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Zhao X, Lyu G, Meng X, Liu Y, Wang Z, Yoo CG. Novel ternary deep eutectic solvent fractionation for effective utilization of willow. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 407:131148. [PMID: 39047801 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
A novel ternary deep eutectic solvent (TDES), consisting of zinc chloride, ethylene glycol and alpha hydroxy carboxylic acids (i.e., glycolic acid, citric acid and malic acid), was first proposed to effectively fractionate and convert willow (Salix matsudana cv. Zhuliu) into fermentable sugar. In particular, the zinc chloride/ethylene glycol/malic acid (ZnCl2/EG/MA) TDES system showed remarkable fractionation performance with 91.66 % xylan and 90.12 % lignin removals at 130 °C for 1.5 h, resulting in 96.01 % glucose yield in the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis stage. Moreover, the regenerated lignin showed regular nanoparticle morphology and good antioxidant properties. Even after four recycling, the TDES showed 70.16 % of delignification and 83.70 % glucose yield with the TDES pretreated willow. Overall, this study demonstrated an effective solvent fractionation approach to maximize the utilization of total lignocellulose under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Gaojin Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China.
| | - Xia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
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2
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Kozmelj TR, Voinov MA, Grilc M, Smirnov AI, Jasiukaitytė-Grojzdek E, Lucia L, Likozar B. Lignin Structural Characterization and Its Antioxidant Potential: A Comparative Evaluation by EPR, UV-Vis Spectroscopy, and DPPH Assays. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9044. [PMID: 39201730 PMCID: PMC11355014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The natural aromatic polymer lignin and its lignin-like oligomeric fragments have attracted attention for their antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging activities. In this study, a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was employed to assess the antioxidant capacity of fractionated and partially depolymerized organosolv lignin by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results show significant antioxidant activity for both the lignin and oligomeric fragments, with the EPR measurements demonstrating their efficiency in quenching the free radicals. The EPR data were analyzed to derive the kinetic rate constants. The radical scavenging activity (RSA) of lignins was then determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy and the results were compared with the EPR method. This two-method approach improves the reliability and understanding of the antioxidant potential of lignin and its derivatives and provides valuable insights for their potential applications in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, food preservation, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Ročnik Kozmelj
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maxim A. Voinov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (M.A.V.); (A.I.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Miha Grilc
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alex I. Smirnov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (M.A.V.); (A.I.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Edita Jasiukaitytė-Grojzdek
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lucian Lucia
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (M.A.V.); (A.I.S.); (L.L.)
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA
| | - Blaž Likozar
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Zhu J, Liu Q, Wang Y, Zhu K, Guo J, Jin Y, Liu Y. Mangosteen extract reduces the bacterial load of eggshell and improves egg quality. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35857. [PMID: 39170416 PMCID: PMC11337060 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance accelerate the desire for antibiotic alternatives. Plant extracts have emerged as a promising and relatively unexplored area of research as potential substitutes. Herein, we investigated the prevalence and distribution patterns of bacteria on egg surfaces and evaluated the inhibitory effects of mangosteen extract on these surface bacteria. In addition, we examined the antioxidant activity and egg quality in improving the ability of mangosteen extract. The results showed that the predominant bacteria isolated from eggshells were Gram-positive, with Staphylococcus and Micrococcus as the dominant genera. Notably, mangosteen extract exhibited significant bactericidal activity, effectively inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria on the surface of chicken eggshells. Moreover, the supplementation of mangosteen extract in the feed of laying hens yielded a noteworthy improvement in egg quality, accompanied by positively shaped structure and function of microbial communities on the egg surface and in the feces. Collectively, our findings suggested that mangosteen extract was an effective alternative to traditional antibiotics, offering valuable insights for animal husbandry development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiangpeng Guo
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yinji Jin
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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4
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Phan NM, Nguyen TL, Shin H, Trinh TA, Kim J. ROS-Scavenging Lignin-Based Tolerogenic Nanoparticle Vaccine for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24696-24709. [PMID: 38051295 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease, in which the immune system attacks myelin. Although systemic immunosuppressive agents have been used to treat MS, long-term treatment with these drugs causes undesirable side effects such as altered glucose metabolism, insomnia, and hypertension. Herein, we propose a tolerogenic therapeutic vaccine to treat MS based on lignin nanoparticles (LNP) with intrinsic reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging capacity derived from their phenolic moieties. The LNP loaded with autoantigens of MS allowed for inducing tolerogenic DCs with low-level expression of costimulatory molecules while presenting antigenic peptides. Intravenous injection of an LNP-based tolerogenic vaccine into an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model led to durable antigen-specific immune tolerance via inducing regulatory T cells (Tregs). Autoreactive T helper type 1 cells, T helper type 17 cells, and inflammatory antigen presentation cells (APCs) were suppressed in the central nervous system (CNS), ameliorating ongoing MS in early and late disease states. Additionally, the incorporation of dexamethasone into an LNP-based tolerogenic nanovaccine could further improve the recovery of EAE mice in the severe chronic stage. As lignin is the most abundant biomass and waste byproduct in the pulping industry, a lignin-based tolerogenic vaccine could be a novel, cost-effective, high-value vaccine platform with potent therapeutic efficiency in treating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Man Phan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Loc Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Thuy An Trinh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Huang Y, Wang L, Xie J, Chen H, Ou G, Zeng L, Li Y, Li W, Fan H, Zheng J. Exploring the chemical composition, medicinal benefits, and antioxidant activity of Plumula nelumbinis essential oil from different habitats in China. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101829. [PMID: 37961070 PMCID: PMC10638055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plumula nelumbinis, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine known for its calming and nerve-soothing properties, contains essential oil as a primary component. However, research on P. nelumbinis essential oil (PNEO) is limited. This study aimed to investigate PNEO components, network target analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, and antioxidant activity of P. nelumbinis from ten different habitats. GC-MS analysis identified 14 compounds in the essential oil, with CP12 (β-Sitosterol) having the highest concentration. Five compounds were identified for the first time in P. nelumbinis, with three of them reported for the first time in the Nelumbo. Network target analysis revealed 185 potential targets for 11 compounds and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that PNEO was mainly located in the plasma membrane and could regulate a variety of molecular functions. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the essential oil was primarily enriched in pathways related to cancer and the nervous system. PNEO demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with N8 (Fujiannanping) showing the highest ABTS scavenging capacity and N7 (Hunanxiangtan) showing the highest DPPH radical scavenging capacity. Cell experiments showed that CP4, CP5 and CP10 had protective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative damage. The study suggests that P. nelumbinis from different regions may have slightly different pharmacological effects due to the presence of unique compounds, and further research is necessary to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of PNEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Huang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Likang Wang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Juntao Xie
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Haoming Chen
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Guanrong Ou
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Liya Zeng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yexin Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Weizhen Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hongxia Fan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Junxia Zheng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Li K, Zhong W, Li P, Ren J, Jiang K, Wu W. Recent advances in lignin antioxidant: Antioxidant mechanism, evaluation methods, influence factors and various applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:125992. [PMID: 37544567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, a by-product of processing lignocellulosic materials, has a polyphenolic structure and can be used as an antioxidant directly or synergistically with synthetic types of antioxidants, leading to different applications. Its antioxidant mechanism is mainly related to the production of ROS, but the details need to be further investigated. The antioxidant property of lignin is mainly related to the content of phenolic hydroxyl group, but methoxy, purity will also have an effect on it. In addition, different methods to detect the antioxidant properties of lignin have different advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, the antioxidant mechanism of lignin, the methods to determine the antioxidant activity and the progress of its application in various fields are reviewed. In addition, the current research on the antioxidant properties of lignin and the hot directions are provided, and an outlook on the research into the antioxidant properties of lignin is provided to broaden its potential application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongyan Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianpeng Ren
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kangjie Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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7
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Ariyanta HA, Sari FP, Sohail A, Restu WK, Septiyanti M, Aryana N, Fatriasari W, Kumar A. Current roles of lignin for the agroindustry: Applications, challenges, and opportunities. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124523. [PMID: 37080401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Lignin has the potential to be used as an additive, coating agent, fertilizer, plant growth stimulator, and packaging material in the agroindustry due to its functional aromatic structure. The quantitative measurement of functional groups is a significant element of the research for lignin structure since they directly impact their optical, dispersion, and chemical properties. These physical and chemical properties of lignin strongly depend on its type and source and its isolation procedure. Thus, lignin provides numerous opportunities for the circular economy in the agroindustry; however, studying and resolving the challenges associated with its separation, purification, and modification is required. This review discusses the most recent findings on lignin use in agroindustry and historical facts about lignin. The properties of lignin and its roles as coating agents, pesticide carriers, plant growth stimulators, and soil-improving agents have been summarized. The emerging challenges in the field of lignin-based agroindustry are considered, and potential future steps to overcome these challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harits Atika Ariyanta
- Research center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Gunadarma, Depok, Indonesia; Research Collaboration Center of Biomass-Based Nano Cosmetic, in Collaboration with National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
| | - Fahriya Puspita Sari
- Research center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia.
