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Liang W, Chen ZJ, Lai CH. Fabrication of a reusable electrochemical platform based on acid-responsive host-guest interaction with β- cyclodextrin. Carbohydr Res 2023; 534:108966. [PMID: 37844371 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
A reusable electrochemical glassy carbon electrode (GCE) platform based on the acid-responsive host-guest interaction between β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and benzimidazole (BM) derivatives was developed. The β-CD can specifically recognize the BM derivative through the acid -responsive host-guest interaction. The electrode was first modified by eletrografting to immobilize a diamine linker (Boc-EDA), resulting in GCEBoc-EDA in which one amine was used for covalent immobilization to the electrode and another Boc protected amine was used to solid-phase synthesis on following step-by-step modifications on the electrode. After deprotection of the Boc group on the GCEBoc-EDA, carbonyldiimidazole (CDI)-activated β-CD was coupled with -NH2 on the electrode to result in GCEβ-CD. Due to the nonspecific interaction, we further improved the GCEβ-CD electrode by introducing immobilized poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEG-Me) to result in GCEβ-CD/PEG-Me, along with optimized procedures. CV, DPV, and EIS methods were applied for recording the electrochemistry signals. We utilized GCEβ-CD/PEG-Me to investigate the host-guest interaction and found the electrochemical signal exhibited dynamic behavior. The GCEβ-CD/PEG-Me was able to regenerate the β-CD surface more than 20 times after HCl acidic washes. We further investigated the interaction of carbendazim (CBZ), a commonly used fungicide in the agriculture and food industry, and observed a positive electrochemical response. The sensor design has potential applications in ensuring food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wun Liang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Jia Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Hui Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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2
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A renewable platform based on the entropy-driven catalytic amplification and element labeling inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for microRNA analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1254:341112. [PMID: 37005022 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The element labeling inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) strategy has been increasingly applied to the bioanalysis for various bio-targets. Herein, a renewable analysis platform with element labeling ICP-MS was firstly proposed for microRNA (miRNA) analysis. The analysis platform was established on the magnetic bead (MB) with entropy-driven catalytic (EDC) amplification. When the EDC reaction was initiated by target miRNA, numerous strands labeled with Ho element were released from MBs, and 165Ho in the supernatant detected by ICP-MS could reflect the amount of target miRNA. After detection, the platform was easily regenerated by adding strands to reassemble EDC complex on MBs. This MB platform could be used four times, and the limit of detection for miRNA-155 was 8.4 pmol L-1. Moreover, the developed regeneration strategy based on EDC reaction can be easily expanded to other renewable analysis platforms, such as, the renewable platform involving EDC and rolling circle amplification technology. Overall, this work proposed a novel regenerated bioanalysis strategy to reduce the consumption of reagent and time for probe preparation, profiting the development of bioassay based on element labeling ICP-MS strategy.
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3
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Sahu S, Roy R, Anand R. Harnessing the Potential of Biological Recognition Elements for Water Pollution Monitoring. ACS Sens 2022; 7:704-715. [PMID: 35275620 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental monitoring of pollutants is an imperative first step to remove the genotoxic, embryotoxic, and carcinogenic toxins. Various biological sensing elements such as proteins, aptamers, whole cells, etc., have been used to track down major pollutants, including heavy metals, aromatic pollutants, pathogenic microorganisms, and pesticides in both environmental samples and drinking water, demonstrating their potential in a true sense. The intermixed use of nanomaterials, electronics, and microfluidic systems has further improved the design and enabled robust on-site detection with enhanced sensitivity. Through this perspective, we shed light on the advances in the field and entail recent efforts to optimize these systems for real-time, online sensing and on-site field monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Rohita Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ruchi Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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4
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An overview of Structured Biosensors for Metal Ions Determination. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9110324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The determination of metal ions is important for nutritional and toxicological assessment. Atomic spectrometric techniques are highly efficient for the determination of these species, but the high costs of acquisition and maintenance hinder the application of these techniques. Inexpensive alternatives for metallic element determination are based on dedicated biosensors. These devices mimic biological systems and convert biochemical processes into physical outputs and can be used for the sensitive and selective determination of chemical species such as cations. In this work, an overview of the proposed biosensors for metal ions determination was carried out considering the last 15 years of publications. Statistical data on the applications, response mechanisms, instrumentation designs, applications of nanomaterials, and multielement analysis are herein discussed.
