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Elahinik A, Haarsma M, Abbas B, Pabst M, Xevgenos D, van Loosdrecht MCM, Pronk M. Glycerol conversion by aerobic granular sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 227:119340. [PMID: 36395566 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glycerol is abundantly present in wastewater from industries such as biodiesel production facilities. Glycerol is also a potential carbon source for microbes that are involved in wastewater nutrient removal processes. The conversion of glycerol in biological phosphorus removal of aerobic granular sludge processes has not been explored to date. The current study describes glycerol utilization by aerobic granular sludge and enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). Robust granules with good phosphorus removal capabilities were formed in an aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor fed with glycerol. The interaction between the fermentative conversion of glycerol and product uptake by polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) was studied using stoichiometric and microbial community analysis. Metagenomic, metaproteomic and microscopic analysis identified a community dominated by Actinobacteria (Tessaracoccus and Micropruina) and a typical PAO known as Ca. Accumulibacter. Glycerol uptake facilitator (glpF) and glycerol kinase (glpK), two proteins involved in the transport of glycerol into the cellular metabolism, were only observed in the genome of the Actinobacteria. The anaerobic conversion appeared to be a combination of a substrate fermentation and product uptake-type reaction. Initially, glycerol fermentation led mainly to the production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) which was not taken up under anaerobic conditions. Despite the aerobic conversion of 1,3-PDO stable granulation was observed. Over time, 1,3-PDO production decreased and complete anaerobic COD uptake was observed. The results demonstrate that glycerol-containing wastewater can effectively be treated by the aerobic granular sludge process and that fermentative and polyphosphate accumulating organisms can form a food chain in glycerol-based EBPR processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Elahinik
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Maureen Haarsma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Abbas
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Pabst
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Xevgenos
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ, Delft, The Netherlands; Royal HaskoningDHV, Laan 1914 no 35, 3800AL, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
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2
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Tian Y, Chen H, Chen L, Deng X, Hu Z, Wang C, Wei C, Qiu G, Wuertz S. Glycine adversely affects enhanced biological phosphorus removal. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117894. [PMID: 34890912 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is used extensively in full-scale wastewater treatment plants for the removal of phosphorus. Despite previous evidence showing that glycine is a carbon source for a certain lineage of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) such as Tetrasphaera, it is still unknown whether glycine can support EBPR. We observed an overall adverse effect of glycine on EBPR using activated sludge from both full-scale wastewater treatment plants and lab-scale reactors harboring distant and diverse PAOs and glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs), including Candidatus Accumulibacter, Thiothrix, Tetrasphaera, Dechloromonas, Ca. Competibacter, and Defluviicoccus, among others. Glycine induced phosphorus (P) release under anaerobic conditions without being effectively taken up by cells. The induced P release rate correlated with glycine concentration in the range of 10 to 50 mg C/L. PAOs continued to release P in the presence of glycine under aerobic conditions without any evident P uptake. Under mixed carbon conditions, the occurrence of glycine did not seem to affect acetate uptake; however, it significantly reduced the rate of P uptake in the aerobic phase. Overall, glycine did not appear to be an effective carbon source for a majority of PAOs and GAOs in full-scale and lab-scale systems, and neither did other community members utilize glycine under anaerobic or aerobic conditions. Metatranscriptomic analysis showed the transcription of glycine cleavage T, P and H protein genes, but not of the L protein or the downstream genes in the glycine cleavage pathway, suggesting barriers to metabolizing glycine. The high transcription of a gene encoding a drug/metabolite transporter suggests a potential efflux mechanism, where glycine transported into the cells is in turn exported at the expense of ATP, resulting in P release without affecting the glycine concentration in solution. The ability of glycine to induce P release without cellular uptake suggests a way to effectively recover P from P-enriched waste sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Tian
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hang Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liping Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuhan Deng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zekun Hu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cenchao Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chaohai Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration in Industrial Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guanglei Qiu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration in Industrial Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Stefan Wuertz
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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Changes in BNR Microbial Community in Response to Different Selection Pressure. NITROGEN 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/nitrogen2040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated structural changes in microbial community of biological nutrient removal (BNR) in response to changes in substrate composition (ammonium and phosphate), redox condition, and morphological characteristics (flocs to granules), with a focus on nitrification and phosphate removal. Analyzing treatment performance and 16S rRNA phylogenetic gene sequencing data suggested that heterotrophic nitrification (HN) and autotrophic nitrification (AN) potentially happened in aerobic organic-rich (HN_AS) and aerobic organic-deficient (AN_AS) activated sludge batch reactors, respectively. However, phosphate release and uptake were not observed under alternating anaerobic/aerobic regime. Phosphate release could not be induced even when anaerobic phase was extended, although Accumulibacter existed in the inoculum (5.1% of total bacteria). Some potential HN (e.g., Thauera, Acinetobacter, Flavobacterium), AN (e.g., Nitrosomonas (3.2%) and Nitrospira), and unconventional phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) were identified. Putative HN bacteria (i.e., Thauera (29–36%) and Flavobacterium (18–25%)) were enriched in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) regardless of the granular reactor operation mode. Enrichment of HN organisms in the AGS was suspected to be mainly due to granulation, possibly due to the floc-forming ability of HN species. Thus, HN is likely to play a role in nitrogen removal in AGS reactors. This study is supposed to serve as a starting point for the investigation of the microbial communities of AS- and AGS-based BNR processes. It is recommended that the identified roles for the isolated bacteria are further investigated in future works.
