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Hirota T, Ieiri I. Interindividual variability in statin pharmacokinetics and effects of drug transporters. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:37-43. [PMID: 38251424 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2305746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Statins are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors that primarily lower plasma cholesterol levels. It has been suggested that the myotoxic response is a direct result of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibition and dose-dependent. Therefore, an accurate understanding of the combination of drugs that inhibit statin metabolism and factors that cause interindividual variability in the pharmacokinetics of statin is important to avoid serious side effects of statins. Relevant articles included in this review were identified through a PubMed search (through May 2023). AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of hepatic and intestinal metabolism of statins, followed by a discussion of drug-drug interactions and interindividual variables that influence statin pharmacokinetics: gut bacteria, disease, and pharmacokinetics-related genetic polymorphisms. EXPERT OPINION Drug-drug interactions have a strong influence on statin pharmacokinetics, and gut microbiota, disease, and genetic polymorphisms all contribute significantly to interindividual variation in statin pharmacokinetics. Individual optimization of statin treatment requires studies that consider the progression of the disease and associated changes in concomitant medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hirota
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Ieiri
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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2
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TAN D, WANG J, ZHANG Q, QIN L, WANG Y, HE Y. The role of organic anion transport protein 1a4 in drug delivery and diseases: a review. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.114122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lin QIN
- Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Yuhe WANG
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University
| | - Yuqi HE
- Zunyi Medical University, China
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Zhang NY, Wang TH, Chou CH, Wu KC, Yang CR, Kung FL, Lin CJ. Ibuprofen treatment ameliorates memory deficits in rats with collagen-induced arthritis by normalizing aberrant MAPK/NF-κB and glutamatergic pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 933:175256. [PMID: 36088983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have indicated that the risk of cognitive impairment is higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Additionally, patients with RA may have a lower incidence of cognitive impairment with long-term use of ibuprofen. This study was aimed at investigating the impacts of RA on memory function and the mechanisms that ibuprofen may exhibit to improve memory function in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Ibuprofen (30 mg/kg) was given twice daily to CIA rats for two weeks starting from Day 18 following the first immunization. Memory function was measured by the Morris water maze (MWM) test and long-term potentiation (LTP). The proinflammatory cytokine levels and downstream signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), were examined. Furthermore, the glutamatergic system, including glutamate transporters/receptors and brain extracellular levels of glutamate, was investigated. The results showed that the impaired learning memory in CIA rats, examined by the MWM test and LTP, can be ameliorated by ibuprofen treatment. Along with the improvement in memory deficits, ibuprofen attenuated both neuroinflammation and the associated elevated levels of phosphorylated p38, JNK, and p65 in the hippocampus of CIA rats. In addition, the decreased excitatory amino acid transporter 2 level, the increased extracellular glutamate, and the upregulated hippocampal NMDA receptor 2B of CIA rats were all normalized by ibuprofen treatment. These findings suggest that the effect of ibuprofen on the memory improvement in CIA rats is associated with the normalization of the activated MAPK and NF-κB pathways and the aberrant glutamatergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-You Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Chou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ron Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Lu Kung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Fujino C, Ueshima S, Katsura T. Changes in the expression of drug-metabolising enzymes and drug transporters in mice with collagen antibody-induced arthritis. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:758-766. [PMID: 36278306 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2137442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1. We investigated the changes in the expression of drug-metabolising enzymes and drug transporters in the liver, small intestine and kidney of mice with collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) to determine whether changes in these expressions affect pharmacokinetics of drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.2. mRNA expression levels of cytochrome P450 (Cyp) 2b10, Cyp2c29 and Cyp3a11 were observed to be lower in the liver and small intestine of CAIA mice than in control mice. Compared with control mice, mRNA expression levels of multidrug resistance 1 b, peptide transporter 2 and organic anion transporter (Oat) 2 were high in the liver of CAIA mice. Changes in these expression levels were different among organs. However, elevated expression of Oat2 mRNA was not associated with an increase in protein expression and transport activity evaluated using [3H]cGMP as a substrate.3. These results suggest that arthritis can change the expression of pharmacokinetics-related genes, but the changes may not necessarily be linked to the pharmacokinetics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. On the other hand, we found Oat2 mRNA expression level was positively correlated with plasma interleukin-6 level, indicating that transcriptional activation of Oat2 may occur in inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieri Fujino
