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Lu X, Jin Y, Li D, Zhang J, Han J, Li Y. Multidisciplinary Progress in Obesity Research. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1772. [PMID: 36292657 PMCID: PMC9601416 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease that endangers human health. In recent years, the phenomenon of obesity has become more and more common, and it has become a global epidemic. Obesity is closely associated with many adverse metabolic changes and diseases, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, nervous system diseases and some malignant tumors, which have caused a huge burden on the country's medical finance. In most countries of the world, the incidence of cancer caused by obesity is increasing year on year. Diabetes associated with obesity can lead to secondary neuropathy. How to treat obesity and its secondary diseases has become an urgent problem for patients, doctors and society. This article will summarize the multidisciplinary research on obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lu
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuxin Jin
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dexin Li
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingyan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
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Gao Q, Hu K, Gao J, Shang Y, Mei F, Zhao L, Chen F, Ma B. Prevalence and prognostic value of sarcopenic obesity in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition 2022; 101:111704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chrysavgis L, Giannakodimos I, Diamantopoulou P, Cholongitas E. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma: Clinical challenges of an intriguing link. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:310-331. [PMID: 35110952 PMCID: PMC8771615 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i3.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most common liver disorder worldwide mainly attributed to the epidemic spread of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although it is considered a benign disease, NAFLD can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Most data regarding the epidemiology of NAFLD-related HCC are derived from cohort and population studies and show that its incidence is increasing as well as it is likely to emerge as the leading indication for liver transplantation, especially in the Western World. Although cirrhosis constitutes the main risk factor for HCC development, in patients with NAFLD, HCC can arise in the absence of cirrhosis, indicating specific carcinogenic molecular pathways. Since NAFLD as an underlying liver disease for HCC is often underdiagnosed due to lack of sufficient surveillance in this population, NAFLD-HCC patients are at advanced HCC stage at the time of diagnosis making the management of those patients clinically challenging and affecting their prognostic outcomes. In this current review, we summarize the latest literature on the epidemiology, other than liver cirrhosis-pathogenesis, risk factors and prognosis of NAFLD-HCC patients. Finally, we emphasize the prevention of the development of NAFLD-associated HCC and we provide some insight into the open questions and issues regarding the appropriate surveillance policies for those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lampros Chrysavgis
- Department of Experimental Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Ilias Giannakodimos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, "Laiko" General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Panagiota Diamantopoulou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, "Laiko" General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Evangelos Cholongitas
- First Department of Internal Medicine, "Laiko" General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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Wang S, Feng R, Shi Y, Chen D, Weng H, Ding H, Zhang C. Intracellular alpha-fetoprotein interferes with all-trans retinoic acid induced ATG7 expression and autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2146. [PMID: 33495541 PMCID: PMC7835378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81678-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid and retinoid acid receptor (RA-RAR) signaling exhibits suppressive functions in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through multiple mechanisms. However, whether RA-RAR signaling induces autophagy that contributes its anti-tumor activity in HCC remains elusive. In the current study, the effects of RA-RAR pathway on autophagy were investigated in two HCC cell lines: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) positive PLC/PRF/5 and AFP negative HLE cells. Cell autophagy was analyzed with western blot for detection of LC3 conversion and p62/SQSTM1 degradation while autophagy flux was assayed using the mRFP-GFP-LC3 reporter. Cell apoptosis and viability were analyzed by caspase-3 activity, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8, respectively. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was employed to detect the binding of RAR onto the promoter of autophagy-relevant 7 (ATG7), and co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) was used to analyze the interaction of AFP and RAR. The results showed that ATRA dosage and time-dependently induced high levels of cell autophagy in both the PLC/PRF/5 and HLE cells, which was accompanied with up-regulation of ATG7. ChIP assay showed that RAR was able to bind to its responsive elements on ATG7 promoter. Impairment of ATG7 induction or blockade of autophagy with chloroquine aggravated ATRA induced apoptosis of HCC cells. Furthermore, intracellular AFP was able to complex with RAR in PLC/PRF/5 cells. Knockdown of AFP in PLC/PRF/5 cells augmented the up-regulation of ATG7 by ATRA while overexpression of AFP in HLE cells attenuated ATRA induced ATG7 expression and autophagy. Thus, ATRA induced ATG7 and autophagy participated in its cytotoxicity on HCC cells and AFP interfere with the induction of ATG7 and autophagy through forming complex with RAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You' An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Rilu Feng
