1
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Lone AH, Tang J, Pignalosa A, Hsu HH, Abdul-Sater AA, Sweeney G. A novel blood-based bioassay to monitor adiponectin signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111890. [PMID: 38547772 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The diverse beneficial effects of adiponectin-receptor signaling, including its impact on the regulation of inflammatory processes in vivo, have resulted in development of adiponectin receptor agonists as a treatment for metabolic disorders. However, there are no established non-invasive bioassays for detection of adiponectin target engagement in humans or animal models. Here, we designed an assay using small amounts of blood to assess adiponectin action. Specifically, we tested effects of the small 10-amino acid peptide adiponectin receptor agonist, ALY688, in a sublethal LPS endotoxemia model in mice. LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in serum were significantly reduced in mice treated with ALY688, assessed via multiplex ELISA in flow cytometry. Furthermore, ALY688 alone significantly induced TGF-β release in serum 1 h after treatment and was elevated for up to 24 h. Additionally, using a flow-cytometry panel for detection of changes in circulating immune cell phenotypes, we observed a significant increase in absolute T cell counts in mice after ALY688 treatment. To assess changes in intracellular signaling effectors downstream of adiponectin, phospho-flow cytometry was conducted. There was a significant increase in phosphorylation of AMPK and p38-MAPK in mice after ALY688 treatment. We then used human donor immune cells (PBMCs) treated with ALY688 ex vivo and observed elevation of AMPK and p38-MAPK phosphorylation from baseline in response to ALY688. Together, these results indicate we can detect adiponectin action on immune cells in vivo by assessing adiponectin signaling pathway for AMPK and p38-MAPK, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. This new approach provides a blood-based bioassay for screening adiponectin action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jialing Tang
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Henry H Hsu
- Allysta Pharmaceuticals Inc., Bellevue, WA, USA
| | - Ali A Abdul-Sater
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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2
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Padmanabhan V, Baroudi K, Abdulla S, Hesham S, Ahmed Elsayed M, Mustahsen Rahman M, Islam MS. Association of Body Mass Index and Chronology of Tooth Eruption in Children visiting a Dental Hospital in UAE: A Cross-sectional Study. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:810-814. [PMID: 38766283 PMCID: PMC11096597 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the mean age at which permanent teeth erupt in school-going children. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study at RAK College of Dental Sciences, UAE, involved 89 children aged 6-14 years. Erupted teeth in the mouth were included. Statistical analysis, including t-tests, ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis, was conducted using SPSS version 29, with a significance threshold set at p < 0.05. Results: Out of 89 children (41 girls and 48 boys) in the study, 56.17 % had normal weight, 20.22 % were overweight, 17.97 % were underweight, and 5.6 % were obese. Female children generally experienced earlier permanent tooth eruption than males. Additionally, there was an observed trend of earlier tooth eruption with increasing weight or BMI. Underweight children notably displayed a delayed mean age of tooth eruption. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a notable correlation between BMI and the mean age at which permanent teeth erupt in school-going children aged 6 to 14 years who visited our dental hospital. To establish a more precise understanding of the connection between BMI and dental development, we recommend conducting further longitudinal studies involving multiple centers. Clinical Significance: Monitoring a child's BMI is crucial for assessing dental health and planning tailored treatment for those aged 6 to 14. Understanding the BMI's connection to permanent tooth eruption timing allows dental professionals to identify trends in early or delayed development. This enables them to customize treatment strategies, promoting a precise and personalized approach for better oral health outcomes in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Padmanabhan
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kusai Baroudi
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
- Collaborating Professor, College of Dentistry, University of Taubate, Taubate, Brazil
| | - Shamsa Abdulla
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sarah Hesham
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Elsayed
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Mustahsen Rahman
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Md Sofiqul Islam
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Min SH, Song DK, Lee CH, Roh E, Kim MS. Hypothalamic AMP-Activated Protein Kinase as a Whole-Body Energy Sensor and Regulator. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2024; 39:1-11. [PMID: 38356211 PMCID: PMC10901667 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2024.1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
5´-Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a cellular energy sensor, is an essential enzyme that helps cells maintain stable energy levels during metabolic stress. The hypothalamus is pivotal in regulating energy balance within the body. Certain neurons in the hypothalamus are sensitive to fluctuations in food availability and energy stores, triggering adaptive responses to preserve systemic energy equilibrium. AMPK, expressed in these hypothalamic neurons, is instrumental in these regulatory processes. Hypothalamic AMPK activity is modulated by key metabolic hormones. Anorexigenic hormones, including leptin, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide 1, suppress hypothalamic AMPK activity, whereas the hunger hormone ghrelin activates it. These hormonal influences on hypothalamic AMPK activity are central to their roles in controlling food consumption and energy expenditure. Additionally, hypothalamic AMPK activity responds to variations in glucose concentrations. It becomes active during hypoglycemia but is deactivated when glucose is introduced directly into the hypothalamus. These shifts in AMPK activity within hypothalamic neurons are critical for maintaining glucose balance. Considering the vital function of hypothalamic AMPK in the regulation of overall energy and glucose balance, developing chemical agents that target the hypothalamus to modulate AMPK activity presents a promising therapeutic approach for metabolic conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hee Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Kyeong Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eun Roh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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4
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Robin A, Van Ombergen A, Laurens C, Bergouignan A, Vico L, Linossier MT, Pavy-Le Traon A, Kermorgant M, Chopard A, Py G, Green DA, Tipton M, Choukér A, Denise P, Normand H, Blanc S, Simon C, Rosnet E, Larcher F, Fernandez P, de Glisezinski I, Larrouy D, Harant-Farrugia I, Antunes I, Gauquelin-Koch G, Bareille MP, Billette De Villemeur R, Custaud MA, Navasiolava N. Comprehensive assessment of physiological responses in women during the ESA dry immersion VIVALDI microgravity simulation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6311. [PMID: 37813884 PMCID: PMC10562467 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Astronauts in microgravity experience multi-system deconditioning, impacting their inflight efficiency and inducing dysfunctions upon return to Earth gravity. To fill the sex gap of knowledge in the health impact of spaceflights, we simulate microgravity with a 5-day dry immersion in 18 healthy women (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05043974). Here we show that dry immersion rapidly induces a sedentarily-like metabolism shift mimicking the beginning of a metabolic syndrome with a drop in glucose tolerance, an increase in the atherogenic index of plasma, and an impaired lipid profile. Bone remodeling markers suggest a decreased bone formation coupled with an increased bone resorption. Fluid shifts and muscular unloading participate to a marked cardiovascular and sensorimotor deconditioning with decreased orthostatic tolerance, aerobic capacity, and postural balance. Collected datasets provide a comprehensive multi-systemic assessment of dry immersion effects in women and pave the way for future sex-based evaluations of countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Robin
- Univ Angers, CRC, CHU Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CARME, SFR ICAT, F-49000, Angers, France.
| | | | - Claire Laurens
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Bergouignan
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laurence Vico
- INSERM, University Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Etienne, U 1059, Saint Etienne, France
| | | | - Anne Pavy-Le Traon
- Department of Neurology, CHU Toulouse and I2MC-INSERM 1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Kermorgant
- Department of Neurology, CHU Toulouse and I2MC-INSERM 1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Angèle Chopard
- DMEM, Montpellier University, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Py
- DMEM, Montpellier University, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - David Andrew Green
- Centre of Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Tipton
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2EF, UK
| | - Alexander Choukér
- Laboratory of Translational Research Stress and Immunity, Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Pierre Denise
- Université de Caen Normandie, Inserm, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Hervé Normand
- Université de Caen Normandie, Inserm, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Stéphane Blanc
- DEPE-IPHC - Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Chantal Simon
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, University Claude Bernard Lyon1, Human Nutrition Research Center Rhône-Alpes, Oullins, France
| | - Elisabeth Rosnet
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | - Peter Fernandez
- INSERM, University Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Etienne, U 1059, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Isabelle de Glisezinski
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Larrouy
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Harant-Farrugia
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Inês Antunes
- Telespazio Belgium S.R.L. for the European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Marc-Antoine Custaud
- Univ Angers, CRC, CHU Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CARME, SFR ICAT, F-49000, Angers, France.
| | - Nastassia Navasiolava
- Univ Angers, CRC, CHU Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CARME, SFR ICAT, F-49000, Angers, France.