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Rey-Martínez N, Merdan G, Guisasola A, Baeza JA. Nitrite and nitrate inhibition thresholds for a glutamate-fed bio-P sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131173. [PMID: 34182653 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is an efficient and sustainable technology to remove phosphorus from wastewater. A widely known cause of EBPR deterioration in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is the presence of nitrate/nitrite or oxygen in the anaerobic reactor. Moreover, most existing studies on the effect of either permanent aerobic conditions or inhibition of EBPR by nitrate or free nitrous acid (FNA) have been conducted with a "Candidatus Accumulibacter" or Tetrasphaera-enriched sludge, which are the two major reported groups of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) with key roles in full-scale EBPR WWTPs. This work reports the denitrification capabilities of a bio-P microbial community developed using glutamate as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. This bio-P sludge exhibited a high denitrifying PAO (DPAO) activity, in fact, 56% of the phosphorus was uptaken under anoxic conditions. Furthermore, this mixed culture was able to use nitrite and nitrate as electron acceptor for P-uptake, being 1.8 μg HNO2-N·L-1 the maximum FNA concentration at which P-uptake can occur. Net P-removal was observed under permanent aerobic conditions. However, this microbial culture was more sensitive to FNA and permanent aerobic conditions compared to "Ca. Accumulibacter"-enriched sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rey-Martínez
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gökçe Merdan
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Environmental Engineering, Namık Kemal University, Turkey.
| | - Albert Guisasola
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Baeza
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
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Iannacone F, Di Capua F, Granata F, Gargano R, Esposito G. Shortcut nitrification-denitrification and biological phosphorus removal in acetate- and ethanol-fed moving bed biofilm reactors under microaerobic/aerobic conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 330:124958. [PMID: 33756183 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of coupling simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification (SPND) to biological phosphorus removal in continuous-flow intermittently-aerated moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) fed with different carbon sources, i.e. ethanol and acetate. Bacterial cultivation at pH 8.2 (±0.2), 26-28 °C and SRT of 4 day and microaerobic/aerobic MBBR operation allowed to achieve average dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) and P-PO43- removal efficiencies (REs) of 100%, 81-88% and 83-86% at HRT of 1 day, dissolved oxygen (DO) range of 0.2-3 mg L-1 and feed C/N and C/P ratios of 3.6 and 11, respectively. Acetate supplementation favored a diversified microbial community, while overgrowth of heterotrophs was observed when increasing feed C/N ratio in ethanol-fed MBBR. Illumina sequencing displayed the presence of putative phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) such as Hydrogenophaga and Pseudomonas in MBBR biofilm and suspended biomass, whereas no typical NOB was identified during the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Iannacone
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, via Gaetano di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy.
| | - Francesco Di Capua
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy; Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Granata
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, via Gaetano di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Rudy Gargano
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, via Gaetano di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
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6
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Understanding microbial shift of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal process (EBPR) under different Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentrations and Hydraulic Retention Time (HRTs). Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Li B, Jing F, Wu D, Xiao B, Hu Z. Simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by a novel aerobic denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating bacterium, Pseudomonas stutzeri ADP-19. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124445. [PMID: 33276210 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating bacterium was isolated from contaminated sediment and identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri ADP-19. Bio-safety assays demonstrated that the strain was γ-hemolytic, antibiotic-sensitive, and had no decarboxylase activity. It removed 96.5% of NH4+-N and 73.3% of PO43--P (at initial concentrations of 100 mg/L and 20 mg/L) under aerobic conditions, and the corresponding maximum removal rates were 3.44 and 0.41 mg/L/h, respectively. Nitrogen removal was achieved through a fully nitrification-denitrification pathway [NH4+-N → NH2OH → NO2--N → NO3--N → NO2--N → (NxO) → N2], while phosphorus removal mainly depended on the phosphate assimilation and the excessive poly-P accumulation. Strain ADP-19 also showed a strong salt tolerance within a wide salinity range of 0-5%. The enhanced biological treatment of anaerobic-digested wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) indicated that the strain improved the microbial diversity of the activated sludge and significantly enhanced the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingtang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Fangyuan Jing
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Dingshan Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Bo Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zhiquan Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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8
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Haaksman VA, Mirghorayshi M, van Loosdrecht MCM, Pronk M. Impact of aerobic availability of readily biodegradable COD on morphological stability of aerobic granular sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 187:116402. [PMID: 32956938 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Operational disturbances in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) systems can result in aerobic availability of readily biodegradable COD (rbCOD). Different from activated sludge, morphological consequences on the short and long term are not well described in literature. This study investigated the effect of incomplete anaerobic uptake of acetate on the morphological and process stability of AGS using a lab-scale reactor. A fraction of the total acetate load was dosed aerobically, which was increased stepwise while monitoring granular morphology. A good granular morphology and an SVI of 40 ml/g were obtained during initial enrichment and maintained for ≤20% aerobic acetate load dosed at 4 mg COD/g VSS/h. Biological phosphorus removal efficiency was initially unaffected, but the aerobic acetate dosage rate did decrease the aerobic phosphate uptake rate. This led to loss of phosphorus removal for >20% aerobic acetate load dosed at 8 mg COD/g VSS/h over the course of 12 days. Subsequently, significant outgrowth formed on the granular surfaces and developed over time into finger-like structures. Under these high aerobic acetate loads the SVI increased to 80 ml/g and resulted in significant biomass washout due to deteriorating settling properties of the sludge. The sludge settleability and biological phosphorus removal recovered 10 days after aerobic feeding of acetate was stopped. Aerobic presence of rbCOD can be tolerated if mostly anaerobic acetate uptake is maintained, thereby ensuring stable granular morphology and good settleability. The high enrichment of phosphate accumulating organisms in the granular sludge through bottom-feeding and selective wasting of flocs makes aerobic granular sludge resilient to morphological deterioration in aerobic presence of rbCOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Haaksman
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, Netherlands.
