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Magwaza B, Amobonye A, Pillai S. Microbial β-glucosidases: Recent advances and applications. Biochimie 2024; 225:49-67. [PMID: 38734124 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The global β-glucosidase market is currently estimated at ∼400 million USD, and it is expected to double in the next six years; a trend that is mainly ascribed to the demand for the enzyme for biofuel processing. Microbial β-glucosidase, particularly, has thus garnered significant attention due to its ease of production, catalytic efficiency, and versatility, which have all facilitated its biotechnological potential across different industries. Hence, there are continued efforts to screen, produce, purify, characterize and evaluate the industrial applicability of β-glucosidase from actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi, and yeasts. With this rising demand for β-glucosidase, various cost-effective and efficient approaches are being explored to discover, redesign, and enhance their production and functional properties. Thus, this present review provides an up-to-date overview of advancements in the utilization of microbial β-glucosidases as "Emerging Green Tools" in 21st-century industries. In this regard, focus was placed on the use of recombinant technology, protein engineering, and immobilization techniques targeted at improving the industrial applicability of the enzyme. Furthermore, insights were given into the recent progress made in conventional β-glucosidase production, their industrial applications, as well as the current commercial status-with a focus on the patents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buka Magwaza
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P. O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Ayodeji Amobonye
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P. O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Santhosh Pillai
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P. O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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2
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Vasicek TW, Guillermo S, Swofford DR, Durchman J, Jenkins SV. β-Glucosidase Immobilized on Magnetic Nanoparticles: Controlling Biomolecule Footprint and Particle Functional Group Density to Navigate the Activity-Stability Tradeoff. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5347-5355. [PMID: 36331934 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the immobilized footprint of β-glucosidase (BGL) on silica-coated iron oxide was explored to produce reusable catalysts with flexible active sites for high activity and heightened storage stability. Synthesized iron oxide particles were coated with silica and functionalized with various densities of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) to obtain particles with amine densities ranging from 0 to 3 × 10-5 mol/g particle. The amine-modified particles were activated with glutaraldehyde, and subsequently, BGL was immobilized using either a 0.1 or 1 mg/mL enzyme solution to produce biomolecules with a large or small footprint on the particle surface. The initial activity, activity for subsequent hydrolysis cycles, activity after extended storage, and biomolecule footprint were studied as a function of APTES density and concentration of enzyme used for immobilization. At high immobilization amounts, the specific activity and footprint were reduced, but the immobilized biomolecules were stable during storage. However, at low enzyme immobilizations, the activity of the enzymes was retained, the immobilized enzymes adopted large footprints, and the storage stability increased with APTES density relative to the free enzyme. These results highlight how controlling both the protein load and functional group density can yield immobilized enzymes possessing high activity, which are stable during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaddeus W Vasicek
- Department of Chemistry, The Citadel, Charleston, South Carolina29409, United States
| | - Sylvester Guillermo
- Department of Chemistry, The Citadel, Charleston, South Carolina29409, United States
| | - Danny R Swofford
- Department of Chemistry, The Citadel, Charleston, South Carolina29409, United States
| | - Jeremy Durchman
- Department of Physical Science, University of Arkansas Fort Smith, Fort Smith, Arkansas72913, United States
| | - Samir V Jenkins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas72205, United States
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3