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5
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Paoli A, Bianco A, Moro T, Mota JF, Coelho-Ravagnani CF. The Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Insulin Sensitivity and Weight Loss, Which Came First: The Chicken or the Egg? Nutrients 2023; 15:3120. [PMID: 37513538 PMCID: PMC10385501 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is, nowadays, considered an interesting nutritional approach for weight loss and improvement in insulin resistance. Nevertheless, most of the studies available in the literature do not allow a clear distinction between its effects on insulin sensitivity per se, and the effects of weight loss induced by KDs on insulin sensitivity. In this review, we discuss the scientific evidence on the direct and weight loss mediated effects of KDs on glycemic status in humans, describing the KD's biochemical background and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35127 Padua, Italy
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Tatiana Moro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35127 Padua, Italy
| | - Joao Felipe Mota
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-080, Brazil
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Department of Medicine, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Christianne F Coelho-Ravagnani
- Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance-PENSARE, Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Health (INISA), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
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6
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Rahman SO, Khan T, Iqubal A, Agarwal S, Akhtar M, Parvez S, Shah ZA, Najmi AK. Association between insulin and Nrf2 signalling pathway in Alzheimer's disease: A molecular landscape. Life Sci 2023:121899. [PMID: 37394097 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin, a well-known hormone, has been implicated as a regulator of blood glucose levels for almost a century now. Over the past few decades, the non-glycemic actions of insulin i.e. neuronal growth and proliferation have been extensively studied. In 2005, Dr. Suzanne de La Monte and her team reported that insulin might be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and thus coined a term "Type-3 diabetes" This hypothesis was supported by several subsequent studies. The nuclear factor erythroid 2- related factor 2 (Nrf2) triggers a cascade of events under the regulation of distinct mechanisms including protein stability, phosphorylation and nuclear cytoplasmic shuttling, finally leading to the protection against oxidative damage. The Nrf2 pathway has been investigated extensively in relevance to neurodegenerative disorders, particularly AD. Many studies have indicated a strong correlation between insulin and Nrf2 signalling pathways both in the periphery and the brainbut merely few of them have focused on elucidating their inter-connective role in AD. The present review emphasizes key molecular pathways that correlate the role of insulin with Nrf2 during AD. The review has also identified key unexplored areas that could be investigated in future to further establish the insulin and Nrf2 influence in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Obaidur Rahman
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Tahira Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shivani Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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7
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Cao R, Tian H, Zhang Y, Liu G, Xu H, Rao G, Tian Y, Fu X. Signaling pathways and intervention for therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e283. [PMID: 37303813 PMCID: PMC10248034 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents one of the fastest growing epidemic metabolic disorders worldwide and is a strong contributor for a broad range of comorbidities, including vascular, visual, neurological, kidney, and liver diseases. Moreover, recent data suggest a mutual interplay between T2DM and Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β cell dysfunction. Pioneering discoveries throughout the past few decades have established notable links between signaling pathways and T2DM pathogenesis and therapy. Importantly, a number of signaling pathways substantially control the advancement of core pathological changes in T2DM, including IR and β cell dysfunction, as well as additional pathogenic disturbances. Accordingly, an improved understanding of these signaling pathways sheds light on tractable targets and strategies for developing and repurposing critical therapies to treat T2DM and its complications. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the history of T2DM and signaling pathways, and offer a systematic update on the role and mechanism of key signaling pathways underlying the onset, development, and progression of T2DM. In this content, we also summarize current therapeutic drugs/agents associated with signaling pathways for the treatment of T2DM and its complications, and discuss some implications and directions to the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Huimin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Geng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Guocheng Rao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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8
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Arjunan A, Song J. Pharmacological and physiological roles of adipokines and myokines in metabolic-related dementia. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114847. [PMID: 37150030 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a detrimental neuropathologic condition with considerable physical, mental, social, and financial impact on patients and society. Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), a group of diseases that occur in tandem and increase the risk of neurologic diseases, have a higher risk of dementia. The ratio between muscle and adipose tissue is crucial in MetS, as these contain many hormones, including myokines and adipokines, which are involved in crosstalk and local paracrine/autocrine interactions. Evidence suggests that abnormal adipokine and myokine synthesis and release may be implicated in various MetS, such as atherosclerosis, diabetic mellitus (DM), and dyslipidemia, but their precise role is unclear. Here we review the literature on adipokine and myokine involvement in MetS-induced dementia via glucose and insulin homeostasis regulation, neuroinflammation, vascular dysfunction, emotional changes, and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Arjunan
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Kalra P, Khan H, Singh TG, Grewal AK. Mechanistic insights on impact of Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mediated signalling pathways on cerebral ischemic injury. Neurosci Res 2023; 190:17-28. [PMID: 36403790 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide due to the perturbations in the blood supply to the brain. The brain triggers a cascade of complex metabolic and cellular defects in response to ischemic stress. However, due to the disease heterogeneity and complexity, ischemic injury's metabolic and cellular pathologies remain elusive, and the link between various pathological mechanisms is difficult to determine. Efforts to develop effective treatments for these disorders have yielded limited efficacy, with no proper cure available to date. Recent clinical and experimental research indicates that several neuronal diseases commonly coexist with metabolic dysfunction, which may aggravate neurological symptoms. As a result, it stands to a reason that metabolic hormones could be a potential therapeutic target for major NDDs. Moreover, fasting signals also influence the circadian clock, as AMPK phosphorylates and promotes the degradation of the photo-sensing receptor (cryptochrome). Here, the interplay of AMPK signaling between metabolic regulation and neuronal death and its role for pathogenesis and therapeutics has been studied. We have also highlighted a significant signaling pathway, i.e., the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) involved in the relationship between the metabolism and ischemia, which could be used as a target for future studies therapeutics, and review some of the clinical progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Kalra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India.
| | - Amarjot Kaur Grewal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
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10
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Chen K, Cheong LY, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Feng T, Wang Q, Jin L, Honoré E, Lam KSL, Wang W, Hui X, Xu A. Adipose-targeted triiodothyronine therapy counteracts obesity-related metabolic complications and atherosclerosis with negligible side effects. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7838. [PMID: 36539421 PMCID: PMC9767940 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) is a thermogenic activator with anti-obesity potential. However, systemic TH administration has no obvious clinical benefits on weight reduction. Herein we selectively delivered triiodothyronine (T3) to adipose tissues by encapsulating T3 in liposomes modified with an adipose homing peptide (PLT3). Systemic T3 administration failed to promote thermogenesis in brown and white adipose tissues (WAT) due to a feedback suppression of sympathetic innervation. PLT3 therapy effectively obviated this feedback suppression on adrenergic inputs, and potently induced browning and thermogenesis of WAT, leading to alleviation of obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and fatty liver in obese mice. Furthermore, PLT3 was much more effective than systemic T3 therapy in reducing hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. These findings uncover WAT as a viable target mediating the therapeutic benefits of TH and provide a safe and efficient therapeutic strategy for obesity and its complications by delivering TH to adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Laboratory Block, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Dr Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong-Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China
| | - Lai Yee Cheong
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Laboratory Block, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Laboratory Block, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaming Zhang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Laboratory Block, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Dr Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong-Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China
| | - Tianshi Feng
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Laboratory Block, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qin Wang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Laboratory Block, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leigang Jin
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Laboratory Block, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric Honoré
- Université Côte d’Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Labex ICST, Valbonne, France
| | - Karen S. L. Lam
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Laboratory Block, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Laboratory Block, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Dr Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong-Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China
| | - Xiaoyan Hui
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Laboratory Block, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Laboratory Block, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Han W, Yang S, Xiao H, Wang M, Ye J, Cao L, Sun G. Role of Adiponectin in Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15627. [PMID: 36555264 PMCID: PMC9779180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle changes have led to increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD); therefore, potential targets against CVD should be explored to mitigate its risks. Adiponectin (APN), an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue, has numerous beneficial effects against CVD related to glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, including regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, increasing insulin sensitivity, reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation, protection of myocardial cells, and improvement in endothelial cell function. These effects demonstrate the anti-atherosclerotic and antihypertensive properties of APN, which could aid in improving myocardial hypertrophy, and reducing myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury and myocardial infarction. APN can also be used for diagnosing and predicting heart failure. This review summarizes and discusses the role of APN in the treatment of CVD related to glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, and explores future APN research directions and clinical application prospects. Future studies should elucidate the signaling pathway network of APN cardiovascular protective effects, which will facilitate clinical trials targeting APN for CVD treatment in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuxian Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingxue Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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12
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AdipoRon induces AMPK activation and ameliorates Alzheimer's like pathologies and associated cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 174:105876. [PMID: 36162737 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ42) plaque formation, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein leading to intracellular neurofibrillary tangle formation. Recently discovered hallmark features responsible for AD pathogenesis are neuronal insulin resistance, dysregulation in adiponectin and AMPK signaling. The presence of adiponectin and its receptor in the brain with its unique anti-diabetic effects and association with neurodegenerative diseases has raised our interest in exploring orally active small molecule adiponectin receptor agonist, AdipoRon. To date, all the available drugs for the treatment of AD provides symptomatic relief and do not stall the progression of the disease. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly apparent to find appropriate targets. Here, we attempt to shed lights on adiponectin receptor agonist, AdipoRon and its downstream molecular targets in reducing disease pathogenesis and insulin resistance. In brain, AdipoRon induced AMPK activation, increased insulin sensitivity, reduced amyloid beta plaque deposition and improved cognitive impairment. Levels of BACE were also downregulated while LDLR, APOE and neprilysin were upregulated promoting amyloid beta clearance from brain. AdipoRon further reduced the chronic inflammatory marker, GFAP and improved synaptic markers PSD-95 and synaptophysin in APP/PS1 mice. Our in-vitro studies further confirmed the potential role of AdipoRon in improving insulin sensitivity by increasing GLUT 4 translocation, glucose uptake and insulin signaling under hyperinsulinemic condition. Our findings suggest that AdipoRon could be a promising lead in the future treatment strategies in the development of effective AD treatment.
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13
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The Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate and Fat Manipulation on the Metabolome and Markers of Glucose and Insulin Metabolism: A Randomised Parallel Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183691. [PMID: 36145067 PMCID: PMC9505524 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High carbohydrate, lower fat (HCLF) diets are recommended to reduce cardiometabolic disease (CMD) but low carbohydrate high fat (LCHF) diets can be just as effective. The effect of LCHF on novel insulin resistance biomarkers and the metabolome has not been fully explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of an ad libitum 8-week LCHF diet compared with a HCLF diet on CMD markers, the metabolome, and insulin resistance markers. n = 16 adults were randomly assigned to either LCHF (n = 8, <50 g CHO p/day) or HCLF diet (n = 8) for 8 weeks. At weeks 0, 4 and 8, participants provided fasted blood samples, measures of body composition, blood pressure and dietary intake. Samples were analysed for markers of cardiometabolic disease and underwent non-targeted metabolomic profiling. Both a LCHF and HCLF diet significantly (p < 0.01) improved fasting insulin, HOMA IR, rQUICKI and leptin/adiponectin ratio (p < 0.05) levels. Metabolomic profiling detected 3489 metabolites with 78 metabolites being differentially regulated, for example, an upregulation in lipid metabolites following the LCHF diet may indicate an increase in lipid transport and oxidation, improving insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, both diets may reduce type 2 diabetes risk albeit, a LCHF diet may enhance insulin sensitivity by increasing lipid oxidation.