| | - M Mirghorayshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, Netherlands; Environment Research Center (ERC), Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - M C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, Netherlands
| | - M Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, Netherlands; Royal HaskoningDHV, Laan 1914 35, Amersfoort 3800 AL, Netherlands
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9
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Insights into the effects of acetate on the community structure of Candidatus Accumulibacter in biological phosphorus removal system using DNA stable-isotope probing (DNA-SIP). Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 139:109567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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De Vleeschauwer F, Caluwé M, Dobbeleers T, Stes H, Dockx L, Kiekens F, D'aes J, Copot C, Dries J. Performance and stability of a dynamically controlled EBPR anaerobic/aerobic granular sludge reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 280:151-157. [PMID: 30771569 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of rapidly varying wastewaters in anaerobic/aerobic aerobic granular sludge (AGS) systems remains problematic. This study investigated AGS formation and the impact of varying COD and phosphorus concentrations on an enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) AGS SBR with a conductivity based anaerobic and OUR based aerobic dynamically controlled step. Phase 1 investigated the development of AGS. Phase 2 examined the flexibility of the dynamic control strategy and AGS efficiency while rapidly altering the influent composition. AGS was formed successfully in phase 1: the DV50 increased to 285 µm, and the SVI5 and SVI30 decreased to 51 and 40 ml/g respectively. In phase 2 the effluent COD and PO4-P concentration remained low at respectively 58 ± 27 mg/L and 0.53 ± 0.77 mg/L. With an anaerobic DOC uptake efficiency of 98.4 ± 0.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flinn De Vleeschauwer
- Research Group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michel Caluwé
- Research Group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thomas Dobbeleers
- Research Group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hannah Stes
- Research Group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium; Pantarein Water BVBA, Egide Walschaersstraat 22L, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Lennert Dockx
- Research Group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Filip Kiekens
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jolien D'aes
- Research Group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cosmin Copot
- Research group Op3Mech, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Dries
- Research Group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium.
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11
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Hu X, Sobotka D, Czerwionka K, Zhou Q, Xie L, Makinia J. Effects of different external carbon sources and electron acceptors on interactions between denitrification and phosphorus removal in biological nutrient removal processes. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 19:305-316. [PMID: 29616506 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effects of two different external carbon sources (acetate and ethanol) and electron acceptors (dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and nitrite) were investigated under aerobic and anoxic conditions with non-acclimated process biomass from a full-scale biological nutrient removal-activated sludge system. When acetate was added as an external carbon source, phosphate release was observed even in the presence of electron acceptors. The release rates were 1.7, 7.8, and 3.5 mg P/(g MLVSS·h) (MLVSS: mixed liquor volatile suspended solids), respectively, for dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and nitrite. In the case of ethanol, no phosphate release was observed in the presence of electron acceptors. Results of the experiments with nitrite showed that approximately 25 mg NO2-N/L of nitrite inhibited anoxic phosphorus uptake regardless of the concentration of the tested external carbon sources. Furthermore, higher denitrification rates were obtained with acetate (1.4 and 0.8 mg N/(g MLVSS·h)) compared to ethanol (1.1 and 0.7 mg N/ (g MLVSS·h)) for both anoxic electron acceptors (nitrate and nitrite).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hu
- Anhui Guozhen Environmental Protection Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Hefei 230000, China
| | - Dominika Sobotka
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Czerwionka
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Li Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jacek Makinia
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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12
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Liu H, Yang Y, Sun H, Zhao L, Liu Y. Effect of tetracycline on microbial community structure associated with enhanced biological N&P removal in sequencing batch reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 256:414-420. [PMID: 29477079 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of antibiotics in wastewater has raised serious concerns about its potential impacts on biological nitrogen and phosphorus (N&P) removal. This study investigated the long-term process performance and microbial structures in response to tetracycline in the enhanced N&P removal process. Results showed that trace tetracycline (20 and 50 μg/L) had no obvious effect on the N&P removal, while the relative abundances of Nitrospira and poly-phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) were found to increase. Moreover, the decreased abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was observed. When the tetracycline concentrations were further increased to 2 and 5 mg/L, initially the N&P removal was seriously inhibited, but gradually recovered with the restored abundances of Nitrospira and PAOs. However, AOB, Nitrobacter and denitrifiers were found to be more vulnerable to high-concentration tetracycline with slow activity recovery. Consequently, this study offered useful information about long-term microbial responses to tetracycline in enhanced biological nutrient removal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yongkui Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huifang Sun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Lin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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13
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Luo D, Yuan L, Liu L, Wang Y, Fan W. The mechanism of biological phosphorus removal under anoxic-aerobic alternation condition with starch as sole carbon source and its biochemical pathway. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Nittami T, Mukai M, Uematsu K, Yoon LW, Schroeder S, Chua ASM, Fukuda J, Fujita M, Seviour RJ. Effects of different carbon sources on enhanced biological phosphorus removal and “Candidatus Accumulibacter” community composition under continuous aerobic condition. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:8607-8619. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Zafiriadis I, Kapagiannidis AG, Ntougias S, Aivasidis A. Inhibition of the respiratory chain reactions in denitrifying EBPR biomass under simultaneous presence of acetate and electron acceptor. N Biotechnol 2017; 36:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Cokro AA, Law Y, Williams RBH, Cao Y, Nielsen PH, Wuertz S. Non-denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms obviate requirement for anaerobic condition. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 111:393-403. [PMID: 28110143 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is a widely used process in wastewater treatment that requires anaerobic/aerobic or anaerobic/anoxic cycling. Surprisingly, phosphorus (P) release was observed in the presence of nitrate in the anoxic compartment of the activated sludge tank in a full-scale treatment plant with the Modified Ludzack Ettinger configuration. We therefore studied the potential of this full-scale activated sludge community to perform EBPR under anoxic/aerobic cycling. The polyphosphate accumulating organism (PAO) Candidatus Accumulibacter represented 3.3% of total bacteria based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and metagenome analysis suggested it was likely to be dominated by Clade IIC. Using acetate as the carbon source in batch experiments, active denitrifying organisms (DPAOs) were estimated to comprise 39-44% of the total PAO population in the sludge, with the remaining 56-61% unable to utilize nitrate. When propionate was provided as the organic carbon source, 95% of the PAO population was unable to denitrify. EBPR occurred under defined anoxic/aerobic conditions, despite the presence of DPAOs, when synthetic wastewater was supplemented with either acetate or propionate or when primary effluent was supplied. In addition, the P release and subsequent uptake rates under anoxic/aerobic conditions were comparable to those observed under anaerobic/aerobic conditions. In contrast, a significant reduction in P release rate was observed when acetate was provided under oxic conditions. We postulate that non-DPAOs that recognize the anoxic condition as pseudo-anaerobic were the key players in anoxic/aerobic EBPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Anisa Cokro