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueshima
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Toshiya Katsura
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
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Shi Y, Shu J, Ning Z, Fan D, Shu H, Zhao H, Li L, Zhao N, Lu C, Lu A, He X. Analysis of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Immune Function During the Development of Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901697. [PMID: 35784282 PMCID: PMC9245434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is essential for metabolic and immune functions and has been linked to systemic inflammatory diseases. However, the role of the liver is still elusive during the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), although there have been indeed some reports. We used label-free quantitative proteomics and experimental verification in this study to reveal the hepatic lipid metabolism and immune function during collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) development. The proteomics results revealed that the role of the liver differs in different phases of CIA rats. In terms of specific performance, hepatic lipid metabolism, which is primarily concerned with cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and phospholipid, was significantly influenced in the CIA induction phase, whereas the immune function, which includes binding of granulocytes, adhesion of immune cells, etc., was affected considerably at the peak phase of CIA rats compared to normal rats. Finally, the hepatic dynamic changes in CIA rats were further confirmed using targeted metabolomics and ELISA. We found that most fatty acids of the liver in the CIA induction phase were significantly decreased, and proteins related to complement activation and migration or adhesion of immune cells including C3, MMP-8, CTSZ, and S100A9 were significantly increased in the liver of CIA rats in the peak phase. Our findings indicated that the lipid metabolism and immune function of the liver were influenced in CIA rats. Thus, the conditions of the liver during RA development should be considered in therapeutic and nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Shi
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Shu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangchi Ning
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dancai Fan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyang Shu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanxiao Zhao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shanghai GuangHua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Arthritis Research, Shanghai Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Aiping Lu, ; Xiaojuan He,
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Aiping Lu, ; Xiaojuan He,
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Bulleyaconitine A is a sensitive substrate and competitive inhibitor of CYP3A4: One of the possible explanations for clinical adverse reactions. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 445:116024. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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TAN D, CUI J, QIN L, CHEN L, WANG Y, ZHANG Q, HE Y. The role of OATP1A1 in cholestasis and drug-induced toxicity: a systematic review. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.70722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinguo CUI
- Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Lin QIN
- Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Li CHEN
- Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Yuhe WANG
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, China
| | | | - Yuqi HE
- Zunyi Medical University, China
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Lai PH, Wang TH, Zhang NY, Wu KC, Yao CCJ, Lin CJ. Changes of blood-brain-barrier function and transfer of amyloid beta in rats with collagen-induced arthritis. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:35. [PMID: 33516259 PMCID: PMC7847579 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by synovial inflammation, cartilage damage, and systemic inflammation. RA is also associated with the occurrence of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, the impacts of RA on the function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the disposition of amyloid beta (Aβ), including BBB transport and peripheral clearance of Aβ, were investigated in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), an animal model with similarity to clinical and pathological features of human RA. Methods CIA was induced in female Lewis rats. In addition to neuroinflammation, the integrity and function of the BBB were examined. The expression of Aβ-transporting proteins at brain blood vessels was measured. Blood-to-brain influx and plasma clearance of Aβ were determined. Results Both microgliosis and astrogliosis were significantly increased in the brain of CIA rats, compared with controls. In terms of BBB function, the BBB permeability of sodium fluorescein, a marker compound for BBB integrity, was significantly increased in CIA rats. Moreover, increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and MMP-9 and decreased expression of tight junction proteins, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin, were observed in brain microvessels of CIA rats. In related to BBB transport of Aβ, protein expression of the receptor of advanced glycation end product (RAGE) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was significantly increased in brain microvessels of CIA rats. Notably, much higher