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14
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Traver C, Miralles L, Barcia JM. Association between Molecular Mechanisms and Tooth Eruption in Children with Obesity. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9081209. [PMID: 36010098 PMCID: PMC9406572 DOI: 10.3390/children9081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Different works have reported earlier permanent teething in obese/overweight children compared to control ones. In contrast, others have reported a delayed permanent teething in undernutrition/underweight children compared to control one. It has been reported that becoming overweight or suffering from obesity can increase gingival pro-inflammatory drive and can affect orthodontic treatment (among other complications). In this sense, little is known about the molecular mechanisms affecting dental eruption timing. Leptin and adiponectin are adipocytokines signaling molecules released in overweight and underweight conditions, respectively. These adipocytokines can modulate osteocyte, odontoblast, and cementoblast activity, even regulating dental lamina initiation. The present review focuses on the molecular approach wherein leptin and adiponectin act as modulators of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx 2) gene regulating dental eruption timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Traver
- Department of Dentistry, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
- Doctoral School, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucía Miralles
- Department of Dentistry, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Miguel Barcia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
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15
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Socioemotional development in infants of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of prenatal and postnatal maternal distress. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:28. [PMID: 35361233 PMCID: PMC8969812 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An upsurge in psychological distress was documented in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated with a longitudinal design whether prenatal and postnatal maternal distress during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with lower infant socioemotional development. METHODS Pregnant women (N = 468, Mage = 30,00, 97.6% White) were recruited during the first COVID-19 mandatory lockdown in Quebec, Canada, from April 2nd to April 13th 2020 and were re-contacted at two months postpartum to complete self-reported measures of general (i.e. not specifically related to the COVID-19 pandemic) anxio-depressive symptoms and infant development. Structural equation modeling analyses were performed using maximum likelihood parameter estimation. RESULTS Higher maternal prenatal distress significantly contributed to poorer infant socioemotional development. A mediation model showed that postnatal distress significantly mediated the association between prenatal distress and infant socioemotional development, whereas the direct effect of prenatal distress was no longer significant. Prenatal and postnatal maternal distress accounted for 13.7% of the variance in infant socioemotional development. CONCLUSION Our results call for special means of clinical surveillance in mothers and for innovative (online) interventions aiming to support maternal mental health during pregnancy and after delivery.
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Sung HK, Mitchell PL, Gross S, Marette A, Sweeney G. ALY688 elicits adiponectin-mimetic signaling and improves insulin action in skeletal muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 322:C151-C163. [PMID: 34910600 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00603.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is well established to mediate many beneficial metabolic effects, and this has stimulated great interest in development and validation of adiponectin receptor agonists as pharmaceutical tools. This study investigated the effects of ALY688, a peptide-based adiponectin receptor agonist, in rat L6 skeletal muscle cells. ALY688 significantly increased phosphorylation of several adiponectin downstream effectors, including AMPK, ACC and p38MAPK, assessed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Temporal analysis using cells expressing an Akt biosensor demonstrated that ALY688 enhanced insulin sensitivity. This effect was associated with increased insulin-stimulated Akt and IRS-1 phosphorylation. The functional metabolic significance of these signaling effects was examined by measuring glucose uptake in myoblasts stably overexpressing the glucose transporter GLUT4. ALY688 treatment both increased glucose uptake itself and enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. In the model of high glucose/high insulin (HGHI)-induced insulin resistant cells, both temporal studies using the Akt biosensor as well as immunoblotting assessing Akt and IRS-1 phosphorylation indicated that ALY688 significantly reduced insulin resistance. Importantly, we observed that ALY688 administration to high-fat high sucrose fed mice also improve glucose handling, validating its efficacy in vivo. In summary, these data indicate that ALY688 activates adiponectin signaling pathways in skeletal muscle, leading to improved insulin sensitivity and beneficial metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia L Mitchell
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (IUCPQ), and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sean Gross
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Andre Marette
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (IUCPQ), and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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He K, Nie L, Ali T, Wang S, Chen X, Liu Z, Li W, Zhang K, Xu J, Liu J, Yu Z, Yang X, Li S. Adiponectin alleviated Alzheimer-like pathologies via autophagy-lysosomal activation. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13514. [PMID: 34775673 PMCID: PMC8672778 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN) deficiency has also been associated with Alzheimer‐like pathologies. Recent studies have illuminated the importance of APN signaling in reducing Aβ accumulation, and the Aβ elimination mechanism remains rudimentary. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the APN role in reducing Aβ accumulation and its associated abnormalities by targeting autophagy and lysosomal protein changes. To assess, we performed a combined pharmacological and genetic approach while using preclinical models and human samples. Our results demonstrated that the APN level significantly diminished in the plasma of patients with dementia and 5xFAD mice (6 months old), which positively correlated with Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), and negatively correlated with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), respectively. APN deficiency accelerated cognitive impairment, Aβ deposition, and neuroinflammation in 5xFAD mice (5xFAD*APN KO), which was significantly rescued by AdipoRon (AR) treatment. Furthermore, AR treatment also markedly reduced Aβ deposition and attenuated neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice without altering APP expression and processing. Interestingly, AR treatment triggered autophagy by mediating AMPK‐mTOR pathway signaling. Most importantly, APN deficiency dysregulated lysosomal enzymes level, which was recovered by AR administration. We further validated these changes by proteomic analysis. These findings reveal that APN is the negative regulator of Aβ deposition and its associated pathophysiologies. To eliminate Aβ both extra‐ and intracellular deposition, APN contributes via the autophagic/lysosomal pathway. It presents a therapeutic avenue for AD therapy by targeting autophagic and lysosomal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwu He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen China
| | - Lulin Nie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen China
| | - Tahir Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
| | - Shujin Wang
- Department of Neurology the First People’s Hospital of Zibo Affiliated to Weifang Medical College Zibo China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen China
| | - Zizhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
| | - Weifen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
| | - Kaiqin Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen China
- College of Public Health University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Jia Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen China
- Department of Pathophysiology Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen China
| | - Zhi‐Jian Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen key laboratory for endogenous infections the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center Nanshan District Shenzhen China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen China
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
- Campbell Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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Barone E, Di Domenico F, Perluigi M, Butterfield DA. The interplay among oxidative stress, brain insulin resistance and AMPK dysfunction contribute to neurodegeneration in type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:16-33. [PMID: 34530075 PMCID: PMC8595768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly followed by vascular dementia. In addition to clinically diagnosed dementia, cognitive dysfunction has been reported in diabetic patients. Recent studies are now beginning to recognize type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, as a risk factor for AD and other cognitive disorders. While studies on insulin action have remained traditionally in the domain of peripheral tissues, the detrimental effects of insulin resistance in the central nervous system on cognitive dysfunction are increasingly being reported in recent clinical and preclinical studies. Brain functions require continuous supply of glucose and oxygen and a tight regulation of metabolic processes. Loss of this metabolic regulation has been proposed to be a contributor to memory dysfunction associated with neurodegeneration. Within the above scenario, this review will focus on the interplay among oxidative stress (OS), insulin resistance and AMPK dysfunctions in the brain by highlighting how these neurotoxic events contribute to neurodegeneration. We provide an overview on the detrimental effects of OS on proteins regulating insulin signaling and how these alterations impact cell metabolic dysfunctions through AMPK dysregulation. Such processes, we assert, are critically involved in the molecular pathways that underlie AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0055, USA.
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The APPL1-Rab5 axis restricts NLRP3 inflammasome activation through early endosomal-dependent mitophagy in macrophages. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6637. [PMID: 34789781 PMCID: PMC8599493 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mitophagy is known to restrict NLRP3 inflammasome activation, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains poorly characterized. Here we describe a type of early endosome-dependent mitophagy that limits NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Deletion of the endosomal adaptor protein APPL1 impairs mitophagy, leading to accumulation of damaged mitochondria producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidized cytosolic mitochondrial DNA, which in turn trigger NLRP3 inflammasome overactivation in macrophages. NLRP3 agonist causes APPL1 to translocate from early endosomes to mitochondria, where it interacts with Rab5 to facilitate endosomal-mediated mitophagy. Mice deficient for APPL1 specifically in hematopoietic cell are more sensitive to endotoxin-induced sepsis, obesity-induced inflammation and glucose dysregulation. These are associated with increased expression of systemic interleukin-1β, a major product of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our findings indicate that the early endosomal machinery is essential to repress NLRP3 inflammasome hyperactivation by promoting mitophagy in macrophages.