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Yingyu Law
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Rohan B H Williams
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Yeshi Cao
- Public Utilities Board, 40 Scotts Road, Environment Building, Singapore 228231, Singapore
| | - Per H Nielsen
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Centre for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Stefan Wuertz
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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17
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Luo D, Yuan L, Liu L, Chai L, Wang X. Biological phosphorus removal in anoxic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor with starch as sole carbon source. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 75:28-38. [PMID: 28067643 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In traditional biological phosphorus removal (BPR), phosphorus release in anaerobic stage is the prerequisite of phosphorus excessive uptake in aerobic conditions. Moreover, when low molecular weight of the organic substance such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs) is scarce in bulk liquid or anaerobic condition does not exist, phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) have difficulty removing phosphorus. However, in this work, phosphorus removal in two anoxic-aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) was observed when starch was supplied as a sole carbon source. The relations of the BPR with idle period were investigated in the two identical SBRs; the idle times were set to 0.5 hr (R1) and 4 hr (R2), respectively. Results of the study showed that, in the two SBRs, phosphorus concentrations of 0.26-3.11 mg/L in effluent were obtained after aeration when phosphorus concentration in influent was about 8 mg/L. Moreover, lower accumulations/transformations of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and higher transformation of glycogen occurred in the SBRs, indicating that glycogen was the main energy source that was different from the traditional mechanism of BPR. Under the different idle time, the phosphorus removal was a little different. In R2, which had a longer idle period, phosphorus release was very obvious just as occurs in a anaerobic-aerobic regime, but there was a special phenomenon of chemical oxygen demand increase, while VFAs had no notable change. It is speculated that PAOs can assimilate organic compounds in the mixed liquor, which were generated from glycolysis by fermentative organisms, coupled with phosphorus release. In R1, which had a very short idle period, anaerobic condition did not exist; phosphorus removal rate reached 63%. It is implied that a new metabolic pathway can occur even without anaerobic phosphorus release when starch is supplied as the sole carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacheng Luo
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China E-mail:
| | - Linjiang Yuan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China E-mail:
| | - Lun Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China E-mail:
| | - Lu Chai
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China E-mail:
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China E-mail:
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18
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Characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates extracted from wastewater sludge under different environmental conditions. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Hu X, Wisniewski K, Czerwionka K, Zhou Q, Xie L, Makinia J. Modeling the Effect of External Carbon Source Addition under Different Electron Acceptor Conditions in Biological Nutrient Removal Activated Sludge Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1887-1896. [PMID: 26783836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to expand the International Water Association Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d) to predict the aerobic/anoxic behavior of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) and "ordinary" heterotrophs in the presence of different external carbon sources and electron acceptors. The following new aspects were considered: (1) a new type of the readily biodegradable substrate, not available for the anaerobic activity of PAOs, (2) nitrite as an electron acceptor, and (3) acclimation of "ordinary" heterotrophs to the new external substrate via enzyme synthesis. The expanded model incorporated 30 new or modified process rate equations. The model was evaluated against data from several, especially designed laboratory experiments which focused on the combined effects of different types of external carbon sources (acetate, ethanol and fusel oil) and electron acceptors (dissolved oxygen, nitrate and nitrite) on the behavior of PAOs and "ordinary" heterotrophs. With the proposed expansions, it was possible to improve some deficiencies of the ASM2d in predicting the behavior of biological nutrient removal (BNR) systems with the addition of external carbon sources, including the effect of acclimation to the new carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kamil Wisniewski
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology , ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Czerwionka
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology , ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Li Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jacek Makinia
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology , ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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20
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Zhao J, Wang D, Li X, Zeng G, Yang Q. Improved biological phosphorus removal induced by an oxic/extended-idle process using glycerol and acetate at equal fractions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18799d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Variations of effluent SOP concentration and SOP removal efficiency in O/EI reactor during long-term operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control
| | - Xiaoming Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control
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21
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Tayà C, Guerrero J, Suárez-Ojeda ME, Guisasola A, Baeza JA. Assessment of crude glycerol for Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal: Stability and role of long chain fatty acids. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 141:50-56. [PMID: 26092200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) of urban wastewaters is usually limited by the available carbon source required by Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms (PAO). External carbon sources as volatile fatty acids (VFA) or other pure organic compounds have been tested at lab scale demonstrating its ability to enhance PAO activity, but the application of this strategy at full-scale WWTPs is not cost-effective. The utilization of industrial by-products with some of these organic compounds provides lower cost, but it has the possible drawback of having inhibitory or toxic compounds to PAO. This study is focused on the utilization of crude glycerol, the industrial by-product generated in the biodiesel production, as a possible carbon source to enhance EBPR in carbon-limited urban wastewaters. Crude glycerol has non-negligible content of other organic compounds as methanol, salts, VFA and long chain fatty acids (LCFA). VFA and methanol have been demonstrated to enhance PAO activity, but there is no previous study about the effect of LCFA on PAO. This work presents the operation of an EBPR SBR system using crude glycerol as sole carbon source, studying also its long-term stability. The effect of LCFA is evaluated at short and long-term operation, demonstrating for the first time EBPR activity with LCFA as sole carbon source and its long-term failure due to the increased hydrophobicity of the sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Tayà
- GENOCOV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Javier Guerrero
- GENOCOV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Eugenia Suárez-Ojeda
- GENOCOV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Guisasola
- GENOCOV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Baeza