| | - Asma Sohail
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Witta Kartika Restu
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia; Research Collaboration Center of Biomass-Based Nano Cosmetic, in Collaboration with National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
| | - Melati Septiyanti
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia.
| | - Nurhani Aryana
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia.
| | - Widya Fatriasari
- Research center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; Research Collaboration Center of Biomass-Based Nano Cosmetic, in Collaboration with National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, United States.
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Dhara S, Samanta NS, Uppaluri R, Purkait MK. High-purity alkaline lignin extraction from Saccharum ravannae and optimization of lignin recovery through response surface methodology. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123594. [PMID: 36791942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Saccharum ravannae, known as "Ekra" in the Northeast region of India, is an elephant grass species that abundantly grows in the natural habitat of Assam. This study aims to utilize this wild grass species and extract alkaline lignin of high purity through KOH-mediated alkaline hydrothermal pretreatment using the Oil bath process. Lignin recovery was optimized using RSM (response surface methodology) combined with a central composite model. Three process parameters, namely KOH concentration (1-3 %), reaction time (50-200 min), and solid loading (5-15 %), varied to optimize the combined effect of these parameters. RSM predicted a maximum lignin recovery of 15.38 g/100 g of raw biomass at optimum conditions (2.4 % KOH, 6.41 % solid loading, 176.57 min). Three experimental runs were performed at optimum conditions, and 15.81 ± 0.32 g/100 g lignin recovery was obtained, thus verifying the predicted result. Maximum 93.7 % purity of extracted lignin was achieved in a different operating condition (3 % KOH, 10 % solid loading, 125 min). The commercial and extracted alkaline lignin with maximum purity was characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The extracted lignin shows higher phenolic content and more functional groups than commercial lignin and can be used for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simons Dhara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Niladri Shekhar Samanta
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - R Uppaluri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - M K Purkait
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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Rumpf J, Burger R, Schulze M. Statistical evaluation of DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and Folin-Ciocalteu assays to assess the antioxidant capacity of lignins. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123470. [PMID: 36736974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This research studies in detail four different assays, namely DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant potential) and FC (Folin-Ciocalteu), to determine the antioxidant capacity of standard substances as well as 50 organosolv lignins, and two kraft lignins. The coefficient of variation was determined for each method and was lowest for ABTS and highest for DPPH. The best correlation was found for FRAP and FC, which both rely on a single electron transfer mechanism. A good correlation between ABTS, FRAP and FC, respectively, could be observed, even though ABTS relies on a more complex reaction mechanism. The DPPH assay merely correlates with the others, implying that it reflects different antioxidative attributes due to a different reaction mechanism. Lignins obtained from paulownia and silphium have been investigated for the first time regarding their antioxidant capacity. Paulownia lignin is in the same range as beech wood lignin, while silphium lignin resembles wheat straw lignin. Miscanthus lignin is an exception from the grass lignins and possesses a significantly higher antioxidant capacity. All lignins possess a good antioxidant capacity and thus are promising candidates for various applications, e. g. as additives in food packaging or for biomedical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rumpf
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany; Agricultural Faculty, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 174, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - René Burger
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany; Agricultural Faculty, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 174, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
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10
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Cassoni AC, Costa P, Mota I, Vasconcelos MW, Pintado M. Recovery of lignins with antioxidant activity from Brewer’s spent grain and olive tree pruning using deep eutectic solvents. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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11
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Sogut E, Seydim AC. Utilization of chestnut shell lignin in alginate films. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:1049-1058. [PMID: 35043985 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic structures obtained from agricultural wastes can re-design sustainable packaging materials. The present study investigated the utilization of lignocellulose (LS), alkali lignin (L) and hydroxymethylated (modified) lignin (ML), separated from chestnut shells in alginate (AL) films at 100 and 200 mg g-1 (10% and 20%, w/w based on AL), as reinforcing agents. Lignin modification and concentration effects on the AL films were characterized by water vapor permeability (WVP), as well as morphological, mechanical, optical, thermal and active properties. RESULTS Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that extracted L and LS had different structures, and the modification of L resulted in a peak shift and a decrease in peak intensities between 1250 and 800 cm-1 . The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity tests showed that films containing L had higher activity values (P < 0.05). WVP of the films containing ML was the lowest (P < 0.05) and the results revealed that 20% (w/w) concentration had an adverse effect on the WVP of films. The addition of L, LS and ML increased the tensile strength, elastic modulus and thermal properties (P < 0.05) compared to AL control films. With an increasing concentration, films containing L-based structures showed higher opacity and relatively lower L* values (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results show that the addition of lignin to biopolymers is a promising method for improving the properties of biopolymers and providing functional attributes. LS had no or little effect on the film properties; however, the modification of L had the advantage of enhancing WVP and thermal properties at the same time as showing a decrease in functional properties compared to L. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Sogut
- Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Atif Can Seydim
- Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Isparta, Turkey
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Kim B, Kim Y, Lee Y, Oh J, Jung Y, Koh WG, Chung JJ. Reactive Oxygen Species Suppressive Kraft Lignin-Gelatin Antioxidant Hydrogels for Chronic Wound Repair. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200234. [PMID: 36067493 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wound is difficult to repair because the normal wound healing mechanism is inhibited by the continuous inflammatory response. The delayed inflammatory responses generate high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the wound sites, which leads to a longer inflammatory phase and induces a vicious cycle that interferes with the normal wound healing process. Therefore, ROS scavenging is an important factor for chronic wound healing. In this study, antioxidant hydrogel is developed by cross-linking kraft lignin, an antioxidant agent, and gelatin (Klig-Gel). Klig-Gel hydrogel is fabricated via ring opening reaction with epichlorohydrin as a cross-linker. High ROS scavenging activities are confirmed by various antioxidant evaluations, and in vitro natural antioxidant expression tests show reduction of oxidative stress. Mechanical properties of Klig-Gel hydrogel are tailorable by introducing different amount of kraft lignin to the hydrogel system. Biocompatibility is confirmed regardless of the kraft lignin content. Klig-Gel hydrogel is a promising ROS scavenging material that can be applied in various chronic wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byulhana Kim