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20
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Taouis M, Benomar Y. Is resistin the master link between inflammation and inflammation-related chronic diseases? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 533:111341. [PMID: 34082045 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Resistin has been firstly discovered in mice and was identified as an adipose tissue-secreted hormone or adipokine linking obesity and insulin resistance. In humans, resistin has been characterized as a hormone expressed and secreted by Immune cells especially by macrophages, and was linked to many inflammatory responses including inflammation of adipose tissue due to macrophages' infiltration. Human and mouse resistin display sequence and structural similarities and also dissimilarities that could explain their different expression pattern. In mice, strong pieces of evidence clearly associated high resistin plasma levels to obesity and insulin resistance suggesting that resistin could play an important role in the onset and progression of obesity and insulin resistance via resistin-induced inflammation. In humans, the link between resistin and obesity/insulin resistance is still a matter of debate and needs more epidemiological studies. Also, resistin has been linked to other chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers where resistin has been proposed in many studies as a biological marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Taouis
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology of Food Intake (NMPA), UMR 9197, University of Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France; NMPA, Dept. Development, Evolution and Cell Signaling, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neurosciences (NeuroPSI) CNRS UMR 9197, Orsay, France.
| | - Yacir Benomar
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology of Food Intake (NMPA), UMR 9197, University of Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France; NMPA, Dept. Development, Evolution and Cell Signaling, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neurosciences (NeuroPSI) CNRS UMR 9197, Orsay, France
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Dilworth L, Facey A, Omoruyi F. Diabetes Mellitus and Its Metabolic Complications: The Role of Adipose Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147644. [PMID: 34299261 PMCID: PMC8305176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many approaches have been used in the effective management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A recent paradigm shift has focused on the role of adipose tissues in the development and treatment of the disease. Brown adipose tissues (BAT) and white adipose tissues (WAT) are the two main types of adipose tissues with beige subsets more recently identified. They play key roles in communication and insulin sensitivity. However, WAT has been shown to contribute significantly to endocrine function. WAT produces hormones and cytokines, collectively called adipocytokines, such as leptin and adiponectin. These adipocytokines have been proven to vary in conditions, such as metabolic dysfunction, type 2 diabetes, or inflammation. The regulation of fat storage, energy metabolism, satiety, and insulin release are all features of adipose tissues. As such, they are indicators that may provide insights on the development of metabolic dysfunction or type 2 diabetes and can be considered routes for therapeutic considerations. The essential roles of adipocytokines vis-a-vis satiety, appetite, regulation of fat storage and energy, glucose tolerance, and insulin release, solidifies adipose tissue role in the development and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and the complications associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lowell Dilworth
- Department of Pathology, Mona Campus, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica;
| | - Aldeam Facey
- Mona Academy of Sport, Mona Campus, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica;
| | - Felix Omoruyi
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
- Correspondence:
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22
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da Silva Rosa SC, Liu M, Sweeney G. Adiponectin Synthesis, Secretion and Extravasation from Circulation to Interstitial Space. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:134-149. [PMID: 33904786 PMCID: PMC8461789 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00031.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, an adipokine that circulates as multiple multimeric complexes at high levels in serum, has antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic, and cardioprotective properties. Understanding the mechanisms regulating adiponectin's physiological effects is likely to provide critical insight into the development of adiponectin-based therapeutics to treat various metabolic-related diseases. In this review, we summarize our current understanding on adiponectin action in its various target tissues and in cellular models. We also focus on recent advances in two particular regulatory aspects; namely, the regulation of adiponectin gene expression, multimerization, and secretion, as well as extravasation of circulating adiponectin to the interstitial space and its degradation. Finally, we discuss some potential therapeutic approaches using adiponectin as a target and the current challenges facing adiponectin-based therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ali T, Rehman SU, Khan A, Badshah H, Abid NB, Kim MW, Jo MH, Chung SS, Lee HG, Rutten BPF, Kim MO. Adiponectin-mimetic novel nonapeptide rescues aberrant neuronal metabolic-associated memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:23. [PMID: 33849621 PMCID: PMC8042910 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, we and other researchers reported that brain metabolic disorders are implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive, devastating and incurable neurodegenerative disease. Hence, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to explore potential and novel therapeutic targets/agents for the treatment of AD. The neuronal adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) is an emerging potential target for intervention in metabolic-associated AD. We aimed to validate this hypothesis and explore in-depth the therapeutic effects of an osmotin-derived adiponectin-mimetic novel nonapeptide (Os-pep) on metabolic-associated AD. Methods We used an Os-pep dosage regimen (5 μg/g, i.p., on alternating days for 45 days) for APP/PS1 in amyloid β oligomer-injected, transgenic adiponectin knockout (Adipo−/−) and AdipoR1 knockdown mice. After behavioral studies, brain tissues were subjected to biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. In separate cohorts of mice, electrophysiolocal and Golgi staining experiments were performed. To validate the in vivo studies, we used human APP Swedish (swe)/Indiana (ind)-overexpressing neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, which were subjected to knockdown of AdipoR1 and APMK with siRNAs, treated with Os-pep and other conditions as per the mechanistic approach, and we proceeded to perform further biochemical analyses. Results Our in vitro and in vivo results show that Os-pep has good safety and neuroprotection profiles and crosses the blood-brain barrier. We found reduced levels of neuronal AdipoR1 in human AD brain tissue. Os-pep stimulates AdipoR1 and its downstream target, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, in AD and Adipo−/− mice. Mechanistically, in all of the in vivo and in vitro studies, Os-pep rescued aberrant neuronal metabolism by reducing neuronal insulin resistance and activated downstream insulin signaling through regulation of AdipoR1/AMPK signaling to consequently improve the memory functions of the AD and Adipo−/− mice, which was associated with improved synaptic function and long-term potentiation via an AdipoR1-dependent mechanism. Conclusion Our findings show that Os-pep activates AdipoR1/AMPK signaling and regulates neuronal insulin resistance and insulin signaling, which subsequently rescues memory deficits in AD and adiponectin-deficient models. Taken together, the results indicate that Os-pep, as an adiponectin-mimetic novel nonapeptide, is a valuable and promising potential therapeutic candidate to treat aberrant brain metabolism associated with AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13024-021-00445-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Amjad Khan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Haroon Badshah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Noman Bin Abid
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeung Hoon Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Soo Chung
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Gon Lee
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Translational Neuroscience and Psychiatry, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Adiponectin: Structure, Physiological Functions, Role in Diseases, and Effects of Nutrition. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041180. [PMID: 33918360 PMCID: PMC8066826 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (a protein consisting of 244 amino acids and characterized by a molecular weight of 28 kDa) is a cytokine that is secreted from adipose tissues (adipokine). Available evidence suggests that adiponectin is involved in a variety of physiological functions, molecular and cellular events, including lipid metabolism, energy regulation, immune response and inflammation, and insulin sensitivity. It has a protective effect on neurons and neural stem cells. Adiponectin levels have been reported to be negatively correlated with cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, and shown to be affected (i.e., significantly increased) by proper healthy nutrition. The present review comprehensively overviews the role of adiponectin in a range of diseases, showing that it can be used as a biomarker for diagnosing these disorders as well as a target for monitoring the effectiveness of preventive and treatment interventions.
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Rashtiani S, Goudarzi I, Jafari A, Rohampour K. Adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) is essential for the memory improving effect of adiponectin. Neurosci Lett 2021; 749:135721. [PMID: 33582189 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN) plays a major role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. Insulin and APN have a positive effect on memory. In this study, we examined whether the inhibition of AMPK could block the memory improving effect of APN or affect the IRS1 expression. Animal model of AD was developed by intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of 3 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ), in 12 weeks old Wistar rats, on days 1 and 3 after cannulation. Dorsomorphin (DM) and APN (600 nM) were injected 30 and 20 min before the acquisition phase, respectively. DM was applied in 3 different doses (0.2, 2 and 20 μM). All behavioral tests were performed on days 15 and 16; the Preference Index (PI) was calculated for novel object recognition (NOR) test, while the step through latency (STL) and total time in dark compartment (TDC) were recorded and analyzed for the passive avoidance task. Relative expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) protein in the hippocampus was measured by western blotting. In early retrieval test, STZ + APN treatment increased STL (P < 0.0001) and decreased TDC (P < 0.05) in comparison to STZ group, while STZ + APN + DM (2μM) caused a decrease in STL (P < 0.05) and increase in TDC (0.2μM and 2μM DM; P < 0.05). Icv injection of DM (0.2μM and 2μM) before APN decreased the PI significantly (P < 0.05) in comparison to STZ + APN group. APN treatment raised the IRS-1 expression and DM reversed this increment, significantly (P < 0.0001). It is concluded that the memory improving effect of APN is mediated, at least in part, by the AMPK pathway. APN is also able to boost insulin signaling by overexpression of IRS-1 in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iran Goudarzi
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Adele Jafari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Physiology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kambiz Rohampour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Physiology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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26
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Yang L, Jiang Y, Shi L, Zhong D, Li Y, Li J, Jin R. AMPK: Potential Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 21:66-77. [PMID: 31424367 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190819142746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. The pathogenesis of AD is very complicated. For decades, the amyloid hypothesis has influenced and guided research in the field of AD. Meanwhile, researchers gradually realized that AD is caused by multiple concomitant factors, such as autophagy, mitochondrial quality control, insulin resistance and oxidative stress. In current clinical trials, the improvement strategies of AD, such as Aβ antibody immunotherapy and gamma secretase inhibitors, are limited. There is mounting evidence of neurodegenerative disorders indicated that activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) may have broad neuroprotective effects. We reviewed the researches on AMPK for AD, the results demonstrated that activation of AMPK is controversial in Aβ deposition and tau phosphorylation, but is positive to promote autophagy, maintain mitochondrial quality control, reduce insulin resistance and relieve oxidative stress. It is concluded that AMPK might be a new target for AD by aggressively treating the risk factors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Yang
- Health Preservation and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610037, China
| | - Yijing Jiang
- Rehabilitation Hospital affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fuzhou 350003 Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- Health Preservation and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610037, China
| | - Dongling Zhong
- Health Preservation and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610037, China
| | - Yuxi Li
- Health Preservation and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610037, China
| | - Juan Li
- Health Preservation and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610037, China
| | - Rongjiang Jin
- Health Preservation and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610037, China
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27
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Dahyaleh K, Sung HK, Prioriello M, Rengasamy P, Lam NH, Kim JB, Gross S, Sweeney G. Iron overload reduces adiponectin receptor expression via a ROS/FOXO1-dependent mechanism leading to adiponectin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5339-5351. [PMID: 33432609 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron overload (IO) is a common yet underappreciated finding in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients. With the prevalence of MetS continuing to rise, it is imperative to further elucidate cellular mechanisms leading to metabolic dysfunction. Adiponectin has many beneficial effects and is a therapeutic target for the treatment of MetS and cardiovascular diseases. IO positively correlates with reduced circulating adiponectin levels yet the impact of IO on adiponectin action is unknown. Here, we established a model of IO in L6 skeletal muscle cells and found that IO-induced adiponectin resistance. This was shown via reduced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in response to the small molecule adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, AdipoRon, in presence of IO. This correlated with reduced messenger RNA and protein levels of AdipoR1 and its facilitative signaling binding partner, APPL1. IO caused phosphorylation, nuclear extrusion, and thus inhibition of FOXO1, a known transcription factor regulating AdipoR1 expression. The antioxidant N-acetyl cystine attenuated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by IO, and blunted its effect on FOXO1 phosphorylation and removal from the nucleus, as well as subsequent adiponectin resistance. In conclusion, our study identifies a ROS/FOXO1/AdipoR1 axis as a cause of skeletal muscle adiponectin resistance in response to IO. This new knowledge provides insight into a cellular mechanism with potential relevance to disease pathophysiology in MetS patients with IO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hye K Sung
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Nhat H Lam
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jae B Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sean Gross
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
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Gudise V, Chowdhury B. Molecular mechanisms and the vital roles of resistin, TLR 4, and NF-κB in treating type 2 diabetic complications. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-020-00078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Type 2 diabetes in obese (≥ 25 and ≥ 30 kg/m2) patients is the foremost cause of cardiovascular complications like stroke, osteoarthritis, cancers (endometrial, breast, ovarian, liver, kidney, colon, and prostate), and vascular complications like diabetic neuropathy, diabetic and retinopathy, and diabetic nephropathy. It is recognized as a global burden disorder with high prevalence in middle-income nations which might lead to a double burden on health care professionals. Hence, this review emphasizes on understanding the complexity and vital signaling tracts involved in diabetic complications for effective treatment.