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Saratale RG, Cho SK, Bharagava RN, Patel AK, Varjani S, Mulla SI, Kim DS, Bhatia SK, Ferreira LFR, Shin HS, Saratale GD. A critical review on biomass-based sustainable biorefineries using nanobiocatalysts: Opportunities, challenges, and future perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127926. [PMID: 36100182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysts, including live microbial cells/enzymes, have been considered a predominant and advantageous tool for effectively transforming biomass into biofuels and valued biochemicals. However, high production costs, separation, and reusability limit its practical application. Immobilization of single and multi-enzymes by employing different nano-supports have gained massive attention because of its elevated exterior domain and high enzymatic performance. Application of nanobiocatalyst can overcome the drawbacks mainly, stability and reusability, thus reflecting the importance of biomass-based biorefinery to make it profitable and sustainable. This review provides an in-depth, comprehensive analysis of nanobiocatalysts systems concerning nano supports and biocatalytic performance characteristics. Furthermore, the effects of nanobiocatalyst on waste biomass to biofuel and valued bioproducts in the biorefinery approach and their critical assessment are discussed. Lastly, this review elaborates commercialization and market outlooks of the bioconversion process using nanobiocatalyst, followed by different strategies to overcome the limitations and future research directions on nanobiocatalytic-based industrial bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Kyung Cho
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ram Naresh Bharagava
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School for Environmental Sciences Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 010, India
| | - Sikandar I Mulla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Health Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore 560 064, India
| | - Dong Su Kim
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Waste and Effluent Treatment Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Han Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Alnadari F, Xue Y, Alsubhi NH, Alamoudi SA, Alwabli AS, Al-Quwaie DA, Saud Hamed Y, Muhammad Nasiru M, Ebrahim AA, El-Saadony MT, Pan F. Reusability of immobilized β-glucosidase on sodium alginate-coated magnetic nanoparticles and high productivity applications. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ramírez-Ramírez LG, Zazueta-Álvarez DE, Fileto-Pérez HA, Reyes-Jáquez D, Núñez-Núñez CM, Galindo-De la Rosa JDD, López-Miranda J, Vázquez-Ortega PG. Improvement in the Thermostability of a Recombinant β-Glucosidase Immobilized in Zeolite under Different Conditions. Molecules 2022; 27:4105. [PMID: 35807351 PMCID: PMC9268045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Glucosidase is part of the cellulases and is responsible for degrading cellobiose into glucose, a compound that can be used to produce biofuels. However, the use of the free enzyme makes the process more expensive. Enzyme immobilization improves catalytic characteristics and supports, such as zeolites, which have physical-chemical characteristics and ion exchange capacity that have a promising application in the biotechnological industry. This research aimed to immobilize by adsorption a recombinant β-glucosidase from Trichoderma reesei, obtained in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), in a commercial zeolite. A Box Behnken statistical design was applied to find the optimal immobilization parameters, the stability against pH and temperature was determined, and the immobilized enzyme was characterized by SEM. The highest enzymatic activity was determined with 100 mg of zeolite at 35 °C and 175 min. Compared to the free enzyme, the immobilized recombinant β-glucosidase presented greater activity from pH 2 to 4 and greater thermostability. The kinetic parameters were calculated, and a lower KM value was obtained for the immobilized enzyme compared to the free enzyme. The obtained immobilization parameters by a simple adsorption method and the significant operational stability indicate promising applications in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gerardo Ramírez-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México (TecNM)—Instituto Tecnológico de Durango (ITD), Durango 34080, Mexico; (L.G.R.-R.); (H.A.F.-P.); (D.R.-J.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - David Enrique Zazueta-Álvarez
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Tecnología Ambiental, Universidad Politécnica de Durango, Durango 34300, Mexico; (D.E.Z.-Á.); (C.M.N.-N.)
| | - Héctor Alonso Fileto-Pérez
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México (TecNM)—Instituto Tecnológico de Durango (ITD), Durango 34080, Mexico; (L.G.R.-R.); (H.A.F.-P.); (D.R.-J.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - Damián Reyes-Jáquez
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México (TecNM)—Instituto Tecnológico de Durango (ITD), Durango 34080, Mexico; (L.G.R.-R.); (H.A.F.-P.); (D.R.-J.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - Cynthia Manuela Núñez-Núñez
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Tecnología Ambiental, Universidad Politécnica de Durango, Durango 34300, Mexico; (D.E.Z.-Á.); (C.M.N.-N.)
| | - Juan de Dios Galindo-De la Rosa
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Querétaro 76010, Mexico;
| | - Javier López-Miranda
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México (TecNM)—Instituto Tecnológico de Durango (ITD), Durango 34080, Mexico; (L.G.R.-R.); (H.A.F.-P.); (D.R.-J.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - Perla Guadalupe Vázquez-Ortega
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México (TecNM)—Instituto Tecnológico de Durango (ITD), Durango 34080, Mexico; (L.G.R.-R.); (H.A.F.-P.); (D.R.-J.); (J.L.-M.)
