysfunction. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:612-619. [PMID: 31070526 PMCID: PMC6282463 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1523933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Schisandrae chinensis fructus, the dried ripe fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (Magnoliaceae) has been used for thousands of years as a traditional Chinese herb, which can attenuate and prevent the development of cardiovascular events. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of the ethanol extracts from Schisandrae chinensis fructus fruit (EESC) on experimental atherosclerosis (AS) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Treatment with EESC (0.35, 0.7, 1.4 g/kg/d, i.g.) and simvastatin (4 mg/kg/d, i.g.) on AS rats for 3 weeks. Sprague-Dawley rats on normal chow and under water treatment were used as control. The content of schisandrin, schisandrin A and schisandrin B in EESC was detected by HPLC. Aortic pathology changes, serum biochemical indices and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and heame oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expressions were measured. RESULTS Schisandrin, schisandrin A and schisandrin B contents were 291.8, 81.46 and 279.1 mg/g of dry weight, respectively. EESC significantly reduced the aortic plaque area (76.5, 90.5 and 73.9% reduction), regulated the levels of serum lipid (p < 0.05), enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities (p < 0.01), reduced the malondialdehyde levels (72.5, 69.3, 67.3%), and up-regulated the Nrf-2 and HO-1 expression (p < 0.05). Furthermore, EESC reduced the levels of oxidized-LDL and endothelin-1 and thromboxane B2 but increased that of 6-keto prostaglandin F1α (p < 0.05). Acute toxicity was calculated on mice to be LD50 > 20 g/kg. CONCLUSIONS EESC positively affects the treatment of AS in vivo and the findings will provide a reliable theoretical basis for developing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jiahong Cao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yong Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yaolan Dai
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jiali Zhu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Liwen Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yongbiao Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Youping Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Guihua Wei
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Tiane Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
- CONTACT Zhiyong Yan School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China; Tiane Zhang School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Yan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
- CONTACT Zhiyong Yan School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China; Tiane Zhang School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
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Jin H, Wang Z, Gu Z, Wu J, Bai X, Shao Z, Miao J, Wang Q, Wang Q, Wang X. Schisandrin B attenuates epidural fibrosis in postlaminectomy rats by inhibiting proliferation and extracellular matrix production of fibroblasts. Phytother Res 2018; 33:107-116. [PMID: 30346051 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Laminectomy has been widely considered one of the most common treatments for lumbar disorders. Epidural fibrosis (EF) is a common complication after laminectomy, causing recurrent postoperative pain. Schisandrin B (Sch.B), the active ingredient extracted from Schisandra chinensis Fructus, has been found to have potent antiproliferative and antifibrotic effects on several cells. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Sch.B on the prevention of postlaminectomy EF formation. In vitro, we studied the effects of Sch.B on transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production of primary fibroblasts, as well as its underlying mechanism. We found that Sch.B not only inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts but also reduced ECM production, including that of connective tissue growth factor, fibronectin, and type I collagen, in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we found that Sch.B suppressed TGF-β1-stimulated activation of the Smad2/3 and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Moreover, the in vivo study demonstrated that Sch.B treatment attenuated the progression of EF in a postlaminectomy rat model via reducing the cell number and ECM production of scar tissue. Taken together, these data suggested that Sch.B possesses great potential value as a preventative agent for EF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zenan Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Bai
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenxuan Shao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiansen Miao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, China
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16
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Zhang K, Zhang J, Wang X, Wang L, Pugliese M, Passantino A, Li J. Cardioprotection of Sheng Mai Yin a classic formula on adriamycin induced myocardial injury in Wistar rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 38:1-11. [PMID: 29425641 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sheng Mai Yin (SMY), a well-known Chinese herbal medicine, is widely used to treat cardiac diseases characterized by the deficiency of Qi and Yin syndrome in China. SMY-based treatment has been derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), officially recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. PURPOSE We aimed to clarify whether SMY attenuates myocardial injury induced by adriamycin in Wistar rats with chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS To quantify ginsenoside Rg1, ophiopogonin D, ophiopogonin D', schisandrin by HPLC. To establish CHF animal model, adriamycin was intraperitoneally injected in Wistar rats for 7 weeks at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight. Overall, 180 rats were randomly assigned to six groups: control, CHF model, captopril (positive control), high dose (HSMY), medium dose (MSMY), and low dose (LSMY). Experimental rats were fed 0.625 mg/kg captopril and 90 mg/kg, 45 mg/kg, and 22.5 mg/kg SMY, respectively, over 7 weeks. The inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were measured using ELISA. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were identified using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Both IHC and RT-PCR were used for quantification of COL-IV expression levels in the heart tissues. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the visualization of myocardium morphology. RESULTS The concentration of ginsenoside Rg1, ophiopogonin D, ophiopogonin D' and schisandrin in SMY was found to be 25.63 ± 3.42 mg, 11.00 ± 1.17 mg, 7.02 ± 0.51 mg, and 25.31 ± 4.28 mg per gram of SMY, respectively. Compared with CHF model group, TNF-α levels were significantly lower (p < .01) in the four drug-administered groups. Moreover, except in the SYM low dose group, IL-6 levels in the other 3 drug-administered groups were also significantly reduced (p < .01). COL-IV expression was also significantly reduced on treatment with high SYM dose (p < .05). IHC results confirmed that SMY and captopril significantly reduced MMPs expression in the heart. CONCLUSION SMY could control or slow CHF progression by suppressing pathological changes in the myocardium in CHF models. This could be attributed at least partly to the downregulation of IL-6 and TNF-α and inhibition of overexpression of MMPs and COL-IV, which significantly relieved the cardiac-linked pathologies, decreased the risk of myocardial fibrosis, and inhibited cardiac remodeling. These findings suggested that SMY and captopril have similar efficacy for the treatment of adriamycin-induced myocardial injury. In addition, Chinese herbal preparation SMY may play a role in the treatment of cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xurong Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Michela Pugliese
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Jianxi Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China.
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Schisandrol B and schisandrin B inhibit TGFβ1-mediated NF-κB activation via a Smad-independent mechanism. Oncotarget 2017; 9:3121-3130. [PMID: 29423034 PMCID: PMC5790451 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) signaling plays a pathogenic role in the development of vascular fibrosis. We have reported that Schisandra chinensis fruit extract (SCE), which has been used as a traditional oriental medicine, suppresses TGFβ1-mediated phenotypes in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, it is still largely unknown about the pharmacologic effects of SCE on various TGFβ1 signaling components. In this study, we found that SCE attenuated TGFβ1-induced NF-κB activation and nuclear translocation in VSMCs. Among the five active ingredients of SCE that were examined, schisandrol B (SolB) and schisandrin B (SchB) most potently suppressed TGFβ1-mediated NF-κB activation. In addition, SolB and SchB effectively inhibited IKKα/β activation and IκBα phosphorylation in TGFβ1-treated VSMCs. The pharmacologic effects of SolB and SchB on NF-κB activation were independent of the Smad-mediated canonical pathway. Therefore, our study demonstrates that SCE and its active constituents SolB and SchB suppress TGFβ1-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway in a Smad-independent mechanism. Our results may help further investigations to develop novel multi-targeted therapeutic strategies that treat or prevent vascular fibrotic diseases.
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18
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Chen Q, Zhang H, Cao Y, Li Y, Sun S, Zhang J, Zhang G. Schisandrin B attenuates CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis in rats by regulation of Nrf2-ARE and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:2179-2191. [PMID: 28794616 PMCID: PMC5538685 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s137507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a major pathological feature of chronic liver diseases and there is no effective therapy program at present. Schisandrin B (Sch B) is the major bioactive ingredient of Schisandra chinensis, with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and hepatoprotective properties. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and related molecular mechanism of Sch B against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. The in vivo therapeutic effect of Sch B on liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 was examined in rats. In vitro, rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6) were used to assess the effect of Sch B on the activation of HSCs. Sch B effectively attenuated liver damage and progression of liver fibrosis in rats, as evidenced by improved liver function and decreased collagen deposition. The effects of Sch B were associated with attenuating oxidative stress by activating nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant signaling and suppressing HSC activation by inhibiting the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway. In an in vitro study, it was shown that Sch B inhibited TGF-β-induced HSC activation. Finally, Sch B significantly inhibited TGF-β1-stimulated phosphorylation of Smad and signaling of mitogen-activated protein kinases. This study demonstrates that Sch B prevents the progression of liver fibrosis by the regulation of Nrf2-ARE and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways, and indicates that Sch B can be used for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Pel P, Chae HS, Nhoek P, Yeo W, Kim YM, Chin YW. Lignans from the fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill inhibit proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 expression. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 136:119-124. [PMID: 28139296 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the fruits of Schisandra chinensis, using the proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) mRNA expression screening assay, led to isolation of two previously unknown lignans, 14-tigloylschinlignan D and rel-(7R, 8R, 7'R, 8'R)-manglisin E, along with 28 known compounds. All structures were established by NMR spectroscopic data as well as CD and MS analysis. All isolates were tested for their inhibitory activities on the mRNA expression of PCSK9. Of the tested compounds, four of the compounds rel-(7R, 8R, 7'R, 8'R)-manglisin E, (-)-schisandrin C, schinlignan D, and (+)-schisandrol B potently inhibited PCSK9 mRNA expression with IC50 values of 3.15, 3.85, 0.36, and 1.10 μM, respectively. Furthermore, schinlignan D and (+)-schisandrol B were found to suppress PCSK9 protein expressions and schinlignan D deemed to increase low density lipoprotein receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pisey Pel