Main body
Type 2 diabetes in overweight patients induces the creation of specific ROS that further leads to changes in cellular proliferation, hypothalamus, and fringe. The resistin, TLR4, and NF-κB signalings are mainly involved in the progression of central and fringe changes such as insulin resistance and inflammation in diabetic patients. The overexpression of these signals might lead to the rapid progression of diabetic vascular complications induced by the release of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, interleukins, and cyclooxygenase-mediated chemicals. Until now, there has been no curative treatment for diabetes. Therefore, to effectively treat complications of type 2 diabetes, the researchers need to concentrate on the molecular mechanisms and important signaling tracts involved.
Conclusion
In this review, we suggested the molecular mechanism of STZ-HFD induced type 2 diabetes and the vital roles of resistin, TLR4, and NF-κB signalings in central, fringe changes, and development diabetic complications for its effective treatment.
Graphical abstract
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29
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Sun Y, Ding S. ER-Mitochondria Contacts and Insulin Resistance Modulation through Exercise Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249587. [PMID: 33339212 PMCID: PMC7765572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) makes physical contacts with mitochondria at specific sites, and the hubs between the two organelles are called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). MAMs are known to play key roles in biological processes, such as intracellular Ca2+ regulation, lipid trafficking, and metabolism, as well as cell death, etc. Studies demonstrated that dysregulation of MAMs significantly contributed to insulin resistance. Alterations of MAMs’ juxtaposition and integrity, impaired expressions of insulin signaling molecules, disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis, and compromised metabolic flexibility are all actively involved in the above processes. In addition, exercise training is considered as an effective stimulus to ameliorate insulin resistance. Although the underlying mechanisms for exercise-induced improvement in insulin resistance are not fully understood, MAMs may be critical for the beneficial effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Correspondence:
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Torres-Castillo N, Campos-Perez W, Rodriguez-Echevarria R, Rodriguez-Reyes S, Martinez-Lopez E. A Metabolically Unhealthy Phenotype Is Associated with ADIPOQ Genetic Variants and Lower Serum Adiponectin Levels. Lifestyle Genom 2020; 13:172-179. [DOI: 10.1159/000510021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Even though excessive adipose tissue is related to chronic metabolic disturbances, not all subjects with excess weight (EW) display metabolic alterations, and not all normal-weight (NW) subjects have a metabolically healthy (MH) phenotype, probably due to gene-environment interactions. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction effects of <i>ADIPOQ</i> and <i>PPARG</i> genetic variants in NW and EW individuals with different metabolic phenotypes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data on 345 adults from western Mexico were analyzed. The individuals were classified into NW and EW groups according to body mass index, and were categorized as MH or metabolically unhealthy (MUH), considering homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) cut-off points for glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure. Subjects with ≤1 altered parameter were classified as MH. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) –11377C>G, –11391G>A, +45T>G, and +276G>T for <i>ADIPOQ</i> and Pro12Ala for <i>PPARG</i> were analyzed by allelic discrimination. High-molecular-weight adiponectin isoform levels were measured by ELISA. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Lower serum adiponectin levels were associated with the MUH phenotype in EW subjects. NW subjects with the GG or TG genotype for the +45T>G SNP had reduced odds of the MUH phenotype. Individuals who carried two copies of the GG haplotype at the –11391G>A and –11377C>G SNPs for <i>ADIPOQ</i> had lower serum adiponectin levels than those with zero copies. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In this population, lower serum adiponectin levels were found in the EW-MUH phenotype, and no differences were observed between the NW-MH and the EW-MH phenotype. In addition, the +45T>G SNP was associated with reduced odds of the MUH phenotype.
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The adaptor protein APPL2 controls glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via F-actin remodeling in pancreatic β-cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28307-28315. [PMID: 33122440 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016997117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous actin (F-actin) cytoskeletal remodeling is critical for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic β-cells, and its dysregulation causes type 2 diabetes. The adaptor protein APPL1 promotes first-phase GSIS by up-regulating soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein expression. However, whether APPL2 (a close homology of APPL1 with the same domain organization) plays a role in β-cell functions is unknown. Here, we show that APPL2 enhances GSIS by promoting F-actin remodeling via the small GTPase Rac1 in pancreatic β-cells. β-cell specific abrogation of APPL2 impaired GSIS, leading to glucose intolerance in mice. APPL2 deficiency largely abolished glucose-induced first- and second-phase insulin secretion in pancreatic islets. Real-time live-cell imaging and phalloidin staining revealed that APPL2 deficiency abolished glucose-induced F-actin depolymerization in pancreatic islets. Likewise, knockdown of APPL2 expression impaired glucose-stimulated F-actin depolymerization and subsequent insulin secretion in INS-1E cells, which were attributable to the impairment of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) activation. Treatment with the F-actin depolymerization chemical compounds or overexpression of gelsolin (a F-actin remodeling protein) rescued APPL2 deficiency-induced defective GSIS. In addition, APPL2 interacted with Rac GTPase activating protein 1 (RacGAP1) in a glucose-dependent manner via the bin/amphiphysin/rvs-pleckstrin homology (BAR-PH) domain of APPL2 in INS-1E cells and HEK293 cells. Concomitant knockdown of RacGAP1 expression reverted APPL2 deficiency-induced defective GSIS, F-actin remodeling, and Rac1 activation in INS-1E cells. Our data indicate that APPL2 interacts with RacGAP1 and suppresses its negative action on Rac1 activity and F-actin depolymerization thereby enhancing GSIS in pancreatic β-cells.