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da Silva Almeida LE, Fernandes P, de Assis SA. Immobilization of Fungal Cellulases Highlighting β-Glucosidase: Techniques, Supports, Chemical, and Physical Changes. Protein J 2022; 41:274-292. [PMID: 35438380 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-022-10048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucosidase is widely used in several industrial segments, among which we can highlight the pharmaceutical industry, beverages, biofuels, animal feed production, and the textile industry. The great applicability of this enzyme, associated with the high cost of its production, justifies the need to find ways to make its use economically viable on an industrial scale. Through enzyme immobilization, the biocatalyst can be reused more than once, without great impact on its catalytic activity, and higher operational and storage stabilities can be achieved as compared to the free form. Accordingly, this review brings information about different techniques and supports that have been studied in the immobilization of cellulases with a focus on β-glucosidase, as well as the application of these immobilized systems to supplement commercial mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Emanuelle da Silva Almeida
- Enzymology and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, Health Department, State University of Feira de Santana, Avenida Transnordestina s/n, Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44036-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- DREAMS and Faculty of Engineering, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal.,iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra Aparecida de Assis
- Enzymology and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, Health Department, State University of Feira de Santana, Avenida Transnordestina s/n, Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44036-900, Brazil.
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7
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Vázquez-Ortega PG, López-Miranda J, Rojas-Contreras JA, Ilina A, Soto-Cruz NO, Páez-Lerma JB. Expression of a β-glucosidase from Trichoderma reesei in Escherichia coli using a synthetic optimized gene and stability improvements by immobilization using magnetite nano-support. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 190:106009. [PMID: 34742914 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.106009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars is determined by the enzymatic activity of cellulases; consequently, improving enzymatic activity has attracted great interest in the scientific community. Cocktails of commercial cellulase often have low β-glucosidase content, leading to the accumulation of cellobiose. This accumulation inhibits the activity of the cellulolytic complex and can be used to determine the enzymatic efficiency of commercial cellulase cocktails. Here, a novel codon optimized β-glucosidase gene (B-glusy) from Trichoderma reesei QM6a was cloned and expressed in three strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli). The synthetic sequence containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 1491 bp was used to encode a polypeptide of 497 amino acid residues. The β-glucosidase recombinant protein that was expressed (57 kDa of molecular weight) was purified by Ni agarose affinity chromatography and visualized by SDS-PAGE. The recombinant protein was better expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3), and its enzymatic activity was higher at neutral pH and 30 °C (22.4 U/mg). Subsequently, the β-glucosidase was immobilized using magnetite nano-support, after which it maintained >65% of its enzymatic activity from pH 6 to 10, and was more stable than the free enzyme above 40 °C. The maximum immobilization yield had enzyme activity of 97.2%. In conclusion, β-glucosidase is efficiently expressed in the microbial strain E. coli BL21 (DE3) grown in a simplified culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Guadalupe Vázquez-Ortega
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. Col. Nueva Vizcaya, CP 34080, Durango, Dgo., Mexico
| | - Javier López-Miranda
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. Col. Nueva Vizcaya, CP 34080, Durango, Dgo., Mexico.