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5
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Li XY, Zhang MM, Zhou XD, Hu JM. A functional peptide-mediated colorimetric assay for mercury ion based on dual-modified gold nanoparticles. Anal Biochem 2021; 631:114369. [PMID: 34516968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the work, a rapid and accurate biosensor for mercury ions (Hg2+) was constructed, with which aggregation of dual-modified (DGPFHR- and CALNN-) gold nanoparticles (D/C-AuNPs) could be triggered by the high specificity of peptides to Hg2+. The given peptide DGPFHR possesses great capability of capturing Hg2+, accompanied by the conformational folding. Under the circumstances, D/C-AuNPs were employed as the detection probes to accomplish the quantitative analysis of Hg2+. This is primarily because the specific Hg2+-induced folding of peptides reduces the electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance, thus accelerating the AuNPs aggregation. The principle and application potential of this proposal was proved by evidence. And the results demonstrated that Hg2+ ions could be selectively detected as low as 28 nM with a linear range of 100-800 nM. In consideration of superior simplicity, selectivity, accuracy and stability, the protocol was advantageous over other projects in practical measurement of various water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Li
- The Centre of Analysis and Measurement of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Miao-Miao Zhang
- The Centre of Analysis and Measurement of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhou
- The Centre of Analysis and Measurement of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| | - Ji-Ming Hu
- The Centre of Analysis and Measurement of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
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6
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Golcs Á, Dargó G, Balogh GT, Huszthy P, Tóth T. Development of a microplate-format direct optode sensor for ultra-high-throughput environmental and wastewater monitoring of Pb 2. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1167:338586. [PMID: 34049633 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although many Pb2+-selective optodes have been developed so far, methods using optical sensor membranes have not become widespread in environmental analytical practice. In order to create a bulk optode sensor, which can overcome all of the main drawbacks in the application of conventional optode membranes, - i.e., pH-dependence, long response time and the leakage of the ionic components - unusually thick PVC membrane was developed, embedded in microtiter plates and operated on a novel concept. This is the first reported work, which applies a plate-format optode as well as a direct optode-type sensing membrane for determination of Pb2+. We reported here also the first example for the application of an ionic component-free bulk optode membrane to avoid the membrane leakage, improve the regenerability and extend the lifetime of the membrane. The reported sensor has a LOD above 4.0 × 10-7 M (∼83 μg L-1), thus it is unsuitable for the effective monitoring of drinking waters, but considered to be a promising method for monitoring contamination episodes. On the other hand, the widest pH-independent working range of 4.3 < pH < 7.0 among bulk optodes reported in the literature was realized and an unprecedentedly fast response time of <10 s was achieved. The effectiveness of the applied method was investigated by measuring Pb2+-spiked multicomponent aqueous solutions as simulated environmental or wastewater samples containing near equimolar amounts of Ag+, Ca2+, Co2+, Cu2+, K+, Mg2+, Na+ and Zn2+ as acetate salts. In the presence of these potential competing ions with a concentration not greater than the typical ionic strength of surface freshwaters (∼10-3 M) the reported sensor proved to be appropriate for the selective detection of Pb2+ without any preparation of the samples (e.g., preconcentration, buffering, addition of excipients, etc.) with a required sample volume of only 100 μL. An outstanding analytical performance could be achieved within an average time of less, than 5 s/sample. The reported fluorescent probe is considered to be a promising method for replacing atomic absorption spectroscopy- (AAS), anodic stripping voltammetry- (ASV) or inductively coupled plasma- (ICP) based techniques as well as conventional ion-selective bulk membranes in high-throughput preliminary environmental monitoring of Pb2+, as it provides a cheap and unprecedentedly fast qualitative analysis of contaminated surface and wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Golcs
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4., H-1111, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gergő Dargó
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8., H-1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Tibor Balogh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8., H-1111, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6., H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Péter Huszthy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4., H-1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Tóth