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kim
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Program in Nanoscience and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonho Lee
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Joomin Oh
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, YU-KIST, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Justin J Chung
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
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13
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Esakkimuthu ES, DeVallance D, Pylypchuk I, Moreno A, Sipponen MH. Multifunctional lignin-poly (lactic acid) biocomposites for packaging applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1025076. [PMID: 36263360 PMCID: PMC9574040 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1025076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is the most abundant aromatic biopolymer with many promising features but also shortcomings as a filler in polymer blends. The main objective of this work was to improve the processability and compatibility of lignin with poly (lactic acid) (PLA) through etherification of lignin. Commercial kraft lignin (KL) and oxypropylated kraft lignin (OPKL) were blended with PLA at different weight percentages (1, 5, 10, 20, and 40%) followed by injection molding. Low lignin contents between 1 and 10% generally had a favorable impact on mechanical strength and moduli as well as functional properties of the PLA-based composites. Unmodified lignin with free phenolic hydroxyl groups rendered the composites with antioxidant activity, as measured by radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation tests. Incorporating 5–10% of KL or OPKL improved the thermal stability of the composites within the 300–350°C region. DSC analysis showed that the glass transition temperature values were systematically decreased upon addition of KL and OPKL into PLA polymer. However, low lignin contents of 1 and 5% decreased the cold crystallization temperature of PLA. The composites of KL and OPKL with PLA exhibited good stabilities in the migration test, with values of 17 mg kg−1 and 23 mg kg−1 even at higher lignin content 40%, i.e., well below the limit defined in a European standard (60 mg kg−1). These results suggest oxypropylated lignin as a functional filler in PLA for safe and functional food packaging and antioxidant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David DeVallance
- InnoRenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences, and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Ievgen Pylypchuk
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adrian Moreno
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mika H Sipponen
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Cassoni AC, Costa P, Vasconcelos MW, Pintado M. Systematic review on lignin valorization in the agro-food system: From sources to applications. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115258. [PMID: 35751227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant renewable resource on earth and currently most of this biomass is considered a low-value waste. Specifically, lignin is an underrated bioresource that is mostly burned for energy production and few value-added products have been created. Since the agro-food industry produces large amounts of wastes that can be potential sources of high-quality lignin, scientific efforts should be directed to this industry. Thus, this review provides a systematic overview of the trends and evolution of research on agro-food system-derived lignin (from 2010 to 2020), including the extraction of lignin from various agro-food sources and emergent applications of lignin in the agro-food chain. Crops with the highest average production/year (n = 26) were selected as potential lignin sources. The extraction process efficiency (yield) and lignin purity were used as indicators of the raw material potential. Overall, it is notable that research interest on agro-food lignin has increased exponentially over the years, both as source (567%) and application (128%). Wheat, sugarcane, and maize are the most studied sources and are the ones that render the highest lignin yields. As for the extraction methods used, alkaline and organosolv methods are the most employed (∼50%). The main reported applications are related to lignin incorporation in polymers (∼55%) and as antioxidant (∼24%). Studies on agro-food system-derived lignin is of most importance since there are numerous possible sources that are yet to be fully valorized and many promising applications that need to be further developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Cassoni
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Costa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta W Vasconcelos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal.
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15
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Ng SW, Chong WT, Soo YT, Tang TK, Ab Karim NA, Phuah ET, Lee YY. Pickering emulsion stabilized by palm-pressed fiber cellulose nanocrystal extracted by acid hydrolysis-assisted high pressure homogenization. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271512. [PMID: 36044467 PMCID: PMC9432738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Palm pressed fibre (PPF) is a lignocellulose biomass generated from palm oil mill that is rich in cellulose. The present work aimed to combine acid hydrolysis followed by high-pressure homogenisation (HPH) to produce nanocrystal cellulose (CNC) with enhanced physicochemical properties from PPF. PPF was alkaline treated, bleached, acid hydrolysed and homogenised under high pressure condition to prepare CNC. The effects of homogenisation pressure (10, 30, 50, 70 MPa) and cycles (1, 3, 5, 7) on the particle size, zeta potential and rheological properties of CNC produced were investigated. HPH was capable of producing CNC with better stability. Results revealed that utilizing 1 cycle of homogenisation at a pressure of 50 MPa resulted in CNC with the smallest dimension, highest aspect ratio, moderate viscosity and exceptionally high zeta potential. Subsequently, 0.15% (CNC 0.15 -PE) and 0.30% (CNC 0.30 -PE) of CNC was used to stabilise oil-in-water emulsions and their stability was evaluated against different pH, temperature and ionic strength. All the CNC-stabilised emulsions demonstrated good thermal stability. CNC 0.30 -PE exhibited larger droplets but higher stability than CNC 0.15 -PE. In short, CNC with gel like structure has a promising potential to serve as a natural Pickering emulsifier to stabilise oil-in-water emulsion in various food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wan Ng
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wai-Ting Chong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Theng Soo
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teck-Kim Tang
- School of Food Studies and Gastronomy, Taylor University Lakeside Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Eng-Tong Phuah
- Food Science and Technology, School of Applied Sciences and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Yee-Ying Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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16
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Effect of alkaline and deep eutectic solvents pretreatments on the recovery of lignin with antioxidant activity from grape stalks. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:406-414. [PMID: 35931297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Grape stalks are lignocellulosic residues that can be valorized through the extraction of lignin - an underutilized biopolymer with high potential. Two lignin extraction methods, alkaline and deep eutectic solvents (DES), were studied, and experimental designs were carried out to obtain the best extraction conditions. The defined parameters for alkaline extraction allowed the recovery of ~48 % of lignin with low purity that was further improved with an autohydrolysis pretreatment (~79 % purity; ~32 % yield). Optimum parameters of DES method rendered high purity lignin (~90 %) without the need of a pretreatment and with a better yield (50.2 % (±2.3)) than the alkaline method. Both lignin fractions presented high antioxidant activities, being close to the antioxidant capacity of BHT for DPPH scavenging. Structural analysis proved the presence of lignin in both alkaline and DES samples with similar morphology. Overall, DES method was more efficient in the extraction of lignin from grape stalks besides its greener and sustainable nature. This work is uses DES to extract lignin from this biomass while comparing it with a commonly classical method, proving that grape stalks can be used to extract lignin with a sustainable and efficient method rendering a final ingredient with value-added properties.