| | - Juan Antonio Rojas-Contreras
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. Col. Nueva Vizcaya, CP 34080, Durango, Dgo., Mexico
| | - Anna Ilina
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza e Ing. José Cárdenas V. Col. República Oriente, CP 25000, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Nicolás Oscar Soto-Cruz
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. Col. Nueva Vizcaya, CP 34080, Durango, Dgo., Mexico
| | - Jesús Bernardo Páez-Lerma
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. Col. Nueva Vizcaya, CP 34080, Durango, Dgo., Mexico
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Reshmy R, Philip E, Sirohi R, Tarafdar A, Arun KB, Madhavan A, Binod P, Kumar Awasthi M, Varjani S, Szakacs G, Sindhu R. Nanobiocatalysts: Advancements and applications in enzyme technology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125491. [PMID: 34320770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiocatalysts are one of the most promising biomaterials produced by synergistically integrating advanced biotechnology and nanotechnology. These have a lot of potential to improve enzyme stability, function, efficiencyand engineering performance in bioprocessing. Functional nanostructures have been used to create nanobiocatalystsbecause of their specific physicochemical characteristics and supramolecular nature. This review covers a wide range of nanobiocatalysts including polymeric, metallic, silica and carbon nanocarriers as well as their recent developments in controlling enzyme activity. The enormous potential of nanobiocatalysts in bioprocessing in designing effective laboratory trials forapplications in various fields such as food, pharmaceuticals, biofuel, and bioremediation is also discussed extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reshmy
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, Kerala 690 110, India
| | - Eapen Philip
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, Kerala 690 110, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - K B Arun
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Paryavaran Bhavan, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, India
| | | | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019, India.
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Matveeva VG, Bronstein LM. Magnetic Nanoparticle-Containing Supports as Carriers of Immobilized Enzymes: Key Factors Influencing the Biocatalyst Performance. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092257. [PMID: 34578573 PMCID: PMC8469579 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this short review (Perspective), we identify key features of the performance of biocatalysts developed by the immobilization of enzymes on the supports containing magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), analyzing the scientific literature for the last five years. A clear advantage of magnetic supports is their easy separation due to the magnetic attraction between magnetic NPs and an external magnetic field, facilitating the biocatalyst reuse. This allows for savings of materials and energy in the biocatalytic process. Commonly, magnetic NPs are isolated from enzymes either by polymers, silica, or some other protective layer. However, in those cases when iron oxide NPs are in close proximity to the enzyme, the biocatalyst may display a fascinating behavior, allowing for synergy of the performance due to the enzyme-like properties shown in iron oxides. Another important parameter which is discussed in this review is the magnetic support porosity, especially in hierarchical porous supports. In the case of comparatively large pores, which can freely accommodate enzyme molecules without jeopardizing their conformation, the enzyme surface ordering may create an optimal crowding on the support, enhancing the biocatalytic performance. Other factors such as surface-modifying agents or special enzyme reactor designs can be also influential in the performance of magnetic NP based immobilized enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina G. Matveeva
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina St, 170026 Tver, Russia;
- Regional Technological Centre, Tver State University, Zhelyabova Str., 33, 170100 Tver, Russia
| | - Lyudmila M. Bronstein
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina St, 170026 Tver, Russia;
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80303, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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de Andrade BC, Gennari A, Renard G, Nervis BDR, Benvenutti EV, Costa TMH, Nicolodi S, da Silveira NP, Chies JM, Volpato G, Volken de Souza CF. Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with histidine and nickel to immobilize His-tagged enzymes using β-galactosidase as a model. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:159-169. [PMID: 34126150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to synthesize iron magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with histidine and nickel (Fe3O4-His-Ni) to be used as support materials for oriented immobilization of His-tagged recombinant enzymes of high molecular weight, using β-galactosidase as a model. The texture, morphology, magnetism, thermal stability, pH and temperature reaction conditions, and the kinetic parameters of the biocatalyst obtained were assessed. In addition, the operational stability of the biocatalyst in the lactose hydrolysis of cheese whey and skim milk by batch processes was also assessed. The load of 600 Uenzyme/gsupport showed the highest recovered activity value (~50%). After the immobilization process, the recombinant β-galactosidase (HisGal) showed increased substrate affinity and greater thermal stability (~50×) compared to the free enzyme. The immobilized β-galactosidase was employed in batch processes for lactose hydrolysis of skim milk and cheese whey, resulting in hydrolysis rates higher than 50% after 15 cycles of reuse. The support used was obtained in the present study without modifying chemical agents. The support easily recovered from the reaction medium due to its magnetic characteristics. The iron nanoparticles functionalized with histidine and nickel were efficient in the oriented immobilization of the recombinant β-galactosidase, showing its potential application in other high-molecular-weight enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Coelho de Andrade