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4., H-1111, Budapest, Hungary; Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33., H-1121, Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Salek Maghsoudi A, Hassani S, Mirnia K, Abdollahi M. Recent Advances in Nanotechnology-Based Biosensors Development for Detection of Arsenic, Lead, Mercury, and Cadmium. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:803-832. [PMID: 33568907 PMCID: PMC7870343 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s294417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals cause considerable environmental pollution due to their extent and non-degradability in the environment. Analysis and trace levels of arsenic, lead, mercury, and cadmium as the most toxic heavy metals show that they can cause various hazards in humans' health. To achieve rapid, high-sensitivity methods for analyzing ultra-trace amounts of heavy metals in different environmental and biological samples, novel biosensors have been designed with the participation of strategies applied in nanotechnology. This review attempted to investigate the novel, sensitive, efficient, cost-benefit, point of care, and user-friendly biosensors designed to detect these heavy metals based on functional mechanisms. The study's search strategies included examining the primary databases from 2015 onwards and various keywords focusing on heavy metal biosensors' performance and toxicity mechanisms. The use of aptamers and whole cells as two important bio-functional nanomaterials is remarkable in heavy metal diagnostic biosensors' bioreceptor design. The application of hybridized nanomaterials containing a specific physicochemical function in the presence of a suitable transducer can improve the sensing performance to achieve an integrated detection system. Our study showed that in addition to both labeled and label-free detection strategies, a wide range of nanoparticles and nanocomposites were used to modify the biosensor surface platform in the detection of heavy metals. The detection limit and linear dynamic range as an essential characteristic of superior biosensors for the primary toxic metals are studied. Furthermore, the perspectives and challenges facing the design of heavy metal biosensors are outlined. The development of novel biosensors and the application of nanotechnology, especially in real samples, face challenges such as the capability to simultaneously detect multiple heavy metals, the interference process in complex matrices, the efficiency and stability of nanomaterials implemented in various laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Salek Maghsoudi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kayvan Mirnia
- Department of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Castillo-Henríquez L, Brenes-Acuña M, Castro-Rojas A, Cordero-Salmerón R, Lopretti-Correa M, Vega-Baudrit JR. Biosensors for the Detection of Bacterial and Viral Clinical Pathogens. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6926. [PMID: 33291722 PMCID: PMC7730340 DOI: 10.3390/s20236926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are measurement devices that can sense several biomolecules, and are widely used for the detection of relevant clinical pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, showing outstanding results. Because of the latent existing risk of facing another pandemic like the one we are living through due to COVID-19, researchers are constantly looking forward to developing new technologies for diagnosis and treatment of infections caused by different bacteria and viruses. Regarding that, nanotechnology has improved biosensors' design and performance through the development of materials and nanoparticles that enhance their affinity, selectivity, and efficacy in detecting these pathogens, such as employing nanoparticles, graphene quantum dots, and electrospun nanofibers. Therefore, this work aims to present a comprehensive review that exposes how biosensors work in terms of bacterial and viral detection, and the nanotechnological features that are contributing to achieving a faster yet still efficient COVID-19 diagnosis at the point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Castillo-Henríquez
- National Center for High Technology (CeNAT), National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC), San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica;
- Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Mariana Brenes-Acuña
- Chemistry School, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica; (M.B.-A.); (A.C.-R.); (R.C.-S.)
| | - Arianna Castro-Rojas
- Chemistry School, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica; (M.B.-A.); (A.C.-R.); (R.C.-S.)
| | - Rolando Cordero-Salmerón
- Chemistry School, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica; (M.B.-A.); (A.C.-R.); (R.C.-S.)
| | - Mary Lopretti-Correa
- Nuclear Research Center, Faculty of Science, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo 11300, Uruguay;
| | - José Roberto Vega-Baudrit
- National Center for High Technology (CeNAT), National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC), San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica;
- Chemistry School, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica; (M.B.-A.); (A.C.-R.); (R.C.-S.)