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32, Dongguk-lo, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Chae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32, Dongguk-lo, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Piseth Nhoek
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32, Dongguk-lo, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Yeo
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32, Dongguk-lo, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32, Dongguk-lo, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Jang H, Bae WJ, Kim SJ, Cho HJ, Yuk SM, Han DS, Youn CS, Kwon EB, Hwang SY, Kim SW. The herbal formula KH-204 is protective against erectile dysfunction by minimizing oxidative stress and improving lipid profiles in a rat model of erectile dysfunction induced by hypercholesterolaemia. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:129. [PMID: 28235412 PMCID: PMC5324223 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Hypercholesterolaemia (HC) is a major risk factor for ischemic heart disease and is also known to be a risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). ED caused by HC is thought to be related to HC-induced oxidative stress damage in the vascular endothelium and erectile tissue. KH-204 is an herbal formula with a strong antioxidant effect. We evaluated the effects of KH-204 on erectile function in a rat model of HC-induced ED. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old) were divided into normal control, high-fat and cholesterol diet (HFC), and HFC with KH-204 treatment (HFC + KH) groups (n = 12 each). Normal control group rats were fed normal chow diet. HFC and HFC + KH group rats were fed high-fat and cholesterol diets and treated with or without daily oral doses of KH-204 for 12 weeks. Subsequently, intracavernous pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured, and lipid profiles, expression of endothelial (eNOS) and neuronal (nNOS) nitric oxide synthase, oxidative stress (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine), and ratio of smooth muscle cells and collagen fibres were evaluated in the serum and corpora tissue. Results Compared to the HFC group, the HFC + KH group showed statistically significant increases in peak ICP and ICP/MAP ratio, expression of eNOS and nNOS, and ratio of smooth muscle cells and collagen fibres (p < 0.05). The HFC + KH group also showed statistically significant decreases in oxidative stress (p < 0.05). Further the lipid profiles of this group were ameliorated compared to those of the HFC group (p < 0.05). Conclusions The current study shows that the antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects of KH-204 are effective in ameliorating ED by restoring endothelial dysfunction and suggests that KH-204 may be a potential therapeutic agent for ED by correcting the fundamental cause of ED.
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Park S, Lee S, Park EJ, Kang M, So I, Jeon JH, Chun JN. TGFβ1 induces stress fiber formation through upregulation of TRPC6 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 483:129-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Szopa A, Ekiert R, Ekiert H. Current knowledge of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (Chinese magnolia vine) as a medicinal plant species: a review on the bioactive components, pharmacological properties, analytical and biotechnological studies. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2016; 16:195-218. [PMID: 28424569 PMCID: PMC5378736 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-016-9470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis Turcz. (Baill.) is a plant species whose fruits have been well known in Far Eastern medicine for a long time. However, schisandra seems to be a plant still underestimated in contemporary therapy still in the countries of East Asia. The article presents latest available information on the chemical composition of this plant species. Special attention is given to dibenzo cyclooctadiene lignans. In addition, recent studies of the biological activity of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans and schisandra fruit extracts are recapitulated. The paper gives a short resume of their beneficial effects in biological systems in vitro, in animals, and in humans, thus underlining their medicinal potential. The cosmetic properties are depicted, too. The analytical methods used for assaying schisandra lignans in the scientific studies and also in industry are also presented. Moreover, special attention is given to the information on the latest biotechnological studies of this plant species. The intention of this review is to contribute to a better understanding of the huge potential of the pharmacological relevance of S. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Radosław Ekiert