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology Graduate Program, University of Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriano Gennari
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology Graduate Program, University of Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Gaby Renard
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Tuberculosis, Research Center for Molecular and Functional Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sabrina Nicolodi
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Giandra Volpato
- Biotechnology course, Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul - IFRS, Porto Alegre Campus, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Lakshminarayanan S, Shereen MF, Niraimathi KL, Brindha P, Arumugam A. One-pot green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles from Bauhinia tomentosa: Characterization and application towards synthesis of 1, 3 diolein. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8643. [PMID: 33883589 PMCID: PMC8060310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The green synthesis of NPs through plant extracts can be a modest, one-pot alternative synthesis to the conventional physical or chemical method. The prime focus of this study is to produce MNPs by the reducing effect of Bauhinia tomentosa leaf extract, and it was immobilized in porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL). Synthesized NPs were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis Spectrometry, Thermogravimetry, and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Zeta potential test, VSM, BET and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The effect of process parameters was studied, about the efficiency of immobilization are enzyme stability, the extent of enzyme reusability, its separation from products, the activity of immobilized enzyme, recovery, and its loss. Finally, the immobilized lipase was used for the synthesis of 1,3-diolein using enzyme-mediated esterification of oleic acid and glycerol. Under optimized condition (reaction temp-55 [Formula: see text]C; molar ratio-2.5:1; pH-7) diolein yield was achieved to be 94%. Therefore, this work was further used for the industrial production of 1,3-diacylglycerol since a perfect enzyme-catalyzed process was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmitha Lakshminarayanan
- Centre for Advanced Research in Indian System of Medicine (CARISM), SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - M Furhana Shereen
- Bioprocess Intensification Laboratory, Centre for Bioenergy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed To Be University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - K L Niraimathi
- Centre for Advanced Research in Indian System of Medicine (CARISM), SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - P Brindha
- Centre for Advanced Research in Indian System of Medicine (CARISM), SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - A Arumugam
- Bioprocess Intensification Laboratory, Centre for Bioenergy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed To Be University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, India.
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12
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Alnadari F, Xue Y, Almakas A, Mohedein A, Samie A, Abdel-Shafi M, Abdin M. Large batch production of Galactooligosaccharides using β-glucosidase immobilized on chitosan-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13589. [PMID: 33368567 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
β-glucosidase (BglA) immobilization from Thermotoga maritima on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalized with chitosan (Cs) were efficiently investigated to improve lactose conversion and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) production. We used a batch method in order to improve the conversion of lactose to GOS. The efficiency and yield of immobilization were 79% and immobilized BglA was effectively recycled via a magnetic separation procedure through a batch-wise GOS with no activity lessening. Furthermore, analyses were done through screening kinetics of enzyme activity, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Proposed methodology of immobilization shows a potential application as it is stable which was proved through many methods including pH, temperature, heat treatment, storage, and kinetics of the enzyme. GOS and residual enzyme activity showed to be 28.76 and 40.44%, respectively. However, free enzyme synthesis of GOS yield was just 24% after 12 hr. This study proposed applying magnet in the immobilization process of BglA on Cs-MNPs to produce GOS as new method for immobilizing enzyme in a biostable and cost-efficient way. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This paper focus on immobilization of BglA from T. maritima onto MNPs functionalized with CS to investigate their further possibility improving lactose conversion and GOS production. Interestingly, a successful immobilization of Tm-BglA on the substrates were achieved in Cs-MNPs. The obtained results from enzyme activity, SDS-PAGE, FT-IR, and TEM showed that the high binding capacity of BglA to Cs-MNPs was successfully obtained. Furthermore, the binding efficiency calculation indicated that the immobilized BglA-Cs-MNPs conserved 40.44% of its native activity at the end of its 6th repeated use. In addition, magnetic separation technique was successfully employed for reuse of the immobilized BglA for repetitive batch-wise GOS without significant loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawze Alnadari