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9
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Application trends of nanofibers in analytical chemistry. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115992
expr 834212330 + 887677890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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10
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11
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Li L, Qiu Y, Feng Y, Li Y, Wu K, Zhu L. Stripping voltammetric analysis of mercury ions at nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide modified electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Liu Y, Hao M, Chen Z, Liu L, Liu Y, Yang W, Ramakrishna S. A review on recent advances in application of electrospun nanofiber materials as biosensors. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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13
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High selective detection of mercury (II) ions by thioether side groups on metal-organic frameworks. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1081:51-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Paul L, Mukherjee S, Chatterjee S, Bhaumik A, Das D. Organically Functionalized Mesoporous SBA-15 Type Material Bearing Fluorescent Sites for Selective Detection of Hg II from Aqueous Medium. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:17857-17863. [PMID: 31681894 PMCID: PMC6822104 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hg(II) contamination in water resources is one of the major health issues in keeping the purity standard of the municipal water supply. Herein, we report a new mesoporous sensor probe material SBA-ABZ-PEA having a 2D-hexagonally ordered mesoporous framework bearing covalently bonded fluorescent sites, and this has been synthesized through a two-step post-synthesis grafting route. A pure silica mesoporous SBA-15 material has been functionalized with (3-chloropropyl)triethoxysilane (ClPTES) to obtain chloro-functionalized SBA-15, which was further reacted with 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by treatment with 2-(2-pyridyl)-ethylamine resulting in functionalized 2D-hexagonal mesoporous sensor probe SBA-ABZ-PEA. Small angle PXRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, HRTEM, TGA, and FT-IR studies have been carried out to characterize these materials. Our experimental results suggested successful grafting of the organic moiety on the SBA-15 surface along with preservation of mesoporosity throughout the grafting process. Photoluminescence measurements were carried out in the aqueous suspension of SBA-ABZ-PEA in the presence of different metal cations, like NaI, MgII, AlIII, KI, CaII, MnII, CoII, CuII, ZnII, CdII, PbII, and HgII. This result revealed that, among the various metal-ions, the emission intensity of the mesoporous sensing probe material SBA-ABZ-PEA has been dramatically quenched in the presence of the HgII ion. To check the sensitivity of the sensor probe, the fluorescence emission was also studied in the presence of different concentrations of HgII ions. A perfect linear plot between the concentrations of HgII ions in the aqueous medium with their corresponding fluorescence intensities with a detection limit of 1.2 × 10-6 M has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Paul
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Somali Mukherjee
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Sauvik Chatterjee
- School
of Materials Sciences, Indian Association
for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur 700 032, India
| | - Asim Bhaumik
- School
of Materials Sciences, Indian Association
for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur 700 032, India
| | - Debasis Das
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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15
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Tang L, Ouyang X, Peng B, Zeng G, Zhu Y, Yu J, Feng C, Fang S, Zhu X, Tan J. Highly sensitive detection of microcystin-LR under visible light using a self-powered photoelectrochemical aptasensor based on a CoO/Au/g-C 3N 4 Z-scheme heterojunction. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:12198-12209. [PMID: 31199416 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03004b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on the unique photoelectrochemical properties of a CoO/Au/g-C3N4 Z-scheme heterojunction, a self-powered photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor was constructed for the detection of microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR). Z-scheme heterojunctions can promote the separation of a photo-induced electron-hole pair, and the surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) of Au nanoparticles can significantly enhance the adsorption of visible light. Importantly, MC-LR molecules were captured by aptamers initially immobilized on the modified electrode due to their high affinity, and then oxidized by the photogenerated holes, which caused an amplified photocurrent signal, allowing the quantitative analysis of MC-LR by measuring the photocurrent intensity change. This PEC MC-LR aptasensor showed high sensitivity and selectivity within a wide linear response range from 0.1 pM to 10 nM and a detection limit of 0.01 pM. The application of this sensor in the analysis of lake water samples provided accurate results with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.6%-4.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China. and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Xilian Ouyang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China. and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China. and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China. and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China. and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Jiangfang Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China. and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Chengyang Feng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China. and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Siyuan Fang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China. and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China. and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Jisui Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China. and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
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16
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Shoaie N, Daneshpour M, Azimzadeh M, Mahshid S, Khoshfetrat SM, Jahanpeyma F, Gholaminejad A, Omidfar K, Foruzandeh M. Electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on the use of polyaniline and its nanocomposites: a review on recent advances. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:465. [PMID: 31236681 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polyaniline and its composites with nanoparticles have been widely used in electrochemical sensor and biosensors due to their attractive properties and the option of tuning them by proper choice of materials. The review (with 191 references) describes the progress made in the recent years in polyaniline-based biosensors and their applications in clinical sensing, food quality control, and environmental monitoring. A first section summarizes the features of using polyaniline in biosensing systems. A subsequent section covers sensors for clinical applications (with subsections on the detection of cancer cells and bacteria, and sensing of glucose, uric acid, and cholesterol). Further sections discuss sensors for use in the food industry (such as for sulfite, phenolic compounds, acrylamide), and in environmental monitoring (mainly pesticides and heavy metal ions). A concluding section summarizes the current state, highlights some of the challenges currently compromising performance in biosensors and nanobiosensors, and discusses potential future directions. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of electrochemical sensor and biosensors applications based on polyaniline/nanoparticles in various fields of human life including medicine, food industry, and environmental monitoring. The simultaneous use of suitable properties polyaniline and nanoparticles can provide the fabrication of sensing systems with high sensitivity, short response time, high signal/noise ratio, low detection limit, and wide linear range by improving conductivity and the large surface area for biomolecules immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Shoaie
- Department of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University of Medical Science, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Daneshpour
- Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, P.O. Box: 1985717443, Iran
| | - Mostafa Azimzadeh
- Medical Nanotechnology & Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 89195-999, Yazd, Iran.,Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, P.O. Box: 89195-999, Iran.,Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sara Mahshid
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, P.O. Box: H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Seyyed Mehdi Khoshfetrat
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, P.O. Box:1411713137, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jahanpeyma
- Department of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University of Medical Science, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alieh Gholaminejad
- Department of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University of Medical Science, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kobra Omidfar
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, P.O. Box:1411713137, Iran. .,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Foruzandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University of Medical Science, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran.