expression of RAGE was identified at the arterioles of the hippocampus of CIA rats. Following an intravenous injection of human Aβ, significant higher brain influx of Aβ was observed in the hippocampus of CIA rats. Conclusions Neuroinflammation and the changes of BBB function were observed in CIA rats. The increased RAGE expression at cerebral blood vessels and enhanced blood-to-brain influx of Aβ indicate the imbalanced BBB clearance of Aβ in RA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02086-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsuan Lai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 33 Linsen South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 33 Linsen South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-You Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 33 Linsen South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 33 Linsen South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chen Jane Yao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Dental School, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 33 Linsen South Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
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9
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Chen M, You G, Xie C, Yang R, Hu W, Zheng Z, Liu S, Ye L. Pharmacokinetics of metformin in collagen-induced arthritis rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 185:114413. [PMID: 33434538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to the elevated presence of cytokines, the expressions of metabolic enzymes and drug transporters are altered in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Given the high incidence of diabetes in patients with RA, the aim of the present study was to investigate the metformin pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Blood and urine samples were collected at different timepoints, and analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Tissue samples were also collected to investigate the expression of metabolic enzymes and drug transporters by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot. The results indicated that the bioavailability of metformin was markedly decreased in the CIA rats. Moreover, metformin was not metabolized by enzymes of rat liver microsomes, suggesting that the decreased bioavailability of metformin was independent of the liver metabolism. In addition, the mRNA, protein expression level and activity of the renal organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) was markedly increased, suggesting that the enhanced renal clearance of metformin in CIA rats may be due to the up-regulated activity of OCT2. In conclusion, our study suggested that the reduced bioavailability of metformin in CIA rats is possibly related to the up-regulated function of the renal protein OCT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital), Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guoquan You
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ruopeng Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wanyu Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhijie Zheng
- Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Ling Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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10
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Rheumatoid arthritis downregulates the drug transporter OATP1B1: Fluvastatin as a probe. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 146:105264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Milajerdi A, Sadeghi A, Mousavi SM, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh A. Influence of Statins on Circulating Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients With Abnormal Glucose Homeostasis: A Meta-analysis of Data From Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Ther 2020; 42:e13-e31. [PMID: 31955966 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic inflammation increases the risks for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Recently, the antiinflammatory effects of statins, as cholesterol-lowering medications, have been considered. This study systematically reviewed and summarized earlier findings from randomized clinical trials about the effects of statins on serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 in patients with abnormal glucose homeostasis. METHODS Relevant articles published through October 2019 were searched using suitable key words on the PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases. RCTs were included if they compared the effects of statins on serum concentrations of CRP and IL-6 in adults with abnormal glucose homeostasis. The effect sizes were represented as weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% CI s using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis was performed to find possible sources of heterogeneity. FINDINGS Overall, 17 publications with 21 effect sizes and which enrolled 3766 subjects (1895 participants in intervention and 1871 in control groups) were included. Combining 13 effect sizes from 10 studies, a significant reduction in serum CRP concentration following the administration of atorvastatin was found (WMD, -0.35; 95% CI, -0.54 to -0.17; I2 = 90.6%). Based on 5 effect sizes from 4 studies, we found a statistically significant reduction in serum IL-6 concentration after atorvastatin therapy (WMD, -0.44; 95% CI, -0.65 to -0.22; I2 = 93.9%). Pooling 6 effect sizes from 5 studies revealed a significantly reduced serum concentration of CRP after simvastatin therapy (WMD, -0.66; 95% CI, -0.79 to -0.54; I2 = 97.6%). IMPLICATIONS The administration of atorvastatin or simvastatin in patients with abnormal glucose hemostasis was associated with a reduced serum CRP concentration. Atorvastatin therapy might also help to decrease serum IL-6 concentration in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Milajerdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Sadeghi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Xu