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17
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Morales A, Labidi J, Gullón P. Integral valorisation of walnut shells based on a three-step sequential delignification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 310:114730. [PMID: 35202949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Walnut kernels represent no more than 50-60% of the total weight of the fruit, so the sum of walnut shells generated every year is immense. Nonetheless, these shells could be further valorised for the extraction of their main constituents following a biorefinery scheme. Hence, the objective of this work was an integral valorisation of walnut shells, which involved a sequential organosolv delignification (200 °C, 90 min, 70/30 v/v EtOH/H2O, LSR 6:1) and several posterior non-isothermal hydrothermal treatments (180, 195 and 210 °C, LSR 8:1). Moreover, the spent solids after the aforementioned treatments were evaluated as possible sources of cellulose nanocrystals. The results showed that the sequential organosolv delignifications presented relative lignin yields up to 60%, which leaded to lignins that just differed on their molecular weight distributions. The hydrothermal treatments were efficient for the removal of still present hemicelluloses (14.7-71.8%), and permitted a successful cellulose nanocrystal obtaining whereas the spent solid from the delignification stages did not. Thus, this study presented an innovative strategy for the integral valorisation of walnut shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Morales
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa 1, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jalel Labidi
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa 1, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Patricia Gullón
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32004, Ourense, Spain
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18
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You S, Xie Y, Zhuang X, Chen H, Qin Y, Cao J, Lan T. Effect of high antioxidant activity on bacteriostasis of lignin from sugarcane bagasse. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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19
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Trujillo-Reyes Á, Sinisgalli É, Cubero-Cardoso J, Pérez AG, Serrano A, Borja R, Fermoso FG. Assessment of different mechanical treatments for improving the anaerobic biodegradability of residual raspberry extrudate. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 139:190-198. [PMID: 34974313 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical treatments can be simple and feasible methods for enhancing the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic substrates. This work aims to relate the direct effect of five different mechanical treatments, i.e., variation in the size and number of particles, with the variations in the chemical composition and, subsequently, the effect over the anaerobic digestion of residual raspberry extrudate, which was used as a model substrate. A high variation in the number of particles and the particle size distribution was achieved depending on the mechanical treatment applied, reaching the highest number of particles for the treatments with knife mills and mortar (around 8000 particles per gram). The higher number of particles was related to higher solubilisation, including phenolic compounds and sugars. The combination of knife mills and mortar pretreatment, which presented the highest number of particles, resulted in a 66% more of polyphenols in comparison to the raw substrate. However, the presence of anthocyanins was higher in mechanical treatments with less effect. The enhancement of the anaerobic digestion was clearly related to the increment in the number of particles of small size after the mechanical treatments. The highest methane yield coefficient (236 ± 11 mL CH4/g volatile solids) was achieved for the raspberry extrudate treated with knife mills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángeles Trujillo-Reyes
- Instituto de la Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide- Ed. 46, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Érika Sinisgalli
- Instituto de la Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide- Ed. 46, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Juan Cubero-Cardoso
- Instituto de la Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide- Ed. 46, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Ana G Pérez
- Instituto de la Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide- Ed. 46, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Antonio Serrano
- Instituto de la Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide- Ed. 46, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, Seville 41013, Spain.
| | - Rafael Borja
- Instituto de la Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide- Ed. 46, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Fernando G Fermoso
- Instituto de la Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide- Ed. 46, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, Seville 41013, Spain
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20
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Flow-through strategy to fractionate lignin from eucalyptus with formic acid/hydrochloric solution under mild conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:364-372. [PMID: 35149095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Formic acid is an attractive solvent for the fractionation of lignocellulose for the production of biomaterials and chemicals, while the operation conducted in a batch manner is not conducive to mass transfer in separation process. In this research, eucalyptus was fractionated with formic acid/hydrochloric solution in a flow-through reactor at 95 °C, and the structural characteristics and the composition of fractionated lignin in different stages were investigated. Results showed that the fractionation efficiency was notably improved with a flow-through reactor, as evidenced by the low solid residue yield of 49.5% and the lignin removal rate of 79.4% as compared to the batch manner. During the fractionation process, the dissolution rate of lignin decreased gradually, and the obtained lignin samples showed low molecular weight (<3000), good uniformity (<2), and high thermal stability. The structure analysis showed that β-O-4, β-β, and β-5 linkages in lignin were degraded to varying degrees with increased time, and the degradation of G units was more severe than S ones.
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21
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Organosolv Lignin from European Tree Bark: Influence of Bark Pretreatment. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247774. [PMID: 34947367 PMCID: PMC8703965 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As lignin is becoming more and more attractive to industry and the circular economy continues to grow, the utilization of a byproduct that, to date, has been underrated by the wood industry is investigated as an abundantly available source of lignin. Bark from spruce, larch and beech tress is extracted using the organosolv process with and without prior hot water extraction. The influence of the treatment on chemical properties of the lignin was determined by spectrophotometric, chromatographic, and vibrational spectroscopy. It was found that hot water extraction prior to organosolv extraction influences the chemical composition, antioxidative properties and molecular weight distribution of the obtained extracts. While hot water extracts are rich in flavonoids, organosolv fractions can contain high amounts of organic acids depending on whether they are from a hardwood or softwood source. This investigation lays the foundation for further research into the utilization of byproducts to generate high-value resources.
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22
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23
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Xiong Q, Qiao J, Wang M, Li S, Li X. Carboxylated and quaternized lignin enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose treated by p-toluenesulfonic acid due to improving enzyme activity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125465. [PMID: 34320745 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Modificated lignins can affect enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency (EHE) because of changing physicochemical properties of lignin. In this study, carboxylated and quaternized lignin (CQL) and hydroxymethylated lignin (HML) were prepared to explore the effect of lignin modification on cellulase adsorption and EHE of p-toluenesulfonic acid treated corn stover (PCS). The results showed that CQL enhanced EHE of PCS due to the higher β-glucosidase (β-GL) activity, resulting from the formation of CQL-β-GL complexes with a lower binding free energy and the improvement of β-GL conformation made by the binding of CQL and β-GL. However, the drop in EHE due to the addition of HML was consequent on β-GL deactivation that was because the binding site of HML and β-GL overlapped with the carbohydrate binding domain of β-GL, causing the decrease in β-GL activity compared with CQL. This study would help deeply elucidate the effect of modified lignins on EHE and cellulase adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xiong
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; SDIC Biotech Investment Co., Ltd., Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210097, China.