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ying Shi
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You' An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Dexi Chen
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You' An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Honglei Weng
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Huiguo Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing You'An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the major drivers for the rising trend in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Over the past three decades, the incidence of both NAFLD and HCC have increased two- to threefold. It has been forecasted that the number of patients with NAFLD in the Unites States will reach 101 million by 2030; global increase is also foreseen. This trend will likely continue to translate into increased HCC in the Unites States and across the globe. In this chapter, we summarize the current evidence linking NAFLD, metabolic syndrome, particularly obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and HCC. We describe the main molecular mechanisms connecting these metabolic perturbations and hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bubu A Banini
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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Han JS, Ryu H, Park IJ, Kim KW, Shin Y, Kim SO, Lim SB, Kim CW, Yoon YS, Lee JL, Yu CS, Kim JC. Association of Body Composition with Long-Term Survival in Non-metastatic Rectal Cancer Patients. Cancer Res Treat 2019; 52:563-572. [PMID: 31801316 PMCID: PMC7176960 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2019.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We evaluated the association of body composition with long-term oncologic outcomes in non-metastatic rectal cancer patients. Methods We included 1,384 patients with stage(y)0-III rectal cancer treated at Asan Medical Center between January 2005 and December 2012. Body composition at diagnosis was measured using abdomino-pelvic computed tomography (CT). Sarcopenia, visceral obesity (VO), and sarcopenic obesity (SO) were defined using CT measured parameters such as skeletal muscle index (total abdominal muscle area, TAMA), visceral fat area (VFA), and VFA/TAMA. Inflammatory status was defined as a neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio of ≥3. Obesity was categorized by body mass index (≥ 25 kg/m2). Results Among the 1,384 patients, 944 (68.2%) had sarcopenia and 307 (22.2%) had SO. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was significantly lower in sarcopenic patients (no sarcopenia vs. sarcopenia; 84% vs. 78%, p=0.003) but the 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate was not different (77.3% vs. 77.9% p=0.957). Patients with SO showed lower 5-year OS (79.1% vs. 75.5% p=0.02) but no difference in 5-year RFS (p=0.957). Sarcopenia, SO, VO, and obesity were not associated with RFS. However, obesity, SO, age, sex, inflammatory status, and tumor stage were confirmed as independent factors associated with OS on multivariate analysis. In subgroup analysis, association of SO with OS was more prominent in patients with (y)p stage 0-2 and no inflammatory status. Conclusion The presence of SO and a low body mass index at diagnosis are negatively associated with OS in non-metastatic rectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Soo Han
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoseon Ryu
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Ja Park
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongbin Shin
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Ok Kim
- Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Byung Lim
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Wook Kim
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Sik Yoon
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Lyul Lee
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Sik Yu
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Cheon Kim