R, Zhao W, Yu L, Chen Q, Hu X, Ba Y, Chen X, Wang X, Wu X. A selective and sensitive UFLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of five alkaloids from Piper longum L. and its application in the pharmacokinetic study of 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease rats. RSC Adv 2019; 9:37082-37091. [PMID: 35539049 PMCID: PMC9075506 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06325k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The alkaloids from Piper longum L. (PLA) mainly contain piperine (PPR), piperlongumine (PPL), Δα,β-dihydropiperlonguminine (DPPL), piperanine (PPRA) and pellitorine (PLTR), which have neuroprotective effects on a 6-OHDA-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). To elucidate the pharmacokinetic profiles of these main compounds in PD rats, we developed a rapid, selective and sensitive ultra-fast liquid chromatography-electronic spray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-ESI-MS/MS) method which was validated for the simultaneous determination of the 5 absorbed compounds in the plasma of 6-OHDA-induced PD rats. The plasma samples were pretreated using a protein precipitation method with methanol/acetonitrile (1 : 1, v/v). The analytes and internal standard (IS) were separated on a Phenomenex Gemini C18 column using gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and a 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min-1. The total chromatographic running time was 4.5 min. The detection was performed with positive electrospray ionization (ESI) using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode of transitions at m/z 286.2 → 201.2, m/z 274.2 → 201.2, m/z 276.2 → 135.1, m/z 288.2 → 135.1, m/z 224.1 → 168.2, and m/z 472.1 → 436.1 for PPR, PPL, DPPL, PPRA, PLTR and IS, respectively. All five analytes showed excellent linearity (R > 0.995) within the concentration range of 0.20-5000 ng mL-1. The established method was then applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of multi-components (PPR, PPL, DPPL, PPRA and PLTR) in PD rats after oral administration of PLA. The results showed that no obvious differences were observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters of PPR, PPL, DPPL, PPRA and PLTR in PD rats compared with those in sham rats after oral administration of PLA except for MRTs for PPR, PPL and PLTR. Additionally, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were related to the concentrations of the multi-components in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Xu
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Beijing China +86-10-83911627 +86-10-83911671
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Beijing China +86-10-83911627 +86-10-83911671
| | - Lan Yu
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Beijing China +86-10-83911627 +86-10-83911671
| | - Qijun Chen
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Beijing China +86-10-83911627 +86-10-83911671
| | - Xiaolu Hu
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Beijing China +86-10-83911627 +86-10-83911671
| | - Yinying Ba
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Beijing China +86-10-83911627 +86-10-83911671
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Beijing China +86-10-83911627 +86-10-83911671
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Beijing China +86-10-83911627 +86-10-83911671
| | - Xia Wu
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Beijing China +86-10-83911627 +86-10-83911671
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Zhi H, Deng Y, Yan B, Li Z, Han S, Zhang Y, Hou J, Wu W, Guo D. Study on the herb-herb interaction of Danqi Tongmai Tablet based on the pharmacokinetics of twelve notoginsenoides in acute myocardial ischemia and sham rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 166:52-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Wu KC, Lin CJ. The regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and membrane transporters by inflammation: Evidences in inflammatory diseases and age-related disorders. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 27:48-59. [PMID: 30648594 PMCID: PMC9298621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and membrane transporters play important roles in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes that determine the pharmacokinetics of drugs. Inflammation has been shown to regulate the expression and function of these drug-processing proteins. Given that inflammation is a common feature of many diseases, in this review, the general mechanisms for inflammation-mediated regulation of DMEs and transporters are described. Also, evidences regarding the aberrant expression of these drug-processing proteins in several inflammatory diseases and age-related disorders are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chen Wu
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Lin
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Wong TY, Tsai MS, Hsu LC, Lin SW, Liang PH. Traversal of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Cleavable l-Lysine Conjugates of Apigenin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8124-8131. [PMID: 29923397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin, a flavone abundant in parsley and celery, is known to act on several CNS receptors, but its very poor water solubility (<0.001 mg/mL) impedes its absorption in vivo and prevents clinical use. Herein, apigenin was directly conjugated with glycine, l-phenylalanine, and l-lysine to give the corresponding carbamate derivatives, all of which were much more soluble than apigenin itself (0.017, 0.018, and 0.13 mg/mL, respectively). The Lys-apigenin carbamate 10 had a temporary sedative effect on the mice within 5 min of intraperitoneal administration (single dose of 0.4 mg/g) and could be detected in the mice brain tissues at a concentration of 0.82 μg/g of intact Lys-apigenin carbamate 10 and 0.42 ug/g of apigenin at 1.5 h. This study accomplished the delivery of apigenin across the BBB in a manner that might be applicable to other congeners, which should inform the future development of BBB-crossing flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yun Wong