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Amadi JA, Amadi PU, Njoku UC. Okra Modulates Regulatory Enzymes and Metabolites of Glucose-Utilizing Pathways in Diabetic Rats. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 40:689-698. [PMID: 33031022 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1815249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using a rat diabetes model, the authors examined how substrates and products of glycolysis and key regulatory enzymes for glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, Kreb's cycle, and glycogen metabolism react to treatment with okra diet therapy, relative to glibenclamide treatment. METHOD The animal grouping involved normoglycemic rats, untreated diabetic rats, and diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide, 50% w/w okra sauce, exclusive okra sauce diet, or sauce without okra. Alloxan monohydrate was the diabetogenic agent. Insulin and adiponectin were assayed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while the metabolites and enzymes were assed using standard spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS The exclusive diet therapy significantly (p < 0.05) improved insulin activities after 60 days and reversed the altered adiponectin activities. Glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate levels were depleted during diabetes, but phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate accumulated during the first short phase of diabetes. Rats in the glibenclamide and 100% okra diet groups showed comparable hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase activities relative to the normoglycemic rats, while the gluconeogenic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphatase, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase remained altered. The authors observed that extended treatment with glibenclamide restored the activities of all the Kreb's cycle enzymes, while succinate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase were nonresponsive to the okra diet therapy relative to their control levels. The glycogen stores were normalized by the exclusive diet therapy, but glycogen synthase and phosphorylase activities were unresponsive. CONCLUSIONS Okra diet has shown insulin-sensitizing potentials with prolonged intake during diabetes as well as the potential to reverse alterations in the major carbohydrate-metabolizing enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Adaku Amadi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Peter Uchenna Amadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Uche Chinedu Njoku
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Heydarpour F, Sajadimajd S, Mirzarazi E, Haratipour P, Joshi T, Farzaei MH, Khan H, Echeverría J. Involvement of TGF-β and Autophagy Pathways in Pathogenesis of Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review on Biological and Pharmacological Insights. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:498758. [PMID: 33041786 PMCID: PMC7522371 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.498758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in clinical drugs, diabetes treatment still needs further progress. As such, ongoing research has attempted to determine the precise molecular mechanisms of the disorder. Specifically, evidence supports that several signaling pathways play pivotal roles in the development of diabetes. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of diabetes still need to be explored. This study examines exciting new hallmarks for the strict involvement of autophagy and TGF-β signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of diabetes and the design of novel therapeutic strategies. Dysregulated autophagy in pancreatic β cells due to hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation is associated with diabetes and accompanied by dysregulated autophagy in insulin target tissues and the progression of diabetic complications. Consequently, several therapeutic agents such as adiponectin, ezetimibe, GABA tea, geniposide, liraglutide, guava extract, and vitamin D were shown to inhibit diabetes and its complications through modulation of the autophagy pathway. Another pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, appears to play a part in the progression of diabetes, insulin resistance, and autoimmunity in both type 1 and 2 diabetes and complications in diabetes. Subsequently, drugs that target TGF-β signaling, especially naturally derived ones such as resveratrol, puerarin, curcumin, hesperidin, and silymarin, as well as Propolis, Lycopus lucidus, and Momordica charantia extracts, may become promising alternatives to current drugs in diabetes treatment. This review provides keen insights into novel therapeutic strategies for the medical care of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Heydarpour
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soraya Sajadimajd
- Departament of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elahe Mirzarazi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouya Haratipour
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.,PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tanuj Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Wu KKL, Cheung SWM, Cheng KKY. NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Adipose Tissues and Its Implications on Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4184. [PMID: 32545355 PMCID: PMC7312293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an active endocrine and immune organ that controls systemic immunometabolism via multiple pathways. Diverse immune cell populations reside in adipose tissue, and their composition and immune responses vary with nutritional and environmental conditions. Adipose tissue dysfunction, characterized by sterile low-grade chronic inflammation and excessive immune cell infiltration, is a hallmark of obesity, as well as an important link to cardiometabolic diseases. Amongst the pro-inflammatory factors secreted by the dysfunctional adipose tissue, interleukin (IL)-1β, induced by the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, not only impairs peripheral insulin sensitivity, but it also interferes with the endocrine and immune functions of adipose tissue in a paracrine manner. Human studies indicated that NLRP3 activity in adipose tissues positively correlates with obesity and its metabolic complications, and treatment with the IL-1β antibody improves glycaemia control in type 2 diabetic patients. In mouse models, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 activation pathways or IL-1β prevents adipose tissue dysfunction, including inflammation, fibrosis, defective lipid handling and adipogenesis, which in turn alleviates obesity and its related metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize both the negative and positive regulators of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and its pathophysiological consequences on immunometabolism. We also discuss the potential therapeutic approaches to targeting adipose tissue inflammasome for the treatment of obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kenneth King-Yip Cheng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (K.K.-L.W.); (S.W.-M.C.)
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Polito R, Monda V, Nigro E, Messina A, Di Maio G, Giuliano MT, Orrù S, Imperlini E, Calcagno G, Mosca L, Mollica MP, Trinchese G, Scarinci A, Sessa F, Salerno M, Marsala G, Buono P, Mancini A, Monda M, Daniele A, Messina G. The Important Role of Adiponectin and Orexin-A, Two Key Proteins Improving Healthy Status: Focus on Physical Activity. Front Physiol 2020; 11:356. [PMID: 32390865 PMCID: PMC7188914 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise represents the most important integrative therapy in metabolic, immunologic and chronic diseases; it represents a valid strategy in the non-pharmacological intervention of lifestyle linked diseases. A large body of evidence indicates physical exercise as an effective measure against chronic non-communicable diseases. The worldwide general evidence for health benefits are both for all ages and skill levels. In a dysregulated lifestyle such as in the obesity, there is an imbalance in the production of different cytokines. In particular, we focused on Adiponectin, an adipokine producted by adipose tissue, and on Orexin-A, a neuropeptide synthesized in the lateral hypothalamus. The production of both Adiponectin and Orexin-A increases following regular and structured physical activity and both these hormones have similar actions. Indeed, they improve energy and glucose metabolism, and also modulate energy expenditure and thermogenesis. In addition, a relevant biological role of Adiponectin and Orexin A has been recently highlighted in the immune system, where they function as immune-suppressor factors. The strong connection between these two cytokines and healthy status is mediated by physical activity and candidates these hormones as potential biomarkers of the beneficial effects induced by physical activity. For these reasons, this review aims to underly the interconnections among Adiponectin, Orexin-A, physical activity and healthy status. Furthermore, it is analyzed the involvement of Adiponectin and Orexin-A in physical activity as physiological factors improving healthy status through physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Polito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Fisiologia Umana e Unità di Dietetica e Medicina dello Sport, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.,Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Fisiologia Umana e Unità di Dietetica e Medicina dello Sport, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Girolamo Di Maio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Fisiologia Umana e Unità di Dietetica e Medicina dello Sport, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Giuliano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Fisiologia Umana e Unità di Dietetica e Medicina dello Sport, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Orrù
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Naples, Italy.,IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Calcagno
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute "Vincenzo Tiberio", Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Laura Mosca
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitá degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitá degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitá degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Scarinci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione, Psicologia, Comunicazione, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Monica Salerno
- Department of Medical, Surgery Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Marsala
- Struttura Complessa di Farmacia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria - Ospedali Riuniti, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Buono
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Naples, Italy.,IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Mancini
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Fisiologia Umana e Unità di Dietetica e Medicina dello Sport, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.,Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Moreno JP, Crowley SJ, Alfano CA, Thompson D. Physiological mechanisms underlying children's circannual growth patterns and their contributions to the obesity epidemic in elementary school age children. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12973. [PMID: 31737994 PMCID: PMC7002188 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several studies since the 1990s have demonstrated that children increase their body mass index at a faster rate during summer months compared with the school year, leading some to conclude that the out-of-school summer environment is responsible. Other studies, however, have suggested that seasonality may play a role in children's height and weight changes across the year. This article reviews evidence for seasonal differences in the rate of children's height and weight gain and proposes potential physiological mechanisms that may explain these seasonal variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennette P Moreno
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephanie J Crowley
- Biological Rhythm Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Candice A Alfano
- Sleep and Anxiety Center of Houston (SACH), Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Debbe Thompson
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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The Bewildering Effect of AMPK Activators in Alzheimer's Disease: Review of the Current Evidence. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9895121. [PMID: 32149150 PMCID: PMC7049408 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9895121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction. It is the most common form of dementia. The pathologic hallmarks of the disease include extracellular amyloid plaque, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, and oxidative stress, to mention some of them. Despite remarkable progress in the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, drugs for cure or disease-modifying therapy remain somewhere in the distance. From recent time, the signaling molecule AMPK is gaining enormous attention in the AD drug research. AMPK is a master regulator of cellular energy metabolism, and recent pieces of evidence show that perturbation of its function is highly ascribed in the pathology of AD. Several drugs are known to activate AMPK, but their effect in AD remains to be controversial. In this review, the current shreds of evidence on the effect of AMPK activators in Aβ accumulation, tau aggregation, and oxidative stress are addressed. Positive and negative effects are reported with regard to Aβ and tauopathy but only positive in oxidative stress. We also tried to dissect the molecular interplays where the bewildering effects arise from.