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24
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Nivedha M, Manisha M, Gopinath M, Baskar G, Tamilarasan K. Fractionation, characterization, and economic evaluation of alkali lignin from saw industry waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 335:125260. [PMID: 34015566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present work was focused on the investigation of lignin isolation from saw industry biomass (sawdust (SD)) using alkali solution, and to perform economic analysis for 2000 kg/batch hypothetical plant using techno-economic analysis. The isolated lignin was fractionated using organic solvent to obtain purified lignin. FTIR and 1H NMR analysis were performed to examine the structural characteristics of lignin. Lignin nanoparticles (LN) showed higher total phenolic content (TPC) (244.1 ± 2 µg of GAE per mg) and antioxidant activity (63.2 ± 1.7%) compared with crude lignin (CL), ethanol fractionated lignin (EL), and acetone fractionated lignin (AL). SuperPro designer was exposed to design and simulated 2000 kg/batch of sawdust fractionation process. The techno-economic analysis estimated that the lignin production cost is about $ 487,000 per year, and the annual revenue could be $ 1,850,000 per year. The techno-economic analysis and sensitivity analysis could be useful for the industrial level sawdust fractionation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Nivedha
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai-600 062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhusudhanan Manisha
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai-600 062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Margavelu Gopinath
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai-600 062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gurunathan Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, St.Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai-600119, Tamil Nadu, India
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25
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de Haro JC, Tatsi E, Fagiolari L, Bonomo M, Barolo C, Turri S, Bella F, Griffini G. Lignin-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Sustainable Aqueous Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2021; 9:8550-8560. [PMID: 34239783 PMCID: PMC8243320 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the quest for sustainable materials for quasi-solid-state (QS) electrolytes in aqueous dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), novel bioderived polymeric membranes were prepared in this work by reaction of preoxidized kraft lignin with poly(ethylene glycol)diglycidylether (PEGDGE). The effect of the PEGDGE/lignin relative proportions on the characteristics of the obtained membranes was thoroughly investigated, and clear structure-property correlations were highlighted. In particular, the glass transition temperature of the materials was found to decrease by increasing the amount of PEGDGE in the formulation, indicating that polyethylene glycol chains act as flexible segments that increase the molecular mobility of the three-dimensional polymeric network. Concurrently, their swelling ability in liquid electrolyte was found to increase with the concentration of PEGDGE, which was also shown to influence the ionic transport efficiency within the membrane. The incorporation of these lignin-based cross-linked systems as QS electrolyte frameworks in aqueous DSSCs allowed the preparation of devices with excellent long-term stability under UV-vis light, which were found to be superior to benchmark QS-DSSCs incorporating state-of-the-art carboxymethylcellulose membranes. This study provides the first demonstration of lignin-based QS electrolytes for stable aqueous DSSCs, establishing a straightforward strategy to exploit the potential of lignin as a functional polymer precursor for the field of sustainable photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos de Haro
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisavet Tatsi
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Fagiolari
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonomo
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Claudia Barolo
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- ICxT
Interdepartmental Centre, Università
degli Studi di Torino, Via Lungo Dora Siena 100, 10153 Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Turri
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- National
Interuniversity Consortium of Material Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Federico Bella
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
- National
Interuniversity Consortium of Material Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Griffini
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- National
Interuniversity Consortium of Material Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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26
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Thá EL, Matos M, Avelino F, Lomonaco D, Rodrigues-Souza I, Gagosian VSC, Cestari MM, Magalhães WLE, Leme DM. Safety aspects of kraft lignin fractions: Discussions on the in chemico antioxidant activity and the induction of oxidative stress on a cell-based in vitro model. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:977-986. [PMID: 33887289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is a complex phenolic biopolymer present in plant cell walls and a by-product of the cellulose pulping industry. Lignin has functional properties, such as antioxidant activity, that make it a potential natural active ingredient for health-care products. However, not all safety aspects of lignin fractions have been adequately investigated. Herein, we evaluated the antioxidant and genotoxic potential of two hardwood kraft lignins (F3 and F5). The chemical characterization of F3 and F5 demonstrated their thermal stability and the presence of different phenolic units, while the DPPH assay confirmed the antioxidant activity of these lignin fractions. Despite being antioxidants in the DPPH assay, F3 and F5 were capable of generating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequently causing oxidative DNA damage (Comet assay) in HepG2 cells. The biological relevance of the DPPH assay might be uncertain in some cases; therefore, we suggest combining in chemico tests with biological system-based tests to determine efficacy and safety levels of lignins and define appropriate applications of lignins for consumer products. Moreover, kraft lignins obtained by acid precipitation may pose risks to human health; however, as genotoxicity is not the sole endpoint of toxicity required in hazard assessments, additional toxicological evaluations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanoela Lundgren Thá
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mailson Matos
- Graduate Program in Engineering and Materials Science (PIPE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Francisco Avelino
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará (IFCE), Iguatu, CE, Brazil
| | - Diego Lomonaco
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry - Federal University of Ceará (UFCE), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Isisdoris Rodrigues-Souza
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Washington Luiz Esteves Magalhães
- Graduate Program in Engineering and Materials Science (PIPE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Embrapa Florestas, Colombo, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Morais Leme
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Piccinino D, Capecchi E, Tomaino E, Gabellone S, Gigli V, Avitabile D, Saladino R. Nano-Structured Lignin as Green Antioxidant and UV Shielding Ingredient for Sunscreen Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:274. [PMID: 33578879 PMCID: PMC7916605 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Green, biocompatible, and biodegradable antioxidants represent a milestone in cosmetic and cosmeceutical applications. Lignin is the most abundant polyphenol in nature, recovered as a low-cost waste from the pulp and paper industry and biorefinery. This polymer is characterized by beneficial physical and chemical properties which are improved at the nanoscale level due to the emergence of antioxidant and UV shielding activities. Here we review the use of lignin nanoparticles in cosmetic and cosmeceutical applications, focusing on sunscreen and antiaging formulations. Advances in the technology for the preparation of lignin nanoparticles are described highlighting structure activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Piccinino
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
| | - Eliana Capecchi
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
| | - Elisabetta Tomaino
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
| | - Sofia Gabellone
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
| | - Valeria Gigli
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
| | - Daniele Avitabile
- IDI Farmaceutici, Via dei Castelli Romani 73/75, 00071 Pomezia, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
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28
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Xu J, Xu JJ, Lin Q, Jiang L, Zhang D, Li Z, Ma B, Zhang C, Li L, Kai D, Yu HD, Loh XJ. Lignin-Incorporated Nanogel Serving As an Antioxidant Biomaterial for Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3-13. [PMID: 35014273 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation is an important biological process in the body to produce energy, during which oxygen free radicals are generated as byproduct. Excessive oxygen free radicals cause cell death and reduce the rate of tissue regeneration and healing in a wound. Lignin is a natural antioxidant derived from plants, but its biomedical application is restricted because of the uncertain biocompatibility. In this work, we developed a lignin-incorporated nanogel and explored its application for wound healing. Lignin was extracted from coconut husks and determined to have strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 25.7 ppm). Various amounts of lignin were incorporated into thermoresponsive nanogels, which were produced from polyurethane copolymers of polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). It was shown that the addition of lignin had minimal effects on the gelation and rheological properties of the nanogel but slightly increased the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of poly(PEG/PPG/PDMS urethane) copolymer from 3.38 × 10-4 g mL-1 to 4.61 × 10-4 g mL-1. The lignin-incorporated nanogels did not display detectable cytotoxicity. The lignin-incorporated nanogel possessed antioxidant activity, as it reduced the active oxygen level, protecting the LO2 cells from apoptosis caused by oxidative stress. More importantly, in vivo studies demonstrated that the lignin-incorporated nanogels accelerated the healing of burn wounds in mice as proved by the increased expression of Ki67, one marker of cell proliferation. The present work demonstrates that lignin-incorporated nanogel could serve as an antioxidant wound-dressing material and facilitate the wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Jia Jia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Qianyu Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634