- GENOCOV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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22
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23
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Begum SA, Batista JR. Impact of butyrate on microbial selection in enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:2961-2972. [PMID: 25189844 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.927531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microbial selection in an enhanced biological phosphorus removal system was investigated in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor fed exclusively with butyrate as a carbon source. As reported in the few previous studies, butyrate uptake was slow and phosphorus (P) release occurred during the entire anaerobic period. Polyphosphate-accumulating organism (PAO), i.e. Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis (named as Accumulibacter), glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs), i.e. Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis (named as Competibacter) and Defluviicoccus-related, tetrad-forming alphaproteobacteria (named as Defluviicoccus) were identified using fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. The results show that Accumulibacter and Defluviicoccus were selected in the butyrate-fed reactor, whereas Competibacter was not selected. P removal was efficient at the beginning of the experiment with an increasing percentage relative abundance (% RA) of PAOs. The % RA of Accumulibacter and Defluviicoccus increased from 13% to 50% and 8% to 16%, respectively, and the % RA of Competibacter decreased from 8% to 2% during the experiment. After 6 weeks, P removal deteriorated with the poor correlation between the percentage of P removal and % RA of GAOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim A Begum
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Tuskegee University , 522E Luther Foster Hall, Tuskegee , AL 36088 , USA
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24
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Effect of dissolved oxygen on biological phosphorus removal induced by aerobic/extended-idle regime. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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25
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Anterrieu S, Quadri L, Geurkink B, Dinkla I, Bengtsson S, Arcos-Hernandez M, Alexandersson T, Morgan-Sagastume F, Karlsson A, Hjort M, Karabegovic L, Magnusson P, Johansson P, Christensson M, Werker A. Integration of biopolymer production with process water treatment at a sugar factory. N Biotechnol 2014; 31:308-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Li XM, Chen HB, Yang Q, Wang DB, Luo K, Zeng GM. Biological nutrient removal in a sequencing batch reactor operated as oxic/anoxic/extended-idle regime. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 105:75-81. [PMID: 24393562 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous researches have demonstrated that biological phosphorus removal from wastewater could be induced by oxic/extended-idle (O/EI) regime. In this study, an anoxic period was introduced after the aeration to realize biological nutrient removal. High nitrite accumulation ratio and polyhydroxyalkanoates biosynthesis were obtained in the aeration and biological nutrient removal could be well achieved in oxic/anoxic/extended-idle (O/A/EI) regime for the wastewater used. In addition, nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance in O/A/EI regime was compared with that in conventional anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A(2)/O) and O/EI processes. The results showed that O/A/EI regime exhibited higher nitrogen and phosphorus removal than A(2)/O and O/EI processes. More ammonium oxidizing bacteria and polyphosphate accumulating organisms and less glycogen accumulating organisms containing in the biomass might be the principal reason for the better nitrogen and phosphorus removal in O/A/EI regime. Furthermore, biological nutrient removal with O/A/EI regime was demonstrated with municipal wastewater. The average TN, SOP and COD removal efficiencies were 93%, 95% and 87%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-ming Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hong-bo Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Dong-bo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Kun Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China; Department of Bioengineering and Environment Science, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China
| | - Guang-ming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
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27
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Biological phosphorus removal from real wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor operated as aerobic/extended-idle regime. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Morales N, Figueroa M, Fra-Vázquez A, Val del Río A, Campos J, Mosquera-Corral A, Méndez R. Operation of an aerobic granular pilot scale SBR plant to treat swine slurry. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Val del Río A, Morales N, Figueroa M, Mosquera-Corral A, Campos JL, Méndez R. Effects of the cycle distribution on the performance of SBRs with aerobic granular biomass. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:1463-1472. [PMID: 24191480 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2012.753470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aerobic granular systems are mainly sequencing batch reactors where the biomass is submitted to feast-famine regimes to promote its aggregation in the form of granules. In these systems, different cycle distributions can be applied for the simultaneous removal of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus. In this work two strategies were followed in order to evaluate the effects of the cycle distribution. In the first experiment, the length of the operational cycle was decreased in order to maximize the treatment capacity and consequently the famine/feast ratio was also decreased. In the second experiment, an initial anoxic phase was implemented to improve nitrogen removal efficiency. The results obtained showed that to reduce the famine/feast ratio from 10 to 5 was possible by increasing the treated organic and nitrogen loading rates in the system to 33%, without affecting the removal efficiencies of organic matter (97%) and nitrogen (64%) and producing a slight detriment of the granules characteristics. On the other hand, the implementation of an anoxic phase of 30 min previous to the aerobic one with a pulse-fed mode increased the nitrogen removal of pig manure from 20 to 60%, while the cycle configuration comprising a continuous feeding simultaneous with an anoxic phase of 60 min did not enhance the nitrogen removal and even worsen the ammonia oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Val del Río
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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30
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Mielczarek AT, Nguyen HTT, Nielsen JL, Nielsen PH. Population dynamics of bacteria involved in enhanced biological phosphorus removal in Danish wastewater treatment plants. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:1529-1544. [PMID: 23317522 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process is increasingly popular as a sustainable method for removal of phosphorus (P) from wastewater. This study consisted of a comprehensive three-year investigation of the identity and population dynamics of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) in 28 Danish municipal wastewater treatment plants with nutrient removal. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was applied to quantify ten probe-defined populations of PAO and GAO that in total constituted a large fraction (30% on average) of the entire microbial community targeted by the EUBmix probes. Two PAO genera, Accumulibacter and Tetrasphaera, were very abundant in all EBPR plants (average of 3.7% and 27% of all bacteria, respectively), and their abundance was relatively stable in the Danish full-scale plants without clear temporal variations. GAOs were occasionally present in some plants (Competibacter in 11 plants, Defluviicoccus in 6 plants) and were consistent in only a few plants. This shows that these were not core species in the EBPR communities. The total GAO abundance was always lower than that of Accumulibacter. In plants without EBPR design, the abundance of PAO and GAO was significantly lower. Competibacter correlated in general with high fraction of industrial wastewater. In specific plants Accumulibacter correlated with high C/P ratio of the wastewater and Tetrasphaera with high organic loading. Interestingly, the relative microbial composition of the PAO/GAO species was unique to each plant over time, which gives a characteristic plant-specific "fingerprint".
