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Raschmanová H, Weninger A, Knejzlík Z, Melzoch K, Kovar K. Engineering of the unfolded protein response pathway in Pichia pastoris: enhancing production of secreted recombinant proteins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4397-4414. [PMID: 34037840 PMCID: PMC8195892 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Folding and processing of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are major impediments in the production and secretion of proteins from Pichia pastoris (Komagataella sp.). Overexpression of recombinant genes can overwhelm the innate secretory machinery of the P. pastoris cell, and incorrectly folded proteins may accumulate inside the ER. To restore proper protein folding, the cell naturally triggers an unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway, which upregulates the expression of genes coding for chaperones and other folding-assisting proteins (e.g., Kar2p, Pdi1, Ero1p) via the transcription activator Hac1p. Unfolded/misfolded proteins that cannot be repaired are degraded via the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, which decreases productivity. Co-expression of selected UPR genes, along with the recombinant gene of interest, is a common approach to enhance the production of properly folded, secreted proteins. Such an approach, however, is not always successful and sometimes, protein productivity decreases because of an unbalanced UPR. This review summarizes successful chaperone co-expression strategies in P. pastoris that are specifically related to overproduction of foreign proteins and the UPR. In addition, it illustrates possible negative effects on the cell's physiology and productivity resulting from genetic engineering of the UPR pathway. We have focused on Pichia's potential for commercial production of valuable proteins and we aim to optimize molecular designs so that production strains can be tailored to suit a specific heterologous product. KEY POINTS: • Chaperones co-expressed with recombinant genes affect productivity in P. pastoris. • Enhanced UPR may impair strain physiology and promote protein degradation. • Gene copy number of the target gene and the chaperone determine the secretion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Raschmanová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, Wädenswil, Switzerland.
| | - Astrid Weninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Zdeněk Knejzlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Melzoch
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Kovar
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, Wädenswil, Switzerland
- daspool Association, Wädenswil, Switzerland
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Dong H, Wang B, Pan L. Study on the interaction mechanism of phospholipid imbalance and endoplasmic reticulum protein secretion imbalance in Aspergillus niger. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1863:183530. [PMID: 33309775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
As the largest membrane organelle, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main location for protein preliminary processing and phospholipid synthesis. Phospholipid bilayer is the main component of the ER, so it plays an intuitively important role in the steady state of protein synthesis in the ER. Despite of their importance, relationship between phospholipid homeostasis and protein processing in Aspergillus niger remains poorly understood. In this study, phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE)/phosphatidyl choline (PC) and phosphatidyl acid (PA) metabolic mutants and ER protein processing mutants were established by knockout the key genes in phospholipid synthesis or UPR effector hacA. Based on global transcriptome and lipidome analysis, the relationship between the phospholipids imbalance and ER protein secretory imbalance was revealed as followed: The cells compensate for the damage caused by ER protein secretory deficiency or phospholipid deficiency from enhancing the protein processing and the synthesis of phospholipids at the transcription level, therefore phospholipid deficiency (Δopi3) and continuous activation of UPR (hacAi) have a synergistic effect in promoting protein secretion and phospholipid biosynthesis. At the same time, the metabolic deficiencies of phospholipid homeostasis and the processing deficiencies of ER protein will also cause cells sensitive to oxidative stress, cell wall inhibition and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Dong
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li Pan
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
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Huang H, Liang Q, Wang Y, Chen J, Kang Z. High-level constitutive expression of leech hyaluronidase with combined strategies in recombinant Pichia pastoris. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1621-1632. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Yu Y, Liu Z, Chen M, Yang M, Li L, Mou H. Enhancing the expression of recombinant κ-carrageenase in Pichia pastoris using dual promoters, co-expressing chaperones and transcription factors. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2019.1655001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhemin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Engineering of deglycosylated and plasmin resistant variants of recombinant streptokinase in Pichia pastoris. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:10561-10577. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Engineering strategies for enhanced production of protein and bio-products in Pichia pastoris: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 36:182-195. [PMID: 29129652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pichia pastoris has been recognized as one of the most industrially important hosts for heterologous protein production. Despite its high protein productivity, the optimization of P. pastoris cultivation is still imperative due to strain- and product-specific challenges such as promoter strength, methanol utilization type and oxygen demand. To address the issues, strategies involving genetic and process engineering have been employed. Optimization of codon usage and gene dosage, as well as engineering of promoters, protein secretion pathways and methanol metabolic pathways have proved beneficial to innate protein expression levels. Large-scale production of proteins via high cell density fermentation additionally relies on the optimization of process parameters including methanol feed rate, induction temperature and specific growth rate. Recent progress related to the enhanced production of proteins in P. pastoris via various genetic engineering and cultivation strategies are reviewed. Insight into the regulation of the P. pastoris alcohol oxidase 1 (AOX1) promoter and the development of methanol-free systems are highlighted. Novel cultivation strategies such as mixed substrate feeding are discussed. Recent advances regarding substrate and product monitoring techniques are also summarized. Application of P. pastoris to the production of biodiesel and other value-added products via metabolic engineering are also reviewed. P. pastoris is becoming an indispensable platform through the use of these combined engineering strategies.
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Ben Azoun S, Kallel H. Investigating the effect of carbon source on rabies virus glycoprotein production in Pichia pastoris by a transcriptomic approach. Microbiologyopen 2017; 6. [PMID: 28523730 PMCID: PMC5552951 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several factors affect protein expression in Pichia pastoris, one among them is the carbon source. In this work, we studied the effect of this factor on the expression level of rabies virus glycoprotein (RABV-G) in two recombinant clones harboring seven copies of the gene of interest. The expression was driven either by the constitutive glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP) promoter or the inducible alcohol oxidase1 (AOX1) promoter. Clones were compared in terms of cell physiology and carbon source metabolism. The transcription levels of 16 key genes involved in the central metabolic pathway, the methanol catabolism, and the oxidative stress were investigated in both clones. Cell size, as a parameter reflecting cell physiological changes, was also monitored. Our results showed that when glucose was used as the sole carbon source, large cells were obtained. Transcript levels of the genes of the central metabolic pathway were also upregulated, whereas antioxidative gene transcript levels were low. By contrast, the use of methanol as a carbon source generated small cells and a shift in carbon metabolism toward the dissimilatory pathway by the upregulation of formaldehyde dehydrogenase gene and the downregulation of those of the central metabolic. These observations are in favor of the use of glucose to enhance the expression of RABV-G in P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Ben Azoun
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Biofermentation Unit, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Héla Kallel
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Biofermentation Unit, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Wang J, Su C, Liu R, Liu B, Khan IU, Xie J, Zhu N. A Pre-Clinical Safety Evaluation of SBP (HBsAg-Binding Protein) Adjuvant for Hepatitis B Vaccine. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170313. [PMID: 28103328 PMCID: PMC5245819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although adjuvants are a common component of many vaccines, there are few adjuvants licensed for use in humans due to concerns about their toxic effects. There is a need to develop new and safe adjuvants, because some existing vaccines have low immunogenicity among certain patient groups. In this study, SBP, a hepatitis B surface antigen binding protein that was discovered through screening a human liver cDNA expression library, was introduced into hepatitis B vaccine. A good laboratory practice, non-clinical safety evaluation was performed to identify the side effects of both SBP and SBP-adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccine. The results indicate that SBP could enhance the HBsAg-specific immune response, thus increasing the protection provided by the hepatitis B vaccine. The safety data obtained here warrant further investigation of SBP as a vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoxiu Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Inam Ullah Khan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (NZ); (JX)
| | - Naishuo Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (NZ); (JX)
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