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shian Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology , National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Lih-Ching Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wha Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology , National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hui Liang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
- The Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei 128 , Taiwan
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Li GM, Zhao J, Li B, Zhang XF, Ma JX, Ma XL, Liu J. The anti-inflammatory effects of statins on patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A systemic review and meta-analysis of 15 randomized controlled trials. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:215-225. [PMID: 29353098 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past several years, numerous studies investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of statin on patients with RA. However, the findings of the individual studies were often inconsistent or conflicting. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library and CNKI literature databases were searched in order to identify randomized controlled clinical trials where the association between the anti-inflammatory effect of statin and RA was investigated. Two researchers performed data extraction from eligible independently. Quality parameters and risk of bias in the included studies were assessed according to Cochrane's guidelines. The pooled Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) with a 95%CI was used to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of statin in patients with RA. RESULTS Fifteen randomized controlled clinical, classified as "high quality" and with a relatively low risk of selection bias, were included in the meta-analysis. Of these, eight reported that there was no difference in the level of serum total lipids between the atorvastatin-treated and the conventional treatment group. However, the pooled analysis showed that atorvastatin could increase the level of serum amount of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in RA patients by approximately x ± SD95% [HDL: SMD = 0.807, 95%CI = (0.187, 1.426), p = .011]. Meanwhile atorvastatin could reduce the level of serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in RA patient by x ± SD95% [LDL: SMD = -4.015, 95%CI = (-5.848, -2.183), p = .000; TC: SMD = -4.497, 95%CI = (-6.457, -2.537), p = .000; TG: SMD = -1.475, 95%CI = (-2.352, -0.599), p = .001]. Nine studies reported a change in C-Reactive Protein (CRP) after atorvastatin treatment, and the pooled analysis showed that atorvastatin decreased CRP in RA patients by x ± SD95% [SMD = -3.033, 95%CI = (-4.460, -1.606), p = .000]. Seven studies investigated the change of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), and the pooled analysis showed that atorvastatin decreased ESR by x ± SD95% [SMD = -2.097, 95%CI = (-3.408, -0.786), p = .002]. Nine studies reported the improvement of disease activity score in RA patients after taking atorvastatin for 12 weeks, and the pooled analysis showed atorvastatin could decrease the DAS28 score in RA patients by x ± SD95% [SMD = -2.001, 95%CI = (-3.191, -0.811), p = .001]. CONCLUSIONS Statins have a significant anti-inflammatory effect in RA patients. However, atorvastatin was superior to simvastatin both in terms of its anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Min Li
- Tianjin Hospital, No. 406 Jiefang South Rd, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Tianjin Hospital, No. 406 Jiefang South Rd, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Bing Li
- Tianjin Hospital, No. 406 Jiefang South Rd, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhang
- Tianjin Hospital, No. 406 Jiefang South Rd, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Ma
- Tianjin Hospital, No. 406 Jiefang South Rd, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Xin-Long Ma
- Tianjin Hospital, No. 406 Jiefang South Rd, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Tianjin Hospital, No. 406 Jiefang South Rd, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, China.
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Zeiser R. Immune modulatory effects of statins. Immunology 2018; 154:69-75. [PMID: 29392731 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances in recent years, immunosuppressive regimens for multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and graft-versus-host disease still have major adverse effects and immunomodulation rather than immune paralysis would be desirable. Statins inhibit the rate-limiting enzyme of the l-mevalonate pathway, the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. It was shown that blocking the l-mevalonate pathway reduces inflammation through effects on downstream metabolites of the pathway including farnesylpyrophosphates and geranylgeranylpyrophosphates, which are essential for the attachment of GTPases like RhoA, Rac and Ras to the cell membrane. Therefore, l-mevalonate pathway downstream products play critical roles in the different steps of an immune response including immune cell activation, migration, cytokine production, immune metabolism and survival. This review discusses the relevance of the different metabolites for the immunomodulatory effect of statins and connects preclinical results with data from clinical studies that tested statins for the treatment of different inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zeiser
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Freiburg University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
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