| | - Lu Jiang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634
| | - Duoteng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634
| | - Bo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Dan Kai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634
| | - Hai-Dong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China.,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634
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Afewerki S, Wang X, Ruiz-Esparza GU, Tai CW, Kong X, Zhou S, Welch K, Huang P, Bengtsson R, Xu C, Strømme M. Combined Catalysis for Engineering Bioinspired, Lignin-Based, Long-Lasting, Adhesive, Self-Mending, Antimicrobial Hydrogels. ACS NANO 2020; 14:17004-17017. [PMID: 33306909 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of multifunctional biomaterials using a facile sustainable methodology that follows the principles of green chemistry is still largely unexplored but would be very beneficial to the world. Here, the employment of catalytic reactions in combination with biomass-derived starting materials in the design of biomaterials would promote the development of eco-friendly technologies and sustainable materials. Herein, we disclose the combination of two catalytic cycles (combined catalysis) comprising oxidative decarboxylation and quinone-catechol redox catalysis for engineering lignin-based multifunctional antimicrobial hydrogels. The bioinspired design mimics the catechol chemistry employed by marine mussels in nature. The resultant multifunctional sustainable hydrogels (1) are robust and elastic, (2) have strong antimicrobial activity, (3) are adhesive to skin tissue and various other surfaces, and (4) are able to self-mend. A systematic characterization was carried out to fully elucidate and understand the facile and efficient catalytic strategy and the subsequent multifunctional materials. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis confirmed the long-lasting quinone-catechol redox environment within the hydrogel system. Initial in vitro biocompatibility studies demonstrated the low toxicity of the hydrogels. This proof-of-concept strategy could be developed into an important technological platform for the eco-friendly, bioinspired design of other multifunctional hydrogels and their use in various biomedical and flexible electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Afewerki
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xichi Wang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Guillermo U Ruiz-Esparza
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cheuk-Wai Tai
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xueying Kong
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shengyang Zhou
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ken Welch
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rhodel Bengtsson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Mechanics, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chao Xu
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Strømme
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
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30
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Liao JJ, Latif NHA, Trache D, Brosse N, Hussin MH. Current advancement on the isolation, characterization and application of lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:985-1024. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lignocellulosic Biomass Mild Alkaline Fractionation and Resulting Extract Purification Processes: Conditions, Yields, and Purities. CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cleantechnol2010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fractionation of lignocellulose is a fundamental step in the valorization of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin to produce various sustainable fuels, materials and chemicals. Strong alkaline fractionation is one of the most applied processes since the paper industry has been using it for more than a century, and the mineral acid fractionation process is currently the most applied for the production of cellulosic ethanol. However, in the last decade, mild alkaline fractionation has been becoming increasingly widespread in the frame of cellulosic ethanol biorefineries. It leads to the solubilization of hemicelluloses and lignin at various extent depending on the conditions of the extraction, whereas the cellulose remains insoluble. Some studies showed that the cellulose saccharification and fermentation into ethanol gave higher yields than the mineral acid fractionation process. Besides, contrary to the acid fractionation process, the mild alkaline fractionation process does not hydrolyze the sugar polymers, which can be of interest for different applications. Lignocellulosic mild alkaline extracts contain hemicelluloses, lignin oligomers, phenolic monomers, acetic acid, and inorganic salts. In order to optimize the economic efficiency of the biorefineries using a mild alkaline fractionation process, the purification of the alkaline extract to valorize its different components is of major importance. This review details the conditions used for the mild alkaline fractionation process and the purification techniques that have been carried out on the obtained hydrolysates, with a focus on the yields and purities of the different compounds.
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32
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Fractionation and characterization of lignin from waste rice straw: Biomass surface chemical composition analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 145:795-803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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A first report on competitive inhibition of laccase enzyme by lignin degradation intermediates. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 65:431-437. [PMID: 31863277 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Laccases have been widely explored for their ligninolytic capability in bioethanol production and bioremediation of industrial effluents. However, low reaction rates have posed a major challenge to commercialization of such processes. This study reports the first evidence of laccase inhibition by two types of lignin degradation intermediates - fungal-solubilized lignin and alkali-treated lignin - thus offering a highly plausible explanation for low reaction rates due to buildup of inhibitors during the actual process. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of similar polar compounds in both lignin samples. A detailed kinetic study on laccase, using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) as the substrate, was used to calculate the Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum reaction rate (Vmax). With an increase in the concentration of lignin degradation intermediates, Vmax remained nearly constant, while Km increased from 1.3 to 4.0 times that of pure laccase, revealing that the inhibition was competitive in nature. The kinetic studies reported here and the insight gained into the nature of inhibition can help design process strategies to mitigate this effect and improve overall process efficiency. This work is applicable to processes that employ laccase for delignification of biomass, such as second-generation biofuels processes, as well as for industrial effluent treatment in paper and pulp industries.
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Evaluation of the Compatibility of Organosolv Lignin-Graphene Nanoplatelets with Photo-Curable Polyurethane in Stereolithography 3D Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101544. [PMID: 31547544 PMCID: PMC6835297 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, lignin has been extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers via an organosolv process. The organosolv lignin obtained was defined by the presence of hydroxyl-containing molecules, such as guaiacyl and syringyl, and by the presence of phenolic molecules in lignin. Subsequently, the extracted organosolv lignin and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were utilized as filler and reinforcement in photo-curable polyurethane (PU), which is used in stereolithography 3D printing. The compatibility as well as the characteristic and structural changes of the composite were identified through the mechanical properties of the 3D-printed composites. Furthermore, the tensile strength of the composited lignin and graphene shows significant improvement as high as 27%. The hardness of the photo-curable PU composites measured by nanoindentation exhibited an enormous improvement for 0.6% of lignin-graphene at 92.49 MPa with 238% increment when compared with unmodified PU.
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Tanase-Opedal M, Espinosa E, Rodríguez A, Chinga-Carrasco G. Lignin: A Biopolymer from Forestry Biomass for Biocomposites and 3D Printing. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12183006. [PMID: 31527542 PMCID: PMC6766274 DOI: 10.3390/ma12183006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biopolymers from forestry biomass are promising for the sustainable development of new biobased materials. As such, lignin and fiber-based biocomposites are plausible renewable alternatives to petrochemical-based products. In this study, we have obtained lignin from Spruce biomass through a soda pulping process. The lignin was used for manufacturing biocomposite filaments containing 20% and 40% lignin and using polylactic acid (PLA) as matrix material. Dogbones for mechanical testing were 3D printed by fused deposition modelling. The lignin and the corresponding biocomposites were characterized in detail, including thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), antioxidant capacity, mechanical properties, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Although lignin led to a reduction of the tensile strength and modulus, the reduction could be counteracted to some extent by adjusting the 3D printing temperature. The results showed that lignin acted as a nucleating agent and thus led to further crystallization of PLA. The radical scavenging activity of the biocomposites increased to roughly 50% antioxidant potential/cm2, for the biocomposite containing 40 wt % lignin. The results demonstrate the potential of lignin as a component in biocomposite materials, which we show are adequate for 3D printing operations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Espinosa
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Córdoba, Building Marie-Curie, 14014 Campus de Rabanales, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Córdoba, Building Marie-Curie, 14014 Campus de Rabanales, Spain.