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Tomasz Mielczarek
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 49, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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31
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Cai W, Zhang B, Jin Y, Lei Z, Feng C, Ding D, Hu W, Chen N, Suemura T. Behavior of total phosphorus removal in an intelligent controlled sequencing batch biofilm reactor for municipal wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 132:190-196. [PMID: 23411447 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of total phosphorus removal was investigated in present study in sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) controlled by an intelligent control system (ICS) with less energy consumption for municipal wastewater treatment. Stable total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency of 93.9 ± 2.2% was achieved in comparison to that of 93.3 ± 2.5% in a conventional timer control system (TCS-SBBR). Significant anaerobic phosphorus release was not observed in ICS-SBBR, which was unlike the conventional TCS-SBBR. Moreover, lower accumulations/transformations of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and higher transformation of glycogen occurred in the ICS-SBBR, indicating that PHAs was the main energy source while glycogen played a supporting role when PHAs were inadequate, which was different from the traditional mechanism of biological phosphorus removal in TCS-SBBR. The possible biochemical metabolism of phosphorus removal in ICS-SBBR was also elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution (China University of Geosciences Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
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32
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Comparison between aerobic and anoxic metabolism of denitrifying-EBPR sludge: effect of biomass poly-hydroxyalkanoates content. N Biotechnol 2013; 30:227-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Influence of temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen concentration on enhanced biological phosphorus removal under strictly aerobic conditions. N Biotechnol 2011; 29:2-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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34
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Tsai YP, Chen HT. Influence of sludge retention time on tolerance of copper toxicity for polyphosphate accumulating organisms linked to polyhydroxyalkanoates metabolism and phosphate removal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:11043-11047. [PMID: 21983403 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the influence of sludge retention time (SRT) on tolerance of copper invasion for polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) in an enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). The experimental data showed the anaerobic polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) storage for the sludge at 10d SRT was less influenced by copper invasion than those at 5d and 15d SRTs. The reaction of PAOs aerobically taking up phosphate for the sludge at 5d or 15d SRT almost ceased at 2 mg Cu L(-1), whereas PAOs in the sludge at 10d SRT retained half of the ability to take up phosphate. Both the PHAs degradation and synthesis rates decreased with increasing copper concentration, regardless of the SRTs. However, the copper inhibition of the former was greater than that of the later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Pin Tsai
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi-Nan University, Puli 545, Taiwan, ROC.
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35
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Val del Río A, Morales N, Isanta E, Mosquera-Corral A, Campos JL, Steyer JP, Carrère H. Thermal pre-treatment of aerobic granular sludge: impact on anaerobic biodegradability. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:6011-20. [PMID: 21924756 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The aerobic granular systems are a good alternative to the conventional activated sludge (AS) ones to reduce the production of sludge generated in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Although the quantity of produced sludge is low its post-treatment is still necessary. In the present work the application of the anaerobic digestion combined with a thermal pre-treatment was studied to treat two different aerobic granular biomasses: one from a reactor fed with pig manure (G1) and another from a reactor fed with a synthetic medium to simulate an urban wastewater (G2). The results obtained with the untreated aerobic granular biomasses showed that their anaerobic biodegradability (BD) (33% for G1 and 49% for G2) was similar to that obtained for an activated sludge (30-50%) and demonstrate the feasibility of their anaerobic digestion. The thermal pre-treatment before the anaerobic digestion was proposed as a good option to enhance the BD when this was initially low (33% G1) with an enhancement between 20% at 60 °C and 88% at 170 °C with respect to the untreated sludge. However when the initial BD was higher (49% G2) the thermal pre-treatment produced a slight improvement in the methane production (14% and 18%) and at high temperatures (190 and 210 °C) which did not justify the application of such a treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Val del Río
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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36
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Chaudhry V, Nautiyal CS. A high throughput method and culture medium for rapid screening of phosphate accumulating microorganisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:8057-8062. [PMID: 21705216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel PA Medium (PAM) for efficient screening of phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) was developed taking Serratia marcescens NBRI1213 as model organism. The defined National Botanical Research Institute's growth medium (NBRI) supplemented with 0.1% maltose, designed for quantitative estimation of phosphate accumulation was designated as PAM. Our work suggested usage of PAM for efficient qualitative screening and as a microbiological medium for preferential selection of PAOs on Petri-plates. For qualitative screening of PAOs, Toluidine blue-O dye (TBO) was supplemented in PAM, designated as PAM-TBO. Qualitative analysis of phosphate accumulated by various groups correlated well with grouping based upon quantitative analysis of PAOs, effect of carbon, nitrogen, salts, and phosphate accumulation-defective transposon mutants. For significantly increasing sample throughput, efficiency of screening PAOs was further enhanced by adaptation of PAM-TBO assay to microtiter plate based method. It is envisaged that usage of this medium will be salutary for quick screening of PAOs from environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasvi Chaudhry
- Division of Plant Microbe Interactions, National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
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37
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Gebremariam SY, Beutel MW, Christian D, Hess TF. Research advances and challenges in the microbiology of enhanced biological phosphorus removal--a critical review. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2011; 83:195-219. [PMID: 21466069 DOI: 10.2175/106143010x12780288628534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is a well-established technology for removing phosphorus from wastewater. However, the process remains operationally unstable in many systems, primarily because there is a lack of understanding regarding the microbiology of EBPR. This paper presents a review of advances made in the study of EBPR microbiology and focuses on the identification, enrichment, classification, morphology, and metabolic capacity of polyphosphate- and glycogen-accumulating organisms. The paper also highlights knowledge gaps and research challenges in the field of EBPR microbiology. Based on the review, the following recommendations regarding the future direction of EBPR microbial research were developed: (1) shifting from a reductionist approach to a more holistic system-based approach, (2) using a combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques in characterizing microbial composition, (3) integrating ecological principles into system design to enhance stability, and (4) reexamining current theoretical explanations of why and how EBPR occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyoum Yami Gebremariam
- Washington State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pullman, Washington 99164-2910, USA.