- "Herbapol" Krakow S.A., ul Chałupnika 14, 31-464 Kraków, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Yi H, Chen Y, Liu J, Zhang J, Guo W, Xiao W, Yao Y. Extraction and Separation of Active Ingredients in Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill and the Study of their Antifungal Effects. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154731. [PMID: 27152614 PMCID: PMC4859564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis extracts (SEs) have traditionally been used as an oriental medicine for the treatment of various human diseases, however, their further application in the biocontrol of plant disease remains poorly understood. This study was conducted to develop eco-friendly botanical pesticides from extracts of S. chinensis and assess whether they could play a key role in plant disease defense. Concentrated active fractions (SE-I, SE-II, and SE-III) were obtained from S. chinensis via specific extraction and separation. Then, lignan-like substances, such as Schisanhenol B, were detected via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-ElectroSpray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) analyses of the active fractions. Moreover, the results from biological tests on colony growth inhibition and spore germination indicated that SE-I, SE-II, and SE-III could inhibit hyphal growth and spore generation of three important plant pathogenic fungi (Monilinia fructicola, Fusarium oxysporum, and Botryosphaeria dothidea). The study of the mechanisms of resistant fungi revealed that the oxidation resistance system, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), was activated. The expression of genes related to defense, such as pathogenesis-related protein (PR4), α-farnesene synthase (AFS), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were shown to be up-regulated after treatment with SEs, which suggested an increase in apple immunity and that fruits were induced to effectively defend against the infection of pathogenic fungi (B. dothidea). This study revealed that SEs and their lignans represent promising resources for the development of safe, effective, and multi-targeted agents against pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Yi
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agriculture Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agriculture Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agriculture Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agriculture Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Weilie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yuncong Yao
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agriculture Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, 102206, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Zhao X, Liu C, Xu M, Li X, Bi K, Jia Y. Total Lignans of Schisandra chinensis Ameliorates Aβ1-42-Induced Neurodegeneration with Cognitive Impairment in Mice and Primary Mouse Neuronal Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152772. [PMID: 27035824 PMCID: PMC4818042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignan compounds extracted from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. have been reported to possess various biological activities, and have potential in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. This study was designed to investigate the effects of total lignans of Schisandra chinensis (TLS) on cognitive function and neurodegeneration in the model of AD induced by Aβ1–42in vivo and in vitro. It was found that intragastric infusion with TLS (50 and 200 mg/kg) to Aβ1–42-induced mice significantly increased the number of avoidances in the shuttle-box test and swimming time in the target quadrant in the Morris water maze test. TLS at dose of 200 mg/kg significantly restored the activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), as well as the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) both in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex in mice. Results of histopathological examination indicated that TLS noticeably ameliorated the neurodegeneration in the hippocampus in mice. On the other hand, TLS (100 μM) could protect the Aβ1–42-induced primary mouse neuronal cells by blocking the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), change the expressions of Bcl-2 (important regulator in the mitochondria apoptosis pathway). Moreover, TLS also decreased the activity of β-secretase 1 (BACE1), crucial protease contributes to the hydrolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and inhibited the expression of JKN/p38, which involved in the MAPKs signaling pathways in both mice and primary mouse neuronal cells. In summary, TLS might protect against cognitive deficits and neurodegeneration by releasing the damage of oxidative stress, inhibiting the expression of BACE1 and the MAPKs inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Mengjie Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ying Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China
- * E-mail:
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Essential Roles of RNA-binding Protein HuR in Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22141. [PMID: 26912347 PMCID: PMC4766441 DOI: 10.1038/srep22141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding protein HuR mediates transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced profibrogenic actions. Up-regulation of Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is involved in TGF-β1-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in liver fibrogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism of TGF-β1 regulates SphK1 remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the role of HuR in TGF-β1-induced SphK1 expression and identify a new molecular mechanism in liver fibrogenensis. In vivo, HuR expression was increased, translocated to cytoplasm, and bound to SphK1 mRNA in carbon tetrachloride- and bile duct ligation-induced mouse fibrotic liver. HuR mRNA expression had a positive correlation with mRNA expressions of SphK1 and fibrotic markers, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Collagen α1(I), respectively. In vitro, up-regulation of SphK1 and activation of HSCs stimulated by TGF-β1 depended on HuR cytoplasmic accumulation. The effects of TGF-β1 were diminished when HuR was silenced or HuR cytoplasmic translocation was blocked. Meanwhile, overexpression of HuR mimicked the effects of TGF-β1. Furthermore, TGF-β1 prolonged half-life of SphK1 mRNA by promoting its binding to HuR. Pharmacological or siRNA-induced SphK1 inhibition abrogated HuR-mediated HSC activation. In conclusion, our data suggested that HuR bound to SphK1 mRNA and played a crucial role in TGF-β1-induced HSC activation.