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36
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Espinosa E, Bascón-Villegas I, Rosal A, Pérez-Rodríguez F, Chinga-Carrasco G, Rodríguez A. PVA/(ligno)nanocellulose biocomposite films. Effect of residual lignin content on structural, mechanical, barrier and antioxidant properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:197-206. [PMID: 31479671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses with and without residual lignin were isolated from wheat straw. In addition, the effect of TEMPO-mediated oxidation on the production of lignin-containing nanocellulose was studied. The different nanocelluloses were used as reinforcing agent in Poly(vinyl alcohol) films. The morphology, crystallinity, surface microstructure, barrier properties, light transmittance, mechanical and antioxidant properties were evaluated. The translucency of films was reduced by the addition of nanocellulose, however, the ability to block UV-light increased from 10% for PVA to >50% using lignin-containing nanocellulose, and 30% for lignin-free samples. The mechanical properties increased considerably, however, for loads higher than 5% a negative trend was observed presumptively due to a clustering of nanocellulose components in PVA matrix. The barrier properties of the films were improved with the use of nanocellulose, especially at small amounts (1-3%). The antioxidant capacity of films was increased up to 10% using lignin-containing nanocellulose compared to 4.7% using PVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Espinosa
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Science, University of Córdoba, Córdoba 14014, Spain.
| | - Isabel Bascón-Villegas
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Science, University of Córdoba, Córdoba 14014, Spain
| | - Antonio Rosal
- Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering Department, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Rodríguez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Science, University of Córdoba, Córdoba 14014, Spain
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37
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Rincón E, Serrano L, Balu AM, Aguilar JJ, Luque R, García A. Effect of Bay Leaves Essential Oil Concentration on the Properties of Biodegradable Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Edible Films. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12152356. [PMID: 31344962 PMCID: PMC6695984 DOI: 10.3390/ma12152356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Films containing bay leaves essential oils (BEOs) were prepared and evaluated for edible packaging applications. The BEOs were extracted by the Soxhlet method, using ethanol or methanol as organic solvent. Then, films were prepared by “solvent casting” technique using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), with different concentrations for the as-obtained BEOs (from 1% to 30% wt.). The resulting films were characterized to evaluate their physical (thickness, moisture content, water solubility and water vapor permeability), optical (transparency and UV-light barrier), mechanical (tensile strength and elongation at break), antioxidant and antimicrobiological properties Attractive films were obtained for food active packaging applications, as they presented a high antioxidant activity (up to 99%) and total phenolic content, and good barrier properties against water vapor (50% improved of CMC) in the case of CMC-film containing 15% wt. ethanolic extract. Related to optical properties, UV-light barrier effect was increased (almost 100% of protection) avoiding typical lipids oxidation in food systems. High water solubility (93%) was also found, ensuring also their biodegradability. Moreover, it was demonstrated that developed films inhibit microorganisms’ growth (Escherichia coli and Candida glabrata), this avoiding an early food oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Rincón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), CTRA. Nnal. IV-A, Km 396, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Serrano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), CTRA. Nnal. IV-A, Km 396, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alina M Balu
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), CTRA. Nnal. IV-A, Km 396, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José J Aguilar
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa (C-6), CTRA. Nnal. IV-A, Km 396, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), CTRA. Nnal. IV-A, Km 396, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain.
- Scientific Center for Molecular Design and Synthesis of Innovative Compounds for the Medical Industry, People's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya str., 117198 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Araceli García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), CTRA. Nnal. IV-A, Km 396, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain.
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Castro RC, Ferreira IS, Roberto IC, Mussatto SI. Isolation and physicochemical characterization of different lignin streams generated during the second-generation ethanol production process. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:497-510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Oriez V, Peydecastaing J, Pontalier PY. Separation of sugarcane bagasse mild alkaline extract components by ultrafiltration – Membrane screening and effect of filtration parameters. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Polysaccharides extracted from natural sources can be used as starting material for the preparation of nanoparticle supported composites. A novel family of bio-nanocomposites was mechanochemically synthesized by using niobium oxide and enzymatically produced polysaccharides. The structural, textural and surface properties of nanomaterials, were determined by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption (N₂ porosimetry), pulse chromatography, infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Selective oxidation of isoeugenol to vanillin was carried out to demonstrate the catalytic activity of the Nb-polysaccharides nanocomposites. Interestingly, most of our material showed high conversion of isoeugenol (60–70%) with selectivity to vanillin over 40%. The optimum conversion and selectivity were achieved with a reaction time between 8 and 24 h.
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Alzagameem A, Khaldi-Hansen BE, Büchner D, Larkins M, Kamm B, Witzleben S, Schulze M. Lignocellulosic Biomass as Source for Lignin-Based Environmentally Benign Antioxidants. Molecules 2018; 23:E2664. [PMID: 30332854 PMCID: PMC6222817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant activity is an essential aspect of oxygen-sensitive merchandise and goods, such as food and corresponding packaging, cosmetics, and biomedicine. Technical lignin has not yet been applied as a natural antioxidant, mainly due to the complex heterogeneous structure and polydispersity of lignin. This report presents antioxidant capacity studies completed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The influence of purification on lignin structure and activity was investigated. The purification procedure showed that double-fold selective extraction is the most efficient (confirmed by ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and X-ray diffraction), resulting in fractions of very narrow polydispersity (3.2⁻1.6), up to four distinct absorption bands in UV/Vis spectroscopy. Due to differential scanning calorimetry measurements, the glass transition temperature increased from 123 to 185 °C for the purest fraction. Antioxidant capacity is discussed regarding the biomass source, pulping process, and degree of purification. Lignin obtained from industrial black liquor are compared with beech wood samples: antioxidant activity (DPPH inhibition) of kraft lignin fractions were 62⁻68%, whereas beech and spruce/pine-mixed lignin showed values of 42% and 64%, respectively. Total phenol content (TPC) of the isolated kraft lignin fractions varied between 26 and 35%, whereas beech and spruce/pine lignin were 33% and 34%, respectively. Storage decreased the TPC values but increased the DPPH inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abla Alzagameem
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
- Brandenburg University of Technology BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Platz der Deutschen Einheit 1, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany.
| | - Basma El Khaldi-Hansen
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Dominik Büchner
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Michael Larkins
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Drive Biltmore Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Birgit Kamm
- Brandenburg University of Technology BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Platz der Deutschen Einheit 1, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany.
- Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Altenberger Strasse 69, A- 4040 Linz, Austria.
| | - Steffen Witzleben
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
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de Hoyos-Martínez PL, Erdocia X, Charrier-El Bouhtoury F, Prado R, Labidi J. Multistage treatment of almonds waste biomass: Characterization and assessment of the potential applications of raw material and products. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 80:40-50. [PMID: 30455022 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Almond shells are waste biomass generated in agro-industrial activities, which represent a resource that can be further valorized upon treatment. The purpose of this work was to assess new value-added products obtained through a novel multi-stage delignification process of almond shells. A comprehensive chemical characterization of the raw materials and products involved in each stage of the process was carried out. Moreover, an extensive mass balance was developed, providing a full understanding of the extraction process. The pulps produced did not display a significant cellulose loss and hence they could be exploited as cellulose-rich materials. On the other hand, the obtained lignins presented high purity values (≈90%) and a high reactivity, and their structures became more condensed and homogeneous after each extraction cycle. These features would allow their utilization as feedstock of renewable materials such bio-sourced phenolic resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L de Hoyos-Martínez
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa, 1, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain; CNRS/ UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR/ E2S UPPA, Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physico-Chemistry for Environment and Materials (IPREM) - IUT des Pays de l'Adour, 371 Rue de Ruisseau, 40004 Mont de Marsan, France
| | - Xabier Erdocia
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa, 1, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fatima Charrier-El Bouhtoury
- CNRS/ UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR/ E2S UPPA, Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physico-Chemistry for Environment and Materials (IPREM) - IUT des Pays de l'Adour, 371 Rue de Ruisseau, 40004 Mont de Marsan, France
| | - Raquel Prado
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Jalel Labidi
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa, 1, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
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Dias OAT, Sain M, Cesarino I, Leão AL. Development of high bio-content polypropylene composites with different industrial lignins. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohini Sain
- Faculty of Forestry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Ivana Cesarino
- College of Agricultural Sciences; São Paulo State University (Unesp); Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
| | - Alcides Lopes Leão
- College of Agricultural Sciences; São Paulo State University (Unesp); Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
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Gao S, Zhao J, Wang X, Guo Y, Han Y, Zhou J. Lignin Structure and Solvent Effects on the Selective Removal of Condensed Units and Enrichment of S-Type Lignin. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E967. [PMID: 30960892 PMCID: PMC6403703 DOI: 10.3390/polym10090967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the structural differences of lignin after pyridine⁻acetic acid⁻water (PAW) and dioxane⁻acidic water (DAW) purification processes. These structural differences included the S/G ratio, condensed structure, weight-average (MW) molecular weights, β-O-4 linkages and sugar content. The chemical structure of the isolated crude lignin (CL), PAW purified lignin (PPL) and DAW purified lignin (DPL) was elucidated using quantitative 13C NMR, 2D-HSQC NMR spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the PPL fractions contain fewer condensed structures, higher S/G ratios, more β-O-4 linkages, higher average MW and lower thermal degradation properties compared to the CL and DPL fractions. Furthermore, the PAW process was more selective in removing condensed units and enriching S-type lignin from CL compared to the DAW process. These results provide valuable information for understanding which purification process is more suitable to be applied for lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Gao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Ji Zhao
- Jining Ming Sheng New Material Co., Ltd., Jinan 272100, China.
| | - Xing Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yanzhu Guo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Ying Han
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Jinghui Zhou
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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45
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Design, characterization and preliminary biological evaluation of new lignin-PLA biocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:855-863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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The green fabrication, characterization and evaluation of catalytic antioxidation of gold nanoparticle-lignocellulose composite papers for active packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:1782-1791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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47
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An overview of natural renewable bio-polymer lignin towards nano and biotechnological applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:508-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Morganti P, Fusco A, Paoletti I, Perfetto B, Del Ciotto P, Palombo M, Chianese A, Baroni A, Donnarumma G. Anti-Inflammatory, Immunomodulatory, and Tissue Repair Activity on Human Keratinocytes by Green Innovative Nanocomposites. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10070843. [PMID: 28773202 PMCID: PMC5551885 DOI: 10.3390/ma10070843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of raw materials obtained by waste and processed through innovative industrial methodologies has generated an industry of about a trillion dollars in a short time, and in the near future will provide resources and services for the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources in order to ensure a better and fairer welfare for the human race. The production of nano-fiber chitin non-woven tissue is in accordance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and European Union (EU) bio-economic programs: 100% biodegradable, ecological, and therefore useful in decreasing dependence on fossil fuel resources. The aim of our study is the evaluation of different formulations of a non-woven tissue obtained from electrospinning of a mixture of nanochitin fibrils, lignin, and poly (ethylene) oxide (PEO) on the restoration of damaged tissues. Wound repair is a complex process that involves epithelial and immune cells and includes the induction of metalloproteinases, inflammatory mediators, and angiogenic factors. Our in vitro results have shown that all of the realized chitin nanofibrils-bio-lignin non-woven tissues tested as nontoxic for human keratinocytes (HaCat) cells. Furthermore, the bio-composites that included bio-lignin at 0.1% have been able to modulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, IL-1α, and IL8), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and human beta-defensin 2 (HBD-2) expression in HaCat cells, suggesting an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory role. Taken together, our results suggest that our chitin nanofibrils-bio-lignin non-woven tissue represents a skin-friendly tool that is able to favor a correct and fast wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Fusco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Iole Paoletti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Brunella Perfetto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Marco Palombo
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, CTO Hospital, 00142 Rome, Italy.
| | - Angelo Chianese
- Chemical Materials Environmental Engineering Department, University La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Adone Baroni
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialty-Dermatology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Donnarumma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
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49
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Arroyo-Acevedo J, Herrera-Calderón O, Chávez-Asmat R, Anampa-Guzmán A, Chumpitaz-Cerrate V, Enciso-Roca E. Protective effect of Chuquiraga spinosa extract on N-methyl-nitrosourea (NMU) induced prostate cancer in rats. Prostate Int 2017; 5:47-52. [PMID: 28593166 PMCID: PMC5448729 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main objective was to evaluate the possible protective effect of Chuquiraga spinosa extract on N-methyl nitrosourea (NMU)-induced prostate cancer in rats and DU-145 cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prostate carcinogenesis was induced in 30 male Holtzman rats by providing cyproterone acetate, testosterone, and NMU. The tumors were monitored and hematological and biochemical parameters and frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes were recorded. The cell line was assessed by a cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS Oral administration of C. spinosa extract significantly lowered superoxide dismutase malondialdehyde, NO, C-reactive protein, and prostate-specific antigen levels (all P < 0.01 compared with Inductor Group). There was a significant decrease in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (P < 0.05). C. spinosa presented a selectivity index of 17.24 in the cytotoxicity assay. CONCLUSIONS Considering its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antigenotoxic effects, and important variations on biochemical and hematological parameters, including prostate-specific antigen of C. spinosa extract, we conclude that it has a protective effect on NMU-induced prostate cancer in rats and cytotoxicity in the DU-145 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Arroyo-Acevedo
- Institute of Clinical Research, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Oscar Herrera-Calderón
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional San Luis de Gonzaga, Ica, Peru
| | - Roberto Chávez-Asmat
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
- Faculty of Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Edwin Enciso-Roca
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Nacional San Cristobal de Huamanga, Ayacucho, Peru
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50
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Liu J, Wang J, Fu Y, Chang J. Synthesis and characterization of phenol–furfural resins using lignin modified by a low transition temperature mixture. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17877d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and green method for the modification of lignin by a low transition temperature mixture was used in the synthesis of phenol–furfural resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- PR China
| | - Ju Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- PR China
| | - Yan Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- PR China
| | - Jie Chang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- PR China
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