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38
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Abstract
‘Candidatus Accumulibacter’ is a biotechnologically important bacterial group that can accumulate large amounts of intracellular polyphosphate, contributing to biological phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment. Since its first molecular identification more than a decade ago, this bacterial group has drawn significant research attention due to its high abundance in many biological phosphorus removal systems. In the past 6 years, our understanding of Accumulibacter microbiology and ecophysiology has advanced rapidly, largely owing to genomic information obtained through shotgun metagenomic sequencing efforts. In this review, we focus on the metabolism, physiology, fine‐scale population structure and ecological distribution of Accumulibacter, aiming to integrate the information learned so far and to present a more complete picture of the microbiology of this important bacterial group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomei He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Wang Y, Ren Z, Jiang F, Geng J, He W, Yang J. Effect of copper ion on the anaerobic and aerobic metabolism of phosphorus-accumulating organisms linked to intracellular storage compounds. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 186:313-319. [PMID: 21112693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2010] [Revised: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The shock load effect of heavy metals (Cu (II)) on the behavior of poly-phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) was investigated with respect to the transformations of poly-P, intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and glycogen. The PAOs biomass was exposed to different concentrations of Cu (II) at various pH and biomass levels. The results showed that when the mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) concentration was 2500-4000 mg/L, the P removal was not adversely affected by spiking with 2 mg Cu(2+)/L; however, it deteriorated completely after a Cu (II) shock concentration of 4 mg/L. Nevertheless, the tolerance of PAOs biomass to Cu (II) shock could be enhanced by increasing the MLSS. Moreover, in the presence of 2 mg Cu(2+)/L, the P removal efficiency was highest at an initial pH of 6.2 and lowest at an initial pH of 6.9, indicating that the Cu inhibitory effect was reduced by increasing the pH to 7.6. The inhibition by Cu (II) was related to the transformation of intracellular storage compounds of PAOs. Specifically, poly-P degradation might be inhibited, which reduced the energy available for PHA production and eventually led to poor P removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China.
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40
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'Candidatus Accumulibacter' gene expression in response to dynamic EBPR conditions. ISME JOURNAL 2010; 5:329-40. [PMID: 20703317 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2010.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) activated sludge communities enriched in 'Candidatus Accumulibacter' relatives are widely used in wastewater treatment, but much remains to be learned about molecular-level controls on the EBPR process. The expression of genes found in the carbon and polyphosphate metabolic pathways in Accumulibacter was investigated using reverse transcription quantitative PCR. During a normal anaerobic/aerobic EBPR cycle, gene expression exhibited a dynamic change in response to external acetate, oxygen, phosphate concentrations and probably internal chemical pools. Anaerobic acetate addition induced expression of genes associated with the methylmalonyl-CoA pathway enabling the split mode of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Components of the full TCA cycle were induced after the switch to aerobic conditions. The induction of a key gene in the glyoxylate shunt pathway was observed under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions, with a higher induction by aeration. Polyphosphate kinase 1 from Accumulibacter was expressed, but did not appear to be regulated by phosphate limitation. To understand how Accumulibacter responds to disturbed electron donor and acceptor conditions, we perturbed the process by adding acetate aerobically. When high concentrations of oxygen were present simultaneously with acetate, phosphate-release was almost completely inhibited, and polyphosphate kinase 1 transcript abundance decreased. Genes associated with the methylmalonyl-CoA pathway were repressed and genes associated with the aerobic TCA cycle exhibited higher expression under this perturbation, suggesting that more acetyl-CoA was metabolized through the TCA cycle. These findings suggest that several genes involved in EBPR are tightly regulated at the transcriptional level.