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Ahn TS, Kim DG, Hong NR, Park HS, Kim H, Ha KT, Jeon JH, So I, Kim BJ. Effects of Schisandra chinensis extract on gastrointestinal motility in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 169:163-169. [PMID: 25862968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (SC) continues to be used as a traditional folk medicine in Asia, especially for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders related to gastritis, diarrhea, enterocolitis and abnormal GI motility. AIM OF THE STUDY Because GI disorders, especially abnormal GI motility, are major lifelong problems, we investigated the effects of SC on the pacemaker activity of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) in murine small intestine and GI motility. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enzymatic digestions were used to dissociate ICCs from small intestines, and the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record potentials generated by cultured ICCs. In vivo effects of SC on GI motility were investigated by measuring the intestinal transit rate (ITR) of Evans blue in normal and GI motility dysfunction mice. RESULTS SC extracts depolarized the membrane potentials of ICCs in a dose dependent manner. Pretreatment with Ca(2+) free solution or thapsigargin (a Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor in the endoplasmic reticulum) abolished the generation of pacemaker potentials by ICCs, and under these conditions, SC extract did not depolarize the membrane potentials of ICCs. In addition, membrane depolarizations were inhibited by intracellular GDPβS and by U-73122 (an active phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor). In normal mice, ITRs were significantly increased by SC extract (0.1-1g/kg, intragastrically (i.g.)) in a dose dependent manner. Also, SC extract significantly recovered the GI motility dysfunctions in acetic acid (AA)-injected and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, which are the GI motility animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS SC extract modulates pacemaker potentials in ICCs in a dose dependent manner via external and internal Ca(2+) regulations, and via G protein and the PLC pathway. In addition, SC extract increased ITRs in normal and abnormal GI motility mice models. This study shows that SC extract offers a basis for the development of a prokinetic agent that prevents or alleviates GI motility dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Seok Ahn
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Geon Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Noo Ri Hong
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Park
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Division of Applied Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Jeon
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea.
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Hakala E, Hanski L, Uvell H, Yrjönen T, Vuorela H, Elofsson M, Vuorela PM. Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from Schisandra spp. selectively inhibit the growth of the intracellular bacteria Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia trachomatis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2015; 68:609-14. [PMID: 25944533 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2015.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lignans from Schisandra chinensis berries show various pharmacological activities, of which their antioxidative and cytoprotective properties are among the most studied ones. Here, the first report on antibacterial properties of six dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans found in Schisandra spp. is presented. The activity was shown on two related intracellular Gram-negative bacteria Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia trachomatis upon their infection in human epithelial cells. All six lignans inhibited C. pneumoniae inclusion formation and infectious progeny production. Schisandrin B inhibited C. pneumoniae inclusion formation even when administered 8 h post infection, indicating a target that occurs relatively late within the infection cycle. Upon infection, lignan-pretreated C. pneumoniae elementary bodies had impaired inclusion formation capacity. The presence and substitution pattern of methylenedioxy, methoxy and hydroxyl groups of the lignans had a profound impact on the antichlamydial activity. In addition our data suggest that the antichlamydial activity is not caused only by the antioxidative properties of the lignans. None of the compounds showed inhibition on seven other bacteria, suggesting a degree of selectivity of the antibacterial effect. Taken together, the data presented support a role of the studied lignans as interesting antichlamydial lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Hakala
- Pharmaceutical Biology, CDR, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Hanski
- Pharmaceutical Biology, CDR, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Uvell
- Laboratories for Chemical Biology Umeå, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Teijo Yrjönen
- Pharmaceutical Biology, CDR, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Vuorela
- Pharmaceutical Biology, CDR, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Elofsson
- Laboratories for Chemical Biology Umeå, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pia Maarit Vuorela
- Pharmaceutical Biology, CDR, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Kwan HY, Niu X, Dai W, Tong T, Chao X, Su T, Chan CL, Lee KC, Fu X, Yi H, Yu H, Li T, Tse AKW, Fong WF, Pan SY, Lu A, Yu ZL. Lipidomic-based investigation into the regulatory effect of Schisandrin B on palmitic acid level in non-alcoholic steatotic livers. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9114. [PMID: 25766252 PMCID: PMC4358044 DOI: 10.1038/srep09114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Schisandrin B (SchB) is one of the most abundant bioactive dibenzocyclooctadiene derivatives found in the fruit of Schisandra chinensis. Here, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of SchB on non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD). In lipidomic study, ingenuity pathway analysis highlighted palmitate biosynthesis metabolic pathway in the liver samples of SchB-treated high-fat-diet-fed mice. Further experiments showed that the SchB treatment reduced expression and activity of fatty acid synthase, expressions of hepatic mature sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and hepatic level of palmitic acid which is known to promote progression of steatosis to steatohepatitis. Furthermore, the treatment also reduced hepatic fibrosis, activated nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor-2 which is known to attenuate the progression of NASH-related fibrosis. Interestingly, in fasting mice, a single high-dose SchB induced transient lipolysis and increased the expressions of adipose triglyceride lipase and phospho-hormone sensitive lipase. The treatment also increased plasma cholesterol levels and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity, reduced the hepatic low-density-lipoprotein receptor expression in these mice. Our data not only suggest SchB is a potential therapeutic agent for NAFLD, but also provided important information for a safe consumption of SchB because SchB overdosed under fasting condition will have adverse effects on lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Yee Kwan