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Karthika A, Ramasamy Raja V, Karuppasamy P, Suganthi A, Rajarajan M. Electrochemical behaviour and voltammetric determination of mercury (II) ion in cupric oxide/poly vinyl alcohol nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Wang L, Yin Y, Zhang S, Wu D, Lv Y, Hu Y, Wei Q, Yuan Q, Wang J. A rapid microwave-assisted phosphoric-acid treatment on carbon fiber surface for enhanced cell immobilization in xylitol fermentation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 175:697-702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Lai C, Liu S, Zhang C, Zeng G, Huang D, Qin L, Liu X, Yi H, Wang R, Huang F, Li B, Hu T. Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on Sulfur-Nitrogen Codoped Ordered Mesoporous Carbon and Thymine-Hg 2+-Thymine Mismatch Structure for Hg 2+ Detection. ACS Sens 2018; 3:2566-2573. [PMID: 30411617 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A renewable electrochemical aptasensor was proposed for super-sensitive determination of Hg2+. The novel aptasensor, based on sulfur-nitrogen codoped ordered mesoporous carbon (SN-OMC) and thymine-Hg2+-thymine (T-Hg2+-T) mismatch structure, used ferrocene as signal molecules to achieve the conversion of current signals. In the absence of Hg2+, the thiol-modified T-rich probe 1 spontaneously formed a hairpin structure by base pairing. After being hybridized with the ferrocene-labeled probe 2 in the presence of Hg2+, the hairpin structure of probe 1 was opened due to the preferential formation of the T-Hg2+-T mismatch structure, and the ferrocene signal molecules approached the modified electrode surface. SN-OMC with high specific surface area and ample active sites acted as a signal amplification element in electrochemical sensing. The sensitive determination of Hg2+ can be actualized by analyzing the relationship between the change of oxidation current caused by ferrocene signal molecules and the Hg2+ concentrations. The aptasensor had a fine linear correlation in the range of 0.001-1000 nM with a detection limit of 0.45 pM. The aptasensor also displayed a good response in real sample detection and provided a promising possibility for in situ detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry
of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry
of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry
of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry
of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Danlian Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry
of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Lei Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry
of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Xigui Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry
of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Huan Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry
of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Rongzhong Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry
of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Fanglong Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry
of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Bisheng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry
of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry
of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
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20
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Dutta S, Dutta Chowdhury A, Biswas S, Park EY, Agnihotri N, De A, De S. Development of an effective electrochemical platform for highly sensitive DNA detection using MoS2 - polyaniline nanocomposites. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Arteshi Y, Aghanejad A, Davaran S, Omidi Y. Biocompatible and electroconductive polyaniline-based biomaterials for electrical stimulation. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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22
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A new impedimetric sensor based on anionic intercalator for detection of lead ions with low cost and high sensitivity. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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“Gold rush” in modern science: Fabrication strategies and typical advanced applications of gold nanoparticles in sensing. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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24
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Voltammetric sensing based on the use of advanced carbonaceous nanomaterials: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:89. [PMID: 29594390 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review (with 210 references) summarizes recent developments in the design of voltammetric chemical sensors and biosensors based on the use of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs). It is divided into subsections starting with an introduction into the field and a description of its current state. This is followed by a large section on various types of voltammetric sensors and biosensors using CNMs with subsections on sensors based on the use of carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxides, graphene nanoribbons, fullerenes, ionic liquid composites with CNMs, carbon nanohorns, diamond nanoparticles, carbon dots, carbon nanofibers and mesoporous carbon. The third section gives conclusion and an outlook. Tables are presented on the application of such sensors to voltammetric detection of neurotransmitters, metabolites, dietary minerals, proteins, heavy metals, gaseous molecules, pharmaceuticals, environmental pollutants, food, beverages, cosmetics, commercial goods and drugs of abuse. The authors also describe advanced approaches for the fabrication of robust functional carbon nano(bio)sensors for voltammetric quantification of multiple targets. Graphical Abstract Featuring execellent electrical, catalytic and surface properies, CNMs have gained enormous attention for designing voltammetric sensors and biosensors. Functionalized CNM-modified electrode interfaces have demonstrated their prominent role in biological, environmental, pharmaceutical, chemical, food and industrial analysis.