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Szkudelska K, Deniziak M, Hertig I, Wojciechowicz T, Tyczewska M, Jaroszewska M, Szkudelski T. Effects of Resveratrol in Goto-Kakizaki Rat, a Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102488. [PMID: 31623226 PMCID: PMC6836277 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol exhibits a pleiotropic, favorable action under various pathological conditions, including type 2 diabetes. However, its anti-diabetic effects in animal models and human trials have not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to determine whether resveratrol is capable of inducing beneficial changes in the Goto-Kakizaki rat, a spontaneous model of diabetes, which in several aspects is similar to type 2 diabetes in humans. Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats and control Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were treated intragastrically with resveratrol (20 mg/kg b.w./day) for 10 weeks. Then, a glucose tolerance test was performed and levels of some adipokines in blood were measured. Moreover, lipid contents in skeletal muscle and liver tissues, along with the expression and phosphorylation of pivotal enzymes (AMP—activated protein kinase—AMPK, acetyl-CoA carboxylase—ACC, protein kinase B—Akt) in these tissues were determined. Histology of pancreatic islets was also compared. GK rats non-treated with resveratrol displayed a marked glucose intolerance and had increased lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle. Moreover, upregulation of the expression and phosphorylation of AMPK, ACC and Akt was shown in the muscle tissue of GK rats. Those rats also had an abnormal structure of pancreatic islets compared with control animals. However, treatment with resveratrol improved glucose tolerance and prevented lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle of GK rats. This effect was associated with a substantial normalization of expression and phosphorylation of ACC and Akt. In GK rats subjected to resveratrol therapy, the structure of pancreatic islets was also clearly improved. Moreover, blood adiponectin and leptin levels were partially normalized by resveratrol in GK rats. It was revealed that resveratrol ameliorates key symptoms of diabetes in GK rats. This compound improved glucose tolerance, which was largely linked to beneficial changes in skeletal muscle. Resveratrol also positively affected pancreatic islets. Our new findings show that resveratrol has therapeutic potential in GK rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szkudelska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Marzanna Deniziak
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Iwona Hertig
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Tatiana Wojciechowicz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Marianna Tyczewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Jaroszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Szkudelski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
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Fauza A, Al-Baarri AN, Djamiatun K. Potency of Okra flour (Abelmoschus esculentus) in improving adiponectin level and total antioxidant capacity of high fat diet streptozotocin rat model. POTRAVINARSTVO 2019. [DOI: 10.5219/1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T2DM has increase in global-morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress and adiponectin-levels are important for insulin-resistance and pancreatic-b-cell-dysfunction in T2DM. Okra fruit is rich of quercetin and phytosterol which have positive-effect for T2DM. Research aimed was to study the effect of okra-flour to adiponectin-levels and total-antioxidant-capacity (TAC) in T2DM. Thirty Wistar-rats were divided randomly in five groups. K1 and (X1, X2 and X3)-treated-groups were in T2DM-condition-induced by high-fat-diet-(HFD)-Streptozotochin-(STZ)-nicotinamid-(NA). Healthy-controls-(K2)-group was also used. Okra-flour was given orally for 28 days at doses of 0.1; 0.2 and 0.3 g/Kg-body-weight/d to X1, X2 and X3-groups, respectively. Statistical program was used to analyse the different between pre-post-intervention, and between groups. Correlations between variables were also analysed. The serum-adiponectin and TAC-levels were measured by ELISA and ABTS-methods, respectively. By comparing pre and post-intervention, adiponectin levels of all-intervention-(X1, X2, X3)-group were increase (p = 0.027 for X1 and X2; p = 0.028 for X3), while in the same period the decrease were found in group K1 (p = 0.026) and K2 (p = 0.028). Increase-TAC-levels pre-post-intervention was observed in group all-intervention-groups (p = 0.027), while no change in K1 (p = 0.66) and the decrease in group K2 (p = 0.039). Reduce-fasting-blood-glucose-levels pre-post-intervention were shown in the all-intervention-groups (p = 0.028), while for the K1 groups was increase (p = 0.028). There were significant differences between the five-groups on fasting-blood-glucose-levels, adiponectin and TAC-levels, and X3-group showed the highest adiponectin and TAC-levels. Very-strong-correlations were found between glucose-adiponectin-TAC-levels-post-intervention. Okra-flour make better glucose-adiponectin and TAC-levels in T2DM-conditions. Okra dose of 0.30 g/Kg-body-weight/day is the best in increasing adiponectin and TAC-levels.
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Adiponectin improves long-term potentiation in the 5XFAD mouse brain. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8918. [PMID: 31222110 PMCID: PMC6586823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine that regulates apoptosis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity in metabolic diseases. As recent studies have associated changes in adipokines and other metabolites in the central nervous system with a risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), we investigated the effects of adiponectin treatment on hippocampal cells in the 5XFAD mouse model of AD and neuronal SH-SY5Y cells under amyloid beta toxicity. Adiponectin treatment reduced levels of cleaved caspase 3 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) apoptosis signalling and decreased glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) activation. Moreover, adiponectin treatment triggered long-term potentiation in the hippocampi of 5XFAD mice, which was associated with reduced expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate and its receptor as well as surface expression of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor. These findings suggest that adiponectin inhibits neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory mechanisms and promotes hippocampal long-term potentiation. Thus, adiponectin exhibits beneficial effect on hippocampal synaptic plasticity in Alzheimer's disease mouse model.
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A Low Glycemic Index Decreases Inflammation by Increasing the Concentration of Uric Acid and the Activity of Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx3) in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081508. [PMID: 30999628 PMCID: PMC6514917 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: According to a review of the literature, there is a lack of data on the mechanisms that participate in the suppression of inflammation that accompanies polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Additionally, the changes in oxidative status resulting from a low-calorie diet have not been studied in a group of women with PCOS, and the oxidation and reduction processes associated with PCOS have not been explained. Material and methods: The study involved 49 women who were diagnosed with PCOS according to Rotterdam’s criteria, and 24 women voluntarily agreed to a three-month dietary intervention. The dietary intervention was carried out for 3 months. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) activity, the Ferric reducing ability of plasma, and uric acid concentration were measured spectrophotometrically both before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was performed with the Statistica 10.0 software package, and a Pearson’s correlation matrix was generated. Results: A lower concentration of GPx3 was observed in women with PCOS (before the dietetic intervention began) compared with the GPx3 levels in healthy women. A relationship was shown between GPx3 levels and the concentration of prolactin, insulin on fasting, and triglycerides. After the dietary intervention, increases in uric acid and GPx3 activity were noted, as well as numerous relationships between anthropometric and biochemical parameters. The ferric reducing/antioxidant power did not change significantly. Conclusions: Inhibiting the effect of prolactin (by the level of reactive oxygen species) on the activity of GPx3 could be a starting point for the increase in antioxidative stress and the development of the inflammatory state associated with PCOS pathophysiology. Following a low-calorie diet with a lower glycemic index is proposed to silence inflammation by increasing the concentration of uric acid. During GPx3 mobilization, women with PCOS have a higher demand for selenium, and its deficiencies may contribute to disordered thyroid hormone synthesis. The three-month dietary intervention did not silence redox processes in the examined group of women.
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Botta A, Liu Y, Wannaiampikul S, Tungtrongchitr R, Dadson K, Park TS, Sweeney G. An adiponectin-S1P axis protects against lipid induced insulin resistance and cardiomyocyte cell death via reduction of oxidative stress. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:14. [PMID: 30828353 PMCID: PMC6385438 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin exerts several beneficial cardiovascular effects, however their specific molecular mechanisms require additional understanding. This study investigated the mechanisms of adiponectin action in the heart during high fat diet (HFD) feeding or in palmitate (PA) treated H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. METHODS 6-week-old male adiponectin knock out (Ad-KO) mice were fed chow or 60% HFD for 6 weeks then received saline or recombinant adiponectin (3μg/g body weight) for an additional 2 weeks. After acute insulin stimulation (4 U/kg), tissue and serum samples were collected for analysis. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were treated ±0.1 mM PA, the adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon, or the antioxidant MnTBAP then assays to analyze reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell death were conducted. To specifically determine the mechanistic role of S1P, gain and loss of function studies were conducted with adding S1P to cells or the inhibitors THI and SKI-II, respectively. RESULTS HFD feeding induced cardiac insulin resistance in Ad-KO mice, which was reversed following replenishment of normal circulating adiponectin levels. In addition, myocardial total triglyceride was elevated by HFD and lipidomic analysis showed increased levels of ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), with only the latter being corrected by adiponectin administration. Similarly, treatment of H9C2 cardiomyoblasts with PA led to a significant increase of intracellular S1P but not in conditioned media whereas AdipoRon significantly increased S1P production and secretion from cells. AdipoRon or the antioxidant MnTBAP significantly reduced PA-induced cell death. Gain and loss of function studies suggested S1P secretion and autocrine receptor activation mediated the effect of AdipoRon to attenuate PA-induced ROS production and cell death. CONCLUSION Our data establish adiponectin signaling-mediated increase in S1P secretion as a mechanism via which HFD or PA induced cardiomyocyte lipotoxicity, leading to insulin resistance and cell death, is attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Botta
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Sivaporn Wannaiampikul
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungsunn Tungtrongchitr
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Keith Dadson
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam, South Korea
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3 Canada
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Letra L, Rodrigues T, Matafome P, Santana I, Seiça R. Adiponectin and sporadic Alzheimer's disease: Clinical and molecular links. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 52:1-11. [PMID: 29038028 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been consistently associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) though the exact mechanisms by which it influences cognition are still elusive and subject of current research. Adiponectin, the most abundant adipokine in circulation, is inversely correlated with adipose tissue dysfunction and seems to be a central player in this association. In fact, different signalling pathways are shared by adiponectin and proteins involved in AD pathophysiology and considerable amount of evidence supports its direct and indirect influence on β-amyloid and tau aggregates formation. In this paper we present a critical review of cellular, animal and clinical studies which have contributed to a more thorough understanding of the extent to which adiponectin influences the risk of developing AD as well as its progression. Finally, the effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on circulating adiponectin levels, possible therapeutic applications and future research strategies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Letra
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga - Aveiro, Av. Artur Ravara, 3814-501 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Matafome
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Santana
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Seiça
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Benomar Y, Taouis M. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Obesity-Induced Hypothalamic Inflammation and Insulin Resistance: Pivotal Role of Resistin/TLR4 Pathways. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:140. [PMID: 30906281 PMCID: PMC6418006 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance are among the clinical features of obesity that are thought to promote the progressive onset of type 2 diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms linking these disorders remain not fully understood. Recent reports pointed out hypothalamic inflammation as a major step in the onset of obesity-induced insulin resistance. In light of the increasing prevalence of obesity and T2D, two worldwide public health concerns, deciphering mechanisms implicated in hypothalamic inflammation constitutes a major challenge in the field of insulin-resistance/obesity. Several clinical and experimental studies have identified resistin as a key hormone linking insulin-resistance to obesity, notably through the activation of Toll Like Receptor (TLR) 4 signaling pathways. In this review, we present an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation and insulin resistance with peculiar focus on the role of resistin/TLR4 signaling pathway.