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Nazmy EA, El-Khouly OA, Zaki MMA, Elsherbiny NM, Said E, Al-Gayyar MMH, Salem HA. Targeting p53/TRAIL/caspase-8 signaling by adiponectin reverses thioacetamide-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 72:103240. [PMID: 31421311 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Given the enormous impact of HCC on the patients' quality of life and healthcare economics, the current study was conducted to investigate the potential ability of adiponectin to reverse established HCC and to investigate the underlying mechanisms which control the chemotherapeutic and hepatoprotective effects. HCC was induced in Male Sprague Dawely rats by I.P. injection of thioacetamide(200 mg/kg) 3 times/week for 14 weeks.HCC development was confirmed by histopathological examination and assessment of serum levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP). Adiponectin was administered (5 μg/kg, I.P.) starting from week 13 of the experiment and for further 4 weeks. Adiponectinadministration revealed a significant antitumor activity with significant improvement in liver functions and oxidative status. Nevertheless, pathological features as cirrhosis, dysplastic changes, and tumoral nodules were significantly attenuated with significant enhancement in hepatic caspase-3 immunostaining. Mechanistically, adiponectin administration was associated with significant restoration of p53 activity; which increased by 133%, with a reduction in HCC-induced expression of-JNK which decreased by 53%as well as a significant enhancement of hepatic TRAIL and caspase-8 activities which increased by 27% and 20% respectively. In conclusion; Adiponectin can be proposed as a promising therapy for HCC. Adiponectin's tumoricidal activity can be partially mediated by blocking HCC-induced reduction in p53 expression as well as reactivation of TRAIL signaling and induction of apoptotic pathway providing more protection for the body against the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entsar A Nazmy
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Omar A El-Khouly
- Dep. of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy,Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Marwa M A Zaki
- Dep. of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Nehal M Elsherbiny
- Dep. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Dep. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Said
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed M H Al-Gayyar
- Dep. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Dep. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A Salem
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Adiponectin, Obesity, and Cancer: Clash of the Bigwigs in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102519. [PMID: 31121868 PMCID: PMC6566909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is one of the most important adipocytokines secreted by adipocytes and is called a “guardian angel adipocytokine” owing to its unique biological functions. Adiponectin inversely correlates with body fat mass and visceral adiposity. Identified independently by four different research groups, adiponectin has multiple names; Acrp30, apM1, GBP28, and AdipoQ. Adiponectin mediates its biological functions via three known receptors, AdipoR1, AdipoR2, and T-cadherin, which are distributed throughout the body. Biological functions of adiponectin are multifold ranging from anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory to anti-cancer. Lower adiponectin levels have been associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension. A plethora of experimental evidence supports the role of obesity and increased adiposity in multiple cancers including breast, liver, pancreatic, prostrate, ovarian, and colorectal cancers. Obesity mediates its effect on cancer progression via dysregulation of adipocytokines including increased production of oncogenic adipokine leptin along with decreased production of adiponectin. Multiple studies have shown the protective role of adiponectin in obesity-associated diseases and cancer. Adiponectin modulates multiple signaling pathways to exert its physiological and protective functions. Many studies over the years have shown the beneficial effect of adiponectin in cancer regression and put forth various innovative ways to increase adiponectin levels.
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Impact of Sarcopenic Obesity on Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Ann Surg 2019; 269:924-931. [DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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mTOR Activation in Liver Tumors Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Both Mouse Models and Humans. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10120465. [PMID: 30469530 PMCID: PMC6315895 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can cause liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, with final progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in some cases. Various factors have been suggested to be involved in the development of NASH. Considering the many possible contributing factors, we postulated that mechanisms of progression from NASH to HCC could differ depending on the risk factors. In the present study, we applied two mouse models of NASH⁻HCC and performed histopathological and proteome analyses of mouse liver tumors. Furthermore, to compare the mechanisms of NASH⁻HCC progression in mice and humans, we investigated HCCs in humans with a background of metabolic syndrome and NASH, as well as HCCs associated with hepatitis virus infection by immunohistochemistry. It was demonstrated that upstream regulators associated with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway were altered in liver tumors of mice with metabolic syndrome characteristics (TSOD mice) using proteome analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that mTOR was characteristically phosphorylated in liver tumors of TSOD mice and HCCs from metabolic syndrome cases in humans. These results indicated that the mTOR pathway is characteristically activated in liver tumors with metabolic syndrome and NASH, unlike liver tumors with other etiologies.