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41
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PENG Z, PENG Y, GUI L, LIU X. Competition for Single Carbon Source Between Denitrification and Phosphorus Release in Sludge under Anoxic Condition. Chin J Chem Eng 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1004-9541(10)60245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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42
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Freitas F, Temudo MF, Carvalho G, Oehmen A, Reis MAM. Robustness of sludge enriched with short SBR cycles for biological nutrient removal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:1969-1976. [PMID: 19056261 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it is proposed that short sequencing batch reactor (SBR) cycles select and maintain a robust and active biomass, able to cope with typical disturbances occurring in wastewater treatment plants. In order to test this hypothesis, an SBR system was subjected to COD, N and P shock loads. It was shown that the sludge enriched in the SBR operated with short cycles was able to rapidly recover from the tested disturbances. COD and N removal recovered within 1-2 days for shock loads of 10 times the standard concentration. The P removal took up to 2-3 sludge ages to fully recover from the COD spike, but the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) performance was still able to be totally re-established after each of the tests, even in theoretically adverse conditions for the growth of polyphosphate accumulating organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Freitas
- CQFB/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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43
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Vargas M, Casas C, Baeza J. Maintenance of phosphorus removal in an EBPR system under permanent aerobic conditions using propionate. Biochem Eng J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2008.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Choi HJ, Lee SM, Choi CH, Kwon MC, Lee HY. Influence of the wastewater composition on denitrification and biological p-removal in the S-DN-P-process (b) Effect of acetate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2008; 158:151-156. [PMID: 18329170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The effect of acetate was examined during the p-removal and denitrification of wastewater. The plant was operated based on the sequencing-batch-biofilm-reactor (SBBR) process. As microbial media, ca. 9 mm Bio-Flow granules made from polyethylene and polypropylene were used. Three preparations were made to compare the level of biological p-removal and denitrification. In comparison to the batch test, 42 mg/L (AC 30) and 84 mg/L (AC 60) of NaCH(3)COO were mixed with the 500 mL of raw wastewater and the effect of the acetate concentration on the level of p-removal was monitored. All samples were immediately filtered with 0.45 microm membrane filter, and PO(4)-P, NO(3)-N, NO(2)-N and acetate were analyzed using Ion Chromatography, whereas P(total) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were measured by a spectrophotometer. The p-removals for the WW, WW+AC 30 and WW+AC 60 preparations were found to be 9.4, 9.1 and 13.1mg/L, respectively. The WW+AC 30 preparation did not show any significant effect on the p-removal, while p-removal in WW+AC 60 preparation was higher than that in the other two preparations. A comparison of the data revealed the COD: NO(3)-N:AC:P ratio of the WW, WW+AC 30 and WW+AC 60 preparations to be 18.07:2.90:6.87:1, 21.28:2.45:5.98:1 and 15.95:2.75:6.18:1, respectively. The experimental results showed that approximately 7 mg/L of acetate was consumed per 1mg/L of p-removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jeong Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwandong University, Gangnung, Republic of Korea
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45
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Wang DB, Li XM, Yang Q, Zeng GM, Liao DX, Zhang J. Biological phosphorus removal in sequencing batch reactor with single-stage oxic process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:5466-5473. [PMID: 18082396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The performance of biological phosphorus removal (BPR) in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with single-stage oxic process was investigated using simulated municipal wastewater. The experimental results showed that BPR could be achieved in a SBR without anaerobic phase, which was conventionally considered as a key phase for BPR. Phosphorus (P) concentration 0.22-1.79 mg L(-1) in effluent can be obtained after 4h aeration when P concentration in influent was about 15-20 mg L(-1), the dissolved oxygen (DO) was controlled at 3+/-0.2 mg L(-1) during aerobic phase and pH was maintained 7+/-0.1, which indicated the efficiencies of P removal were achieved 90% above. Experimental results also showed that P was mainly stored in the form of intracellular storage of polyphosphate (poly-P), and about 207.235 mg phosphates have been removed by the discharge of rich-phosphorus sludge for each SBR cycle. However, the energy storage poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoates (PHA) was almost kept constant at a low level (5-6 mg L(-1)) during the process. Those results showed that phosphate could be transformed to poly-P with single-stage oxic process without PHA accumulation, and BPR could be realized in net phosphate removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Bo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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46
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Zheng B, Long T. Transformation of phosphorus in intermittent aerated biofilter under aerobic continuous feeding with long backwashing intervals. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2008; 156:267-276. [PMID: 18242830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Revised: 12/09/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A combined fixed-film system composed of anaerobic biofilter, aerobic biofilter, and intermittent aerated biofilter (IABF) is developed for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) treating domestic wastewater. This work presents details on the performance of IABF under aerobic condition, where phosphorus-accumulating organisms are accumulated. Analysis on distribution of phosphorus in both the bulk and the biofilm indicates that the PAOs-rich biofilm is characterized by a high activity, a strong P capacity, and a good adaptability of fluctuations in aerobic continuous loading. An innovative means for P removal slows down accumulation of P in biofilm. As a result, removal of P-rich biomass is no longer a key limitation of EBPR performance in the biofilm system. Long backwashing interval is practicable in IABF under aerobic continuous feeding regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zheng
- Central and Southern China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, Wuhan, PR China.
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47
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The microbiology of phosphorus removal in activated sludge processes-the current state of play. J Microbiol 2008; 46:115-24. [PMID: 18545960 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-008-0051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses critically what we know and would like to know about the microbiology of phosphorus (P) removal in activated sludge systems. In particular, the description of the genome sequences of two strains of the polyphosphate accumulating organism found in these processes, Candidatus 'Accumulibacter phosphatis', allows us to address many of the previously unanswered questions relating to how these processes behave, and to raise new questions about the microbiology of P removal. This article attempts to be deliberately speculative, and inevitably subjective, but hopefully at the same time useful to those who have an active interest in these environmentally very important processes.
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Yan S, Subramanian B, Surampalli RY, Narasiah S, Tyagi RD. Isolation, Characterization, and Identification of Bacteria from Activated Sludge and Soluble Microbial Products in Wastewater Treatment Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1061/(asce)1090-025x(2007)11:4(240)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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49
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Kinetic analysis of anaerobic phosphorus release during biological phosphorus removal process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11783-007-0040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Pijuan M, Guisasola A, Baeza JA, Carrera J, Casas C, Lafuente J. Net P-removal deterioration in enriched PAO sludge subjected to permanent aerobic conditions. J Biotechnol 2005; 123:117-26. [PMID: 16324760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2005] [Revised: 10/05/2005] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, some research in the field of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) has been focused on studying systems where the electron donor (substrate) and the electron acceptor (nitrate or oxygen) are present simultaneously. This can occur, for example, in a full scale wastewater treatment plant during heavy rainfall periods when the anaerobic hydraulic retention time is temporarily shortened. To study this situation that could induce EBPR failure, the operation of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) working under alternating anaerobic-aerobic conditions with an enriched EBPR population (50% Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis and less than 1% Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis) was shifted to strict aerobic operation. Seven cycle studies were performed during the 11 days of aerobic operation. Net P-removal was observed in this aerobic SBR during the first 4 days of operation but the system could not achieve net-P removal after this period, although the microbial composition, in terms of percentage of Accumulibacter and Competibacter, did not change significantly. The observed changes in the different compounds analysed (phosphorus, acetate, glycogen and PHB) as well as in the OUR profile indicate that metabolic changes are produced for the adaptation of PAO to aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Pijuan
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, ETSE, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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