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuyan Niu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Wenlin Dai
- Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tiejun Tong
- Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chao
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Su
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chi Leung Chan
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kim Chung Lee
- Agilent Technology, Hong Kong Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiuqiong Fu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua Yi
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Li
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anfernee Kai Wing Tse
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wang Fun Fong
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Si-Yuan Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
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Neuroprotective therapeutics from botanicals and phytochemicals against Huntington's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. J Herb Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kim HS, Lee JH, Park HS, Lee GS, Kim HW, Ha KT, Kim BJ. Schizandra chinensis extracts induce apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells via JNK/p38 MAPK activation and the ROS-mediated/mitochondria-dependent pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:212-219. [PMID: 25243868 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.913297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Schizandra chinensis Baill (Magnoliaceae) fruit extract (SCE) is considered a traditional herbal medicine for the treatment and alleviation of various diseases. Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and the first most common in Korea. OBJECTIVES This study investigates the mechanism of SCE-induced apoptosis in AGS human gastric cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS SCE concentrations from 100 to 400 µg/ml were used. Cell viabilities were determined using MTT assay. Members of the Bcl-2 family and Bax were detected by Western blotting. RT-PCR was performed to measure the expression level of the Fas/FasL pro-apoptotic genes. RESULTS SCE inhibited the proliferation AGS cells for 24 or 72 h (inhibition by 3.1% ± 5.2% at 100 µg/ml and 87.3% ± 7.6% at 400 µg/ml at 24 h and by 40.2% ± 5.3% 100 µg/ml and 95.3% ± 1.3% 400 µg/ml at 72 h) and increased the sub-G1 phase (25.3% ± 5.2% at 100 µg/ml and 370.2% ± 7.2% at 400 µg/ml) and the mitochondrial membrane depolarization (11.2% ± 2.1% at 100 µg/ml and 311.5% ± 6.1% at 400 µg/ml). The SCE-induced apoptotic cell death showed the down-regulation of Bcl-2, but up-regulation of Bax. Subsequently, SCE increased the expression level of Fas/FasL, activated caspase-9 and -3, and increased reactive oxygen species generation. Also, JNK II inhibitor or a p38 MAPK inhibitor inhibited SCE-induced cell death. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results indicate that SCE might be an effective chemotherapeutic for the treatment of human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sul Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine , Yangsan , Republic of Korea
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Chun JN, Cho M, So I, Jeon JH. The protective effects of Schisandra chinensis fruit extract and its lignans against cardiovascular disease: A review of the molecular mechanisms. Fitoterapia 2014; 97:224-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Xiang SS, Wang XA, Li HF, Shu YJ, Bao RF, Zhang F, Cao Y, Ye YY, Weng H, Wu WG, Mu JS, Wu XS, Li ML, Hu YP, Jiang L, Tan ZJ, Lu W, Liu F, Liu YB. Schisandrin B induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of gallbladder cancer cells. Molecules 2014; 19:13235-50. [PMID: 25165862 PMCID: PMC6271519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190913235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer, with high aggressivity and extremely poor prognosis, is the most common malignancy of the bile duct. The main objective of the paper was to investigate the effects of schisandrin B (Sch B) on gallbladder cancer cells and identify the mechanisms underlying its potential anticancer effects. We showed that Sch B inhibited the viability and proliferation of human gallbladder cancer cells in a dose-, time -dependent manner through MTT and colony formation assays, and decrease mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) at a dose-dependent manner through flow cytometry. Flow cytometry assays also revealed G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in GBC-SD and NOZ cells. Western blot analysis of Sch B-treated cells revealed the upregulation of Bax, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP and downregulation of Bcl-2, NF-κB, cyclin D1 and CDK-4. Moreover, this drug also inhibited the tumor growth in nude mice carrying subcutaneous NOZ tumor xenografts. These data demonstrated that Sch B induced apoptosis in gallbladder cancer cells by regulating apoptosis-related protein expression, and suggests that Sch B may be a promising drug for the treatment of gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xu-An Wang
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huai-Feng Li
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi-Jun Shu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Run-Fa Bao
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ye
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hao Weng
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen-Guang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Mu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiang-Song Wu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mao-Lan Li