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Lu Y, Li C, Du S, Chen X, Zeng X, Liu F, Chen Y, Chen J. 4-1BB Signaling Promotes Alveolar Macrophages-Mediated Pro-Fibrotic Responses and Crystalline Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1848. [PMID: 30250465 PMCID: PMC6139304 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is caused by exposure to crystalline silica (CS). We have previously shown that blocking 4-1BB signaling attenuated CS-induced inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. However, the cells that express 4-1BB, which plays a vital role in promoting fibrosis, are still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of 4-1BB is elevated in alveolar macrophages (AMs) in the lungs of CS-injured mice. CS exposure also markedly enhanced the expression of 4-1BB in macrophage-like, MH-S cells. In these cells, activation of the 4-1BB signaling with an agonist antibody led to upregulated secretion of pro-fibrotic mediators. Consistently, blocking 4-1BB downstream signaling or genetic deletion of 4-1BB alleviated pro-fibrotic responses in vitro, while treatment with a 4-1BB fusion protein promoted pro-fibrotic responses. In vivo experiments showed that blocking 4-1BB signaling decreased the expressions of pro-fibrotic mediators and fibrosis. These data suggest that 4-1BB signaling plays an important role in promoting AMs-mediated pro-fibrotic responses and pulmonary fibrosis. Our findings may provide a potential molecular target to reduce CS-induced fibrotic responses in occupational lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Lu
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Li
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sitong Du
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinning Zeng
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangwei Liu
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Molecular Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis- (NASH-) Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:8543763. [PMID: 30228976 PMCID: PMC6136489 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8543763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The proportion of obese or diabetic population has been anticipated to increase in the upcoming decades, which rises the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Recent evidence indicates that NASH is the main cause of chronic liver diseases and it is an important risk factor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although the literature addressing NASH-HCC is growing rapidly, limited data is available about the etiology of NASH-related HCC. Experimental studies on the molecular mechanism of HCC development in NASH reveal that the carcinogenesis is relevant to complex changes in signaling pathways that mediate cell proliferation and energy metabolism. Genetic or epigenetic modifications and alterations in metabolic, immunologic, and endocrine pathways have been shown to be closely related to inflammation, liver injury, and fibrosis in NASH along with its subsequent progression to HCC. In this review, we provide an overview on the current knowledge of NASH-related HCC development and emphasize molecular signaling pathways regarding their mechanism of action in NASH-derived HCC.
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Thompson KJ, Austin RG, Nazari SS, Gersin KS, Iannitti DA, McKillop IH. Altered fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) expression and function in human and animal models of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2018; 38:1074-1083. [PMID: 29171144 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Risk factors for developing HCC include viral hepatitis, alcohol and obesity. Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) bind long-chain free fatty acids (FFAs) and are expressed in a tissue-specific pattern; FABP1 being the predominant hepatic form, and FABP4 the predominant adipocyte form. The aims of this study were to investigate the expression and function of FABPs1-9 in human and animal models of obesity-related HCC. METHODS FABP1-9 expression was determined in a mouse model of obesity-promoted HCC. Based on these data, expression and function of FABP4 was determined in human HCC cells (HepG2 and HuH7) in vitro. Serum from patients with different underlying hepatic pathologies was analysed for circulating FABP4 levels. RESULTS Livers from obese mice, independent of tumour status, exhibited increased FABP4 mRNA and protein expression concomitant with elevated serum FABP4. In vitro, FABP4 expression was induced in human HCC cells by FFA treatment, and led to FABP4 release into culture medium. Treatment of HCC cells with exogenous FABP4 significantly increased proliferation and migration of human HCC cells. Patient serum analysis demonstrated significantly increased FABP4 in those with underlying liver disease, particularly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and HCC. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest FABP4, an FABP not normally expressed in the liver, can be synthesized and secreted by hepatocytes and HCC cells, and that FABP4 may play a role in regulating tumour progression in the underlying setting of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Keith S Gersin
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - David A Iannitti
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Iain H McKillop
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
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Tinkov AA, Bjørklund G, Skalny AV, Holmgren A, Skalnaya MG, Chirumbolo S, Aaseth J. The role of the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system in the metabolic syndrome: towards a possible prognostic marker? Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1567-1586. [PMID: 29327078 PMCID: PMC11105605 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2745-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a selenoprotein with three existing isoenzymes (TrxR1, TrxR2, and TrxR3), which is found primarily intracellularly but also in extracellular fluids. The main substrate thioredoxin (Trx) is similarly found (as Trx1 and Trx2) in various intracellular compartments, in blood plasma, and is the cell's major disulfide reductase. Thioredoxin reductase is necessary as a NADPH-dependent reducing agent in biochemical reactions involving Trx. Genetic and environmental factors like selenium status influence the activity of TrxR. Research shows that the Trx/TrxR system plays a significant role in the physiology of the adipose tissue, in carbohydrate metabolism, insulin production and sensitivity, blood pressure regulation, inflammation, chemotactic activity of macrophages, and atherogenesis. Based on recent research, it has been reported that the modulation of the Trx/TrxR system may be considered as a new target in the management of the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes, as well as in the treatment of hypertension and atherosclerosis. In this review evidence about a possible role of this system as a marker of the metabolic syndrome is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Trace Element Institute for UNESCO, Lyon, France
- Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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15
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Correlation of five secretory proteins with the nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis and the clinical applications. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29383-29394. [PMID: 28107202 PMCID: PMC5438738 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, five different secretory proteins, including GSN, ADAMTSL4, CALR, PPIA and TXN, have been identified to be associated with the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metastasis. In this work, the 5 proteins were further investigated. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that they might play an important role in the process of NPC development. Western blotting analysis showed that all of these 5 targets could be secreted into extracellular by both high metastatic NPC 5-8F cells and non-metastatic NPC 6-10B cells. Except for GSN, the expressions of ADAMTSL4, CALR, PPIA and TXN proteins in extracts of the 5-8F and 6-10B cells were significantly different (P < 0.05). Thus, the expressions of these 4 differentially expressed proteins were further tested in a cohort of NPC tissue specimens. The results indicated that the expression levels of ADAMTSL4 and TXN were highly correlated with the lymph node and distant metastasis (P<0.05) in NPC patients. Moreover, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to investigate the concentrations of the ADAMTSL4 and TXN in serum specimens of NPC patients. The results revealed that serum ADAMTSL4 expression level was closely correlated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage (P<0.05) in NPC patients, and it was able to discriminate metastasis NPC from non-metastasis NPC with a sensitivity of 75.6% and a specificity of 64.7%. The present data show for the first time that the ADAMTSL4 and TXN may be novel and potential biomarkers for predicting the NPC metastasis.Furthermore, the serum ADAMTSL4 could be a potential serum tumor biomarker for prognosis of NPC.
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16
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Ryuno H, Naguro I, Kamiyama M. ASK family and cancer. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 66:72-84. [PMID: 28552579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major problem in public health and is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Many types of cancer cells exhibit aberrant cellular signal transduction in response to stress, which often leads to oncogenesis. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal cascades are one of the important intracellular stress signaling pathways closely related to cancer. The key molecules in MAPK signal cascades that respond to various types of stressors are apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK) family members; ASK1, ASK2 and ASK3. ASK family members are activated by a wide variety of stressors, and they regulate various cellular responses, such as cell proliferation, inflammation and apoptosis. In this review, we will discuss both the oncogenic and anti-oncogenic roles of the ASK family members in various contexts of cancer development with deeper insights into the involvement of ASK family members in cancer pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ryuno
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Isao Naguro
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Miki Kamiyama
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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17
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Shen J, Yeh CC, Wang Q, Gurvich I, Siegel AB, Santella RM. Plasma Adiponectin and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Survival Among Patients Without Liver Transplantation. Anticancer Res 2017; 36:5307-5314. [PMID: 27798893 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.11103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the levels of leptin and adiponectin in prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) survival among patients without liver transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured pretreatment plasma leptin and adiponectin in 172 HCC cases who were prospectively followed-up over 7 years. RESULTS Gender, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, high body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus (DM) history and Child-Pugh (CP) class were associated with leptin and adiponectin levels, while α-fetoprotein (AFP) and presence of metastasis, being outside the Milan criteria and Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) stage, were significantly associated with liver transplantation and HCC survival. No significant association was observed for leptin or adiponectin and HCC survival in the overall group. In subgroup analyses among those without liver transplantation, we found significant associations between metastasis, Milan criteria, BCLC stage, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HCC survival. When separately determining the Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier survival curves by liver transplantation status, higher adiponectin was significantly associated with an increased hazard ratio (HR) of death of 1.72 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.12-2.64), i.e. poor survival among patients without liver transplantation. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, including adiponectin, CP class, presence of metastasis, tumor outside of Milan criteria, AFP and BCLC stage B/C parameters, also showed significant association with poor HCC survival (likelihood ratio test p<0.0001). No significant impact was observed for leptin on HCC survival regardless of liver transplantation status. CONCLUSION Higher levels of plasma adiponectin may predict poor HCC survival among patients without liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shen
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A. .,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Chih-Ching Yeh
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A.,School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Qiao Wang
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Irina Gurvich