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Wang B, Cheng KKY. Hypothalamic AMPK as a Mediator of Hormonal Regulation of Energy Balance. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113552. [PMID: 30423881 PMCID: PMC6274700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a cellular energy sensor and regulator, adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of energy homeostasis in both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral organs. Activation of hypothalamic AMPK maintains energy balance by inducing appetite to increase food intake and diminishing adaptive thermogenesis in adipose tissues to reduce energy expenditure in response to food deprivation. Numerous metabolic hormones, such as leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin and insulin, exert their energy regulatory effects through hypothalamic AMPK via integration with the neural circuits. Although activation of AMPK in peripheral tissues is able to promote fatty acid oxidation and insulin sensitivity, its chronic activation in the hypothalamus causes obesity by inducing hyperphagia in both humans and rodents. In this review, we discuss the role of hypothalamic AMPK in mediating hormonal regulation of feeding and adaptive thermogenesis, and summarize the diverse underlying mechanisms by which central AMPK maintains energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baile Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kenneth King-Yip Cheng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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Badon SE, Zhu Y, Sridhar SB, Xu F, Lee C, Ehrlich SF, Quesenberry CP, Hedderson MM. A Pre-Pregnancy Biomarker Risk Score Improves Prediction of Future Gestational Diabetes. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:1158-1169. [PMID: 30302420 PMCID: PMC6169465 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous studies have not examined the ability of multiple preconception biomarkers, considered together, to improve prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). OBJECTIVE To develop a preconception biomarker risk score and assess its association with subsequent GDM. DESIGN A nested case-control study among a cohort of women with serum collected as part of a health examination (1984 to 1996) and subsequent pregnancy (1984 to 2009). Biomarkers associated with GDM were dichotomized into high/low risk. SETTING Integrated health care system. PARTICIPANTS Two controls were matched to each GDM case (n = 256 cases) on year and age at examination, age at pregnancy, and number of pregnancies between examination and index pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE GDM. RESULTS High-risk levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG; <44.2 nM), glucose (>90 mg/dL), total adiponectin (<7.2 μg/mL), and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (>3.9) were independently associated with 2.34 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.50, 3.63], 2.03 (95% CI: 1.29, 3.19), 1.83 (95% CI: 1.16, 2.90), and 1.67 (95% CI: 1.07, 2.62) times the odds of GDM and included in the biomarker risk score. For each unit increase in the biomarker risk score, odds of GDM were 1.94 times greater (95% CI: 1.59, 2.36). A biomarker risk score including only SHBG and glucose was sufficient to improve prediction beyond established risk factors (age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, family history of diabetes, previous GDM; area under the curve = 0.73 vs 0.67, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The improved, predictive ability of the biomarker risk score beyond established risk factors suggests clinical use of the biomarker risk score in identifying women at risk for GDM before conception for targeted prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia E Badon
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Yeyi Zhu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Sneha B Sridhar
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Fei Xu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Catherine Lee
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Samantha F Ehrlich
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
- University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | | | - Monique M Hedderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
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Lee YS, Kim SH, Yuk HJ, Lee GJ, Kim DS. Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze (New Zealand Spinach) Prevents Obesity and Hyperuricemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081087. [PMID: 30110943 PMCID: PMC6116159 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze, called New Zealand spinach (NZS), is an edible plant used in salad in Western countries and has been used to treat gastrointestinal diseases in traditional medicine. We examined the anti-obesity and anti-hyperuricemic effects of NZS and the underlying mechanisms in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Mice were fed a normal-fat diet (NFD); high-fat diet (HFD); HFD with 75, 150, or 300 mg/kg NZS extract; or 245 mg/kg Garcinia cambogia (GC) extract. NZS decreased body weight gain, total white adipose tissue (WAT), liver weight, and size of adipocytes and improved hepatic and plasma lipid profiles. With NZS, the plasma levels of the leptin and uric acid were significantly decreased while the levels of the adiponectin were increased. Furthermore, NZS decreased the expression levels of adipogenesis-related genes and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which is involved in uric acid production, while increasing that of proteins associated with fatty acid oxidation. UPLC analysis revealed that NZS contained 6-methoxykaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucosyl(1′′′→2′′)-β-d-glucopyranoside, 6-methoxykaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucosyl(1′′′→2′′)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(6′′′′-caffeoyl)-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, and 6,4′-dimethoxykaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucosyl(1′′′→2′′)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(6′′′′-caffeoyl)-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside. These results suggest that NZS exerts anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemia, and anti-hyperuricemic effects in HFD-induced obese mice, which are partly explained by regulation of lipid-metabolism-related genes and proteins and decreased expression of XOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sil Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Dajeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Korea.
| | - Heung Joo Yuk
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Dajeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Geung-Joo Lee
- Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Dong-Seon Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Dajeon 34054, Korea.
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Nguyen-Tu MS, Nivoit P, Oréa V, Lemoine S, Acquaviva C, Pagnon-Minot A, Fromy B, Sethi JK, Sigaudo-Roussel D. Inflammation-linked adaptations in dermal microvascular reactivity accompany the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:556-566. [PMID: 30006585 PMCID: PMC6223541 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background/Objectives The increased prevalence of obesity has prompted great strides in our understanding of specific adipose depots and their involvement in cardio-metabolic health. However, the impact of obesity on dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) and dermal microvascular functionality remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the temporal changes that occur in dWAT and dermal microvascular functionality during the development of diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes in mice. Methods Metabolic phenotyping of a murine model of hypercaloric diet (HCD)-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes was performed at three time points that reflected three distinct stages of disease development; 2 weeks of HCD-overweight-metabolically healthy, 4 weeks of HCD-obese-prediabetic and 12 weeks of HCD-obese-type 2 diabetic mice. Expansion of dWAT was characterized histologically, and changes in dermal microvascular reactivity were assessed in response to pressure and the vasodilators SNP and Ach. Results HCD resulted in a progressive expansion of dWAT and increased expression of pro-inflammatory markers (IL1β and COX-2). Impairments in pressure-induced (PIV) and Ach-induced (endothelium-dependent) vasodilation occurred early, in overweight-metabolically healthy mice. Residual vasodilatory responses were NOS-independent but sensitive to COX inhibition. These changes were associated with reductions in NO and adiponectin bioavailability, and rescued by exogenous adiponectin or hyperinsulinemia. Obese-prediabetic mice continued to exhibit impaired Ach-dependent vasodilation but PIV appeared normalized. This normalization coincided with elevated endogenous adiponectin and insulin levels, and was sensitive to NOS, COX and PI3K, inhibition. In obese-type 2 diabetic mice, both Ach-stimulated and pressure-induced vasodilatory responses were increased through enhanced COX-2-dependent prostaglandin response. Conclusions We demonstrate that the development of obesity, metabolic dysfunction and type 2 diabetes, in HCD-fed mice, is accompanied by increased dermal adiposity and associated metaflammation in dWAT. Importantly, these temporal changes are also linked to disease stage-specific dermal microvascular reactivity, which may reflect adaptive mechanisms driven by metaflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Sophie Nguyen-Tu
- LBTI, UMR CNRS 5305, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France.,University of Lyon 1, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Pierre Nivoit
- LBTI, UMR CNRS 5305, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France.,University of Lyon 1, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Valérie Oréa
- LBTI, UMR CNRS 5305, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France.,University of Lyon 1, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | | | - Cécile Acquaviva
- LBTI, UMR CNRS 5305, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France.,Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677, Bron, France
| | | | - Bérengère Fromy
- LBTI, UMR CNRS 5305, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France.,University of Lyon 1, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Jaswinder K Sethi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Institute of Developmental Sciences Building, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK. .,National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK. .,Institute for Life Sciences, Life Sciences Building 85, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Dominique Sigaudo-Roussel
- LBTI, UMR CNRS 5305, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France. .,University of Lyon 1, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France.
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Damanaki A, Nokhbehsaim M, Hiththetiya K, Memmert S, Gao J, Nguyen KA, Götz W, Jäger A, Wahl G, Deschner J. Characterization of a diet-induced obesity rat model for periodontal research. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:937-946. [PMID: 29907930 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is associated with periodontitis, but the mechanisms underlying this association have yet to be unraveled. The present investigation was to evaluate a common rat model, in which obesity is induced by high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFSD), for its applicability in periodontal research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten male Wistar rats were fed a 3-month HFSD along with a matching control group. Afterwards, the body weight, adipocyte morphology, leptin and adiponectin levels in adipose tissue, gingiva, and serum as well as the serum levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, and glucose were analyzed. For statistical analyses, parametric and non-parametric tests were applied (p < 0.05). RESULTS Body weight was significantly higher in the HFSD group after dieting as compared to control. HFSD caused a significant increase in serum triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and leptin levels and a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, adipose tissue from HFSD rats exhibited significantly larger adipocytes, displayed a significant upregulation of leptin and, surprisingly, elevated adiponectin levels, which is in contrast to chronic obesity in humans. Although leptin and adiponectin were also observed in gingival biopsies, no obvious differences between the groups were found. CONCLUSIONS Although this rat diet-induced obesity model is characterized by changes typical of obesity, it also has limitations, which have to be considered when data, especially with regard to adipokines, are extrapolated to humans. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The rodent diet-induced obesity model may be useful for unraveling pathomechanisms underlying the association between obesity and periodontal destruction but conclusions have to be drawn with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Damanaki
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Svenja Memmert
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jinlong Gao
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ky-Anh Nguyen
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Werner Götz
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wahl
- Department of Oral Surgery, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
- Noel Martin Visiting Chair, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Australia.
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