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yun-Ping Hu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Tan
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Feng Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital Nanchang University Emergency Unit, No. 17 Yongwai Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Ying-Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Chun JN, Kim SY, Park EJ, Kwon EJ, Bae DJ, Kim IS, Kim HK, Park JK, Lee SW, Park HH, So I, Jeon JH. Schisandrin B suppresses TGFβ1-induced stress fiber formation by inhibiting myosin light chain phosphorylation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 152:364-371. [PMID: 24486209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandra chinensis fruit extract (SCE) has been used as a traditional oriental medicine for treating vascular diseases. However, the pharmacologic effects and mechanisms of SCE on vascular fibrosis are still largely unknown. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)-mediated cellular changes are closely associated with the pathogenesis of vascular fibrotic diseases. Particularly, TGFβ1 induces actin stress fiber formation that is a crucial mechanism underlying vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration in response to vascular injury. In this study, we investigated the effect of SCE and its active ingredients on TGFβ1-induced stress fiber assembly in A7r5 VSMCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate pharmacological actions of SCE and its ingredients on TGFβ1-treated VSMCs, we have employed molecular and cell biological technologies, such as confocal microscopy, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, western blotting, and radiometric enzyme analyses. RESULTS We found that SCE inhibited TGFβ1-induced stress fiber formation and cell migration. Schisandrin B (SchB) showed the most prominent effect among the active ingredients of SCE tested. SchB reduced TGFβ1-mediated phosphorylation of myosin light chain, and this effect was independent of RhoA/Rho-associated kinase pathway. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer and radiometric enzyme assays confirmed that SchB inhibited myosin light chain kinase activity. We also showed that SchB decreased TGFβ1-mediated induction of α-smooth muscle actin by inhibiting Smad signaling. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that SCE and its active ingredient SchB suppressed TGFβ1-induced stress fiber formation at the molecular level. Therefore, our findings may help future investigations to develop multi-targeted therapeutic strategies that attenuate VSMC migration and vascular fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Nyeo Chun
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Kwon
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Bae
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Kim
- Department of Urology, Medical School and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kwan Park
- Department of Urology, Medical School and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Jeon
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea.
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Chen P, Pang S, Yang N, Meng H, Liu J, Zhou N, Zhang M, Xu Z, Gao W, Chen B, Tao Z, Wang L, Yang Z. Beneficial effects of schisandrin B on the cardiac function in mice model of myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79418. [PMID: 24260217 PMCID: PMC3832629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit of Schisandra chinensis has been used in the traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Accumulating evidence suggests that Schisandrin B (Sch B) has cardioprotection effect on myocardial ischemia invitro. However, it is unclear whether Sch B has beneficial effects on continuous myocardial ischemia in vivo. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether Sch B could improve cardiac function and attenuate myocardial remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. Mice model of MI was established by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Then the MI mice were randomly treated with Sch B or vehicle alone. After treatment for 3 weeks, Sch B could increase survival rate, improve heart function and decrease infarct size compared with vehicle. Moreover, Sch B could down-regulate some inflammatory cytokines, activate eNOS pathway, inhibit cell apoptosis, and enhance cell proliferation. Further in vitro study on H9c2 cells showed similar effects of Sch B on prevention of hypoxia-induced inflammation and cell apoptosis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Sch B can reduce inflammation, inhibit apoptosis, and improve cardiac function after ischemic injury. It represents a potential novel therapeutic approach for treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengsheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sisi Pang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Naiquan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Huai’an Second People’s Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Huai’an, China
| | - Haoyu Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Clinical Diabetes Centre of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ningtian Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihui Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengxian Tao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Bunel V, Antoine MH, Nortier J, Duez P, Stévigny C. Protective effects of schizandrin and schizandrin B towards cisplatin nephrotoxicity in vitro. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:1311-9. [PMID: 24155209 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Renal proximal tubular epithelial cells are the main targets of toxic drugs such as cisplatin (CisPt), an alkylating agent indicated for the treatment of solid organ tumors. Current techniques aiming at reducing nephrotoxicity in patients receiving CisPt are still not satisfactory as they can only partially prevent acute kidney injury. New nephroprotective strategies remain to be developed. In the present in vitro study, schizandrin (Schi) and schizandrin B (Schi B), major phytochemicals from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. fruits, were tested on HK-2 cells along four processes that could help alleviate CisPt toxicity. Results indicated that: (i) both Schi and Schi B enhanced cell survival via reducing apoptosis rate; (ii) only Schi showed moderate effects towards modulation of regeneration capacities of healthy cells; (iii) both Schi and Schi B limited extracellular matrix deposition; and (iv) both compounds could help preventing dedifferentiation processes via the β-catenin pathway. Schi and Schi B present promising activities for future development of protective agents against CisPt nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérian Bunel