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Abby B Siegel
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A.,Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Regina M Santella
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A
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18
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Sun X, Wang W, Chen J, Cai X, Yang J, Yang Y, Yan H, Cheng X, Ye J, Lu W, Hu C, Sun H, Pu J, Cao P. The Natural Diterpenoid Isoforretin A Inhibits Thioredoxin-1 and Triggers Potent ROS-Mediated Antitumor Effects. Cancer Res 2016; 77:926-936. [PMID: 28011619 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) plays an important role in cancer initiation and progression and has gained attention as an anticancer drug target. Here we report that the recently discovered natural diterpenoid isoforretin A (IsoA) significantly inhibits Trx1 activity and mediates anticancer effects in multiple preclinical settings. The inhibitory effect of IsoA was antagonized by free radical scavengers polyethylene glycol-catalase, polyethylene glycol superoxide dismutase, thiol-based antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and glutathione. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the mechanism of action was based on direct conjugation of IsoA to the Cys32/Cys35 residues of Trx1. This conjugation event attenuated reversible thiol reduction of Trx1, leading to ROS accumulation and a broader degradation of thiol redox homeostasis in cancer cells. Extending these in vitro findings, we documented that IsoA administration inhibited the growth of HepG2 tumors in a murine xenograft model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Taken together, our findings highlight IsoA as a potent bioactive inhibitor of Trx1 and a candidate anticancer natural product. Cancer Res; 77(4); 926-36. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Leads for Degenerative Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Leads for Degenerative Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueting Cai
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Leads for Degenerative Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Leads for Degenerative Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Leads for Degenerative Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaijiang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Leads for Degenerative Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Leads for Degenerative Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Leads for Degenerative Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wuguang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Leads for Degenerative Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Leads for Degenerative Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Handong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianxin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Peng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Leads for Degenerative Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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19
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Wang Z, Li Z, Ye Y, Xie L, Li W. Oxidative Stress and Liver Cancer: Etiology and Therapeutic Targets. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:7891574. [PMID: 27957239 PMCID: PMC5121466 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7891574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has indicated that oxidative stress (OS) is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Normally, OS occurs when the body receives any danger signal-from either an internal or external source-and further induces DNA oxidative damage and abnormal protein expression, placing the body into a state of vulnerability to the development of various diseases such as cancer. There are many factors involved in liver carcinogenesis, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, alcohol abuse, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The relationship between OS and HCC has recently been attracting increasing attention. Therefore, elucidation of the impact of OS on the development of liver carcinogenesis is very important for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer. This review focuses mainly on the relationship between OS and the development of HCC from the perspective of cellular and molecular mechanisms and the etiology and therapeutic targets of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanpeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Zhuonan Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yanshuo Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Lijuan Xie
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
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20
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A reciprocal inhibitory relationship between adiponectin and mammalian cytosolic thioredoxin. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-016-1127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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21
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Schon HT, Weiskirchen R. Exercise-Induced Release of Pharmacologically Active Substances and Their Relevance for Therapy of Hepatic Injury. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:283. [PMID: 27625607 PMCID: PMC5003891 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) features constant parenchymal injury and repair together with an increasing hepatic impairment, finally leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis and a heightened risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Closely related to the rise in obesity, the worldwide prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the most common form of CLD, has reached an epidemic dimension and is estimated to afflict up to 46% of the general population, including more than one out of three U.S. citizens. Up to now there is no effective drug treatment available, which is why recommendations encompass both exercise programs and changes in dietary habits. Exercise is well-known for unleashing potent anti-inflammatory effects, which can principally counteract liver inflammation and chronic low-grade inflammation. This review article summarizes the underlying mechanisms responsible for the exercise-mediated anti-inflammatory effects, illustrates the application in animal models as well as in humans, and highlights the therapeutic value when possible. Based on the available results there is no doubt that exercise can even be beneficial in an advanced stage of liver disease and it is the goal of this review article to provide evidence for the therapeutic impact on fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC and to assess whether exercise might be of value as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of CLD. In principle, all exercise programs carried out in these high-risk patients should be guided and observed by qualified healthcare professionals to guarantee the patients’ safety. Nevertheless, it is also necessary to additionally determine the optimal amount and intensity of exercise to maximize its value, which is why further studies are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Theo Schon