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Yemin Xue
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Aisha Almakas
- Department of Crops and Pastures, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Amani Mohedein
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Abdel Samie
- Department of Food and Dairy Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Shafi
- Department of Food and Dairy Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdin
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Agriculture Research Center, Food Technology Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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13
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Chamoli S, Yadav E, Hemansi, Saini JK, Verma AK, Navani NK, Kumar P. Magnetically recyclable catalytic nanoparticles grafted with Bacillus subtilis β-glucosidase for efficient cellobiose hydrolysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:S0141-8130(20)34190-8. [PMID: 32800958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study reports covalent immobilization of β-glucosidase (BGL) from Bacillus subtilis PS on magnetically recyclable iron nanoparticles for enhancing robustness, facile recovery and reuse of enzyme. Immobilized BGL iron nanoparticles (BGL-INPs) were characterized by various biophysical techniques viz. TEM, DLS, FTIR and CD spectroscopy. The efficiency and yield of immobilization were 89.78 and 84.80%, respectively. After immobilization, optimum pH remained 6.0 whereas optimum temperature upraised to 70 °C whereas apparent Km and Vmax shifted from 0.819 mM to 0.941 mM and 54.46 to 57.67 μmole/min/mg, respectively. Immobilization conferred lower activation energy and improved pH and thermal stabilities. The BGL-INPs retained 85% activity up to 10th cycle of reuse and hydrolyzed more than 90% of cellobiose to glucose within 30 min. Conclusively, improved pH, thermal stability and excellent reusability over free enzyme make BGL-INPs a promising candidate for sustainable bioethanol production and other industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Chamoli
- Department of Biochemistry, C.B.S.H., Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India; Deen Dayal Upadhyay Kaushal Kendra, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031, India
| | - Ekta Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031, India
| | - Hemansi
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031, India
| | - Jitendera Kumar Saini
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, C.B.S.H., Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Navani
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031, India; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
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Wang Y, Qi Y, Chen C, Zhao C, Ma Y, Yang W. Layered Co-Immobilization of β-Glucosidase and Cellulase on Polymer Film by Visible-Light-Induced Graft Polymerization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:44913-44921. [PMID: 31670943 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Exploring a suitable immobilization strategy to improve catalytic efficiency and reusability of cellulase is of great importance to lowering the cost and promoting the industrialization of cellulose-derived bioethanol. In this work, a layered structure with a thin PEG hydrogel as the inner layer and sodium polyacrylate (PAANa) brush as the outer layer was fabricated on low density polyethylene (LDPE) film by visible-light-induced graft polymerization. Two enzymes, β-glucosidase (BG) and cellulase, were separately coimmobilized onto this hierarchical film. As supplementary to cellulase for improving catalytic efficiency, BG was in situ entrapped into the inner PEG hydrogel layer during the graft polymerization from the LDPE surface. After graft polymerization of sodium acrylate on the PEG hydrogel layer was reinitiated, cellulase was covalently attached on the outer PAANa brush layer. Owing to the mild reaction condition (visible-light irradiation and room temperature), the immobilized BG could retain a high activity after the graft polymerization. The immobilization did not alter the optimal pH and temperature of BG or the optimal temperature of cellulase. However, the optimal pH of cellulase shifts to 5.0 after immobilization. Compared with the original activity of single cellulase system and isolated BG/cellulase immobilization system, the dual-enzyme system exhibited 82% and 20% increase in catalytic activity, respectively. The dual-enzyme system could maintain 93% of carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (CMC) activity after repeating 10 cycles of hydrolysis and 89% of filter paper activity after 6 cycles relative to original activity, exhibiting excellent reusability. This layer coimmobilization system of BG and cellulase on the polymer film displays tremendous potential for practical application in a biorefinery.