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Bromatology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Pansanit A, Park EJ, Kondratyuk TP, Pezzuto JM, Lirdprapamongkol K, Kittakoop P. Vermelhotin, an anti-inflammatory agent, suppresses nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells via p38 inhibition. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:1824-1827. [PMID: 24016057 DOI: 10.1021/np400565e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Vermelhotin exhibited potential anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of nitric oxide production (IC₅₀ = 5.35 ± 0.59 μM) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Vermelhotin suppressed expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at mRNA and protein levels, in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies revealed that vermelhotin abrogated upstream signaling of iNOS expression by selectively inhibiting p38 phosphorylation, while ERK and JNK activations were not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharavadee Pansanit
- Chemical Biology Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute , Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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Selimovic D, El-Khattouti A, Ghozlan H, Haikel Y, Abdelkader O, Hassan M. Hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: An insight into molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. World J Hepatol 2012; 4:342-55. [PMID: 23355912 PMCID: PMC3554798 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v4.i12.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects more than 170 million people worldwide, and thereby becomes a series global health challenge. Chronic infection with HCV is considered one of the major causes of end-stage liver disease including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the multiple functions of the HCV proteins and their impacts on the modulation of the intracellular signaling transduction processes, the drive of carcinogenesis during the infection with HCV, is thought to result from the interactions of viral proteins with host cell proteins. Thus, the induction of mutator phenotype, in liver, by the expression of HCV proteins provides a key mechanism for the development of HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is considered one of the most common malignancies worldwide with increasing incidence during the past decades. In many countries, the trend of HCC is attributed to several liver diseases including HCV infection. However, the development of HCC is very complicated and results mainly from the imbalance between tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, as well as from the alteration of cellular factors leading to a genomic instability. Besides the poor prognosis of HCC patients, this type of tumor is quite resistance to the available therapies. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms, which are implicated in the development of HCC during the course of HCV infection, may help to design a general therapeutic protocol for the treatment and/or the prevention of this malignancy. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms, which are involved in the development of HCV-associated HCC and the possible therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Selimovic
- Denis Selimovic, Youssef Haikel, Mohamed Hassan, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 977, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Liu Z, Zhang B, Liu K, Ding Z, Hu X. Schisandrin B attenuates cancer invasion and metastasis via inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40480. [PMID: 22848381 PMCID: PMC3405072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metastasis is the major cause of cancer related death and targeting the process of metastasis has been proposed as a strategy to combat cancer. Therefore, to develop candidate drugs that target the process of metastasis is very important. In the preliminary studies, we found that schisandrin B (Sch B), a naturally-occurring dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan with very low toxicity, could suppress cancer metastasis. Methodology BALB/c mice were inoculated subcutaneously or injected via tail vein with murine breast cancer 4T1 cells. Mice were divided into Sch B-treated and control groups. The primary tumor growth, local invasion, lung and bone metastasis, and survival time were monitored. Tumor biopsies were examined immuno- and histo-pathologically. The inhibitory activity of Sch B on TGF-β induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of 4T1 and primary human breast cancer cells was assayed. Principal Findings Sch B significantly suppressed the spontaneous lung and bone metastasis of 4T1 cells inoculated s.c. without significant effect on primary tumor growth and significantly extended the survival time of these mice. Sch B did not inhibit lung metastasis of 4T1 cells that were injected via tail vein. Delayed start of treatment with Sch B in mice with pre-existing tumors did not reduce lung metastasis. These results suggested that Sch B acted at the step of local invasion. Histopathological evidences demonstrated that the primary tumors in Sch B group were significantly less locally invasive than control tumors. In vitro assays demonstrated that Sch B could inhibit TGF-β induced EMT of 4T1 cells and of primary human breast cancer cells. Conclusions Sch B significantly suppresses the lung and bone metastasis of 4T1 cells via inhibiting EMT, suggesting its potential application in targeting the process of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention of China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention of China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Second Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhangjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zonghui Ding
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention of China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Hu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention of China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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