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany
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22
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Abstract
Adiponectin (APN), an adipokine produced by adipocytes, has been shown to have a critical role in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated malignancies. Through its receptor interactions, APN may exert its anti-carcinogenic effects including regulating cell survival, apoptosis and metastasis via a plethora of signalling pathways. Despite the strong evidence supporting this notion, some work may indicate otherwise. Our review addresses all controversies critically. On the whole, hypoadiponectinaemia is associated with increased risk of several malignancies and poor prognosis. In addition, various genetic polymorphisms may predispose individuals to increased risk of obesity-associated malignancies. We also provide an updated summary on therapeutic interventions to increase APN levels that are of key interest in this field. To date efforts to manipulate APN levels have been promising, but much work remains to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnav Katira
- UCL Medical School, UCL Faculty of Medical Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Peng H Tan
- UCL Medical School, UCL Faculty of Medical Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Breast Unit, Whittington Health, London N19 5NF, UK
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23
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Kobayashi A, Kaido T, Hamaguchi Y, Okumura S, Taura K, Hatano E, Okajima H, Uemoto S. Impact of postoperative changes in sarcopenic factors on outcomes after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2015; 23:57-64. [PMID: 26572789 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have reported that preoperative low skeletal muscle quality was an independent risk factor for poor outcomes after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, postoperative changes of quality as well as quantity of skeletal muscle after hepatectomy for HCC and their impact on postoperative outcomes have not been fully investigated. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 241 patients undergoing primary hepatectomy for HCC between January 2007 and September 2012. The quality and quantity of skeletal muscle were evaluated by intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC) and the psoas muscle mass index (PMI) using computed tomography imaging at the umbilical level, respectively. We evaluated postoperative changes in IMAC and PMI in patients according to preoperative sarcopenia, sex, and surgical procedure. We also investigated the impact of ΔIMAC and ΔPMI on HCC recurrence in patients with preoperative normal IMAC. RESULTS On multivariate analysis, indocyanine green retention test at 15 min ≥ 15% (odds ratio [OR] = 3.156; P = 0.041) and high ΔIMAC at 6 months after hepatectomy (OR = 3.713; P = 0.024) were the risk factors for HCC recurrence in patients with preoperative normal IMAC. CONCLUSION Postoperative depletion of skeletal muscle quality is closely involved with HCC recurrence after hepatectomy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kobayashi
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshimi Kaido
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yuhei Hamaguchi
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinya Okumura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kojiro Taura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hideaki Okajima
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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24
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Gu L, Gao W, Yang HM, Wang BB, Wang XN, Xu J, Zhang H. Control of Trx1 redox state modulates protection against methyl methanesulfonate-induced DNA damage via stabilization of p21. J Biochem 2015; 159:101-10. [PMID: 26276860 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) is known to play an important role in protecting against cell death. However, the mechanism for control of Trx1 in cell death resulting from DNA damage has not been fully investigated. In this study, we used the DNA-damaging agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) to investigate the protective effects of Trx1 against DNA damage and cell death in HEK293 cells. We found that MMS application caused dose-dependent changes in the Trx1 redox state determined by redox western blotting. At lower concentrations, both reduced and oxidized Trx1 were observed, whereas the reduced band was fully oxidized at the higher concentration. Trx1 overexpression and small interfering RNA knockdown in cells revealed that reduced Trx1 after exposure to lower doses of MMS attenuated DNA damage, assessed by comet assay, and level of the DNA-damage marker histone γ-H2AX, possibly through scavenging intracellular ROS and an increase in p21 protein level via enhancing its stability. However, oxidized Trx1 lost its protective ability to DNA damage in response to higher concentration of MMS. Corresponding to the redox state control of Trx1, cell death induced by different dose of MMS was also found, by inhibiting phosphorylations of p38 and 4E-BP1. These results indicate that reduced Trx1 plays important protective roles against MMS-induced DNA damage and cell death, suggesting that cell protection is regulated by the intracellular redox state. Control of the redox state of Trx1 and its regulating proteins may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for the control of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorder, Ministry of Education
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorder, Ministry of Education
| | - Hui Min Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorder, Ministry of Education
| | - Bei Bei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 and
| | - Xiao Na Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 and
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaoxing Second Hospital, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorder, Ministry of Education,
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