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25
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Mohammadabadi SZ, Zanganeh AR. Electrochemically Generated Recognition Sites in Self-doped Polyaniline Modified Electrodes for Voltammetric and Potentiometric Determination of Copper(II) Ion. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Zamani Mohammadabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch; Islamic Azad University; P.O. Box 311-86145 Shahreza, Isfahan Iran
| | - Ali Reza Zanganeh
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch; Islamic Azad University; P.O. Box 311-86145 Shahreza, Isfahan Iran
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26
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Elsebai B, Ghica ME, Abbas MN, Brett CMA. Catalase based hydrogen peroxide biosensor for mercury determination by inhibition measurements. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 340:344-350. [PMID: 28728113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new amperometric hydrogen peroxide enzyme inhibition biosensor for the indirect determination of toxic mercury ions, Hg2+, based on catalase immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode surface by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde and bovine serum albumin, is reported. The parameters influencing biosensor performance were optimized, including enzyme loading, the amount of hydrogen peroxide, the applied potential and electrolyte pH. It was shown that the inhibition of catalase by Hg2+ species is irreversible, with a linear inhibition response between 5×10-11 and 5×10-10M. The limit of detection calculated as 10% inhibition was 1.8×10-11M and is the lowest reported until now. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was successfully used as a diagnostic of inhibition. Interferences from other heavy metal ions and organic pesticides were evaluated and the inhibition showed very good selectivity towards Hg2+. The method was successfully applied to the determination of mercury ions in different types of water sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basant Elsebai
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Emilia Ghica
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Christopher M A Brett
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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27
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Walcarius A. Recent Trends on Electrochemical Sensors Based on Ordered Mesoporous Carbon. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E1863. [PMID: 28800106 PMCID: PMC5579580 DOI: 10.3390/s17081863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen an increasing number of extensive studies devoted to the exploitation of ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) materials in electrochemistry, notably in the fields of energy and sensing. The present review summarizes the recent achievements made in field of electroanalysis using electrodes modified with such nanomaterials. On the basis of comprehensive tables, the interest in OMC for designing electrochemical sensors is illustrated through the various applications developed to date. They include voltammetric detection after preconcentration, electrocatalysis (intrinsically due to OMC or based on suitable catalysts deposited onto OMC), electrochemical biosensors, as well as electrochemiluminescence and potentiometric sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Walcarius
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie Pour l'Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 405 rue de Vandoeuvre, 54600 Villers-les-Nancy, France.
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28
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Wang M, Hu B, Yang C, Zhang Z, He L, Fang S, Qu X, Zhang Q. Electrochemical biosensing based on protein-directed carbon nanospheres embedded with SnO x and TiO 2 nanocrystals for sensitive detection of tobramycin. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 99:176-185. [PMID: 28756323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of nanocomposites comprised of homogeneous mesoporous carbon nanospheres embedded with SnOx (x = 0, 1, or 2) and TiO2 nanocrystals using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as template followed by calcinated at different temperatures (300, 500, 700, and 900°C) were prepared, and were denoted as SnOx@TiO2@mC. Then a novel electrochemical biosensing strategy for detecting tobramycin (TOB) based on the nanocomposites was constructed. The as-prepared SnOx@TiO2@mC nanocomposites not only possess high specific surface area and good electrochemical activity but also exhibit strong bioaffinity with the aptamer strands, therefore, they were applied as the scaffold for anchoring TOB-targeted aptamer and further used to sensitively detect trace TOB in aqueous solutions. By comparing the electrochemical biosensing responses toward TOB detection based on the four SnOx@TiO2@mC nanocomposites, the biosensing system constructed with SnOx@TiO2@mC900 (derived at 900°C) demonstrated the highest determination efficiency, high selectivity, and good stability. In particular, the new proposed aptasensing method based on SnOx@TiO2@mC nanocomposite exhibits considerable potential for the quantitative detection of TOB in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chuang Yang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Linghao He
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shaoming Fang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiongwei Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Qingxin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
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Zeptomolar detection of Hg 2+ based on label-free electrochemical aptasensor: One step closer to the dream of single atom detection. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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