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15
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Shi X, Xu J, Lu C, Wang Z, Xiao W, Zhao L. Immobilization of high temperature-resistant GH3 β-glucosidase on a magnetic particle Fe3O4-SiO2-NH2-Cellu-ZIF8/zeolitic imidazolate framework. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 129:109347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Iriarte-Mesa C, Díaz-Castañón S, Abradelo DG. Facile immobilization of Trametes versicolor laccase on highly monodisperse superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 181:470-479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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17
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Monteiro LMO, Pereira MG, Vici AC, Heinen PR, Buckeridge MS, Polizeli MDLTDM. Efficient hydrolysis of wine and grape juice anthocyanins by Malbranchea pulchella β-glucosidase immobilized on MANAE-agarose and ConA-Sepharose supports. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:1133-1141. [PMID: 31220494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
β-glucosidases (BGLs) hydrolyze short-chain cellulooligosaccharides. Some BGLs can hydrolyze anthocyanins and be applied in the clarification process of food industries, especially grape juice and wine. Enzyme immobilization is a valuable tool to increase enzyme stabilization. In this work, Malbranchea pulchella BGL was immobilized on Monoaminoethyl-N-ethyl-agarose ionic support, MANAE-agarose, and Concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity support, Con-A-Sepharose. The formed biocatalysts, denominated BLG-MANAE and BLG-ConA, were applied in the grape juice and red wine clarification. BGL-MANAE and BGL-ConA hyperactivated M. pulchella BGL 10- and 3-fold, respectively. Both biocatalysts showed at least 70% activity at pH range 2-11, until 24 h incubation. BGL-MANAE and BGL-ConA showed activity of 60% and 100%, respectively, at 50 °C, up to 24 h. Both biocatalysts were efficiently reused 20-fold. They were stable in the presence of up to 0.1 M glucose for 24 h incubation, and with 5%, 10% and 15% ethanol kept up to 70% activity. BGL-MANAE biocatalyst was 11% and 25% more efficient than BGL-ConA in clarification of concentrate and diluted wines, respectively. Likewise, BGL-MANAE biocatalysts were 14% and 33% more efficient than the BGL-ConA in clarification of diluted and concentrated juices, respectively. Therefore, the BGL-MANAE biocatalyst was especially effective in red wine and grape juice clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lummy Maria Oliveira Monteiro
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marita Gimenez Pereira
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Vici
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Heinen
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos S Buckeridge
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Matão Street, 277, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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18
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Chemical, physical, and biological coordination: An interplay between materials and enzymes as potential platforms for immobilization. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Patel SKS, Gupta RK, Kumar V, Mardina P, Lestari R, Kalia VC, Choi MS, Lee JK. Influence of Metal Ions on the Immobilization of β-Glucosidase Through Protein-Inorganic Hybrids. Indian J Microbiol 2019; 59:370-374. [PMID: 31388216 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-019-00796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immobilization of enzymes through metal-based system is demonstrated as a promising approach to enhance its properties. In this study, the influence of metals ions, including copper, cobalt and zinc (Zn) on the immobilization of β-glucosidase (BGL) through the synthesis of protein-inorganic hybrid was evaluated at 4 °C. Among these metal ions-based hybrids, Zn showed the highest encapsulation yield and relative activity of 87.5 and 207%, respectively. Immobilized BGL exhibited higher pH and temperature stability compared to free form. Thermal stability of hybrid improved up to 26-fold at 60 °C. After 10 cycles of reuse, immobilized enzyme retained 93.8% of residual activity. These results suggested that metal ions played a significant role in the enzyme immobilization as a protein-inorganic hybrid. Overall, this strategy can be potentially applied to enhance the properties of enzymes though effective encapsulation for the broad biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K S Patel
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Rahul K Gupta
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Virendra Kumar
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Primata Mardina
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Rowina Lestari
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Vipin C Kalia
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Seok Choi
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
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Evaluation of the activity of β-glucosidase immobilized on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a microfluidic flow injection analyzer with embedded optical fibers. Talanta 2018; 185:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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